⛽️ Benchmarks for other networks

Ethereum Mainnet

Run parameters

Parameter	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Gas price (gwei)	`1.226061452`	`24.05`
L1 base fee (gwei)	`-`	`-`
L1 base fee scalar	`-`	`-`
Blob base fee (wei)	`-`	`-`
Blob base fee scalar	`-`	`-`
ETH price (USD)	`$3192.59`	`-`

User Operation: Account creation

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.91205`	`$17.89046`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$3.35985`	`$65.90573`
Biconomy Nexus	`$1.34019`	`$26.28863`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`$1.29152`	`$25.33392`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`$1.32468`	`$25.98442`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$1.15981`	`$22.75052`
Safe v1.4.1	`$1.70463`	`$33.43739`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`$1.04473`	`$20.49314`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`$1.14620`	`$22.48340`
Alchemy Light Account	`$1.21552`	`$23.84320`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`$1.24438`	`$24.40924`
Simple Account	`$1.16399`	`$22.83237`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`233004`	`0.000285677`	`-`	`-`	`0.000285677`	`$0.91205`
Alchemy Modular Account	`858351`	`0.001052391`	`-`	`-`	`0.001052391`	`$3.35985`
Biconomy Nexus	`342381`	`0.000419780`	`-`	`-`	`0.000419780`	`$1.34019`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`329947`	`0.000404535`	`-`	`-`	`0.000404535`	`$1.29152`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`338419`	`0.000414922`	`-`	`-`	`0.000414922`	`$1.32468`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`296301`	`0.000363283`	`-`	`-`	`0.000363283`	`$1.15981`
Safe v1.4.1	`435486`	`0.000533933`	`-`	`-`	`0.000533933`	`$1.70463`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`266901`	`0.000327237`	`-`	`-`	`0.000327237`	`$1.04473`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`292822`	`0.000359018`	`-`	`-`	`0.000359018`	`$1.14620`
Alchemy Light Account	`310532`	`0.000380731`	`-`	`-`	`0.000380731`	`$1.21552`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`317904`	`0.000389770`	`-`	`-`	`0.000389770`	`$1.24438`
Simple Account	`297367`	`0.000364590`	`-`	`-`	`0.000364590`	`$1.16399`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`233004`	`0.005603746`	`-`	`-`	`0.005603746`	`$17.89046`
Alchemy Modular Account	`858351`	`0.020643342`	`-`	`-`	`0.020643342`	`$65.90573`
Biconomy Nexus	`342381`	`0.008234263`	`-`	`-`	`0.008234263`	`$26.28863`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`329947`	`0.007935225`	`-`	`-`	`0.007935225`	`$25.33392`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`338419`	`0.008138977`	`-`	`-`	`0.008138977`	`$25.98442`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`296301`	`0.007126039`	`-`	`-`	`0.007126039`	`$22.75052`
Safe v1.4.1	`435486`	`0.010473438`	`-`	`-`	`0.010473438`	`$33.43739`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`266901`	`0.006418969`	`-`	`-`	`0.006418969`	`$20.49314`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`292822`	`0.007042369`	`-`	`-`	`0.007042369`	`$22.48340`
Alchemy Light Account	`310532`	`0.007468295`	`-`	`-`	`0.007468295`	`$23.84320`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`317904`	`0.007645591`	`-`	`-`	`0.007645591`	`$24.40924`
Simple Account	`297367`	`0.007151676`	`-`	`-`	`0.007151676`	`$22.83237`

