src/notebooks/convert_netcdf_to_zarr.ipynb

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   "cell_type": "code",
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   "id": "fde8f9f7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import os\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "import xarray as xr\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "47159b08",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Download NetCDF Data\n",
    "\n",
    "The NWM Predictions dataset is published as NetCDF files, and available here: https://nomads.ncep.noaa.gov/pub/data/nccf/com/nwm/v2.2/.\n",
    "\n",
    "This folder usually has a couple days of data. At the time of this writing, `nwm.20221017` was available.\n",
    "\n",
    "Within that folder, we see a number of options:\n",
    "\n",
    "```\n",
    "analysis_assim/\n",
    "analysis_assim_extend/\n",
    "analysis_assim_extend_no_da/\n",
    "analysis_assim_hawaii/\n",
    "analysis_assim_hawaii_no_da/\n",
    "analysis_assim_long/\n",
    "analysis_assim_long_no_da/\n",
    "analysis_assim_no_da/\n",
    "analysis_assim_puertorico/\n",
    "analysis_assim_puertorico_no_da/\n",
    "forcing_analysis_assim/\n",
    "forcing_analysis_assim_extend/\n",
    "forcing_analysis_assim_hawaii/\n",
    "forcing_analysis_assim_puertorico/\n",
    "forcing_medium_range/\n",
    "forcing_short_range/\n",
    "forcing_short_range_hawaii/\n",
    "forcing_short_range_puertorico/\n",
    "long_range_mem1/\n",
    "long_range_mem2/\n",
    "long_range_mem3/\n",
    "long_range_mem4/\n",
    "medium_range_mem1/\n",
    "medium_range_mem2/\n",
    "medium_range_mem3/\n",
    "medium_range_mem4/\n",
    "medium_range_mem5/\n",
    "medium_range_mem6/\n",
    "medium_range_mem7/\n",
    "medium_range_no_da/\n",
    "short_range/\n",
    "short_range_hawaii/\n",
    "short_range_hawaii_no_da/\n",
    "short_range_puertorico/\n",
    "short_range_puertorico_no_da/\n",
    "usgs_timeslices/\n",
    "```\n",
    "\n",
    "We begin with the short-range forecast, which has Streamflow Channel Routing files for 18 cycles at midnight:\n",
    "\n",
    "```\n",
    "nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f001.conus.nc\n",
    "nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f002.conus.nc\n",
    "nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f003.conus.nc\n",
    "nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f004.conus.nc\n",
    "nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f005.conus.nc\n",
    "nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f006.conus.nc\n",
    "nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f007.conus.nc\n",
    "nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f008.conus.nc\n",
    "nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f009.conus.nc\n",
    "nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f010.conus.nc\n",
    "nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f011.conus.nc\n",
    "nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f012.conus.nc\n",
    "nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f013.conus.nc\n",
    "nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f014.conus.nc\n",
    "nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f015.conus.nc\n",
    "nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f016.conus.nc\n",
    "nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f017.conus.nc\n",
    "nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f018.conus.nc\n",
    "```\n",
    "\n",
    "Let's download these files:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "447dc6c5",
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "PREDICTIONS_DATADIR = '/opt/data/nwm-predictions'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "id": "d9035968",
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    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f001.conus.nc',\n",
       " 'nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f017.conus.nc',\n",
       " 'nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f016.conus.nc',\n",
       " 'nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f010.conus.nc',\n",
       " 'nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f011.conus.nc',\n",
       " 'nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f007.conus.nc',\n",
       " 'nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f006.conus.nc',\n",
       " 'nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f014.conus.nc',\n",
       " 'nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f015.conus.nc',\n",
       " 'nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f009.conus.nc',\n",
       " 'nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f008.conus.nc',\n",
       " 'nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f003.conus.nc',\n",
       " 'nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f002.conus.nc',\n",
       " 'nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f004.conus.nc',\n",
       " 'nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f005.conus.nc',\n",
       " 'nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f018.conus.nc',\n",
       " 'nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f013.conus.nc',\n",
       " 'nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f012.conus.nc']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!mkdir -p /opt/data/nwm-predictions && cd /opt/data/nwm-predictions && seq -f 'https://nomads.ncep.noaa.gov/pub/data/nccf/com/nwm/v2.2/nwm.20221017/short_range/nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f%03g.conus.nc' 1 18 | xargs -P 0 -n 1 wget -q\n",
    "\n",
    "os.listdir(PREDICTIONS_DATADIR)"
   ]
  },
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   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Sample Downloaded Data\n",
    "\n",
    "Before we do any further work with it, let's open one of the files in the dataset and take a look at it."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "id": "57d232ab",
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   "outputs": [
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       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.Dataset&gt;\n",
       "Dimensions:         (time: 1, reference_time: 1, feature_id: 2776738)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * time            (time) datetime64[ns] 2022-10-17T01:00:00\n",
       "  * reference_time  (reference_time) datetime64[ns] 2022-10-17\n",
       "  * feature_id      (feature_id) int32 101 179 181 ... 1180001803 1180001804\n",
       "Data variables:\n",
       "    crs             |S1 b&#x27;&#x27;\n",
       "    streamflow      (feature_id) float64 ...\n",
       "    nudge           (feature_id) float64 ...\n",
       "    velocity        (feature_id) float64 ...\n",
       "    qSfcLatRunoff   (feature_id) float64 ...\n",
       "    qBucket         (feature_id) float64 ...\n",
       "    qBtmVertRunoff  (feature_id) float64 ...\n",
       "Attributes: (12/19)\n",
       "    TITLE:                      OUTPUT FROM NWM v2.2\n",
       "    featureType:                timeSeries\n",
       "    proj4:                      +proj=lcc +units=m +a=6370000.0 +b=6370000.0 ...\n",
       "    model_initialization_time:  2022-10-17_00:00:00\n",
       "    station_dimension:          feature_id\n",
       "    model_output_valid_time:    2022-10-17_01:00:00\n",
       "    ...                         ...\n",
       "    model_configuration:        short_range\n",
       "    dev_OVRTSWCRT:              1\n",
       "    dev_NOAH_TIMESTEP:          3600\n",
       "    dev_channel_only:           0\n",
       "    dev_channelBucket_only:     0\n",
       "    dev:                        dev_ prefix indicates development/internal me...</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.Dataset</div></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-2737a459-ad7d-4908-860c-199ded9fcec8' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox' disabled ><label for='section-2737a459-ad7d-4908-860c-199ded9fcec8' class='xr-section-summary'  title='Expand/collapse section'>Dimensions:</label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span>: 1</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>reference_time</span>: 1</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>feature_id</span>: 2776738</li></ul></div><div class='xr-section-details'></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-993cea29-aac3-4111-918a-8fedd305e81a' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-993cea29-aac3-4111-918a-8fedd305e81a' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(3)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>datetime64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>2022-10-17T01:00:00</div><input id='attrs-c3f35e63-0e6a-464a-9cc3-6e016fb3ea50' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-c3f35e63-0e6a-464a-9cc3-6e016fb3ea50' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-82b98e03-d57d-420c-9ff5-1d5f0d30fa82' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-82b98e03-d57d-420c-9ff5-1d5f0d30fa82' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>valid output time</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>time</dd><dt><span>valid_min :</span></dt><dd>27766140</dd><dt><span>valid_max :</span></dt><dd>27767160</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;2022-10-17T01:00:00.000000000&#x27;], dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>reference_time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(reference_time)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>datetime64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>2022-10-17</div><input id='attrs-2aab1e02-eac2-440b-9b47-2e19ad287820' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-2aab1e02-eac2-440b-9b47-2e19ad287820' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-887e051f-fddf-4517-be2d-787584c91218' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-887e051f-fddf-4517-be2d-787584c91218' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>model initialization time</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>forecast_reference_time</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;2022-10-17T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;], dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>feature_id</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>int32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>101 179 ... 1180001803 1180001804</div><input id='attrs-94837462-d76c-4608-afe6-4f6e42cabfc8' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-94837462-d76c-4608-afe6-4f6e42cabfc8' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-233f1205-ce40-41da-9030-0484eb96d12a' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-233f1205-ce40-41da-9030-0484eb96d12a' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Reach ID</dd><dt><span>comment :</span></dt><dd>NHDPlusv2 ComIDs within CONUS, arbitrary Reach IDs outside of CONUS</dd><dt><span>cf_role :</span></dt><dd>timeseries_id</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([       101,        179,        181, ..., 1180001802, 1180001803,\n",
       "       1180001804], dtype=int32)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-a21d89a3-f26f-4ae5-a61a-2a026b7ff560' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-a21d89a3-f26f-4ae5-a61a-2a026b7ff560' class='xr-section-summary' >Data variables: <span>(7)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>crs</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>()</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>|S1</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-e31ef212-077b-40f2-8888-3cb7154d93e4' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-e31ef212-077b-40f2-8888-3cb7154d93e4' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-cb6667fb-bb14-4b69-96b9-efc5af63b8a2' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-cb6667fb-bb14-4b69-96b9-efc5af63b8a2' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>transform_name :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping_name :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>esri_pe_string :</span></dt><dd>GEOGCS[&quot;GCS_WGS_1984&quot;,DATUM[&quot;D_WGS_1984&quot;,SPHEROID[&quot;WGS_1984&quot;,6378137.0,298.257223563]],PRIMEM[&quot;Greenwich&quot;,0.0],UNIT[&quot;Degree&quot;,0.0174532925199433]];-400 -400 1000000000;-100000 10000;-100000 10000;8.98315284119521E-09;0.001;0.001;IsHighPrecision</dd><dt><span>spatial_ref :</span></dt><dd>GEOGCS[&quot;GCS_WGS_1984&quot;,DATUM[&quot;D_WGS_1984&quot;,SPHEROID[&quot;WGS_1984&quot;,6378137.0,298.257223563]],PRIMEM[&quot;Greenwich&quot;,0.0],UNIT[&quot;Degree&quot;,0.0174532925199433]];-400 -400 1000000000;-100000 10000;-100000 10000;8.98315284119521E-09;0.001;0.001;IsHighPrecision</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>CRS definition</dd><dt><span>longitude_of_prime_meridian :</span></dt><dd>0.0</dd><dt><span>_CoordinateAxes :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>semi_major_axis :</span></dt><dd>6378137.0</dd><dt><span>semi_minor_axis :</span></dt><dd>6356752.5</dd><dt><span>inverse_flattening :</span></dt><dd>298.25723</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array(b&#x27;&#x27;, dtype=&#x27;|S1&#x27;)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>streamflow</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-97e89d28-c4c2-4175-8494-c055010dd613' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-97e89d28-c4c2-4175-8494-c055010dd613' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-ad14c304-d86b-438f-902e-d7576b5cdcdd' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-ad14c304-d86b-438f-902e-d7576b5cdcdd' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>River Flow</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m3 s-1</dd><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[      0 5000000]</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[2776738 values with dtype=float64]</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>nudge</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-7dae599f-0861-4a4a-b025-0c1458c9cfe3' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-7dae599f-0861-4a4a-b025-0c1458c9cfe3' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-5bbfd101-636f-4ad0-a01e-f87199a0df5a' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-5bbfd101-636f-4ad0-a01e-f87199a0df5a' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Amount of stream flow alteration</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m3 s-1</dd><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[-5000000  5000000]</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[2776738 values with dtype=float64]</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>velocity</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-0515600b-fe6a-4e50-8939-ea5683a7c81a' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-0515600b-fe6a-4e50-8939-ea5683a7c81a' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-4b089d93-32c6-4009-ab01-77cf3d985508' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-4b089d93-32c6-4009-ab01-77cf3d985508' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>River Velocity</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m s-1</dd><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[      0 5000000]</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[2776738 values with dtype=float64]</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>qSfcLatRunoff</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-7ab81a4e-d918-4b76-800f-bccdb365a742' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-7ab81a4e-d918-4b76-800f-bccdb365a742' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-ecbf63b9-6171-42a8-a85a-f7d5d6db8ee1' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-ecbf63b9-6171-42a8-a85a-f7d5d6db8ee1' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Runoff from terrain routing</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m3 s-1</dd><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[         0 2000000000]</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[2776738 values with dtype=float64]</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>qBucket</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-4da19324-1ddd-43dd-8093-b0d27a548de2' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-4da19324-1ddd-43dd-8093-b0d27a548de2' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-c52196e7-70bc-4eb5-898a-e0042e036899' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-c52196e7-70bc-4eb5-898a-e0042e036899' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Flux from gw bucket</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m3 s-1</dd><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[         0 2000000000]</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[2776738 values with dtype=float64]</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>qBtmVertRunoff</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-ce4a6e56-fa82-4261-9839-49ce5f7df127' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-ce4a6e56-fa82-4261-9839-49ce5f7df127' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-a28acc60-8417-4f43-bd36-028059447839' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-a28acc60-8417-4f43-bd36-028059447839' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Runoff from bottom of soil to bucket</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m3</dd><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[       0 20000000]</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[2776738 values with dtype=float64]</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-9dfc13d6-6362-40cc-858a-e5a1badea4be' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-9dfc13d6-6362-40cc-858a-e5a1badea4be' class='xr-section-summary' >Attributes: <span>(19)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>TITLE :</span></dt><dd>OUTPUT FROM NWM v2.2</dd><dt><span>featureType :</span></dt><dd>timeSeries</dd><dt><span>proj4 :</span></dt><dd>+proj=lcc +units=m +a=6370000.0 +b=6370000.0 +lat_1=30.0 +lat_2=60.0 +lat_0=40.0 +lon_0=-97.0 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +k_0=1.0 +nadgrids=@</dd><dt><span>model_initialization_time :</span></dt><dd>2022-10-17_00:00:00</dd><dt><span>station_dimension :</span></dt><dd>feature_id</dd><dt><span>model_output_valid_time :</span></dt><dd>2022-10-17_01:00:00</dd><dt><span>model_total_valid_times :</span></dt><dd>18</dd><dt><span>stream_order_output :</span></dt><dd>1</dd><dt><span>cdm_datatype :</span></dt><dd>Station</dd><dt><span>Conventions :</span></dt><dd>CF-1.6</dd><dt><span>code_version :</span></dt><dd>v5.2.0-beta2</dd><dt><span>NWM_version_number :</span></dt><dd>v2.2</dd><dt><span>model_output_type :</span></dt><dd>channel_rt</dd><dt><span>model_configuration :</span></dt><dd>short_range</dd><dt><span>dev_OVRTSWCRT :</span></dt><dd>1</dd><dt><span>dev_NOAH_TIMESTEP :</span></dt><dd>3600</dd><dt><span>dev_channel_only :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>dev_channelBucket_only :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>dev :</span></dt><dd>dev_ prefix indicates development/internal meta data</dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.Dataset>\n",
       "Dimensions:         (time: 1, reference_time: 1, feature_id: 2776738)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * time            (time) datetime64[ns] 2022-10-17T01:00:00\n",
       "  * reference_time  (reference_time) datetime64[ns] 2022-10-17\n",
       "  * feature_id      (feature_id) int32 101 179 181 ... 1180001803 1180001804\n",
       "Data variables:\n",
       "    crs             |S1 ...\n",
       "    streamflow      (feature_id) float64 ...\n",
       "    nudge           (feature_id) float64 ...\n",
       "    velocity        (feature_id) float64 ...\n",
       "    qSfcLatRunoff   (feature_id) float64 ...\n",
       "    qBucket         (feature_id) float64 ...\n",
       "    qBtmVertRunoff  (feature_id) float64 ...\n",
       "Attributes: (12/19)\n",
       "    TITLE:                      OUTPUT FROM NWM v2.2\n",
       "    featureType:                timeSeries\n",
       "    proj4:                      +proj=lcc +units=m +a=6370000.0 +b=6370000.0 ...\n",
       "    model_initialization_time:  2022-10-17_00:00:00\n",
       "    station_dimension:          feature_id\n",
       "    model_output_valid_time:    2022-10-17_01:00:00\n",
       "    ...                         ...\n",
       "    model_configuration:        short_range\n",
       "    dev_OVRTSWCRT:              1\n",
       "    dev_NOAH_TIMESTEP:          3600\n",
       "    dev_channel_only:           0\n",
       "    dev_channelBucket_only:     0\n",
       "    dev:                        dev_ prefix indicates development/internal me..."
