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Microsoft Security Advisory CVE-2020-0602 : ASP.NET Core Denial of Service Vulnerability
Executive summary
Microsoft is releasing this security advisory to provide information about a vulnerability in ASP.NET Core. This advisory also provides guidance on what developers can do to update their applications to remove this vulnerability.
Microsoft is aware of a denial of service vulnerability exists when ASP.NET Core improperly handles web requests. An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could cause a denial of service against an ASP.NET Core web application. The vulnerability can be exploited remotely, without authentication.
A remote unauthenticated attacker could exploit this vulnerability by issuing specially crafted requests to the ASP.NET Core application.
The update addresses the vulnerability by correcting how the ASP.NET Core web application handles web requests.
Microsoft has not identified any mitigating factors for this vulnerability.
How do I know if I am affected?
If you have a runtime or SDK with a version that is listed in affected software or your application has a dependency on any of the packages listed in affected packages, you're exposed to the vulnerability.
Affected software
Any .NET Core 2.1, 3.0 or 3.1 application using SignalR.
Affected packages
Any ASP.NET Core-based application that uses any of the vulnerable packages that are shown below, or any ASP.NET Core application running on .NET Core 2.1.x, 3.0.0, 3.0.1 or 3.1.0.
Package name
Vulnerable versions
Secure versions
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Connections
1.0.0 - 1.0.4
1.0.15
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App
2.1.0 - 2.1.14 3.0.0 3.1.0
2.1.15 3.0.1 3.1.1
Microsoft.AspNetCore.All
2.1.0 - 2.1.14
2.1.15
How do I fix the issue?
First examine the versions of .NET Core you have installed. You can list the versions you have installed by running the dotnet --info command. You will see output like the following;
.NET Core SDK (reflecting any global.json):
Version: 3.1.100
Commit: cd82f021f4
Runtime Environment:
OS Name: Windows
OS Version: 10.0.18363
OS Platform: Windows
RID: win10-x64
Base Path: C:\Program Files\dotnet\sdk\3.1.100\
Host (useful for support):
Version: 3.1.0
Commit: 65f04fb6db
.NET Core SDKs installed:
2.1.802 [C:\Program Files\dotnet\sdk]
3.0.101 [C:\Program Files\dotnet\sdk]
3.1.100 [C:\Program Files\dotnet\sdk]
.NET Core runtimes installed:
Microsoft.AspNetCore.All 2.1.14 [C:\Program Files\dotnet\shared\Microsoft.AspNetCore.All]
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App 2.1.14 [C:\Program Files\dotnet\shared\Microsoft.AspNetCore.App]
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App 3.0.1 [C:\Program Files\dotnet\shared\Microsoft.AspNetCore.App]
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App 3.1.0 [C:\Program Files\dotnet\shared\Microsoft.AspNetCore.App]
Microsoft.NETCore.App 2.1.14 [C:\Program Files\dotnet\shared\Microsoft.NETCore.App]
Microsoft.NETCore.App 3.0.1 [C:\Program Files\dotnet\shared\Microsoft.NETCore.App]
Microsoft.NETCore.App 3.1.0 [C:\Program Files\dotnet\shared\Microsoft.NETCore.App]
Microsoft.WindowsDesktop.App 3.0.1 [C:\Program Files\dotnet\shared\Microsoft.WindowsDesktop.App]
Microsoft.WindowsDesktop.App 3.1.0 [C:\Program Files\dotnet\shared\Microsoft.WindowsDesktop.App]
To install additional .NET Core runtimes or SDKs:
https://aka.ms/dotnet-download
Updated runtimes and SDKs
For machines running .NET Core 2.1, you should download and install Runtime 2.1.511 or SDK 2.1.511 (Visual Studio 2017) or SDK 2.1.608 (Visual Studio 2019) from https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download/dotnet-core/2.1.
If you have multiple runtimes or SDKs installed, you must update all runtimes or SDKs separately.
Once you've installed the updated runtime or SDK, restart your apps for the update to take effect.
Applications targeting .NET Core runtime
Update your runtime and SDKs to the versions listed in Updated runtimes and SDKs then restart your application.
Applications targeting .NET Framework
First update your .NET Core runtimes and SDKs to the versions listed in Updated runtimes and SDKs. As targeting .NET Framework adds dependencies for various packages, you must update the dependencies your application uses, recompile, and redeploy your application.
