diff --git a/awswrangler/athena/_executions.py b/awswrangler/athena/_executions.py
index b612d6889..e10080824 100644
--- a/awswrangler/athena/_executions.py
+++ b/awswrangler/athena/_executions.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ def start_query_execution(
     sql: str,
     database: Optional[str] = None,
     s3_output: Optional[str] = None,
-    workgroup: Optional[str] = None,
+    workgroup: str = "primary",
     encryption: Optional[str] = None,
     kms_key: Optional[str] = None,
     params: Union[Dict[str, Any], List[str], None] = None,
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ def start_query_execution(
         AWS Glue/Athena database name.
     s3_output : str, optional
         AWS S3 path.
-    workgroup : str, optional
-        Athena workgroup.
+    workgroup : str
+        Athena workgroup. Primary by default.
     encryption : str, optional
         None, 'SSE_S3', 'SSE_KMS', 'CSE_KMS'.
     kms_key : str, optional
diff --git a/awswrangler/athena/_executions.pyi b/awswrangler/athena/_executions.pyi
index 142cedb74..fbd68284c 100644
--- a/awswrangler/athena/_executions.pyi
+++ b/awswrangler/athena/_executions.pyi
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ def start_query_execution(
     sql: str,
     database: Optional[str] = ...,
     s3_output: Optional[str] = ...,
-    workgroup: Optional[str] = ...,
+    workgroup: str = ...,
     encryption: Optional[str] = ...,
     kms_key: Optional[str] = ...,
     params: Union[Dict[str, Any], List[str], None] = ...,
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ def start_query_execution(
     *,
     database: Optional[str] = ...,
     s3_output: Optional[str] = ...,
-    workgroup: Optional[str] = ...,
+    workgroup: str = ...,
     encryption: Optional[str] = ...,
     kms_key: Optional[str] = ...,
     params: Union[Dict[str, Any], List[str], None] = ...,
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ def start_query_execution(
     *,
     database: Optional[str] = ...,
     s3_output: Optional[str] = ...,
-    workgroup: Optional[str] = ...,
+    workgroup: str = ...,
     encryption: Optional[str] = ...,
     kms_key: Optional[str] = ...,
     params: Union[Dict[str, Any], List[str], None] = ...,
diff --git a/awswrangler/athena/_read.py b/awswrangler/athena/_read.py
index b0f258c26..eecfdc5a1 100644
--- a/awswrangler/athena/_read.py
+++ b/awswrangler/athena/_read.py
@@ -774,7 +774,7 @@ def read_sql_query(  # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments,too-many-locals
     categories: Optional[List[str]] = None,
     chunksize: Optional[Union[int, bool]] = None,
     s3_output: Optional[str] = None,
-    workgroup: Optional[str] = None,
+    workgroup: str = "primary",
     encryption: Optional[str] = None,
     kms_key: Optional[str] = None,
     keep_files: bool = True,
@@ -929,8 +929,8 @@ def read_sql_query(  # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments,too-many-locals
         If an `INTEGER` is passed awswrangler will iterate on the data by number of rows equal the received INTEGER.
     s3_output : str, optional
         Amazon S3 path.
-    workgroup : str, optional
-        Athena workgroup.
+    workgroup : str
+        Athena workgroup. Primary by default.
     encryption : str, optional
         Valid values: [None, 'SSE_S3', 'SSE_KMS']. Notice: 'CSE_KMS' is not supported.
     kms_key : str, optional
@@ -1122,7 +1122,7 @@ def read_sql_table(
     categories: Optional[List[str]] = None,
     chunksize: Optional[Union[int, bool]] = None,
     s3_output: Optional[str] = None,
-    workgroup: Optional[str] = None,
+    workgroup: str = "primary",
     encryption: Optional[str] = None,
     kms_key: Optional[str] = None,
     keep_files: bool = True,
@@ -1272,8 +1272,8 @@ def read_sql_table(
         If an `INTEGER` is passed awswrangler will iterate on the data by number of rows equal the received INTEGER.
     s3_output : str, optional
         AWS S3 path.
-    workgroup : str, optional
-        Athena workgroup.
+    workgroup : str
+        Athena workgroup. Primary by default.
     encryption : str, optional
         Valid values: [None, 'SSE_S3', 'SSE_KMS']. Notice: 'CSE_KMS' is not supported.
     kms_key : str, optional
@@ -1364,7 +1364,7 @@ def unload(
     compression: Optional[str] = None,
     field_delimiter: Optional[str] = None,
     partitioned_by: Optional[List[str]] = None,
-    workgroup: Optional[str] = None,
+    workgroup: str = "primary",
     encryption: Optional[str] = None,
     kms_key: Optional[str] = None,
     boto3_session: Optional[boto3.Session] = None,
@@ -1397,8 +1397,8 @@ def unload(
         A single-character field delimiter for files in CSV, TSV, and other text formats.
     partitioned_by : Optional[List[str]]
         An array list of columns by which the output is partitioned.
-    workgroup : str, optional
-        Athena workgroup.
+    workgroup : str
+        Athena workgroup. Primary by default.
     encryption : str, optional
         Valid values: [None, 'SSE_S3', 'SSE_KMS']. Notice: 'CSE_KMS' is not supported.
     kms_key : str, optional
diff --git a/awswrangler/athena/_read.pyi b/awswrangler/athena/_read.pyi