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ds = xr.open_dataset(f'{PREDICTIONS_DATADIR}/nwm.t00z.short_range.channel_rt.f001.conus.nc')\n",
    "ds"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "id": "5404bbf8",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt {\n",
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       "\n",
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       "\n",
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       ".xr-icon-database,\n",
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       "  vertical-align: middle;\n",
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       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.DataArray &#x27;streamflow&#x27; (time: 18, feature_id: 2776738)&gt;\n",
       "dask.array&lt;concatenate, shape=(18, 2776738), dtype=float64, chunksize=(1, 2776738), chunktype=numpy.ndarray&gt;\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * time        (time) datetime64[ns] 2022-10-17T01:00:00 ... 2022-10-17T18:0...\n",
       "  * feature_id  (feature_id) int32 101 179 181 ... 1180001803 1180001804\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    long_name:     River Flow\n",
       "    units:         m3 s-1\n",
       "    coordinates:   latitude longitude\n",
       "    grid_mapping:  crs\n",
       "    valid_range:   [      0 5000000]</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.DataArray</div><div class='xr-array-name'>'streamflow'</div><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span>: 18</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>feature_id</span>: 2776738</li></ul></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><div class='xr-array-wrap'><input id='section-75ebcbf7-7dbb-4458-bfad-41cdb950cd55' class='xr-array-in' type='checkbox' checked><label for='section-75ebcbf7-7dbb-4458-bfad-41cdb950cd55' title='Show/hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-array-preview xr-preview'><span>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</span></div><div class='xr-array-data'><table>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
       "            <table>\n",
       "                <thead>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <td> </td>\n",
       "                        <th> Array </th>\n",
       "                        <th> Chunk </th>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </thead>\n",
       "                <tbody>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Bytes </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 381.33 MiB </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 21.18 MiB </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Shape </th>\n",
       "                        <td> (18, 2776738) </td>\n",
       "                        <td> (1, 2776738) </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Count </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 72 Tasks </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 18 Chunks </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
       "                    <td> float64 </td>\n",
       "                    <td> numpy.ndarray </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </tbody>\n",
       "            </table>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
       "        <svg width=\"170\" height=\"75\" style=\"stroke:rgb(0,0,0);stroke-width:1\" >\n",
       "\n",
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       "\n",
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       "\n",
       "  <!-- Text -->\n",
       "  <text x=\"60.000000\" y=\"45.412617\" font-size=\"1.0rem\" font-weight=\"100\" text-anchor=\"middle\" >2776738</text>\n",
       "  <text x=\"140.000000\" y=\"12.706308\" font-size=\"1.0rem\" font-weight=\"100\" text-anchor=\"middle\" transform=\"rotate(0,140.000000,12.706308)\">18</text>\n",
       "</svg>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "</table></div></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-517cb08d-cd9f-4651-95ce-67d81441a14c' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-517cb08d-cd9f-4651-95ce-67d81441a14c' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(2)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>datetime64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>2022-10-17T01:00:00 ... 2022-10-...</div><input id='attrs-85a03076-dbda-44e9-b89d-2c4113257197' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-85a03076-dbda-44e9-b89d-2c4113257197' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-93ea5051-8663-4a2d-aaea-5fc515916c04' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-93ea5051-8663-4a2d-aaea-5fc515916c04' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>valid output time</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>time</dd><dt><span>valid_min :</span></dt><dd>27766140</dd><dt><span>valid_max :</span></dt><dd>27767160</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;2022-10-17T01:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T02:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T03:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T04:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T05:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T06:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T07:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T08:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T09:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T10:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T11:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T12:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T13:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T14:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T15:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T16:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T17:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T18:00:00.000000000&#x27;],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>feature_id</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>int32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>101 179 ... 1180001803 1180001804</div><input id='attrs-ea753673-b1a9-4e25-b4e9-b54a8aa8758c' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-ea753673-b1a9-4e25-b4e9-b54a8aa8758c' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-755e287d-389b-4acb-8069-cac3facb26da' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-755e287d-389b-4acb-8069-cac3facb26da' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Reach ID</dd><dt><span>comment :</span></dt><dd>NHDPlusv2 ComIDs within CONUS, arbitrary Reach IDs outside of CONUS</dd><dt><span>cf_role :</span></dt><dd>timeseries_id</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([       101,        179,        181, ..., 1180001802, 1180001803,\n",
       "       1180001804], dtype=int32)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-1cb70a41-11cb-46eb-8c79-f216e83c79b5' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-1cb70a41-11cb-46eb-8c79-f216e83c79b5' class='xr-section-summary' >Attributes: <span>(5)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>River Flow</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m3 s-1</dd><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[      0 5000000]</dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.DataArray 'streamflow' (time: 18, feature_id: 2776738)>\n",
       "dask.array<concatenate, shape=(18, 2776738), dtype=float64, chunksize=(1, 2776738), chunktype=numpy.ndarray>\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * time        (time) datetime64[ns] 2022-10-17T01:00:00 ... 2022-10-17T18:0...\n",
       "  * feature_id  (feature_id) int32 101 179 181 ... 1180001803 1180001804\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    long_name:     River Flow\n",
       "    units:         m3 s-1\n",
       "    coordinates:   latitude longitude\n",
       "    grid_mapping:  crs\n",
       "    valid_range:   [      0 5000000]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ds.streamflow"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "id": "85446f72",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0xffff3ef80640>]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 24,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {
      "needs_background": "light"
     },
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ds['streamflow'].plot()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "8b8bf278",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Convert to Zarr\n",
    "\n",
    "Let's open the entire dataset, using [recommendations from XArray on reading multiple NetCDF files](https://docs.xarray.dev/en/stable/user-guide/io.html#reading-multi-file-datasets).\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "id": "8fae1f50",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "CPU times: user 1.58 s, sys: 435 ms, total: 2.02 s\n",
      "Wall time: 1.23 s\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div><svg style=\"position: absolute; width: 0; height: 0; overflow: hidden\">\n",
       "<defs>\n",
       "<symbol id=\"icon-database\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\">\n",
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       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.Dataset&gt;\n",
       "Dimensions:         (time: 18, reference_time: 1, feature_id: 2776738)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * time            (time) datetime64[ns] 2022-10-17T01:00:00 ... 2022-10-17T...\n",
       "  * reference_time  (reference_time) datetime64[ns] 2022-10-17\n",
       "  * feature_id      (feature_id) int32 101 179 181 ... 1180001803 1180001804\n",
       "Data variables:\n",
       "    crs             (time) |S1 b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; ... b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27;\n",
       "    streamflow      (time, feature_id) float64 dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray&gt;\n",
       "    nudge           (time, feature_id) float64 dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray&gt;\n",
       "    velocity        (time, feature_id) float64 dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray&gt;\n",
       "    qSfcLatRunoff   (time, feature_id) float64 dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray&gt;\n",
       "    qBucket         (time, feature_id) float64 dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray&gt;\n",
       "    qBtmVertRunoff  (time, feature_id) float64 dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray&gt;\n",
       "Attributes: (12/19)\n",
       "    TITLE:                      OUTPUT FROM NWM v2.2\n",
       "    featureType:                timeSeries\n",
       "    proj4:                      +proj=lcc +units=m +a=6370000.0 +b=6370000.0 ...\n",
       "    model_initialization_time:  2022-10-17_00:00:00\n",
       "    station_dimension:          feature_id\n",
       "    model_output_valid_time:    2022-10-17_01:00:00\n",
       "    ...                         ...\n",
       "    model_configuration:        short_range\n",
       "    dev_OVRTSWCRT:              1\n",
       "    dev_NOAH_TIMESTEP:          3600\n",
       "    dev_channel_only:           0\n",
       "    dev_channelBucket_only:     0\n",
       "    dev:                        dev_ prefix indicates development/internal me...</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.Dataset</div></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-3e2da5f5-d019-4976-9a2e-1f343398b730' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox' disabled ><label for='section-3e2da5f5-d019-4976-9a2e-1f343398b730' class='xr-section-summary'  title='Expand/collapse section'>Dimensions:</label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span>: 18</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>reference_time</span>: 1</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>feature_id</span>: 2776738</li></ul></div><div class='xr-section-details'></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-b52829aa-020f-4128-a458-788dde9a2d08' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-b52829aa-020f-4128-a458-788dde9a2d08' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(3)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>datetime64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>2022-10-17T01:00:00 ... 2022-10-...</div><input id='attrs-2c67d4cf-d3a6-452b-aaa6-34d62ef0c1ae' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-2c67d4cf-d3a6-452b-aaa6-34d62ef0c1ae' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-faeeffbc-f5b4-4426-ba1b-e00f4f85561d' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-faeeffbc-f5b4-4426-ba1b-e00f4f85561d' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>valid output time</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>time</dd><dt><span>valid_min :</span></dt><dd>27766140</dd><dt><span>valid_max :</span></dt><dd>27767160</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;2022-10-17T01:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T02:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T03:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T04:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T05:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T06:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T07:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T08:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T09:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T10:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T11:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T12:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T13:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T14:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T15:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T16:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T17:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T18:00:00.000000000&#x27;],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>reference_time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(reference_time)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>datetime64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>2022-10-17</div><input id='attrs-d3e89d80-4c1e-45eb-a9e0-1b73ca351ce2' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-d3e89d80-4c1e-45eb-a9e0-1b73ca351ce2' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-96519896-b98c-4c27-99ce-01a4772825ee' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-96519896-b98c-4c27-99ce-01a4772825ee' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>model initialization time</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>forecast_reference_time</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;2022-10-17T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;], dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>feature_id</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>int32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>101 179 ... 1180001803 1180001804</div><input id='attrs-c5dd08fb-7ebd-47ea-9703-a7cd0bf71e1f' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-c5dd08fb-7ebd-47ea-9703-a7cd0bf71e1f' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-5c2c6d09-33d7-4375-b51a-4a4cb9b6cba9' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-5c2c6d09-33d7-4375-b51a-4a4cb9b6cba9' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Reach ID</dd><dt><span>comment :</span></dt><dd>NHDPlusv2 ComIDs within CONUS, arbitrary Reach IDs outside of CONUS</dd><dt><span>cf_role :</span></dt><dd>timeseries_id</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([       101,        179,        181, ..., 1180001802, 1180001803,\n",
       "       1180001804], dtype=int32)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-c9d581f5-101c-4d59-8056-35ec1fb957aa' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-c9d581f5-101c-4d59-8056-35ec1fb957aa' class='xr-section-summary' >Data variables: <span>(7)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>crs</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>|S1</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; ... b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27;</div><input id='attrs-6cade1df-a081-4a08-8fc3-853eb4c8dd64' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-6cade1df-a081-4a08-8fc3-853eb4c8dd64' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-c96482e4-6bf4-4cf0-90a9-5b20ca04d329' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-c96482e4-6bf4-4cf0-90a9-5b20ca04d329' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>transform_name :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping_name :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>esri_pe_string :</span></dt><dd>GEOGCS[&quot;GCS_WGS_1984&quot;,DATUM[&quot;D_WGS_1984&quot;,SPHEROID[&quot;WGS_1984&quot;,6378137.0,298.257223563]],PRIMEM[&quot;Greenwich&quot;,0.0],UNIT[&quot;Degree&quot;,0.0174532925199433]];-400 -400 1000000000;-100000 10000;-100000 10000;8.98315284119521E-09;0.001;0.001;IsHighPrecision</dd><dt><span>spatial_ref :</span></dt><dd>GEOGCS[&quot;GCS_WGS_1984&quot;,DATUM[&quot;D_WGS_1984&quot;,SPHEROID[&quot;WGS_1984&quot;,6378137.0,298.257223563]],PRIMEM[&quot;Greenwich&quot;,0.0],UNIT[&quot;Degree&quot;,0.0174532925199433]];-400 -400 1000000000;-100000 10000;-100000 10000;8.98315284119521E-09;0.001;0.001;IsHighPrecision</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>CRS definition</dd><dt><span>longitude_of_prime_meridian :</span></dt><dd>0.0</dd><dt><span>_CoordinateAxes :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>semi_major_axis :</span></dt><dd>6378137.0</dd><dt><span>semi_minor_axis :</span></dt><dd>6356752.5</dd><dt><span>inverse_flattening :</span></dt><dd>298.25723</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;,\n",