Direct dependencies
Direct dependencies are discoverable by examining your csproj file. They can be fixed by editing the project file or using NuGet to update the dependency.
Transitive dependencies
Transitive dependencies occur when you add a package to your project that in turn relies on another package. For example, if Contoso publishes a package Contoso.Utility that, in turn, depends on Contoso.Internals and you add the Contoso.Utility package to your project now your project has a direct dependency on Contoso.Utility and, because Contoso.Utility depends 'Contoso.Internals', your application gains a transitive dependency on the Contoso.Internals package.
Transitive dependencies are reviewable in two ways:
In the Visual Studio Solution Explorer window, which supports searching.
By examining the project.assets.json file contained in the obj directory of your project for csproj based projects
The project.assets.json files are the authoritative list of all packages used by your project, containing both direct and transitive dependencies.
To use Solution Explorer, open the project in Visual Studio, and then press Ctrl+; to activate the search in Solution Explorer. Search for the vulnerable package and make a note of the version numbers of any results you find.
For example, searching for Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Core in an example project that contains a package that takes a dependency on Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc shows the following results in Visual Studio 2017:
The search results appear as a tree. In the previous results, you can see that a reference to Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Core version 1.1.2 is discovered.
Under the Dependencies node is a NuGet node. Under the NuGet node is the list of packages you have directly taken a dependency on and their versions.
In screenshot, the application takes a direct dependency on Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc. Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc in turn has leaf nodes that list its dependencies and their versions.
The Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc package takes a dependency on a version of Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ApiExplorer, that in turn takes a dependency on a version of Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Core.
Manually reviewing project.assets.json
Open the project.assets.json file from your project’s obj directory in your editor. We suggest you use an editor that understands JSON and allows you to collapse and expand nodes to review this file.
Visual Studio and Visual Studio Code provide JSON-friendly editing.
Search the project.assets.json file for the vulnerable package, using the format packagename/ for each of the package names from the preceding table. If you find the assembly name in your search:
Examine the line on which they are found, the version number is after the /.
For example, a search result that shows System.IO.Pipelines/4.5.0 is a reference to version 4.5.0 of System.IO.Pipelines.
If your project.assets.json file includes references to the vulnerable package, then you need to fix the transitive dependencies.
If you haven't found any reference to any vulnerable packages, this means one of the following:
None of your direct dependencies depend on any vulnerable packages.
You have already fixed the problem by updating the direct dependencies.
Fixing Dependencies
Fixing direct dependencies
Open projectname.csproj in your editor. If you're using Visual Studio, right-click the project and choose Edit projectname.csproj from the context menu, where projectname is the name of your project. Look for PackageReference elements. The following shows an example project file:
The preceding example has a reference to the vulnerable package, as seen by the single PackageReference element. The name of the package is in the Include attribute.
The package version number is in the Version attribute. The previous example shows a single direct dependency on System.IO.Pipelines version 4.5.0
To update the version to the secure package, change the version number to the updated package version as listed on the table previously.
In this example, update System.IO.Pipelines to the appropriate fixed package number for your major version. Save the csproj file. The example csproj now looks as follows:
If you're using Visual Studio and you save your updated csproj file, Visual Studio will restore the new package version.
You can see the restore results by opening the Output window (Ctrl+Alt+O) and changing the Show output from drop-down list to Package Manager.
If you're not using Visual Studio, open a command line and change to your project directory. Execute the dotnet restore command to restore the updated dependencies.
Now recompile your application. If after recompilation you see a Dependency conflict warning, you must update your other direct dependencies to versions that take a dependency on the updated package.
Fixing transitive dependencies
If your transitive dependency review found references to the vulnerable package, you must add a direct dependency to the updated package to your csproj file to override the transitive dependency.
Open projectname.csproj in your editor. If you're using Visual Studio, right-click the project and choose Edit projectname.csproj from the context menu, where projectname is the name of your project.
Look for PackageReference nodes, for example:
You must add a direct dependency to the updated version of the vulnerable package by adding it to the csproj file.
You do this by adding a new line to the dependencies section, referencing the fixed version.
For example, if your search showed a transitive reference to a vulnerable System.ServiceModel.Http version, you'd add a reference to the fixed package number.
After you've added the direct dependency reference, save your csproj file.
If you're using Visual Studio, save your updated csproj file and Visual Studio will restore the new package versions.
