diff --git a/java/vector/src/main/java/org/apache/arrow/vector/util/MapWithOrdinalImpl.java b/java/vector/src/main/java/org/apache/arrow/vector/util/MapWithOrdinalImpl.java
index 41ce1fc0d10aa..3612d677ed5a9 100644
--- a/java/vector/src/main/java/org/apache/arrow/vector/util/MapWithOrdinalImpl.java
+++ b/java/vector/src/main/java/org/apache/arrow/vector/util/MapWithOrdinalImpl.java
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 import java.util.AbstractMap;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
 public class MapWithOrdinalImpl<K, V> implements MapWithOrdinal<K, V> {
   private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MapWithOrdinalImpl.class);
 
-  private final Map<K, Map.Entry<Integer, V>> primary = new HashMap<>();
+  private final Map<K, Map.Entry<Integer, V>> primary = new LinkedHashMap<>();
   private final IntObjectHashMap<V> secondary = new IntObjectHashMap<>();
 
   private final Map<K, V> delegate = new Map<K, V>() {
diff --git a/java/vector/src/test/java/org/apache/arrow/vector/TestStructVector.java b/java/vector/src/test/java/org/apache/arrow/vector/TestStructVector.java
index 734ff46311598..b4c30480000c8 100644
--- a/java/vector/src/test/java/org/apache/arrow/vector/TestStructVector.java
+++ b/java/vector/src/test/java/org/apache/arrow/vector/TestStructVector.java
@@ -19,17 +19,20 @@
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.*;
 
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 
 import org.apache.arrow.memory.BufferAllocator;
+import org.apache.arrow.vector.complex.AbstractStructVector;
 import org.apache.arrow.vector.complex.ListVector;
 import org.apache.arrow.vector.complex.StructVector;
 import org.apache.arrow.vector.complex.UnionVector;
 import org.apache.arrow.vector.holders.ComplexHolder;
 import org.apache.arrow.vector.types.Types.MinorType;
 import org.apache.arrow.vector.types.pojo.ArrowType.Struct;
+import org.apache.arrow.vector.types.pojo.Field;
 import org.apache.arrow.vector.types.pojo.FieldType;
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Assert;
@@ -171,13 +174,112 @@ public void testAddOrGetComplexChildVectors() {
       vector.addOrGetStruct("struct");
       vector.addOrGetMap("map", true);
 