       "       b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;], dtype=&#x27;|S1&#x27;)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>streamflow</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</div><input id='attrs-92de8b8e-bdaf-47ff-9943-8194e7231a7c' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-92de8b8e-bdaf-47ff-9943-8194e7231a7c' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-df38be99-fe0d-4345-a834-df10f7e82b4a' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-df38be99-fe0d-4345-a834-df10f7e82b4a' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>River Flow</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m3 s-1</dd><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[      0 5000000]</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><table>\n",
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       "                        <th> Bytes </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 381.33 MiB </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 21.18 MiB </td>\n",
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       "                        <th> Shape </th>\n",
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       "                        <td> (1, 2776738) </td>\n",
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       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Count </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 72 Tasks </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 18 Chunks </td>\n",
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       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
       "                    <td> float64 </td>\n",
       "                    <td> numpy.ndarray </td>\n",
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       "    </tr>\n",
       "</table></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>nudge</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</div><input id='attrs-dd59ff88-9a68-42a2-8550-6275326ebbf2' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-dd59ff88-9a68-42a2-8550-6275326ebbf2' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-708d8204-d183-4ce3-828c-993ddcc9e7fd' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-708d8204-d183-4ce3-828c-993ddcc9e7fd' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Amount of stream flow alteration</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m3 s-1</dd><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[-5000000  5000000]</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><table>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
       "            <table>\n",
       "                <thead>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <td> </td>\n",
       "                        <th> Array </th>\n",
       "                        <th> Chunk </th>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </thead>\n",
       "                <tbody>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Bytes </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 381.33 MiB </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 21.18 MiB </td>\n",
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       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Shape </th>\n",
       "                        <td> (18, 2776738) </td>\n",
       "                        <td> (1, 2776738) </td>\n",
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       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Count </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 72 Tasks </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 18 Chunks </td>\n",
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       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
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       "</table></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>velocity</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</div><input id='attrs-f0ea47ca-6364-4aa5-aa79-5f51e666659a' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-f0ea47ca-6364-4aa5-aa79-5f51e666659a' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-6f3fd7b8-230f-4d78-b67a-7580061df3d8' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-6f3fd7b8-230f-4d78-b67a-7580061df3d8' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>River Velocity</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m s-1</dd><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[      0 5000000]</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><table>\n",
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       "                        <td> 381.33 MiB </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 21.18 MiB </td>\n",
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       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Shape </th>\n",
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       "                        <td> (1, 2776738) </td>\n",
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       "                        <th> Count </th>\n",
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       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
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       "  <text x=\"140.000000\" y=\"12.706308\" font-size=\"1.0rem\" font-weight=\"100\" text-anchor=\"middle\" transform=\"rotate(0,140.000000,12.706308)\">18</text>\n",
       "</svg>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "</table></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>qSfcLatRunoff</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</div><input id='attrs-a85949f8-05fd-4560-bee2-7c18059fc269' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-a85949f8-05fd-4560-bee2-7c18059fc269' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-d48d999b-4dbf-448f-80d6-40429fdcd4f3' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-d48d999b-4dbf-448f-80d6-40429fdcd4f3' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Runoff from terrain routing</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m3 s-1</dd><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[         0 2000000000]</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><table>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
       "            <table>\n",
       "                <thead>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <td> </td>\n",
       "                        <th> Array </th>\n",
       "                        <th> Chunk </th>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </thead>\n",
       "                <tbody>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Bytes </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 381.33 MiB </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 21.18 MiB </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Shape </th>\n",
       "                        <td> (18, 2776738) </td>\n",
       "                        <td> (1, 2776738) </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Count </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 72 Tasks </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 18 Chunks </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
       "                    <td> float64 </td>\n",
       "                    <td> numpy.ndarray </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </tbody>\n",
       "            </table>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
       "        <svg width=\"170\" height=\"75\" style=\"stroke:rgb(0,0,0);stroke-width:1\" >\n",
       "\n",
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       "  <line x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"120\" y2=\"0\" style=\"stroke-width:2\" />\n",
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       "  <line x1=\"0\" y1=\"25\" x2=\"120\" y2=\"25\" style=\"stroke-width:2\" />\n",
       "\n",
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       "</svg>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "</table></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>qBucket</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</div><input id='attrs-fd11a993-be28-45c3-b4a0-27c54e2d3c73' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-fd11a993-be28-45c3-b4a0-27c54e2d3c73' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-b30fbe2b-6764-479b-ac0d-c19864f10d42' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-b30fbe2b-6764-479b-ac0d-c19864f10d42' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Flux from gw bucket</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m3 s-1</dd><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[         0 2000000000]</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><table>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
       "            <table>\n",
       "                <thead>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <td> </td>\n",
       "                        <th> Array </th>\n",
       "                        <th> Chunk </th>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </thead>\n",
       "                <tbody>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Bytes </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 381.33 MiB </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 21.18 MiB </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Shape </th>\n",
       "                        <td> (18, 2776738) </td>\n",
       "                        <td> (1, 2776738) </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Count </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 72 Tasks </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 18 Chunks </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
       "                    <td> float64 </td>\n",
       "                    <td> numpy.ndarray </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </tbody>\n",
       "            </table>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
       "        <svg width=\"170\" height=\"75\" style=\"stroke:rgb(0,0,0);stroke-width:1\" >\n",
       "\n",
       "  <!-- Horizontal lines -->\n",
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       "  <line x1=\"0\" y1=\"25\" x2=\"120\" y2=\"25\" style=\"stroke-width:2\" />\n",
       "\n",
       "  <!-- Vertical lines -->\n",
       "  <line x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"0\" y2=\"25\" style=\"stroke-width:2\" />\n",
       "  <line x1=\"120\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"120\" y2=\"25\" style=\"stroke-width:2\" />\n",
       "\n",
       "  <!-- Colored Rectangle -->\n",
       "  <polygon points=\"0.0,0.0 120.0,0.0 120.0,25.412616514582485 0.0,25.412616514582485\" style=\"fill:#ECB172A0;stroke-width:0\"/>\n",
       "\n",
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       "</svg>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "</table></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>qBtmVertRunoff</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</div><input id='attrs-e2d8e4ab-a5d3-4bb3-bc89-c56e1fc1e556' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-e2d8e4ab-a5d3-4bb3-bc89-c56e1fc1e556' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-0c1149e8-1770-42fb-9e6c-7d689c3ab5ad' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-0c1149e8-1770-42fb-9e6c-7d689c3ab5ad' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Runoff from bottom of soil to bucket</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m3</dd><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[       0 20000000]</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><table>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
       "            <table>\n",
       "                <thead>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <td> </td>\n",
       "                        <th> Array </th>\n",
       "                        <th> Chunk </th>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </thead>\n",
       "                <tbody>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Bytes </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 381.33 MiB </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 21.18 MiB </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Shape </th>\n",
       "                        <td> (18, 2776738) </td>\n",
       "                        <td> (1, 2776738) </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Count </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 72 Tasks </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 18 Chunks </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
       "                    <td> float64 </td>\n",
       "                    <td> numpy.ndarray </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </tbody>\n",
       "            </table>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
       "        <svg width=\"170\" height=\"75\" style=\"stroke:rgb(0,0,0);stroke-width:1\" >\n",
       "\n",
       "  <!-- Horizontal lines -->\n",
       "  <line x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"120\" y2=\"0\" style=\"stroke-width:2\" />\n",
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       "\n",
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       "\n",
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       "\n",
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       "</svg>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "</table></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-ce905654-697f-4d9b-b03c-da49bf0feefb' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-ce905654-697f-4d9b-b03c-da49bf0feefb' class='xr-section-summary' >Attributes: <span>(19)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>TITLE :</span></dt><dd>OUTPUT FROM NWM v2.2</dd><dt><span>featureType :</span></dt><dd>timeSeries</dd><dt><span>proj4 :</span></dt><dd>+proj=lcc +units=m +a=6370000.0 +b=6370000.0 +lat_1=30.0 +lat_2=60.0 +lat_0=40.0 +lon_0=-97.0 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +k_0=1.0 +nadgrids=@</dd><dt><span>model_initialization_time :</span></dt><dd>2022-10-17_00:00:00</dd><dt><span>station_dimension :</span></dt><dd>feature_id</dd><dt><span>model_output_valid_time :</span></dt><dd>2022-10-17_01:00:00</dd><dt><span>model_total_valid_times :</span></dt><dd>18</dd><dt><span>stream_order_output :</span></dt><dd>1</dd><dt><span>cdm_datatype :</span></dt><dd>Station</dd><dt><span>Conventions :</span></dt><dd>CF-1.6</dd><dt><span>code_version :</span></dt><dd>v5.2.0-beta2</dd><dt><span>NWM_version_number :</span></dt><dd>v2.2</dd><dt><span>model_output_type :</span></dt><dd>channel_rt</dd><dt><span>model_configuration :</span></dt><dd>short_range</dd><dt><span>dev_OVRTSWCRT :</span></dt><dd>1</dd><dt><span>dev_NOAH_TIMESTEP :</span></dt><dd>3600</dd><dt><span>dev_channel_only :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>dev_channelBucket_only :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>dev :</span></dt><dd>dev_ prefix indicates development/internal meta data</dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.Dataset>\n",
       "Dimensions:         (time: 18, reference_time: 1, feature_id: 2776738)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * time            (time) datetime64[ns] 2022-10-17T01:00:00 ... 2022-10-17T...\n",
       "  * reference_time  (reference_time) datetime64[ns] 2022-10-17\n",
       "  * feature_id      (feature_id) int32 101 179 181 ... 1180001803 1180001804\n",
       "Data variables:\n",
       "    crs             (time) |S1 b'' b'' b'' b'' b'' b'' ... b'' b'' b'' b'' b''\n",
       "    streamflow      (time, feature_id) float64 dask.array<chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray>\n",
       "    nudge           (time, feature_id) float64 dask.array<chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray>\n",
       "    velocity        (time, feature_id) float64 dask.array<chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray>\n",
       "    qSfcLatRunoff   (time, feature_id) float64 dask.array<chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray>\n",
       "    qBucket         (time, feature_id) float64 dask.array<chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray>\n",
       "    qBtmVertRunoff  (time, feature_id) float64 dask.array<chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray>\n",
       "Attributes: (12/19)\n",
       "    TITLE:                      OUTPUT FROM NWM v2.2\n",
       "    featureType:                timeSeries\n",
       "    proj4:                      +proj=lcc +units=m +a=6370000.0 +b=6370000.0 ...\n",
       "    model_initialization_time:  2022-10-17_00:00:00\n",
       "    station_dimension:          feature_id\n",
       "    model_output_valid_time:    2022-10-17_01:00:00\n",
       "    ...                         ...\n",
       "    model_configuration:        short_range\n",
       "    dev_OVRTSWCRT:              1\n",
       "    dev_NOAH_TIMESTEP:          3600\n",
       "    dev_channel_only:           0\n",
       "    dev_channelBucket_only:     0\n",
       "    dev:                        dev_ prefix indicates development/internal me..."