You can see the restore results by opening the Output window (Ctrl+Alt+O) and changing the Show output from drop-down list to Package Manager.
If you're not using Visual Studio, open a command line and change to your project directory. Execute the dotnet restore command to restore the new dependencies.
Finally, you must rebuild your application, test, and redeploy.
Other Information
Reporting Security Issues
If you have found a potential security issue in .NET Core, please email details to [email protected]. Reports may qualify for the .NET Core Bug Bounty. Details of the .NET Core Bug Bounty including terms and conditions are at https://aka.ms/corebounty.
The information provided in this advisory is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind. Microsoft disclaims all warranties, either express or implied, including the warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. In no event shall Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers be liable for any damages whatsoever including direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, loss of business profits or special damages, even if Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers have been advised of the possibility of such damages. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages so the foregoing limitation may not apply.
Microsoft Security Advisory CVE-2020-0602 : ASP.NET Core Denial of Service Vulnerability
Executive summary
Microsoft is releasing this security advisory to provide information about a vulnerability in ASP.NET Core. This advisory also provides guidance on what developers can do to update their applications to remove this vulnerability.
Microsoft is aware of a denial of service vulnerability exists when ASP.NET Core improperly handles web requests. An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could cause a denial of service against an ASP.NET Core web application. The vulnerability can be exploited remotely, without authentication.
A remote unauthenticated attacker could exploit this vulnerability by issuing specially crafted requests to the ASP.NET Core application.
The update addresses the vulnerability by correcting how the ASP.NET Core web application handles web requests.
Discussion
Discussion for this issue can be found at dotnet/aspnetcore#18336
Mitigation factors
Microsoft has not identified any mitigating factors for this vulnerability.
How do I know if I am affected?
If you have a runtime or SDK with a version that is listed in affected software or your application has a dependency on any of the packages listed in affected packages, you're exposed to the vulnerability.
Affected software
Any .NET Core 2.1, 3.0 or 3.1 application using SignalR.
Affected packages
Any ASP.NET Core-based application that uses any of the vulnerable packages that are shown below, or any ASP.NET Core application running on .NET Core 2.1.x, 3.0.0, 3.0.1 or 3.1.0.
3.0.0
3.1.0
3.0.1
3.1.1
How do I fix the issue?
First examine the versions of .NET Core you have installed. You can list the versions you have installed by running the
dotnet --info
command. You will see output like the following;Updated runtimes and SDKs
If you have multiple runtimes or SDKs installed, you must update all runtimes or SDKs separately.
Once you've installed the updated runtime or SDK, restart your apps for the update to take effect.
Applications targeting .NET Core runtime
Update your runtime and SDKs to the versions listed in Updated runtimes and SDKs then restart your application.
Applications targeting .NET Framework
First update your .NET Core runtimes and SDKs to the versions listed in Updated runtimes and SDKs. As targeting .NET Framework adds dependencies for various packages, you must update the dependencies your application uses, recompile, and redeploy your application.
Direct dependencies
Direct dependencies are discoverable by examining your
csproj
file. They can be fixed by editing the project file or using NuGet to update the dependency.Transitive dependencies
Transitive dependencies occur when you add a package to your project that in turn relies on another package. For example, if Contoso publishes a package
Contoso.Utility
that, in turn, depends onContoso.Internals
and you add theContoso.Utility
package to your project now your project has a direct dependency onContoso.Utility
and, becauseContoso.Utility
depends 'Contoso.Internals', your application gains a transitive dependency on theContoso.Internals
package.Transitive dependencies are reviewable in two ways:
project.assets.json
file contained in the obj directory of your project forcsproj
based projectsThe
project.assets.json
files are the authoritative list of all packages used by your project, containing both direct and transitive dependencies.There are two ways to view transitive dependencies. You can either use Visual Studio’s Solution Explorer, or you can review the
project.assets.json
file).Using Visual Studio Solution Explorer
To use Solution Explorer, open the project in Visual Studio, and then press Ctrl+; to activate the search in Solution Explorer. Search for the vulnerable package and make a note of the version numbers of any results you find.
For example, searching for
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Core
in an example project that contains a package that takes a dependency onMicrosoft.AspNetCore.Mvc
shows the following results in Visual Studio 2017:The search results appear as a tree. In the previous results, you can see that a reference to
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Core
version 1.1.2 is discovered.Under the Dependencies node is a NuGet node. Under the NuGet node is the list of packages you have directly taken a dependency on and their versions.