index 459d35fb7..93acb7045 100644
--- a/awswrangler/athena/_read.pyi
+++ b/awswrangler/athena/_read.pyi
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ def read_sql_query(  # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments
     categories: Optional[List[str]] = ...,
     chunksize: Union[None, Literal[False]] = ...,
     s3_output: Optional[str] = ...,
-    workgroup: Optional[str] = ...,
+    workgroup: str = ...,
     encryption: Optional[str] = ...,
     kms_key: Optional[str] = ...,
     keep_files: bool = ...,
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ def read_sql_query(
     categories: Optional[List[str]] = ...,
     chunksize: Literal[True],
     s3_output: Optional[str] = ...,
-    workgroup: Optional[str] = ...,
+    workgroup: str = ...,
     encryption: Optional[str] = ...,
     kms_key: Optional[str] = ...,
     keep_files: bool = ...,
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ def read_sql_query(
     categories: Optional[List[str]] = ...,
     chunksize: bool,
     s3_output: Optional[str] = ...,
-    workgroup: Optional[str] = ...,
+    workgroup: str = ...,
     encryption: Optional[str] = ...,
     kms_key: Optional[str] = ...,
     keep_files: bool = ...,
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ def read_sql_query(
     categories: Optional[List[str]] = ...,
     chunksize: int,
     s3_output: Optional[str] = ...,
-    workgroup: Optional[str] = ...,
+    workgroup: str = ...,
     encryption: Optional[str] = ...,
     kms_key: Optional[str] = ...,
     keep_files: bool = ...,
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ def read_sql_query(
     categories: Optional[List[str]] = ...,
     chunksize: Optional[Union[int, bool]],
     s3_output: Optional[str] = ...,
-    workgroup: Optional[str] = ...,
+    workgroup: str = ...,
     encryption: Optional[str] = ...,
     kms_key: Optional[str] = ...,
     keep_files: bool = ...,
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ def read_sql_table(
     categories: Optional[List[str]] = ...,
     chunksize: Union[None, Literal[False]] = ...,
     s3_output: Optional[str] = ...,
-    workgroup: Optional[str] = ...,
+    workgroup: str = ...,
     encryption: Optional[str] = ...,
     kms_key: Optional[str] = ...,
     keep_files: bool = ...,
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ def read_sql_table(
     categories: Optional[List[str]] = ...,
     chunksize: Literal[True],
     s3_output: Optional[str] = ...,
-    workgroup: Optional[str] = ...,
+    workgroup: str = ...,
     encryption: Optional[str] = ...,
     kms_key: Optional[str] = ...,
     keep_files: bool = ...,
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ def read_sql_table(
     categories: Optional[List[str]] = ...,
     chunksize: bool,
     s3_output: Optional[str] = ...,
-    workgroup: Optional[str] = ...,
+    workgroup: str = ...,
     encryption: Optional[str] = ...,
     kms_key: Optional[str] = ...,
     keep_files: bool = ...,
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ def read_sql_table(
     categories: Optional[List[str]] = ...,
     chunksize: int,
     s3_output: Optional[str] = ...,
-    workgroup: Optional[str] = ...,
+    workgroup: str = ...,
     encryption: Optional[str] = ...,
     kms_key: Optional[str] = ...,
     keep_files: bool = ...,
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ def read_sql_table(
     categories: Optional[List[str]] = ...,
     chunksize: Optional[Union[int, bool]],
     s3_output: Optional[str] = ...,
-    workgroup: Optional[str] = ...,
+    workgroup: str = ...,
     encryption: Optional[str] = ...,
     kms_key: Optional[str] = ...,
     keep_files: bool = ...,
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ def unload(
     compression: Optional[str] = ...,
     field_delimiter: Optional[str] = ...,
     partitioned_by: Optional[List[str]] = ...,
-    workgroup: Optional[str] = ...,
+    workgroup: str = ...,
     encryption: Optional[str] = ...,
     kms_key: Optional[str] = ...,
     boto3_session: Optional[boto3.Session] = ...,
diff --git a/awswrangler/athena/_statements.py b/awswrangler/athena/_statements.py
index 9c5c50212..c6a043894 100644
--- a/awswrangler/athena/_statements.py
+++ b/awswrangler/athena/_statements.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ def _does_statement_exist(
 def create_prepared_statement(
     sql: str,
     statement_name: str,
-    workgroup: Optional[str] = None,
+    workgroup: str = "primary",
     mode: Literal["update", "error"] = "update",
     boto3_session: Optional[boto3.Session] = None,
 ) -> None:
@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ def create_prepared_statement(
         The query string for the prepared statement.
     statement_name : str
         The name of the prepared statement.
-    workgroup : str, optional
-        The name of the workgroup to which the prepared statement belongs.
+    workgroup : str
+        The name of the workgroup to which the prepared statement belongs. Primary by default.
     mode: str
         Determines the behaviour if the prepared statement already exists:
 