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%time\n",
    "ds = xr.open_mfdataset(f'{PREDICTIONS_DATADIR}/*.nc',\n",
    "                       parallel=True,\n",
    "                       engine='h5netcdf',\n",
    "                       concat_dim='time',\n",
    "                       combine='nested',\n",
    "#                        data_vars=['streamflow'],\n",
    "                       coords='minimal',\n",
    "                       compat='override'\n",
    "                      )\n",
    "ds"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "715cce27",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Now let's convert it to Zarr."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "id": "872dae61",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "CPU times: user 5.42 s, sys: 673 ms, total: 6.09 s\n",
      "Wall time: 3.09 s\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.backends.zarr.ZarrStore at 0xffff5b1bdf20>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%time\n",
    "ds.to_zarr(f'{PREDICTIONS_DATADIR}-channel_rt.zarr', mode='w')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "dea243e8",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Compare Dataset Sizes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "id": "54693017",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "209M\t/opt/data/nwm-predictions\r\n",
      "250M\t/opt/data/nwm-predictions-channel_rt.zarr\r\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!du -sh /opt/data/*"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "3296198f",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Check Data Correctness"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "id": "90362705",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "/opt/conda/lib/python3.9/site-packages/xarray/backends/plugins.py:110: RuntimeWarning: 'h5netcdf' fails while guessing\n",
      "  warnings.warn(f\"{engine!r} fails while guessing\", RuntimeWarning)\n",
      "/opt/conda/lib/python3.9/site-packages/xarray/backends/plugins.py:110: RuntimeWarning: 'scipy' fails while guessing\n",
      "  warnings.warn(f\"{engine!r} fails while guessing\", RuntimeWarning)\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dsz = xr.open_dataset(f'{PREDICTIONS_DATADIR}-channel_rt.zarr')\n",
    "\n",
    "all(np.allclose(ds[v].to_numpy(), dsz[v].to_numpy(), equal_nan=True)\n",
    "    for v in ds.data_vars.keys() if len(ds[v].shape) > 0)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "id": "4977f115",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.Dataset&gt;\n",
       "Dimensions:         (feature_id: 2776738, reference_time: 1, time: 18)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * feature_id      (feature_id) int32 101 179 181 ... 1180001803 1180001804\n",
       "  * reference_time  (reference_time) datetime64[ns] 2022-10-17\n",
       "  * time            (time) datetime64[ns] 2022-10-17T01:00:00 ... 2022-10-17T...\n",
       "Data variables:\n",
       "    crs             |S1 b&#x27;&#x27;\n",
       "    nudge           (feature_id) float64 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0\n",
       "    qBtmVertRunoff  (feature_id) float64 5.429 53.59 16.14 ... 1.014 1.784 2.521\n",
       "    qBucket         (feature_id) float64 0.00158 0.01361 ... 0.0005 0.00073\n",
       "    qSfcLatRunoff   (feature_id) float64 0.0 0.01936 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0\n",
       "    streamflow      (time, feature_id) float64 0.06 0.03 0.04 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0\n",
       "    velocity        (feature_id) float64 0.05 0.17 0.16 0.04 ... 0.03 0.01 0.04\n",
       "Attributes: (12/19)\n",
       "    Conventions:                CF-1.6\n",
       "    NWM_version_number:         v2.2\n",
       "    TITLE:                      OUTPUT FROM NWM v2.2\n",
       "    cdm_datatype:               Station\n",
       "    code_version:               v5.2.0-beta2\n",
       "    dev:                        dev_ prefix indicates development/internal me...\n",
       "    ...                         ...\n",
       "    model_output_type:          channel_rt\n",
       "    model_output_valid_time:    2022-10-17_01:00:00\n",
       "    model_total_valid_times:    18\n",
       "    proj4:                      +proj=lcc +units=m +a=6370000.0 +b=6370000.0 ...\n",
       "    station_dimension:          feature_id\n",
       "    stream_order_output:        1</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.Dataset</div></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-a0aa4d9d-937d-4799-a43a-2454f9279a61' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox' disabled ><label for='section-a0aa4d9d-937d-4799-a43a-2454f9279a61' class='xr-section-summary'  title='Expand/collapse section'>Dimensions:</label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>feature_id</span>: 2776738</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>reference_time</span>: 1</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span>: 18</li></ul></div><div class='xr-section-details'></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-f26b7cc8-09db-4400-90b0-1ee7768ac7b8' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-f26b7cc8-09db-4400-90b0-1ee7768ac7b8' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(3)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>feature_id</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>int32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>101 179 ... 1180001803 1180001804</div><input id='attrs-32aea08d-f3a4-43e3-9ee4-1616ba82b926' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-32aea08d-f3a4-43e3-9ee4-1616ba82b926' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-ecfef6d5-b100-46df-bcb7-7023c4956389' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-ecfef6d5-b100-46df-bcb7-7023c4956389' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>cf_role :</span></dt><dd>timeseries_id</dd><dt><span>comment :</span></dt><dd>NHDPlusv2 ComIDs within CONUS, arbitrary Reach IDs outside of CONUS</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Reach ID</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([       101,        179,        181, ..., 1180001802, 1180001803,\n",
       "       1180001804], dtype=int32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>reference_time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(reference_time)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>datetime64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>2022-10-17</div><input id='attrs-9877ad22-b240-4956-ab2d-1a14dac5ddcf' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-9877ad22-b240-4956-ab2d-1a14dac5ddcf' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-5cd62a2b-53cc-4a50-be9b-c741c42afea2' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-5cd62a2b-53cc-4a50-be9b-c741c42afea2' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>model initialization time</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>forecast_reference_time</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;2022-10-17T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;], dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>datetime64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>2022-10-17T01:00:00 ... 2022-10-...</div><input id='attrs-e884a811-381a-4911-9f44-4ba70b0bde10' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-e884a811-381a-4911-9f44-4ba70b0bde10' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-ed1477ba-87ba-4a9b-a381-837c4966078f' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-ed1477ba-87ba-4a9b-a381-837c4966078f' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>valid output time</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>time</dd><dt><span>valid_max :</span></dt><dd>27767160</dd><dt><span>valid_min :</span></dt><dd>27766140</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;2022-10-17T01:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T02:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T03:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T04:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T05:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T06:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T07:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T08:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T09:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T10:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T11:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T12:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T13:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T14:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T15:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T16:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T17:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T18:00:00.000000000&#x27;],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-2b624ddf-fcf9-41c9-8987-aafa8cf5c7b5' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-2b624ddf-fcf9-41c9-8987-aafa8cf5c7b5' class='xr-section-summary' >Data variables: <span>(7)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>crs</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>()</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>|S1</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-a5b8756c-7345-48ae-81db-1bd628c20797' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-a5b8756c-7345-48ae-81db-1bd628c20797' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-9ff7d59f-b7a3-4117-a79b-5943e7f6e575' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-9ff7d59f-b7a3-4117-a79b-5943e7f6e575' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>_CoordinateAxes :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>esri_pe_string :</span></dt><dd>GEOGCS[&quot;GCS_WGS_1984&quot;,DATUM[&quot;D_WGS_1984&quot;,SPHEROID[&quot;WGS_1984&quot;,6378137.0,298.257223563]],PRIMEM[&quot;Greenwich&quot;,0.0],UNIT[&quot;Degree&quot;,0.0174532925199433]];-400 -400 1000000000;-100000 10000;-100000 10000;8.98315284119521E-09;0.001;0.001;IsHighPrecision</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping_name :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>inverse_flattening :</span></dt><dd>298.2572326660156</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>CRS definition</dd><dt><span>longitude_of_prime_meridian :</span></dt><dd>0.0</dd><dt><span>semi_major_axis :</span></dt><dd>6378137.0</dd><dt><span>semi_minor_axis :</span></dt><dd>6356752.5</dd><dt><span>spatial_ref :</span></dt><dd>GEOGCS[&quot;GCS_WGS_1984&quot;,DATUM[&quot;D_WGS_1984&quot;,SPHEROID[&quot;WGS_1984&quot;,6378137.0,298.257223563]],PRIMEM[&quot;Greenwich&quot;,0.0],UNIT[&quot;Degree&quot;,0.0174532925199433]];-400 -400 1000000000;-100000 10000;-100000 10000;8.98315284119521E-09;0.001;0.001;IsHighPrecision</dd><dt><span>transform_name :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array(b&#x27;&#x27;, dtype=&#x27;|S1&#x27;)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>nudge</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0</div><input id='attrs-a8730759-cc70-42f4-a31f-23b4a47d5076' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-a8730759-cc70-42f4-a31f-23b4a47d5076' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-9f46f057-a99e-41c7-9a8f-e2b8377a8bec' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-9f46f057-a99e-41c7-9a8f-e2b8377a8bec' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Amount of stream flow alteration</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m3 s-1</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[-5000000, 5000000]</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>qBtmVertRunoff</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>5.429 53.59 16.14 ... 1.784 2.521</div><input id='attrs-eb32f84e-e539-4cdf-98d3-454643143b73' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-eb32f84e-e539-4cdf-98d3-454643143b73' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-a7b484e2-a32f-43b4-baa9-34c44a15133a' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-a7b484e2-a32f-43b4-baa9-34c44a15133a' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Runoff from bottom of soil to bucket</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m3</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[0, 20000000]</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([ 5.429   , 53.589003, 16.139001, ...,  1.014   ,  1.784   ,  2.521   ])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>qBucket</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>0.00158 0.01361 ... 0.0005 0.00073</div><input id='attrs-bdae33dc-a59b-4f0a-b88c-2947f844c53e' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-bdae33dc-a59b-4f0a-b88c-2947f844c53e' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-52a2f1eb-d868-4e48-935e-8c659475c875' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-52a2f1eb-d868-4e48-935e-8c659475c875' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Flux from gw bucket</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m3 s-1</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[0, 2000000000]</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([0.00158, 0.01361, 0.00506, ..., 0.00028, 0.0005 , 0.00073])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>qSfcLatRunoff</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>0.0 0.01936 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0</div><input id='attrs-2f8019aa-01a5-4cd6-b20e-42f315ce94ca' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-2f8019aa-01a5-4cd6-b20e-42f315ce94ca' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-46d2ea6d-d0a2-421c-8670-8c61b282e465' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-46d2ea6d-d0a2-421c-8670-8c61b282e465' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Runoff from terrain routing</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m3 s-1</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[0, 2000000000]</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([0.     , 0.01936, 0.     , ..., 0.     , 0.     , 0.     ])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>streamflow</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>0.06 0.03 0.04 0.11 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0</div><input id='attrs-eca7c826-f259-4313-aaaa-837fa17e8980' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-eca7c826-f259-4313-aaaa-837fa17e8980' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-90a908bf-94e2-4191-a477-4a14d06f0cb2' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-90a908bf-94e2-4191-a477-4a14d06f0cb2' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>River Flow</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m3 s-1</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[0, 5000000]</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([[0.06, 0.03, 0.04, ..., 0.  , 0.  , 0.  ],\n",
       "       [0.06, 0.03, 0.04, ..., 0.  , 0.  , 0.  ],\n",
       "       [0.06, 0.02, 0.03, ..., 0.  , 0.  , 0.  ],\n",
       "       ...,\n",
       "       [0.07, 0.03, 0.04, ..., 0.  , 0.  , 0.  ],\n",
       "       [0.07, 0.02, 0.03, ..., 0.  , 0.  , 0.  ],\n",
       "       [0.07, 0.03, 0.03, ..., 0.  , 0.  , 0.  ]])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>velocity</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>0.05 0.17 0.16 ... 0.03 0.01 0.04</div><input id='attrs-20ab1278-dbe7-4b82-ad82-1f511d99a85f' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-20ab1278-dbe7-4b82-ad82-1f511d99a85f' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-7e81edcf-3f0c-4800-8da1-12261bc7cc77' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-7e81edcf-3f0c-4800-8da1-12261bc7cc77' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>River Velocity</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m s-1</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[0, 5000000]</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([0.05, 0.17, 0.16, ..., 0.03, 0.01, 0.04])</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-acd3a9e9-539f-4341-bbce-74826866d028' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-acd3a9e9-539f-4341-bbce-74826866d028' class='xr-section-summary' >Attributes: <span>(19)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>Conventions :</span></dt><dd>CF-1.6</dd><dt><span>NWM_version_number :</span></dt><dd>v2.2</dd><dt><span>TITLE :</span></dt><dd>OUTPUT FROM NWM v2.2</dd><dt><span>cdm_datatype :</span></dt><dd>Station</dd><dt><span>code_version :</span></dt><dd>v5.2.0-beta2</dd><dt><span>dev :</span></dt><dd>dev_ prefix indicates development/internal meta data</dd><dt><span>dev_NOAH_TIMESTEP :</span></dt><dd>3600</dd><dt><span>dev_OVRTSWCRT :</span></dt><dd>1</dd><dt><span>dev_channelBucket_only :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>dev_channel_only :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>featureType :</span></dt><dd>timeSeries</dd><dt><span>model_configuration :</span></dt><dd>short_range</dd><dt><span>model_initialization_time :</span></dt><dd>2022-10-17_00:00:00</dd><dt><span>model_output_type :</span></dt><dd>channel_rt</dd><dt><span>model_output_valid_time :</span></dt><dd>2022-10-17_01:00:00</dd><dt><span>model_total_valid_times :</span></dt><dd>18</dd><dt><span>proj4 :</span></dt><dd>+proj=lcc +units=m +a=6370000.0 +b=6370000.0 +lat_1=30.0 +lat_2=60.0 +lat_0=40.0 +lon_0=-97.0 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +k_0=1.0 +nadgrids=@</dd><dt><span>station_dimension :</span></dt><dd>feature_id</dd><dt><span>stream_order_output :</span></dt><dd>1</dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.Dataset>\n",
       "Dimensions:         (feature_id: 2776738, reference_time: 1, time: 18)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * feature_id      (feature_id) int32 101 179 181 ... 1180001803 1180001804\n",
       "  * reference_time  (reference_time) datetime64[ns] 2022-10-17\n",
       "  * time            (time) datetime64[ns] 2022-10-17T01:00:00 ... 2022-10-17T...\n",
       "Data variables:\n",
       "    crs             |S1 ...\n",
       "    nudge           (feature_id) float64 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0\n",
       "    qBtmVertRunoff  (feature_id) float64 5.429 53.59 16.14 ... 1.014 1.784 2.521\n",
       "    qBucket         (feature_id) float64 0.00158 0.01361 ... 0.0005 0.00073\n",
       "    qSfcLatRunoff   (feature_id) float64 0.0 0.01936 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0\n",
       "    streamflow      (time, feature_id) float64 0.06 0.03 0.04 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0\n",
       "    velocity        (feature_id) float64 0.05 0.17 0.16 0.04 ... 0.03 0.01 0.04\n",
       "Attributes: (12/19)\n",
       "    Conventions:                CF-1.6\n",
       "    NWM_version_number:         v2.2\n",
       "    TITLE:                      OUTPUT FROM NWM v2.2\n",
       "    cdm_datatype:               Station\n",
       "    code_version:               v5.2.0-beta2\n",
       "    dev:                        dev_ prefix indicates development/internal me...\n",
