[3.0] Add safe foreach in RpcInvocation & Revert synchronizedMap in RpcInvocation

[AlbumenJ]

Fix issue #10078.

For multi-language implementation Interoperability purposes, changing HashMap to any other Map implementations (#10139) is not approachable, because HashMap (the attachment) will be passed directly on the wire so if we did that other SDKs won't be able to decode.

[chickenlj]

This change looks good to me.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 58.97436% with 48 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 65.73%. Comparing base (64a96c5) to head (cd52a56).
Report is 135 commits behind head on 3.0.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
.../main/java/org/apache/dubbo/rpc/RpcInvocation.java	56.32%	30 Missing and 8 partials ⚠️
...rc/main/java/com/alibaba/dubbo/rpc/Invocation.java	0.00%	3 Missing ⚠️
...apache/dubbo/rpc/protocol/dubbo/DubboProtocol.java	70.00%	3 Missing ⚠️
...org/apache/dubbo/rpc/filter/TokenHeaderFilter.java	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
...dubbo/rpc/protocol/dubbo/CallbackServiceCodec.java	0.00%	0 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️
.../apache/dubbo/rpc/protocol/injvm/InjvmInvoker.java	50.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
...g/apache/dubbo/rpc/protocol/tri/TripleInvoker.java	80.00%	0 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##                3.0   #10160      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     65.68%   65.73%   +0.05%     
- Complexity      297      320      +23     
============================================
  Files          1224     1224              
  Lines         53325    53355      +30     
  Branches       8062     8069       +7     
============================================
+ Hits          35025    35075      +50     
+ Misses        14480    14462      -18     
+ Partials       3820     3818       -2     

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