@@ -72,7 +72,6 @@ def create_prepared_statement(
         raise exceptions.InvalidArgumentValue("`mode` must be one of 'update' or 'error'.")
 
     athena_client = _utils.client("athena", session=boto3_session)
-    workgroup = workgroup if workgroup else "primary"
 
     already_exists = _does_statement_exist(statement_name, workgroup, athena_client)
     if already_exists and mode == "error":
@@ -95,16 +94,14 @@ def create_prepared_statement(
 
 
 @apply_configs
-def list_prepared_statements(
-    workgroup: Optional[str] = None, boto3_session: Optional[boto3.Session] = None
-) -> List[str]:
+def list_prepared_statements(workgroup: str = "primary", boto3_session: Optional[boto3.Session] = None) -> List[str]:
     """
     List the prepared statements in the specified workgroup.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
-    workgroup: str, optional
-        The name of the workgroup to which the prepared statement belongs.
+    workgroup: str
+        The name of the workgroup to which the prepared statement belongs. Primary by default.
     boto3_session : boto3.Session(), optional
         Boto3 Session. The default boto3 session will be used if boto3_session receive None.
 
@@ -115,7 +112,6 @@ def list_prepared_statements(
         Each item is a dictionary with the keys ``StatementName`` and ``LastModifiedTime``.
     """
     athena_client = _utils.client("athena", session=boto3_session)
-    workgroup = workgroup if workgroup else "primary"
 
     response = athena_client.list_prepared_statements(WorkGroup=workgroup)
     statements = response["PreparedStatements"]
@@ -130,7 +126,7 @@ def list_prepared_statements(
 @apply_configs
 def delete_prepared_statement(
     statement_name: str,
-    workgroup: Optional[str] = None,
+    workgroup: str = "primary",
     boto3_session: Optional[boto3.Session] = None,
 ) -> None:
     """
@@ -143,7 +139,7 @@ def delete_prepared_statement(
     statement_name : str
         The name of the prepared statement.
     workgroup : str, optional
-        The name of the workgroup to which the prepared statement belongs.
+        The name of the workgroup to which the prepared statement belongs. Primary by default.
     boto3_session : boto3.Session(), optional
         Boto3 Session. The default boto3 session will be used if boto3_session receive None.
 
diff --git a/awswrangler/athena/_utils.py b/awswrangler/athena/_utils.py
index 906bdf2ac..48e57bf9f 100644
--- a/awswrangler/athena/_utils.py
+++ b/awswrangler/athena/_utils.py
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ def _start_query_execution(
     return response["QueryExecutionId"]
 