       "    ...                         ...\n",
       "    model_output_type:          channel_rt\n",
       "    model_output_valid_time:    2022-10-17_01:00:00\n",
       "    model_total_valid_times:    18\n",
       "    proj4:                      +proj=lcc +units=m +a=6370000.0 +b=6370000.0 ...\n",
       "    station_dimension:          feature_id\n",
       "    stream_order_output:        1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
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   "cell_type": "code",
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   "id": "bc62e08f",
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       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.DataArray &#x27;streamflow&#x27; (time: 18, feature_id: 2776738)&gt;\n",
       "array([[0.06, 0.03, 0.04, ..., 0.  , 0.  , 0.  ],\n",
       "       [0.06, 0.03, 0.04, ..., 0.  , 0.  , 0.  ],\n",
       "       [0.06, 0.02, 0.03, ..., 0.  , 0.  , 0.  ],\n",
       "       ...,\n",
       "       [0.07, 0.03, 0.04, ..., 0.  , 0.  , 0.  ],\n",
       "       [0.07, 0.02, 0.03, ..., 0.  , 0.  , 0.  ],\n",
       "       [0.07, 0.03, 0.03, ..., 0.  , 0.  , 0.  ]])\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * feature_id  (feature_id) int32 101 179 181 ... 1180001803 1180001804\n",
       "  * time        (time) datetime64[ns] 2022-10-17T01:00:00 ... 2022-10-17T18:0...\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    coordinates:   latitude longitude\n",
       "    grid_mapping:  crs\n",
       "    long_name:     River Flow\n",
       "    units:         m3 s-1\n",
       "    valid_range:   [0, 5000000]</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.DataArray</div><div class='xr-array-name'>'streamflow'</div><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span>: 18</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>feature_id</span>: 2776738</li></ul></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><div class='xr-array-wrap'><input id='section-2611088a-b15e-4d24-9167-c70f654ecd23' class='xr-array-in' type='checkbox' checked><label for='section-2611088a-b15e-4d24-9167-c70f654ecd23' title='Show/hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-array-preview xr-preview'><span>0.06 0.03 0.04 0.11 0.11 0.29 0.9 0.93 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0</span></div><div class='xr-array-data'><pre>array([[0.06, 0.03, 0.04, ..., 0.  , 0.  , 0.  ],\n",
       "       [0.06, 0.03, 0.04, ..., 0.  , 0.  , 0.  ],\n",
       "       [0.06, 0.02, 0.03, ..., 0.  , 0.  , 0.  ],\n",
       "       ...,\n",
       "       [0.07, 0.03, 0.04, ..., 0.  , 0.  , 0.  ],\n",
       "       [0.07, 0.02, 0.03, ..., 0.  , 0.  , 0.  ],\n",
       "       [0.07, 0.03, 0.03, ..., 0.  , 0.  , 0.  ]])</pre></div></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-dbb70d25-53a4-4e09-aef3-4df6866cfc8b' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-dbb70d25-53a4-4e09-aef3-4df6866cfc8b' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(2)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>feature_id</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>int32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>101 179 ... 1180001803 1180001804</div><input id='attrs-238b0780-2e0e-42fe-892f-9a7aee7d4687' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-238b0780-2e0e-42fe-892f-9a7aee7d4687' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-20a4dad3-0047-4afb-b9ac-4214d2fc68f8' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-20a4dad3-0047-4afb-b9ac-4214d2fc68f8' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>cf_role :</span></dt><dd>timeseries_id</dd><dt><span>comment :</span></dt><dd>NHDPlusv2 ComIDs within CONUS, arbitrary Reach IDs outside of CONUS</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Reach ID</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([       101,        179,        181, ..., 1180001802, 1180001803,\n",
       "       1180001804], dtype=int32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>datetime64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>2022-10-17T01:00:00 ... 2022-10-...</div><input id='attrs-6f39a7d9-c67f-49e0-b36b-f62283adf2a0' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-6f39a7d9-c67f-49e0-b36b-f62283adf2a0' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-28011a6a-42d7-454c-a050-4ec089d6c171' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-28011a6a-42d7-454c-a050-4ec089d6c171' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>valid output time</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>time</dd><dt><span>valid_max :</span></dt><dd>27767160</dd><dt><span>valid_min :</span></dt><dd>27766140</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;2022-10-17T01:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T02:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T03:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T04:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T05:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T06:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T07:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T08:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T09:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T10:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T11:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T12:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T13:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T14:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T15:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T16:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-17T17:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-17T18:00:00.000000000&#x27;],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-4d883d75-a63d-4ea2-b349-0e390334dc69' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-4d883d75-a63d-4ea2-b349-0e390334dc69' class='xr-section-summary' >Attributes: <span>(5)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>River Flow</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m3 s-1</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[0, 5000000]</dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
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       "<xarray.DataArray 'streamflow' (time: 18, feature_id: 2776738)>\n",
       "array([[0.06, 0.03, 0.04, ..., 0.  , 0.  , 0.  ],\n",
       "       [0.06, 0.03, 0.04, ..., 0.  , 0.  , 0.  ],\n",
       "       [0.06, 0.02, 0.03, ..., 0.  , 0.  , 0.  ],\n",
       "       ...,\n",
       "       [0.07, 0.03, 0.04, ..., 0.  , 0.  , 0.  ],\n",
       "       [0.07, 0.02, 0.03, ..., 0.  , 0.  , 0.  ],\n",
       "       [0.07, 0.03, 0.03, ..., 0.  , 0.  , 0.  ]])\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * feature_id  (feature_id) int32 101 179 181 ... 1180001803 1180001804\n",
       "  * time        (time) datetime64[ns] 2022-10-17T01:00:00 ... 2022-10-17T18:0...\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    coordinates:   latitude longitude\n",
       "    grid_mapping:  crs\n",
       "    long_name:     River Flow\n",
       "    units:         m3 s-1\n",
       "    valid_range:   [0, 5000000]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dsz.streamflow"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "c8d1c139",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Examples Shownig Reading From S3\n",
    "\n",
    "## Reading NetCDF Files"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "id": "371a5bab",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "CPU times: user 2.84 s, sys: 688 ms, total: 3.53 s\n",
      "Wall time: 12.8 s\n"
     ]
    },
    {
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       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.Dataset&gt;\n",
       "Dimensions:         (time: 18, reference_time: 1, feature_id: 2776738)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * time            (time) datetime64[ns] 2022-10-30T19:00:00 ... 2022-10-31T...\n",
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       "  * feature_id      (feature_id) int32 101 179 181 ... 1180001803 1180001804\n",
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       "    crs             (time) |S1 b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; ... b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27;\n",
       "    streamflow      (time, feature_id) float64 dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray&gt;\n",
       "    nudge           (time, feature_id) float64 dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray&gt;\n",
       "    velocity        (time, feature_id) float64 dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray&gt;\n",
       "    qSfcLatRunoff   (time, feature_id) float64 dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray&gt;\n",
       "    qBucket         (time, feature_id) float64 dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray&gt;\n",
       "    qBtmVertRunoff  (time, feature_id) float64 dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray&gt;\n",
       "Attributes: (12/19)\n",
       "    TITLE:                      OUTPUT FROM NWM v2.2\n",
       "    featureType:                timeSeries\n",
       "    proj4:                      +proj=lcc +units=m +a=6370000.0 +b=6370000.0 ...\n",
       "    model_initialization_time:  2022-10-30_18:00:00\n",
       "    station_dimension:          feature_id\n",
       "    model_output_valid_time:    2022-10-30_19:00:00\n",
       "    ...                         ...\n",
       "    model_configuration:        short_range\n",
       "    dev_OVRTSWCRT:              1\n",
       "    dev_NOAH_TIMESTEP:          3600\n",
       "    dev_channel_only:           0\n",
       "    dev_channelBucket_only:     0\n",
       "    dev:                        dev_ prefix indicates development/internal me...</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.Dataset</div></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-da9b6530-77aa-4453-a437-098d44f1ae08' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox' disabled ><label for='section-da9b6530-77aa-4453-a437-098d44f1ae08' class='xr-section-summary'  title='Expand/collapse section'>Dimensions:</label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span>: 18</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>reference_time</span>: 1</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>feature_id</span>: 2776738</li></ul></div><div class='xr-section-details'></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-cece61b4-c250-41b2-8f86-8bf76d6776a4' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-cece61b4-c250-41b2-8f86-8bf76d6776a4' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(3)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>datetime64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>2022-10-30T19:00:00 ... 2022-10-...</div><input id='attrs-20eba3b8-d323-431b-98c4-c118bbcdb13b' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-20eba3b8-d323-431b-98c4-c118bbcdb13b' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-d9351f6d-bb09-4c5d-9e20-1de58643de1f' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-d9351f6d-bb09-4c5d-9e20-1de58643de1f' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>valid output time</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>time</dd><dt><span>valid_min :</span></dt><dd>27785940</dd><dt><span>valid_max :</span></dt><dd>27786960</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;2022-10-30T19:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-30T20:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-30T21:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-30T22:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-30T23:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-31T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-31T01:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-31T02:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-31T03:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-31T04:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-31T05:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-31T06:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-31T07:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-31T08:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-31T09:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-31T10:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-31T11:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-31T12:00:00.000000000&#x27;],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>reference_time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(reference_time)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>datetime64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>2022-10-30T18:00:00</div><input id='attrs-b920fe07-cd09-471c-8f66-cdb761e306af' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-b920fe07-cd09-471c-8f66-cdb761e306af' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-3a4ceff3-4ff9-4592-81dd-cfc4a8d2f7cc' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-3a4ceff3-4ff9-4592-81dd-cfc4a8d2f7cc' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>model initialization time</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>forecast_reference_time</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;2022-10-30T18:00:00.000000000&#x27;], dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>feature_id</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>int32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>101 179 ... 1180001803 1180001804</div><input id='attrs-66251e91-835b-4350-be80-8c93b4518664' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-66251e91-835b-4350-be80-8c93b4518664' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-a851df90-8af6-4cd5-96f9-c7037530c562' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-a851df90-8af6-4cd5-96f9-c7037530c562' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Reach ID</dd><dt><span>comment :</span></dt><dd>NHDPlusv2 ComIDs within CONUS, arbitrary Reach IDs outside of CONUS</dd><dt><span>cf_role :</span></dt><dd>timeseries_id</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([       101,        179,        181, ..., 1180001802, 1180001803,\n",
       "       1180001804], dtype=int32)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-4f1b8451-6be2-4aaa-9d05-e3b4aa2268b0' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-4f1b8451-6be2-4aaa-9d05-e3b4aa2268b0' class='xr-section-summary' >Data variables: <span>(7)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>crs</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>|S1</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; ... b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27;</div><input id='attrs-fa66bc13-4785-4d2c-bb30-ecd20c3267a5' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-fa66bc13-4785-4d2c-bb30-ecd20c3267a5' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-7cd29f2f-7ce6-4bba-9543-0eebc9f5fdc1' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-7cd29f2f-7ce6-4bba-9543-0eebc9f5fdc1' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>transform_name :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping_name :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>esri_pe_string :</span></dt><dd>GEOGCS[&quot;GCS_WGS_1984&quot;,DATUM[&quot;D_WGS_1984&quot;,SPHEROID[&quot;WGS_1984&quot;,6378137.0,298.257223563]],PRIMEM[&quot;Greenwich&quot;,0.0],UNIT[&quot;Degree&quot;,0.0174532925199433]];-400 -400 1000000000;-100000 10000;-100000 10000;8.98315284119521E-09;0.001;0.001;IsHighPrecision</dd><dt><span>spatial_ref :</span></dt><dd>GEOGCS[&quot;GCS_WGS_1984&quot;,DATUM[&quot;D_WGS_1984&quot;,SPHEROID[&quot;WGS_1984&quot;,6378137.0,298.257223563]],PRIMEM[&quot;Greenwich&quot;,0.0],UNIT[&quot;Degree&quot;,0.0174532925199433]];-400 -400 1000000000;-100000 10000;-100000 10000;8.98315284119521E-09;0.001;0.001;IsHighPrecision</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>CRS definition</dd><dt><span>longitude_of_prime_meridian :</span></dt><dd>0.0</dd><dt><span>_CoordinateAxes :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>semi_major_axis :</span></dt><dd>6378137.0</dd><dt><span>semi_minor_axis :</span></dt><dd>6356752.5</dd><dt><span>inverse_flattening :</span></dt><dd>298.25723</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;,\n",
       "       b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;], dtype=&#x27;|S1&#x27;)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>streamflow</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</div><input id='attrs-465a298d-4fa7-4a4c-bf7d-e7751ee5211b' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-465a298d-4fa7-4a4c-bf7d-e7751ee5211b' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-64d843dd-183f-408d-b6a8-e718b8ac1731' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-64d843dd-183f-408d-b6a8-e718b8ac1731' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>River Flow</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m3 s-1</dd><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[      0 5000000]</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><table>\n",
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       "                        <td> 381.33 MiB </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 21.18 MiB </td>\n",
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       "                        <th> Shape </th>\n",
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       "                        <td> (1, 2776738) </td>\n",
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       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Count </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 72 Tasks </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 18 Chunks </td>\n",
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       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
       "                    <td> float64 </td>\n",
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       "    </tr>\n",
       "</table></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>nudge</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</div><input id='attrs-b0b126f4-ea7b-4d28-af9a-82b98d33d237' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-b0b126f4-ea7b-4d28-af9a-82b98d33d237' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-efd32596-7a06-4e90-a3ad-b87d3436a304' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-efd32596-7a06-4e90-a3ad-b87d3436a304' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Amount of stream flow alteration</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m3 s-1</dd><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[-5000000  5000000]</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><table>\n",
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       "        <td>\n",
       "            <table>\n",
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       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <td> </td>\n",