-      List<FieldVector> childrens = vector.getChildrenFromFields();
-      assertEquals(5, childrens.size());
-      assertEquals(MinorType.LIST, childrens.get(0).getMinorType());
-      assertEquals(MinorType.FIXED_SIZE_LIST, childrens.get(1).getMinorType());
-      assertEquals(MinorType.UNION, childrens.get(2).getMinorType());
-      assertEquals(MinorType.STRUCT, childrens.get(3).getMinorType());
-      assertEquals(MinorType.MAP, childrens.get(4).getMinorType());
+      List<FieldVector> children = vector.getChildrenFromFields();
+      assertEquals(5, children.size());
+      assertEquals(MinorType.LIST, children.get(0).getMinorType());
+      assertEquals(MinorType.FIXED_SIZE_LIST, children.get(1).getMinorType());
+      assertEquals(MinorType.UNION, children.get(2).getMinorType());
+      assertEquals(MinorType.STRUCT, children.get(3).getMinorType());
+      assertEquals(MinorType.MAP, children.get(4).getMinorType());
     }
   }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testAddChildVectorsWithDuplicatedFieldNamesForConflictPolicyAppend() {
+    final FieldType type = new FieldType(true, Struct.INSTANCE, null, null);
+    try (StructVector vector = new StructVector("struct", allocator, type, null,
+        AbstractStructVector.ConflictPolicy.CONFLICT_APPEND, true)) {
+      final List<Field> initFields = new ArrayList<>();
+
+      // Add a bit more fields to test against stability of the internal field
+      // ordering mechanism of StructVector
+      initFields.add(Field.nullable("varchar1", MinorType.VARCHAR.getType()));
+      initFields.add(Field.nullable("int1", MinorType.INT.getType()));
+      initFields.add(Field.nullable("varchar2", MinorType.VARCHAR.getType()));
+      initFields.add(Field.nullable("int2", MinorType.INT.getType()));
+      initFields.add(Field.nullable("varchar3", MinorType.VARCHAR.getType()));
+      initFields.add(Field.nullable("int3", MinorType.INT.getType()));
+      initFields.add(Field.nullable("uncertain-type", MinorType.INT.getType()));
+
+      // To ensure duplicated field names don't mess up the original field order
+      // in the struct vector
+      initFields.add(Field.nullable("varchar1", MinorType.VARCHAR.getType()));
+      initFields.add(Field.nullable("varchar2", MinorType.VARCHAR.getType()));
+      initFields.add(Field.nullable("varchar3", MinorType.VARCHAR.getType()));
+      initFields.add(Field.nullable("uncertain-type", MinorType.VARCHAR.getType()));
+
+      vector.initializeChildrenFromFields(initFields);
+
+      List<FieldVector> children = vector.getChildrenFromFields();
+      assertEquals(11, children.size());
+      assertEquals("varchar1", children.get(0).getName());
+      assertEquals("int1", children.get(1).getName());
+      assertEquals("varchar2", children.get(2).getName());
+      assertEquals("int2", children.get(3).getName());
+      assertEquals("varchar3", children.get(4).getName());
+      assertEquals("int3", children.get(5).getName());
+      assertEquals("uncertain-type", children.get(6).getName());
+      assertEquals("varchar1", children.get(7).getName());
+      assertEquals("varchar2", children.get(8).getName());
+      assertEquals("varchar3", children.get(9).getName());
+      assertEquals("uncertain-type", children.get(10).getName());
+      assertEquals(MinorType.VARCHAR, children.get(0).getMinorType());
+      assertEquals(MinorType.INT, children.get(1).getMinorType());
+      assertEquals(MinorType.VARCHAR, children.get(2).getMinorType());
+      assertEquals(MinorType.INT, children.get(3).getMinorType());
+      assertEquals(MinorType.VARCHAR, children.get(4).getMinorType());
+      assertEquals(MinorType.INT, children.get(5).getMinorType());
+      assertEquals(MinorType.INT, children.get(6).getMinorType());
+      assertEquals(MinorType.VARCHAR, children.get(7).getMinorType());
+      assertEquals(MinorType.VARCHAR, children.get(8).getMinorType());
+      assertEquals(MinorType.VARCHAR, children.get(9).getMinorType());
+      assertEquals(MinorType.VARCHAR, children.get(10).getMinorType());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testAddChildVectorsWithDuplicatedFieldNamesForConflictPolicyReplace() {
+    final FieldType type = new FieldType(true, Struct.INSTANCE, null, null);
+    try (StructVector vector = new StructVector("struct", allocator, type, null,
+        AbstractStructVector.ConflictPolicy.CONFLICT_REPLACE, true)) {
+      final List<Field> initFields = new ArrayList<>();
+
+      // Add a bit more fields to test against stability of the internal field
+      // ordering mechanism of StructVector
+      initFields.add(Field.nullable("varchar1", MinorType.VARCHAR.getType()));
+      initFields.add(Field.nullable("int1", MinorType.INT.getType()));
+      initFields.add(Field.nullable("varchar2", MinorType.VARCHAR.getType()));
+      initFields.add(Field.nullable("int2", MinorType.INT.getType()));
+      initFields.add(Field.nullable("varchar3", MinorType.VARCHAR.getType()));
+      initFields.add(Field.nullable("int3", MinorType.INT.getType()));
+      initFields.add(Field.nullable("uncertain-type", MinorType.INT.getType()));
+
+      // To ensure duplicated field names don't mess up the original field order
+      // in the struct vector
+      initFields.add(Field.nullable("varchar1", MinorType.VARCHAR.getType()));
+      initFields.add(Field.nullable("varchar2", MinorType.VARCHAR.getType()));
+      initFields.add(Field.nullable("varchar3", MinorType.VARCHAR.getType()));
+      initFields.add(Field.nullable("uncertain-type", MinorType.VARCHAR.getType()));
+
+      vector.initializeChildrenFromFields(initFields);
+
+      List<FieldVector> children = vector.getChildrenFromFields();
+      assertEquals(7, children.size());
+      assertEquals("varchar1", children.get(0).getName());
+      assertEquals("int1", children.get(1).getName());
+      assertEquals("varchar2", children.get(2).getName());
+      assertEquals("int2", children.get(3).getName());
+      assertEquals("varchar3", children.get(4).getName());
+      assertEquals("int3", children.get(5).getName());
+      assertEquals("uncertain-type", children.get(6).getName());
+      assertEquals(MinorType.VARCHAR, children.get(0).getMinorType());
+      assertEquals(MinorType.INT, children.get(1).getMinorType());
+      assertEquals(MinorType.VARCHAR, children.get(2).getMinorType());
+      assertEquals(MinorType.INT, children.get(3).getMinorType());
+      assertEquals(MinorType.VARCHAR, children.get(4).getMinorType());
+      assertEquals(MinorType.INT, children.get(5).getMinorType());
+      assertEquals(MinorType.VARCHAR, children.get(6).getMinorType());
+    }
+  }
+
 }