 
-def _get_workgroup_config(session: Optional[boto3.Session] = None, workgroup: Optional[str] = None) -> _WorkGroupConfig:
+def _get_workgroup_config(session: Optional[boto3.Session] = None, workgroup: str = "primary") -> _WorkGroupConfig:
     enforced: bool
     wg_s3_output: Optional[str]
     wg_encryption: Optional[str]
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ def repair_table(
     database: Optional[str] = None,
     data_source: Optional[str] = None,
     s3_output: Optional[str] = None,
-    workgroup: Optional[str] = None,
+    workgroup: str = "primary",
     encryption: Optional[str] = None,
     kms_key: Optional[str] = None,
     athena_query_wait_polling_delay: float = _QUERY_WAIT_POLLING_DELAY,
@@ -501,8 +501,8 @@ def repair_table(
         Data Source / Catalog name. If None, 'AwsDataCatalog' is used.
     s3_output : str, optional
         AWS S3 path.
-    workgroup : str, optional
-        Athena workgroup.
+    workgroup : str
+        Athena workgroup. Primary by default.
     encryption : str, optional
         None, 'SSE_S3', 'SSE_KMS', 'CSE_KMS'.
     kms_key : str, optional
@@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ def describe_table(
     table: str,
     database: Optional[str] = None,
     s3_output: Optional[str] = None,
-    workgroup: Optional[str] = None,
+    workgroup: str = "primary",
     encryption: Optional[str] = None,
     kms_key: Optional[str] = None,
     athena_query_wait_polling_delay: float = _QUERY_WAIT_POLLING_DELAY,
@@ -577,8 +577,8 @@ def describe_table(
         AWS Glue/Athena database name.
     s3_output : str, optional
         AWS S3 path.
-    workgroup : str, optional
-        Athena workgroup.
+    workgroup : str
+        Athena workgroup. Primary by default.
     encryption : str, optional
         None, 'SSE_S3', 'SSE_KMS', 'CSE_KMS'.
     kms_key : str, optional
@@ -641,7 +641,7 @@ def create_ctas_table(  # pylint: disable=too-many-locals
     bucketing_info: Optional[typing.BucketingInfoTuple] = None,
     field_delimiter: Optional[str] = None,
     schema_only: bool = False,
-    workgroup: Optional[str] = None,
+    workgroup: str = "primary",
     data_source: Optional[str] = None,
     encryption: Optional[str] = None,
     kms_key: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -686,8 +686,8 @@ def create_ctas_table(  # pylint: disable=too-many-locals
         The single-character field delimiter for files in CSV, TSV, and text files.
     schema_only : bool, optional
         _description_, by default False
-    workgroup : Optional[str], optional
-        Athena workgroup.
+    workgroup : str
+        Athena workgroup. Primary by default.
     data_source : Optional[str], optional
         Data Source / Catalog name. If None, 'AwsDataCatalog' is used.
     encryption : str, optional
@@ -856,7 +856,7 @@ def show_create_table(
     table: str,
     database: Optional[str] = None,
     s3_output: Optional[str] = None,
-    workgroup: Optional[str] = None,
+    workgroup: str = "primary",
     encryption: Optional[str] = None,
     kms_key: Optional[str] = None,
     athena_query_wait_polling_delay: float = _QUERY_WAIT_POLLING_DELAY,
@@ -880,8 +880,8 @@ def show_create_table(
         AWS Glue/Athena database name.
     s3_output : str, optional
         AWS S3 path.
-    workgroup : str, optional
-        Athena workgroup.
+    workgroup : str
+        Athena workgroup. Primary by default.
     encryption : str, optional
         None, 'SSE_S3', 'SSE_KMS', 'CSE_KMS'.
     kms_key : str, optional
diff --git a/awswrangler/athena/_write_iceberg.py b/awswrangler/athena/_write_iceberg.py
index a1ac1c5f5..7e417dc20 100644
--- a/awswrangler/athena/_write_iceberg.py
+++ b/awswrangler/athena/_write_iceberg.py
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ def to_iceberg(
     partition_cols: Optional[List[str]] = None,
     keep_files: bool = True,
     data_source: Optional[str] = None,
-    workgroup: Optional[str] = None,
+    workgroup: str = "primary",
     encryption: Optional[str] = None,
     kms_key: Optional[str] = None,
     boto3_session: Optional[boto3.Session] = None,
@@ -237,8 +237,8 @@ def to_iceberg(
         Whether staging files produced by Athena are retained. 'True' by default.
     data_source : str, optional
         Data Source / Catalog name. If None, 'AwsDataCatalog' will be used by default.
-    workgroup : str, optional
-        Athena workgroup.
+    workgroup : str
+        Athena workgroup. Primary by default.
     encryption : str, optional
         Valid values: [None, 'SSE_S3', 'SSE_KMS']. Notice: 'CSE_KMS' is not supported.
     kms_key : str, optional
diff --git a/awswrangler/neptune/_neptune.py b/awswrangler/neptune/_neptune.py
index d13b17760..d8fbd8b03 100644
--- a/awswrangler/neptune/_neptune.py
+++ b/awswrangler/neptune/_neptune.py
@@ -176,6 +176,8 @@ def to_property_graph(
         raise exceptions.InvalidArgumentValue(
             "DataFrame must contain at least a ~id and a ~label column to be saved to Amazon Neptune"
         )
+    if df.empty:
+        raise exceptions.EmptyDataFrame("DataFrame cannot be empty.")
 
     # Loop through items in the DF
     for index, row in df.iterrows():
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_neptune.py b/tests/unit/test_neptune.py
index 012bbbda0..28f2581d6 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_neptune.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_neptune.py
@@ -492,6 +492,13 @@ def test_sparql_write_quads(neptune_endpoint, neptune_port) -> Dict[str, Any]:
     assert len(batch_df.index) == len(final_df.index) + 50
 
 
+def test_gremlin_write_empty(neptune_endpoint, neptune_port) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    client = wr.neptune.connect(neptune_endpoint, neptune_port)
+
+    with pytest.raises(wr.exceptions.EmptyDataFrame):
+        wr.neptune.to_property_graph(client, pd.DataFrame(columns=["~id", "~label"]))
+
+
 def _create_dummy_vertex(label: str = "foo") -> Dict[str, Any]:
     return {
         "~id": str(uuid.uuid4()),