       "                        <th> Array </th>\n",
       "                        <th> Chunk </th>\n",
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       "                </thead>\n",
       "                <tbody>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Bytes </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 381.33 MiB </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 21.18 MiB </td>\n",
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       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Shape </th>\n",
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       "                        <td> (1, 2776738) </td>\n",
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       "                        <th> Count </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 72 Tasks </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 18 Chunks </td>\n",
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       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
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       "</table></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>velocity</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</div><input id='attrs-3d347ff9-2765-45e6-86e0-96a4547bf3da' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-3d347ff9-2765-45e6-86e0-96a4547bf3da' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-946731e3-6718-4b54-9282-4bfaa988d180' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-946731e3-6718-4b54-9282-4bfaa988d180' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>River Velocity</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m s-1</dd><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[      0 5000000]</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><table>\n",
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       "                        <th> Shape </th>\n",
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       "                        <td> (1, 2776738) </td>\n",
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       "                        <th> Count </th>\n",
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       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
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       "</svg>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "</table></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>qSfcLatRunoff</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</div><input id='attrs-0dadbfcd-d347-4dac-bc53-94416b8c469d' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-0dadbfcd-d347-4dac-bc53-94416b8c469d' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-e986c17e-7275-4d95-b62d-360ff445e5f5' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-e986c17e-7275-4d95-b62d-360ff445e5f5' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Runoff from terrain routing</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m3 s-1</dd><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[         0 2000000000]</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><table>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
       "            <table>\n",
       "                <thead>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <td> </td>\n",
       "                        <th> Array </th>\n",
       "                        <th> Chunk </th>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </thead>\n",
       "                <tbody>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Bytes </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 381.33 MiB </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 21.18 MiB </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Shape </th>\n",
       "                        <td> (18, 2776738) </td>\n",
       "                        <td> (1, 2776738) </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Count </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 72 Tasks </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 18 Chunks </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
       "                    <td> float64 </td>\n",
       "                    <td> numpy.ndarray </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </tbody>\n",
       "            </table>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
       "        <svg width=\"170\" height=\"75\" style=\"stroke:rgb(0,0,0);stroke-width:1\" >\n",
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       "</svg>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "</table></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>qBucket</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</div><input id='attrs-9ae56a99-adc8-44a7-9502-3c3961e7fcdd' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-9ae56a99-adc8-44a7-9502-3c3961e7fcdd' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-2fff358d-b4bb-4c65-b228-7fd5f517bd94' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-2fff358d-b4bb-4c65-b228-7fd5f517bd94' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Flux from gw bucket</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m3 s-1</dd><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[         0 2000000000]</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><table>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
       "            <table>\n",
       "                <thead>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <td> </td>\n",
       "                        <th> Array </th>\n",
       "                        <th> Chunk </th>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </thead>\n",
       "                <tbody>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Bytes </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 381.33 MiB </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 21.18 MiB </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Shape </th>\n",
       "                        <td> (18, 2776738) </td>\n",
       "                        <td> (1, 2776738) </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Count </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 72 Tasks </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 18 Chunks </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
       "                    <td> float64 </td>\n",
       "                    <td> numpy.ndarray </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </tbody>\n",
       "            </table>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
       "        <svg width=\"170\" height=\"75\" style=\"stroke:rgb(0,0,0);stroke-width:1\" >\n",
       "\n",
       "  <!-- Horizontal lines -->\n",
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       "  <line x1=\"0\" y1=\"25\" x2=\"120\" y2=\"25\" style=\"stroke-width:2\" />\n",
       "\n",
       "  <!-- Vertical lines -->\n",
       "  <line x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"0\" y2=\"25\" style=\"stroke-width:2\" />\n",
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       "</svg>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "</table></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>qBtmVertRunoff</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>dask.array&lt;chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray&gt;</div><input id='attrs-b4102e4e-3399-461d-8fad-10861acb443d' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-b4102e4e-3399-461d-8fad-10861acb443d' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-da13df31-cb75-4750-84f8-0e4491750f9d' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-da13df31-cb75-4750-84f8-0e4491750f9d' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Runoff from bottom of soil to bucket</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m3</dd><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[       0 20000000]</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><table>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
       "            <table>\n",
       "                <thead>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <td> </td>\n",
       "                        <th> Array </th>\n",
       "                        <th> Chunk </th>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </thead>\n",
       "                <tbody>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Bytes </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 381.33 MiB </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 21.18 MiB </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Shape </th>\n",
       "                        <td> (18, 2776738) </td>\n",
       "                        <td> (1, 2776738) </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                        <th> Count </th>\n",
       "                        <td> 72 Tasks </td>\n",
       "                        <td> 18 Chunks </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                    <tr>\n",
       "                    <th> Type </th>\n",
       "                    <td> float64 </td>\n",
       "                    <td> numpy.ndarray </td>\n",
       "                    </tr>\n",
       "                </tbody>\n",
       "            </table>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
       "        <td>\n",
       "        <svg width=\"170\" height=\"75\" style=\"stroke:rgb(0,0,0);stroke-width:1\" >\n",
       "\n",
       "  <!-- Horizontal lines -->\n",
       "  <line x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"120\" y2=\"0\" style=\"stroke-width:2\" />\n",
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       "\n",
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       "</svg>\n",
       "        </td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "</table></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-d8cbc5a3-714f-4415-b7e3-5a963b3a3866' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-d8cbc5a3-714f-4415-b7e3-5a963b3a3866' class='xr-section-summary' >Attributes: <span>(19)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>TITLE :</span></dt><dd>OUTPUT FROM NWM v2.2</dd><dt><span>featureType :</span></dt><dd>timeSeries</dd><dt><span>proj4 :</span></dt><dd>+proj=lcc +units=m +a=6370000.0 +b=6370000.0 +lat_1=30.0 +lat_2=60.0 +lat_0=40.0 +lon_0=-97.0 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +k_0=1.0 +nadgrids=@</dd><dt><span>model_initialization_time :</span></dt><dd>2022-10-30_18:00:00</dd><dt><span>station_dimension :</span></dt><dd>feature_id</dd><dt><span>model_output_valid_time :</span></dt><dd>2022-10-30_19:00:00</dd><dt><span>model_total_valid_times :</span></dt><dd>18</dd><dt><span>stream_order_output :</span></dt><dd>1</dd><dt><span>cdm_datatype :</span></dt><dd>Station</dd><dt><span>Conventions :</span></dt><dd>CF-1.6</dd><dt><span>code_version :</span></dt><dd>v5.2.0-beta2</dd><dt><span>NWM_version_number :</span></dt><dd>v2.2</dd><dt><span>model_output_type :</span></dt><dd>channel_rt</dd><dt><span>model_configuration :</span></dt><dd>short_range</dd><dt><span>dev_OVRTSWCRT :</span></dt><dd>1</dd><dt><span>dev_NOAH_TIMESTEP :</span></dt><dd>3600</dd><dt><span>dev_channel_only :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>dev_channelBucket_only :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>dev :</span></dt><dd>dev_ prefix indicates development/internal meta data</dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.Dataset>\n",
       "Dimensions:         (time: 18, reference_time: 1, feature_id: 2776738)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * time            (time) datetime64[ns] 2022-10-30T19:00:00 ... 2022-10-31T...\n",
       "  * reference_time  (reference_time) datetime64[ns] 2022-10-30T18:00:00\n",
       "  * feature_id      (feature_id) int32 101 179 181 ... 1180001803 1180001804\n",
       "Data variables:\n",
       "    crs             (time) |S1 b'' b'' b'' b'' b'' b'' ... b'' b'' b'' b'' b''\n",
       "    streamflow      (time, feature_id) float64 dask.array<chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray>\n",
       "    nudge           (time, feature_id) float64 dask.array<chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray>\n",
       "    velocity        (time, feature_id) float64 dask.array<chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray>\n",
       "    qSfcLatRunoff   (time, feature_id) float64 dask.array<chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray>\n",
       "    qBucket         (time, feature_id) float64 dask.array<chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray>\n",
       "    qBtmVertRunoff  (time, feature_id) float64 dask.array<chunksize=(1, 2776738), meta=np.ndarray>\n",
       "Attributes: (12/19)\n",
       "    TITLE:                      OUTPUT FROM NWM v2.2\n",
       "    featureType:                timeSeries\n",
       "    proj4:                      +proj=lcc +units=m +a=6370000.0 +b=6370000.0 ...\n",
       "    model_initialization_time:  2022-10-30_18:00:00\n",
       "    station_dimension:          feature_id\n",
       "    model_output_valid_time:    2022-10-30_19:00:00\n",
       "    ...                         ...\n",
       "    model_configuration:        short_range\n",
       "    dev_OVRTSWCRT:              1\n",
       "    dev_NOAH_TIMESTEP:          3600\n",
       "    dev_channel_only:           0\n",
       "    dev_channelBucket_only:     0\n",
       "    dev:                        dev_ prefix indicates development/internal me..."
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%time\n",
    "\n",
    "import s3fs\n",
    "import xarray as xr\n",
    "\n",
    "fs = s3fs.S3FileSystem(anon=True)\n",
    "s3_glob_url = 's3://noaa-nwm-pds/nwm.20221030/short_range/nwm.t18z.short_range.channel_rt.*.conus.nc'\n",
    "\n",
    "remote_files = fs.glob(s3_glob_url)\n",
    "fileset = [fs.open(file) for file in remote_files]\n",
    "\n",
    "ds = xr.open_mfdataset(\n",
    "                    fileset,\n",
    "                    engine='h5netcdf',\n",
    "#                     data_vars=['streamflow'],\n",
    "                    coords='minimal',\n",
    "                    compat='override')\n",
    "ds"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "id": "0d78f622",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "CPU times: user 15.7 s, sys: 5.15 s, total: 20.8 s\n",
      "Wall time: 1min 15s\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.backends.zarr.ZarrStore at 0xffff40f2ad60>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%time\n",
    "\n",
    "zarr_s3_url = 's3://noaa-hydro-data/noaa/zarr/nwm.20221030-shortrange-channel_rt.zarr'\n",
    "ds.to_zarr(zarr_s3_url, mode='w')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "id": "538a0865",
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     "text": [
      "CPU times: user 163 ms, sys: 12.6 ms, total: 176 ms\n",
      "Wall time: 1.03 s\n"
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       "Dimensions:         (time: 18, feature_id: 2776738, reference_time: 1)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * feature_id      (feature_id) int32 101 179 181 ... 1180001803 1180001804\n",
       "  * reference_time  (reference_time) datetime64[ns] 2022-10-30T18:00:00\n",
       "  * time            (time) datetime64[ns] 2022-10-30T19:00:00 ... 2022-10-31T...\n",
       "Data variables:\n",
       "    crs             (time) |S1 b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; ... b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27; b&#x27;&#x27;\n",
       "    nudge           (time, feature_id) float64 ...\n",
       "    qBtmVertRunoff  (time, feature_id) float64 ...\n",
       "    qBucket         (time, feature_id) float64 ...\n",
       "    qSfcLatRunoff   (time, feature_id) float64 ...\n",
       "    streamflow      (time, feature_id) float64 ...\n",
       "    velocity        (time, feature_id) float64 ...\n",
       "Attributes: (12/19)\n",
       "    Conventions:                CF-1.6\n",
       "    NWM_version_number:         v2.2\n",
       "    TITLE:                      OUTPUT FROM NWM v2.2\n",
       "    cdm_datatype:               Station\n",
       "    code_version:               v5.2.0-beta2\n",
       "    dev:                        dev_ prefix indicates development/internal me...\n",
       "    ...                         ...\n",
       "    model_output_type:          channel_rt\n",
       "    model_output_valid_time:    2022-10-30_19:00:00\n",
       "    model_total_valid_times:    18\n",
       "    proj4:                      +proj=lcc +units=m +a=6370000.0 +b=6370000.0 ...\n",
       "    station_dimension:          feature_id\n",
       "    stream_order_output:        1</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.Dataset</div></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-31fe2153-1ed6-4afd-ae53-2366a3daae72' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox' disabled ><label for='section-31fe2153-1ed6-4afd-ae53-2366a3daae72' class='xr-section-summary'  title='Expand/collapse section'>Dimensions:</label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span>: 18</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>feature_id</span>: 2776738</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>reference_time</span>: 1</li></ul></div><div class='xr-section-details'></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-cb4ff13f-6d5d-4b54-9514-7c74274edbac' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-cb4ff13f-6d5d-4b54-9514-7c74274edbac' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(3)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>feature_id</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>int32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>101 179 ... 1180001803 1180001804</div><input id='attrs-b4d48863-e342-422b-a304-799d551ca5af' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-b4d48863-e342-422b-a304-799d551ca5af' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-4b8d3580-f446-4200-9924-625bb752d100' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-4b8d3580-f446-4200-9924-625bb752d100' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>cf_role :</span></dt><dd>timeseries_id</dd><dt><span>comment :</span></dt><dd>NHDPlusv2 ComIDs within CONUS, arbitrary Reach IDs outside of CONUS</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Reach ID</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([       101,        179,        181, ..., 1180001802, 1180001803,\n",
