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<meta name="description" content="Active Directory Domain Services Deployment Guide on AWS">
<meta name="keywords" content="Partner Solution, AWS, Active Directory Domain Services">
<title>Active Directory Domain Services on AWS</title>
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<body class="book toc2 toc-left">
<div id="header">
<div id="toc" class="toc2">
<div id="toctitle"></div>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#_overview">Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="#_costs_and_licenses">Costs and licenses</a></li>
<li><a href="#_architecture">Architecture</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_scenario_1_deploy_self_managed_ad">Scenario 1: Deploy self-managed AD</a></li>
<li><a href="#_scenario_2_extend_your_on_premises_ad">Scenario 2: Extend your on-premises AD</a></li>
<li><a href="#_scenario_3_deploy_aws_managed_microsoft_ad">Scenario 3: Deploy AWS Managed Microsoft AD</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_deployment_options">Deployment options</a></li>
<li><a href="#_plan_the_deployment">Plan the deployment</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_vpc_configuration">VPC configuration</a></li>
<li><a href="#_security_group_ingress_traffic">Security group ingress traffic</a></li>
<li><a href="#_help_set_up_secure_administrative_access_using_remote_desktop_gateway">Help set up secure administrative access using Remote Desktop Gateway</a></li>
<li><a href="#_active_directory_design">Active Directory design</a></li>
<li><a href="#_powershell_dsc_usage_in_the_ad_ds_solution">PowerShell DSC usage in the AD DS solution</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_predeployment_steps">Predeployment steps</a></li>
<li><a href="#_deployment_steps">Deployment steps</a></li>
<li><a href="#_postdeployment_steps">Postdeployment steps</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_run_windows_updates">Run Windows updates</a></li>
<li><a href="#_postdeployment_steps_for_scenario_2_only">Postdeployment steps for scenario 2 only</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_security">Security</a></li>
<li><a href="#_troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_i_encountered_a_create_failed_error_when_i_launched_the_solution">I encountered a CREATE_FAILED error when I launched the solution</a></li>
<li><a href="#_i_encountered_a_size_limitation_error_when_i_deployed_the_aws_cloudformation_templates">I encountered a size-limitation error when I deployed the AWS CloudFormation templates</a></li>
<li><a href="#_the_aws_cloudformation_deployment_failed_because_the_systems_manager_automation_document_failed">The AWS CloudFormation deployment failed because the Systems Manager Automation document failed</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_customer_responsibility">Customer responsibility</a></li>
<li><a href="#_feedback">Feedback</a></li>
<li><a href="#_notices">Notices</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
<div class="sectionbody">
<h2 id="_active_directory_domain_services_on_aws" class="discrete text-center">Active Directory Domain Services on AWS</h2>
<h2 id="_partner_solution_deployment_guide" class="discrete text-left text-center">Partner Solution Deployment Guide</h2>
<div class="imageblock text-center">
<div class="content">
<img src="https://aws-quickstart.s3.amazonaws.com/docs/deployment-guide/aws-quickstart-deployment-graphic.png" alt="QS" width="80" height="80">
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph text-center">
<p><strong>July 2023</strong><br>
<em>AWS Integration & Automation team</em><br></p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock text-left image-container">
<div class="content">
<img src="https://aws-quickstart.s3.amazonaws.com/cfn-ps-microsoft-activedirectory/docs/boilerplate/.images/aws-quickstart-graphic.png" alt="">
</div>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock tip">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-tip" title="Tip"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
Refer to the <a href="https://github.com/aws-ia/cfn-ps-microsoft-activedirectory" target="_blank" rel="noopener">GitHub repository</a> to view source files, report bugs, submit feature ideas, and post feedback about this Partner Solution. To comment on the documentation, refer to <a href="#_feedback">Feedback</a>.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="paragraph text-left">
<p>This Partner Solution was created by Amazon Web Services (AWS). <a href="https://aws.amazon.com/solutions/partners/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Partner Solutions</a> are automated reference deployments that help people deploy popular technologies on AWS according to AWS best practices. If you’re unfamiliar with AWS Partner Solutions, refer to the <a href="https://fwd.aws/rA69w?" target="_blank" rel="noopener">AWS Partner Solution General Information Guide</a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_overview">Overview</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This guide discusses architectural considerations and configuration steps for deploying a highly available Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) environment on the AWS Cloud. It also provides links for launching <a href="http://aws.amazon.com/cloudformation/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">AWS CloudFormation</a> templates that automate the deployment.