[object_store] support more identity based auth flows for azure

[roeap]

Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge? Please describe what you are trying to do.

In production deployments within azure. identity based access to resources is often the preferred method of authorization. It would be great for the object_store crate to support a larger variety of identity based authorization flows, such as managed identities or federated workload identities.

Describe the solution you'd like
object store should support managed identities and federated workload identities for authorizing against storage accounts.

Describe alternatives you've considered
not supporting it.

Additional context

[tustvold]

label_issue.py automatically added labels {'object-store'} from #3581