       "       1180001804], dtype=int32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>reference_time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(reference_time)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>datetime64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>2022-10-30T18:00:00</div><input id='attrs-ba6d1fe2-ae5d-49aa-b0dc-e17a82e6a06c' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-ba6d1fe2-ae5d-49aa-b0dc-e17a82e6a06c' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-9f126cc4-059e-4f5f-b304-c10ab31a4aa3' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-9f126cc4-059e-4f5f-b304-c10ab31a4aa3' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>model initialization time</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>forecast_reference_time</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;2022-10-30T18:00:00.000000000&#x27;], dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>datetime64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>2022-10-30T19:00:00 ... 2022-10-...</div><input id='attrs-7ec62e0a-804e-471c-b144-231560a83db9' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-7ec62e0a-804e-471c-b144-231560a83db9' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-862920f6-1503-45d5-8f72-2d0c9d7b9fea' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-862920f6-1503-45d5-8f72-2d0c9d7b9fea' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>valid output time</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>time</dd><dt><span>valid_max :</span></dt><dd>27786960</dd><dt><span>valid_min :</span></dt><dd>27785940</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;2022-10-30T19:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-30T20:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-30T21:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-30T22:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-30T23:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-31T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-31T01:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-31T02:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-31T03:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-31T04:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-31T05:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-31T06:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-31T07:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-31T08:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-31T09:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-31T10:00:00.000000000&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;2022-10-31T11:00:00.000000000&#x27;, &#x27;2022-10-31T12:00:00.000000000&#x27;],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-e9d87e8e-f406-4c10-b241-fba094af1d45' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-e9d87e8e-f406-4c10-b241-fba094af1d45' class='xr-section-summary' >Data variables: <span>(7)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>crs</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>|S1</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-34acfb65-049c-458a-b386-5a27a463188e' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-34acfb65-049c-458a-b386-5a27a463188e' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-01597b56-66be-4d42-8447-dec5c3c6bf84' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-01597b56-66be-4d42-8447-dec5c3c6bf84' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>_CoordinateAxes :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>esri_pe_string :</span></dt><dd>GEOGCS[&quot;GCS_WGS_1984&quot;,DATUM[&quot;D_WGS_1984&quot;,SPHEROID[&quot;WGS_1984&quot;,6378137.0,298.257223563]],PRIMEM[&quot;Greenwich&quot;,0.0],UNIT[&quot;Degree&quot;,0.0174532925199433]];-400 -400 1000000000;-100000 10000;-100000 10000;8.98315284119521E-09;0.001;0.001;IsHighPrecision</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping_name :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>inverse_flattening :</span></dt><dd>298.2572326660156</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>CRS definition</dd><dt><span>longitude_of_prime_meridian :</span></dt><dd>0.0</dd><dt><span>semi_major_axis :</span></dt><dd>6378137.0</dd><dt><span>semi_minor_axis :</span></dt><dd>6356752.5</dd><dt><span>spatial_ref :</span></dt><dd>GEOGCS[&quot;GCS_WGS_1984&quot;,DATUM[&quot;D_WGS_1984&quot;,SPHEROID[&quot;WGS_1984&quot;,6378137.0,298.257223563]],PRIMEM[&quot;Greenwich&quot;,0.0],UNIT[&quot;Degree&quot;,0.0174532925199433]];-400 -400 1000000000;-100000 10000;-100000 10000;8.98315284119521E-09;0.001;0.001;IsHighPrecision</dd><dt><span>transform_name :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;,\n",
       "       b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;, b&#x27;&#x27;], dtype=&#x27;|S1&#x27;)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>nudge</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-3956c73b-afc0-4d2b-8a6e-49fb329bd828' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-3956c73b-afc0-4d2b-8a6e-49fb329bd828' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-0101c335-5727-430c-9f9f-596f56998d33' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-0101c335-5727-430c-9f9f-596f56998d33' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Amount of stream flow alteration</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m3 s-1</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[-5000000, 5000000]</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[49981284 values with dtype=float64]</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>qBtmVertRunoff</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-78867d80-48db-46f3-8133-f8b9226b2bc3' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-78867d80-48db-46f3-8133-f8b9226b2bc3' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-55cbfd09-d10d-4fde-b6d3-ed108b721283' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-55cbfd09-d10d-4fde-b6d3-ed108b721283' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Runoff from bottom of soil to bucket</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m3</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[0, 20000000]</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[49981284 values with dtype=float64]</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>qBucket</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-ced68f10-4193-4494-8ee5-fe5adcf66672' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-ced68f10-4193-4494-8ee5-fe5adcf66672' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-ab78630f-50a4-401e-a8e7-d644ea1d7885' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-ab78630f-50a4-401e-a8e7-d644ea1d7885' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Flux from gw bucket</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m3 s-1</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[0, 2000000000]</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[49981284 values with dtype=float64]</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>qSfcLatRunoff</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-bb08d9ce-2263-4fa8-8a2f-60b430bafa4c' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-bb08d9ce-2263-4fa8-8a2f-60b430bafa4c' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-a4851bf0-4c9e-4c8a-bdfc-b93468a8b80e' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-a4851bf0-4c9e-4c8a-bdfc-b93468a8b80e' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Runoff from terrain routing</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m3 s-1</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[0, 2000000000]</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[49981284 values with dtype=float64]</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>streamflow</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-bc1a3e5e-ac07-4b27-b257-81af76a7d907' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-bc1a3e5e-ac07-4b27-b257-81af76a7d907' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-a29ed8d6-2877-41d2-9036-8446dc3bf432' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-a29ed8d6-2877-41d2-9036-8446dc3bf432' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>River Flow</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m3 s-1</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[0, 5000000]</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[49981284 values with dtype=float64]</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>velocity</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(time, feature_id)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-451733cc-b53f-431b-a722-cbbc677679b8' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-451733cc-b53f-431b-a722-cbbc677679b8' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-11a08745-20f3-44ee-a271-be343df85f65' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-11a08745-20f3-44ee-a271-be343df85f65' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>coordinates :</span></dt><dd>latitude longitude</dd><dt><span>grid_mapping :</span></dt><dd>crs</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>River Velocity</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m s-1</dd><dt><span>valid_range :</span></dt><dd>[0, 5000000]</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[49981284 values with dtype=float64]</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-18ea4d58-1227-4064-8e99-d5498fed527a' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-18ea4d58-1227-4064-8e99-d5498fed527a' class='xr-section-summary' >Attributes: <span>(19)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>Conventions :</span></dt><dd>CF-1.6</dd><dt><span>NWM_version_number :</span></dt><dd>v2.2</dd><dt><span>TITLE :</span></dt><dd>OUTPUT FROM NWM v2.2</dd><dt><span>cdm_datatype :</span></dt><dd>Station</dd><dt><span>code_version :</span></dt><dd>v5.2.0-beta2</dd><dt><span>dev :</span></dt><dd>dev_ prefix indicates development/internal meta data</dd><dt><span>dev_NOAH_TIMESTEP :</span></dt><dd>3600</dd><dt><span>dev_OVRTSWCRT :</span></dt><dd>1</dd><dt><span>dev_channelBucket_only :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>dev_channel_only :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>featureType :</span></dt><dd>timeSeries</dd><dt><span>model_configuration :</span></dt><dd>short_range</dd><dt><span>model_initialization_time :</span></dt><dd>2022-10-30_18:00:00</dd><dt><span>model_output_type :</span></dt><dd>channel_rt</dd><dt><span>model_output_valid_time :</span></dt><dd>2022-10-30_19:00:00</dd><dt><span>model_total_valid_times :</span></dt><dd>18</dd><dt><span>proj4 :</span></dt><dd>+proj=lcc +units=m +a=6370000.0 +b=6370000.0 +lat_1=30.0 +lat_2=60.0 +lat_0=40.0 +lon_0=-97.0 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +k_0=1.0 +nadgrids=@</dd><dt><span>station_dimension :</span></dt><dd>feature_id</dd><dt><span>stream_order_output :</span></dt><dd>1</dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.Dataset>\n",
       "Dimensions:         (time: 18, feature_id: 2776738, reference_time: 1)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * feature_id      (feature_id) int32 101 179 181 ... 1180001803 1180001804\n",
       "  * reference_time  (reference_time) datetime64[ns] 2022-10-30T18:00:00\n",
       "  * time            (time) datetime64[ns] 2022-10-30T19:00:00 ... 2022-10-31T...\n",
       "Data variables:\n",
       "    crs             (time) |S1 ...\n",
       "    nudge           (time, feature_id) float64 ...\n",
       "    qBtmVertRunoff  (time, feature_id) float64 ...\n",
       "    qBucket         (time, feature_id) float64 ...\n",
       "    qSfcLatRunoff   (time, feature_id) float64 ...\n",
       "    streamflow      (time, feature_id) float64 ...\n",
       "    velocity        (time, feature_id) float64 ...\n",
       "Attributes: (12/19)\n",
       "    Conventions:                CF-1.6\n",
       "    NWM_version_number:         v2.2\n",
       "    TITLE:                      OUTPUT FROM NWM v2.2\n",
       "    cdm_datatype:               Station\n",
       "    code_version:               v5.2.0-beta2\n",
       "    dev:                        dev_ prefix indicates development/internal me...\n",
       "    ...                         ...\n",
       "    model_output_type:          channel_rt\n",
       "    model_output_valid_time:    2022-10-30_19:00:00\n",
       "    model_total_valid_times:    18\n",
       "    proj4:                      +proj=lcc +units=m +a=6370000.0 +b=6370000.0 ...\n",
       "    station_dimension:          feature_id\n",
       "    stream_order_output:        1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%time\n",
    "\n",
    "dsz = xr.open_dataset(zarr_s3_url)\n",
    "dsz"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "id": "94ee2359",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.allclose(ds.streamflow.to_numpy(), dsz.streamflow.to_numpy(), equal_nan=True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "85e91e69",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Reading Geopackages from S3\n",
    "\n",
    "Note: This requires setting the `AWS_REQUESTER_PAYS` environment variable to `requester`, so we can access the `s3://noaa-nws-owp-fim` bucket."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "b7be38c6",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "ERROR 1: PROJ: proj_create_from_database: Open of /opt/conda/share/proj failed\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
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       "      <th>FType</th>\n",
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       "      <th>InNetwork</th>\n",
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       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.053000</td>\n",
       "      <td>21020001000406</td>\n",
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       "      <td>566</td>\n",
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       "      <td>0.753000</td>\n",
       "      <td>21020001000044</td>\n",
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       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>460</td>\n",
       "      <td>46003</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.007089</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>26481774</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-03-10T08:27:02</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.952000</td>\n",
       "      <td>21020002000163</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>460</td>\n",
       "      <td>46003</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.008827</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.500020e+13</td>\n",
       "      <td>2102</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>MULTILINESTRING ((3375918.067 -4944.398, 33759...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>768</th>\n",
       "      <td>{88FF6BDE-CE9E-4A70-A13B-7DADE9C9011E}</td>\n",
       "      <td>2013-11-09T00:00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.656666</td>\n",
       "      <td>21020002000755</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>566</td>\n",
       "      <td>56600</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.005569</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.500020e+13</td>\n",
       "      <td>2102</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>MULTILINESTRING ((3389646.133 -9646.808, 33896...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>769</th>\n",
       "      <td>26481592</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-03-10T08:27:07</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>01614312</td>\n",
       "      <td>Salt River</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.406000</td>\n",
       "      <td>21020002000237</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>26480458</td>\n",
       "      <td>558</td>\n",
       "      <td>55800</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.003702</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.500020e+13</td>\n",
       "      <td>2102</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>MULTILINESTRING ((3387141.771 -1146.496, 33871...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>770</th>\n",
       "      <td>26480942</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-03-10T08:27:02</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.132000</td>\n",
       "      <td>21020002000082</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>336</td>\n",
       "      <td>33600</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.001197</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.500020e+13</td>\n",
       "      <td>2102</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>MULTILINESTRING ((3389973.087 -5973.708, 33900...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>771</th>\n",
       "      <td>26480872</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-03-10T08:27:02</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.715000</td>\n",
       "      <td>21020002000155</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>460</td>\n",
       "      <td>46003</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.006608</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.500020e+13</td>\n",
       "      <td>2102</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>MULTILINESTRING ((3393666.609 -2285.108, 33936...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>772</th>\n",
       "      <td>26481232</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-03-10T08:26:53</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.072000</td>\n",
       "      <td>21020002000121</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>26480572</td>\n",
       "      <td>558</td>\n",
       "      <td>55800</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000666</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.500020e+13</td>\n",
       "      <td>2102</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>MULTILINESTRING ((3395548.386 -469.715, 339554...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>773 rows × 19 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                       Permanent_Identifier                FDate  Resolution  \\\n",
       "0    {9DD3C12C-31E7-4BB4-BFFC-01055CC85980}  2013-07-15T00:00:00           2   \n",
       "1    {081875A5-EDED-4609-8659-2E7108B3F788}  2013-07-15T00:00:00           2   \n",
       "2                                  26478645  2012-03-10T08:25:01           2   \n",
       "3                                  26481876  2012-03-10T08:27:01           2   \n",
       "4                                  26481774  2012-03-10T08:27:02           2   \n",
       "..                                      ...                  ...         ...   \n",
       "768  {88FF6BDE-CE9E-4A70-A13B-7DADE9C9011E}  2013-11-09T00:00:00           2   \n",
       "769                                26481592  2012-03-10T08:27:07           2   \n",
       "770                                26480942  2012-03-10T08:27:02           2   \n",
       "771                                26480872  2012-03-10T08:27:02           2   \n",
       "772                                26481232  2012-03-10T08:26:53           2   \n",
       "\n",
       "      GNIS_ID       GNIS_Name  LengthKM       ReachCode  FlowDir  \\\n",
       "0        None            None  0.061850  21020001000388        0   \n",
       "1        None            None  0.053000  21020001000406        0   \n",
       "2    01614391  Turpentine Run  0.753000  21020001000044        1   \n",
       "3        None            None  0.551000  21020002000176        1   \n",