In screenshot, the application takes a direct dependency on
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc
.Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc
in turn has leaf nodes that list its dependencies and their versions.The
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc
package takes a dependency on a version ofMicrosoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ApiExplorer
, that in turn takes a dependency on a version ofMicrosoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Core
.Manually reviewing project.assets.json
Open the project.assets.json file from your project’s obj directory in your editor. We suggest you use an editor that understands JSON and allows you to collapse and expand nodes to review this file.
Visual Studio and Visual Studio Code provide JSON-friendly editing.
Search the project.assets.json file for the vulnerable package, using the format
packagename/
for each of the package names from the preceding table. If you find the assembly name in your search:/
.For example, a search result that shows
System.IO.Pipelines/4.5.0
is a reference to version 4.5.0 ofSystem.IO.Pipelines
.If your project.assets.json file includes references to the vulnerable package, then you need to fix the transitive dependencies.
If you haven't found any reference to any vulnerable packages, this means one of the following:
Fixing Dependencies
Fixing direct dependencies
Open projectname.csproj in your editor. If you're using Visual Studio, right-click the project and choose Edit projectname.csproj from the context menu, where projectname is the name of your project. Look for
PackageReference
elements. The following shows an example project file:The preceding example has a reference to the vulnerable package, as seen by the single
PackageReference
element. The name of the package is in theInclude
attribute.The package version number is in the
Version
attribute. The previous example shows a single direct dependency onSystem.IO.Pipelines
version 4.5.0To update the version to the secure package, change the version number to the updated package version as listed on the table previously.
In this example, update
System.IO.Pipelines
to the appropriate fixed package number for your major version. Save the csproj file. The example csproj now looks as follows:If you're using Visual Studio and you save your updated csproj file, Visual Studio will restore the new package version.
You can see the restore results by opening the Output window (Ctrl+Alt+O) and changing the Show output from drop-down list to Package Manager.
If you're not using Visual Studio, open a command line and change to your project directory. Execute the
dotnet restore
command to restore the updated dependencies.Now recompile your application. If after recompilation you see a Dependency conflict warning, you must update your other direct dependencies to versions that take a dependency on the updated package.
Fixing transitive dependencies
If your transitive dependency review found references to the vulnerable package, you must add a direct dependency to the updated package to your csproj file to override the transitive dependency.
Open projectname.csproj in your editor. If you're using Visual Studio, right-click the project and choose Edit projectname.csproj from the context menu, where projectname is the name of your project.
Look for
PackageReference
nodes, for example:You must add a direct dependency to the updated version of the vulnerable package by adding it to the csproj file.
You do this by adding a new line to the dependencies section, referencing the fixed version.
For example, if your search showed a transitive reference to a vulnerable
System.ServiceModel.Http
version, you'd add a reference to the fixed package number.After you've added the direct dependency reference, save your csproj file.
If you're using Visual Studio, save your updated csproj file and Visual Studio will restore the new package versions.
You can see the restore results by opening the Output window (Ctrl+Alt+O) and changing the Show output from drop-down list to Package Manager.
If you're not using Visual Studio, open a command line and change to your project directory. Execute the
dotnet restore
command to restore the new dependencies.Finally, you must rebuild your application, test, and redeploy.
Other Information
Reporting Security Issues
If you have found a potential security issue in .NET Core, please email details to [email protected]. Reports may qualify for the .NET Core Bug Bounty. Details of the .NET Core Bug Bounty including terms and conditions are at https://aka.ms/corebounty.
Support
You can ask questions about this issue on GitHub in the .NET Core GitHub organization. The main repos are located at https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/ and https://github.com/dotnet/aspnet/. The Announcements repo (https://github.com/dotnet/Announcements) will contain this bulletin as an issue and will include a link to a discussion issue. You can ask questions in the linked discussion issue.
Disclaimer
The information provided in this advisory is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind. Microsoft disclaims all warranties, either express or implied, including the warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. In no event shall Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers be liable for any damages whatsoever including direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, loss of business profits or special damages, even if Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers have been advised of the possibility of such damages. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages so the foregoing limitation may not apply.
Acknowledgments
Tom Deseyn of Red Hat
External Links
CVE-2020-0602
Revisions
V1.0 (January 14, 2020): Advisory published.
Version 1.0
Last Updated 2020-01-14
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