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The guide is for IT infrastructure architects and administrators who want to design and deploy a solution to launch AD DS in the AWS Cloud or extend their on-premises AD DS into the AWS Cloud.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>AWS provides a comprehensive set of services and tools for deploying Microsoft Windows-based workloads on its cloud infrastructure. Microsoft AD DS and Domain Name System (DNS) are core Windows services that provide the foundation for many enterprise class Microsoft-based solutions, including Microsoft SharePoint, Microsoft Exchange, and .NET applications.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This solution is for organizations running workloads in the AWS Cloud to help set up secure, low-latency connectivity to AD DS and DNS services. After reading this guide, IT infrastructure personnel should have a good understanding of how to design and deploy a solution to launch AD DS in the AWS Cloud, or extend their on-premises AD DS into the AWS Cloud. The solution optionally deploys a one- or two-tier <a href="https://fwd.aws/a4Rdx" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Microsoft Public Key Infrastructure</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This guide focuses on infrastructure configuration topics that require careful consideration when you are planning and deploying AD DS, domain controller instances, and DNS services in the AWS Cloud. We don’t cover general Windows Server installation and software configuration tasks. For general software configuration guidance and best practices, consult the Microsoft product documentation.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_costs_and_licenses">Costs and licenses</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This solution launches the Amazon Machine Image (AMI) for Microsoft Windows Server 2019 and includes the license for the Windows Server operating system. The AMI is updated on a regular basis with the latest service pack for the operating system, so you don’t have to install any updates. The Windows Server AMI doesn’t require client access licenses (CALs). It includes two Microsoft Remote Desktop Services (RDS) licenses. For details, see <a href="https://aws.amazon.com/windows/resources/licensing/">Microsoft Licensing on AWS</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>For more information, refer to the <a href="https://fwd.aws/rA69w?" target="_blank" rel="noopener">AWS Partner Solution General Information Guide</a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_architecture">Architecture</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This solution provides separate AWS CloudFormation templates to support three deployment scenarios. For each scenario, you also have the option to create a new virtual private cloud (VPC) or use your existing VPC infrastructure. Choose the scenario that best fits your needs.</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Scenario 1: Deploy and manage your own AD DS installation on the Amazon EC2 instances.</strong> The AWS CloudFormation template for this scenario builds the AWS Cloud infrastructure, and sets up and configures AD DS and AD-integrated DNS on the AWS Cloud. It doesn’t include AWS Directory Service, so you handle all AD DS maintenance and monitoring tasks yourself. You can also choose to deploy the solution into your existing VPC infrastructure.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Scenario 2: Extend your on-premises AD DS to AWS on Amazon EC2 instances.</strong> The AWS CloudFormation template for this scenario builds the base AWS Cloud infrastructure for AD DS, and you perform several manual steps to extend your existing network to AWS and to promote your domain controllers. As in scenario 1, you manage all AD DS tasks yourself. You can also choose to deploy the solution into your existing VPC infrastructure.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Scenario 3: Deploy AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory (AWS Managed Microsoft AD).</strong> The AWS CloudFormation template for this scenario builds the base AWS Cloud infrastructure and then deploys AWS Managed Microsoft AD on the AWS Cloud. AWS Directory Service takes care of AD DS tasks such as building a highly available directory topology, monitoring domain controllers, and configuring backups and snapshots. As with the first two scenarios, you can choose to deploy the solution into an existing VPC infrastructure.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>For all new AD DS installations, the solution also deploys AD DS and AD-integrated DNS, and it sets up Active Directory sites and subnets.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The following sections discuss the architecture for each scenario.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_scenario_1_deploy_self_managed_ad">Scenario 1: Deploy self-managed AD</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Scenario 1 is based on a new installation of AD DS in the AWS Cloud without AWS Directory Service.</p>
</div>
<div id="architecture1" class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="docs/deployment_guide/images/AD-architecture-scenario1.png" alt="Architecture scenario 1" width="75%">
</div>
<div class="title">Figure 1. Scenario 1—Architecture for self-managed AD DS on AWS</div>
</div>