       "4        None            None  0.952000  21020002000163        1   \n",
       "..        ...             ...       ...             ...      ...   \n",
       "768      None            None  0.656666  21020002000755        1   \n",
       "769  01614312      Salt River  0.406000  21020002000237        1   \n",
       "770      None            None  0.132000  21020002000082        0   \n",
       "771      None            None  0.715000  21020002000155        1   \n",
       "772      None            None  0.072000  21020002000121        1   \n",
       "\n",
       "    WBArea_Permanent_Identifier  FType  FCode  MainPath  InNetwork  \\\n",
       "0                          None    566  56600         0          0   \n",
       "1                          None    566  56600         0          0   \n",
       "2                          None    460  46003         0          1   \n",
       "3                          None    460  46003         0          1   \n",
       "4                          None    460  46003         0          1   \n",
       "..                          ...    ...    ...       ...        ...   \n",
       "768                        None    566  56600         0          1   \n",
       "769                    26480458    558  55800         0          1   \n",
       "770                        None    336  33600         0          0   \n",
       "771                        None    460  46003         0          1   \n",
       "772                    26480572    558  55800         0          1   \n",
       "\n",
       "     VisibilityFilter  Shape_Length     NHDPlusID VPUID  Enabled  \\\n",
       "0                   0      0.000576  8.500020e+13  2102        1   \n",
       "1                   0      0.000489  8.500020e+13  2102        1   \n",
       "2                   0      0.007089  8.500020e+13  2102        1   \n",
       "3                   0      0.005139  8.500020e+13  2102        1   \n",
       "4                   0      0.008827  8.500020e+13  2102        1   \n",
       "..                ...           ...           ...   ...      ...   \n",
       "768                 0      0.005569  8.500020e+13  2102        1   \n",
       "769                 0      0.003702  8.500020e+13  2102        1   \n",
       "770                 0      0.001197  8.500020e+13  2102        1   \n",
       "771                 0      0.006608  8.500020e+13  2102        1   \n",
       "772                 0      0.000666  8.500020e+13  2102        1   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                              geometry  \n",
       "0    MULTILINESTRING ((3337200.980 47052.364, 33372...  \n",
       "1    MULTILINESTRING ((3342320.598 49176.247, 33423...  \n",
       "2    MULTILINESTRING ((3353287.742 51382.963, 33533...  \n",
       "3    MULTILINESTRING ((3378241.544 -8784.111, 33782...  \n",
       "4    MULTILINESTRING ((3375918.067 -4944.398, 33759...  \n",
       "..                                                 ...  \n",
       "768  MULTILINESTRING ((3389646.133 -9646.808, 33896...  \n",
       "769  MULTILINESTRING ((3387141.771 -1146.496, 33871...  \n",
       "770  MULTILINESTRING ((3389973.087 -5973.708, 33900...  \n",
       "771  MULTILINESTRING ((3393666.609 -2285.108, 33936...  \n",
       "772  MULTILINESTRING ((3395548.386 -469.715, 339554...  \n",
       "\n",
       "[773 rows x 19 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import geopandas as gpd\n",
    "\n",
    "s3_path = 's3://noaa-nws-owp-fim/hand_fim/inputs/nhdplus_vectors/2102/NHDFlowline2102.gpkg'\n",
    "\n",
    "# read_file can read directly from S3, as long as the AWS environment variables are set correctly\n",
    "g = gpd.read_file(s3_path)\n",
    "g"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "0dfbc4f0",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "      <th></th>\n",
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       "      <th>areasqkm</th>\n",
       "      <th>states</th>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <th>name</th>\n",
       "      <th>hutype</th>\n",
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       "      <th>tohuc</th>\n",
       "      <th>noncontributingareaacres</th>\n",
       "      <th>noncontributingareasqkm</th>\n",
       "      <th>globalid</th>\n",
       "      <th>shape_Length</th>\n",
       "      <th>shape_Area</th>\n",
       "      <th>geometry</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>{AAF0D733-828B-4B8E-9E52-388A49AC0A23}</td>\n",
       "      <td>{33EA2180-A425-4AE6-951F-ABCBBF25B893}</td>\n",
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       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-05-25T09:05:31+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>13211.47</td>\n",
       "      <td>53.46</td>\n",
       "      <td>IA,MN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Judicial Ditch Number Thirteen</td>\n",
       "      <td>S</td>\n",
       "      <td>NM</td>\n",
       "      <td>070200090403</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>{991AACA7-E29C-11E2-8094-0021280458E6}</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.637165</td>\n",
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       "      <td>MULTIPOLYGON (((-94.01060 43.56298, -94.01046 ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>{FEEC96BB-D4C0-468F-A345-6996A458D7A7}</td>\n",
       "      <td>{33EA2180-A425-4AE6-951F-ABCBBF25B893}</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-05-25T09:05:42+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>10514.34</td>\n",
       "      <td>42.55</td>\n",
       "      <td>MN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>West Branch Lac qui Parle River</td>\n",
       "      <td>S</td>\n",
       "      <td>NM</td>\n",
       "      <td>070200030705</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>{A220BE40-E29C-11E2-8094-0021280458E6}</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.456829</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.004851</td>\n",
       "      <td>MULTIPOLYGON (((-96.13949 44.97296, -96.13908 ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>{5954C8E6-710A-4F46-9409-C39F7A4E8031}</td>\n",
       "      <td>{33EA2180-A425-4AE6-951F-ABCBBF25B893}</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-05-25T09:05:42+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>15561.22</td>\n",
       "      <td>62.97</td>\n",
       "      <td>MN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>County Ditch Number Thirtyfour</td>\n",
       "      <td>S</td>\n",
       "      <td>NM</td>\n",
       "      <td>070200030603</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>{A220F315-E29C-11E2-8094-0021280458E6}</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.701524</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.007178</td>\n",
       "      <td>MULTIPOLYGON (((-95.91504 44.97483, -95.91437 ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>{6042907D-3DB7-4C8A-9362-889E4CDC4102}</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>2013-01-18T07:08:11+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>31033.21</td>\n",
       "      <td>125.59</td>\n",
       "      <td>GA</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Upper Horse Creek</td>\n",
       "      <td>S</td>\n",
       "      <td>NM</td>\n",
       "      <td>030701040702</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>{96CC80E1-E29C-11E2-8094-0021280458E6}</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.554951</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.011983</td>\n",
       "      <td>MULTIPOLYGON (((-82.99057 31.98012, -82.99115 ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>{A802D673-860B-4BD3-9EA1-1C954F9F03B9}</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>2013-01-18T07:08:11+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>28839.94</td>\n",
       "      <td>116.71</td>\n",
       "      <td>GA</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Crooked Creek</td>\n",
       "      <td>S</td>\n",
       "      <td>NM</td>\n",
       "      <td>030701040507</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>{96CBF8CF-E29C-11E2-8094-0021280458E6}</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.650165</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.011146</td>\n",
       "      <td>MULTIPOLYGON (((-83.13956 32.08949, -83.13932 ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>{B0F422F7-5BDE-4608-B60E-C5D3274B8749}</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>2013-01-18T07:08:11+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>49115.06</td>\n",
       "      <td>198.76</td>\n",
       "      <td>GA</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mizell Creek-Ocmulgee River</td>\n",
       "      <td>S</td>\n",
       "      <td>NM</td>\n",
       "      <td>030701040802</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>{96CC62C1-E29C-11E2-8094-0021280458E6}</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.784197</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.018956</td>\n",
       "      <td>MULTIPOLYGON (((-83.14510 32.02342, -83.14498 ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>{DF84FD2E-015D-4B39-9409-68BAF583D58C}</td>\n",
       "      <td>{33EA2180-A425-4AE6-951F-ABCBBF25B893}</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-05-25T09:05:42+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>20477.59</td>\n",
       "      <td>82.87</td>\n",
       "      <td>MN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>County Ditch Number Twentynine A</td>\n",
       "      <td>S</td>\n",
       "      <td>NM</td>\n",
       "      <td>070200030702</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>{A22127F8-E29C-11E2-8094-0021280458E6}</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.747552</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.009439</td>\n",
       "      <td>MULTIPOLYGON (((-96.27678 44.93935, -96.27532 ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>{86D2CC50-DCCE-4168-87EF-3C9D46FE2114}</td>\n",
       "      <td>{C2DD1F95-EC5C-4FCF-9EB7-9B044D2B0DB4}</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-05-25T09:52:59+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>23835.03</td>\n",
       "      <td>96.46</td>\n",
       "      <td>MN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bear Creek-Snake River</td>\n",
       "      <td>S</td>\n",
       "      <td>NM</td>\n",
       "      <td>070300050201</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>{A070A8A0-E29C-11E2-8094-0021280458E6}</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.580060</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.011174</td>\n",
       "      <td>MULTIPOLYGON (((-92.81602 45.91518, -92.81597 ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>{82FBC812-6068-41C5-A486-6E2BAFF31912}</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>2013-01-18T07:08:11+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>36657.30</td>\n",
       "      <td>148.35</td>\n",
       "      <td>GA</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Middle Horse Creek</td>\n",
       "      <td>S</td>\n",
       "      <td>NM</td>\n",
       "      <td>030701040703</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>{96CC97E9-E29C-11E2-8094-0021280458E6}</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.696581</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.014144</td>\n",
       "      <td>MULTIPOLYGON (((-82.95812 31.98096, -82.95804 ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>{D64CC50D-33CD-43A1-8FED-A43524B2A383}</td>\n",
       "      <td>{33EA2180-A425-4AE6-951F-ABCBBF25B893}</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-05-25T09:05:42+00:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>25142.88</td>\n",
       "      <td>101.75</td>\n",
       "      <td>MN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>County Ditch Number Seventynine-Lac qui Parle ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>S</td>\n",
       "      <td>NM</td>\n",
       "      <td>070200030705</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>{A22146C3-E29C-11E2-8094-0021280458E6}</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.790646</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.011584</td>\n",
       "      <td>MULTIPOLYGON (((-96.02941 44.92618, -96.02912 ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>10 rows × 21 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                                    tnmid  \\\n",
       "0  {AAF0D733-828B-4B8E-9E52-388A49AC0A23}   \n",
       "1  {FEEC96BB-D4C0-468F-A345-6996A458D7A7}   \n",
       "2  {5954C8E6-710A-4F46-9409-C39F7A4E8031}   \n",
       "3  {6042907D-3DB7-4C8A-9362-889E4CDC4102}   \n",
       "4  {A802D673-860B-4BD3-9EA1-1C954F9F03B9}   \n",
       "5  {B0F422F7-5BDE-4608-B60E-C5D3274B8749}   \n",
       "6  {DF84FD2E-015D-4B39-9409-68BAF583D58C}   \n",
       "7  {86D2CC50-DCCE-4168-87EF-3C9D46FE2114}   \n",
       "8  {82FBC812-6068-41C5-A486-6E2BAFF31912}   \n",
       "9  {D64CC50D-33CD-43A1-8FED-A43524B2A383}   \n",
       "\n",
       "                             metasourceid sourcedatadesc sourceoriginator  \\\n",
       "0  {33EA2180-A425-4AE6-951F-ABCBBF25B893}           None             None   \n",
       "1  {33EA2180-A425-4AE6-951F-ABCBBF25B893}           None             None   \n",
       "2  {33EA2180-A425-4AE6-951F-ABCBBF25B893}           None             None   \n",
       "3                                    None           None             None   \n",
       "4                                    None           None             None   \n",
       "5                                    None           None             None   \n",
       "6  {33EA2180-A425-4AE6-951F-ABCBBF25B893}           None             None   \n",
       "7  {C2DD1F95-EC5C-4FCF-9EB7-9B044D2B0DB4}           None             None   \n",
       "8                                    None           None             None   \n",
       "9  {33EA2180-A425-4AE6-951F-ABCBBF25B893}           None             None   \n",
       "\n",
       "  sourcefeatureid                   loaddate referencegnis_ids  areaacres  \\\n",
       "0            None  2017-05-25T09:05:31+00:00              None   13211.47   \n",
       "1            None  2017-05-25T09:05:42+00:00              None   10514.34   \n",
       "2            None  2017-05-25T09:05:42+00:00              None   15561.22   \n",
       "3            None  2013-01-18T07:08:11+00:00              None   31033.21   \n",
       "4            None  2013-01-18T07:08:11+00:00              None   28839.94   \n",
       "5            None  2013-01-18T07:08:11+00:00              None   49115.06   \n",
       "6            None  2017-05-25T09:05:42+00:00              None   20477.59   \n",
       "7            None  2017-05-25T09:52:59+00:00              None   23835.03   \n",
       "8            None  2013-01-18T07:08:11+00:00              None   36657.30   \n",
       "9            None  2017-05-25T09:05:42+00:00              None   25142.88   \n",
       "\n",
       "   areasqkm states  ...                                               name  \\\n",
       "0     53.46  IA,MN  ...                     Judicial Ditch Number Thirteen   \n",
       "1     42.55     MN  ...                    West Branch Lac qui Parle River   \n",
       "2     62.97     MN  ...                     County Ditch Number Thirtyfour   \n",
       "3    125.59     GA  ...                                  Upper Horse Creek   \n",
       "4    116.71     GA  ...                                      Crooked Creek   \n",
       "5    198.76     GA  ...                        Mizell Creek-Ocmulgee River   \n",
       "6     82.87     MN  ...                   County Ditch Number Twentynine A   \n",
       "7     96.46     MN  ...                             Bear Creek-Snake River   \n",
       "8    148.35     GA  ...                                 Middle Horse Creek   \n",
       "9    101.75     MN  ...  County Ditch Number Seventynine-Lac qui Parle ...   \n",
       "\n",
       "  hutype humod         tohuc noncontributingareaacres  \\\n",
       "0      S    NM  070200090403                      0.0   \n",
       "1      S    NM  070200030705                      0.0   \n",
       "2      S    NM  070200030603                      0.0   \n",
       "3      S    NM  030701040702                      0.0   \n",
       "4      S    NM  030701040507                      0.0   \n",
       "5      S    NM  030701040802                      0.0   \n",
       "6      S    NM  070200030702                      0.0   \n",
       "7      S    NM  070300050201                      0.0   \n",
       "8      S    NM  030701040703                      0.0   \n",
       "9      S    NM  070200030705                      0.0   \n",
       "\n",
       "   noncontributingareasqkm                                globalid  \\\n",
       "0                      0.0  {991AACA7-E29C-11E2-8094-0021280458E6}   \n",
       "1                      0.0  {A220BE40-E29C-11E2-8094-0021280458E6}   \n",
       "2                      0.0  {A220F315-E29C-11E2-8094-0021280458E6}   \n",
       "3                      0.0  {96CC80E1-E29C-11E2-8094-0021280458E6}   \n",
       "4                      0.0  {96CBF8CF-E29C-11E2-8094-0021280458E6}   \n",
       "5                      0.0  {96CC62C1-E29C-11E2-8094-0021280458E6}   \n",
       "6                      0.0  {A22127F8-E29C-11E2-8094-0021280458E6}   \n",
       "7                      0.0  {A070A8A0-E29C-11E2-8094-0021280458E6}   \n",
       "8                      0.0  {96CC97E9-E29C-11E2-8094-0021280458E6}   \n",
       "9                      0.0  {A22146C3-E29C-11E2-8094-0021280458E6}   \n",
       "\n",
       "  shape_Length  shape_Area                                           geometry  \n",
       "0     0.637165    0.005951  MULTIPOLYGON (((-94.01060 43.56298, -94.01046 ...  \n",
       "1     0.456829    0.004851  MULTIPOLYGON (((-96.13949 44.97296, -96.13908 ...  \n",
       "2     0.701524    0.007178  MULTIPOLYGON (((-95.91504 44.97483, -95.91437 ...  \n",
       "3     0.554951    0.011983  MULTIPOLYGON (((-82.99057 31.98012, -82.99115 ...  \n",
       "4     0.650165    0.011146  MULTIPOLYGON (((-83.13956 32.08949, -83.13932 ...  \n",
       "5     0.784197    0.018956  MULTIPOLYGON (((-83.14510 32.02342, -83.14498 ...  \n",
       "6     0.747552    0.009439  MULTIPOLYGON (((-96.27678 44.93935, -96.27532 ...  \n",
       "7     0.580060    0.011174  MULTIPOLYGON (((-92.81602 45.91518, -92.81597 ...  \n",
       "8     0.696581    0.014144  MULTIPOLYGON (((-82.95812 31.98096, -82.95804 ...  \n",
       "9     0.790646    0.011584  MULTIPOLYGON (((-96.02941 44.92618, -96.02912 ...  \n",
       "\n",
       "[10 rows x 21 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s3_path = 's3://noaa-nws-owp-fim/hand_fim/inputs/wbd/WBD_National_GDB.gdb'\n",
    "\n",
    "g = gpd.read_file(s3_path, rows=10)\n",
    "g"
   ]
  }
 ],
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