User Operation: Native transfer

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.62130`	`$12.18719`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$0.64625`	`$12.67667`
Biconomy Nexus	`$0.64332`	`$12.61916`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`$0.63377`	`$12.43189`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`$0.74729`	`$14.65856`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$0.63959`	`$12.54599`
Safe v1.4.1	`$0.69079`	`$13.55037`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`$0.59122`	`$11.59712`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`$0.59164`	`$11.60541`
Alchemy Light Account	`$0.59842`	`$11.73840`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`$0.61381`	`$12.04031`
Simple Account	`$0.59124`	`$11.59751`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`158725`	`0.000194607`	`-`	`-`	`0.000194607`	`$0.62130`
Alchemy Modular Account	`165100`	`0.000202423`	`-`	`-`	`0.000202423`	`$0.64625`
Biconomy Nexus	`164351`	`0.000201504`	`-`	`-`	`0.000201504`	`$0.64332`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`161912`	`0.000198514`	`-`	`-`	`0.000198514`	`$0.63377`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`190912`	`0.000234070`	`-`	`-`	`0.000234070`	`$0.74729`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`163398`	`0.000200336`	`-`	`-`	`0.000200336`	`$0.63959`
Safe v1.4.1	`176479`	`0.000216374`	`-`	`-`	`0.000216374`	`$0.69079`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`151040`	`0.000185184`	`-`	`-`	`0.000185184`	`$0.59122`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`151148`	`0.000185317`	`-`	`-`	`0.000185317`	`$0.59164`
Alchemy Light Account	`152880`	`0.000187440`	`-`	`-`	`0.000187440`	`$0.59842`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`156812`	`0.000192261`	`-`	`-`	`0.000192261`	`$0.61381`
Simple Account	`151045`	`0.000185190`	`-`	`-`	`0.000185190`	`$0.59124`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`158725`	`0.003817336`	`-`	`-`	`0.003817336`	`$12.18719`
Alchemy Modular Account	`165100`	`0.003970655`	`-`	`-`	`0.003970655`	`$12.67667`
Biconomy Nexus	`164351`	`0.003952642`	`-`	`-`	`0.003952642`	`$12.61916`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`161912`	`0.003893984`	`-`	`-`	`0.003893984`	`$12.43189`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`190912`	`0.004591434`	`-`	`-`	`0.004591434`	`$14.65856`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`163398`	`0.003929722`	`-`	`-`	`0.003929722`	`$12.54599`
Safe v1.4.1	`176479`	`0.004244320`	`-`	`-`	`0.004244320`	`$13.55037`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`151040`	`0.003632512`	`-`	`-`	`0.003632512`	`$11.59712`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`151148`	`0.003635109`	`-`	`-`	`0.003635109`	`$11.60541`
Alchemy Light Account	`152880`	`0.003676764`	`-`	`-`	`0.003676764`	`$11.73840`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`156812`	`0.003771329`	`-`	`-`	`0.003771329`	`$12.04031`
Simple Account	`151045`	`0.003632632`	`-`	`-`	`0.003632632`	`$11.59751`

User Operation: ERC-20 transfer

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.71501`	`$14.02535`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$0.74171`	`$14.54915`
Biconomy Nexus	`$0.73642`	`$14.44542`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`$0.72755`	`$14.27128`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`$0.84086`	`$16.49403`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$0.73436`	`$14.40495`
Safe v1.4.1	`$0.78573`	`$15.41256`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`$0.68573`	`$13.45109`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`$0.68616`	`$13.45939`
Alchemy Light Account	`$0.69288`	`$13.59137`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`$0.70855`	`$13.89858`
Simple Account	`$0.68611`	`$13.45854`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`182665`	`0.000223959`	`-`	`-`	`0.000223959`	`$0.71501`
Alchemy Modular Account	`189487`	`0.000232323`	`-`	`-`	`0.000232323`	`$0.74171`
Biconomy Nexus	`188136`	`0.000230666`	`-`	`-`	`0.000230666`	`$0.73642`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`185868`	`0.000227886`	`-`	`-`	`0.000227886`	`$0.72755`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`214817`	`0.000263379`	`-`	`-`	`0.000263379`	`$0.84086`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`187609`	`0.000230020`	`-`	`-`	`0.000230020`	`$0.73436`
Safe v1.4.1	`200732`	`0.000246110`	`-`	`-`	`0.000246110`	`$0.78573`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`175186`	`0.000214789`	`-`	`-`	`0.000214789`	`$0.68573`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`175294`	`0.000214921`	`-`	`-`	`0.000214921`	`$0.68616`
Alchemy Light Account	`177013`	`0.000217029`	`-`	`-`	`0.000217029`	`$0.69288`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`181014`	`0.000221934`	`-`	`-`	`0.000221934`	`$0.70855`
Simple Account	`175283`	`0.000214908`	`-`	`-`	`0.000214908`	`$0.68611`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`182665`	`0.004393093`	`-`	`-`	`0.004393093`	`$14.02535`
Alchemy Modular Account	`189487`	`0.004557162`	`-`	`-`	`0.004557162`	`$14.54915`
Biconomy Nexus	`188136`	`0.004524671`	`-`	`-`	`0.004524671`	`$14.44542`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`185868`	`0.004470125`	`-`	`-`	`0.004470125`	`$14.27128`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`214817`	`0.005166349`	`-`	`-`	`0.005166349`	`$16.49403`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`187609`	`0.004511996`	`-`	`-`	`0.004511996`	`$14.40495`
Safe v1.4.1	`200732`	`0.004827605`	`-`	`-`	`0.004827605`	`$15.41256`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`175186`	`0.004213223`	`-`	`-`	`0.004213223`	`$13.45109`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`175294`	`0.004215821`	`-`	`-`	`0.004215821`	`$13.45939`
Alchemy Light Account	`177013`	`0.004257163`	`-`	`-`	`0.004257163`	`$13.59137`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`181014`	`0.004353387`	`-`	`-`	`0.004353387`	`$13.89858`
Simple Account	`175283`	`0.004215556`	`-`	`-`	`0.004215556`	`$13.45854`

User Operation: Uniswap V3 ERC-20 swap

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.78987`	`$15.49380`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$0.81685`	`$16.02298`
Biconomy Nexus	`$0.81138`	`$15.91579`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`$0.80250`	`$15.74165`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`$0.91743`	`$17.99596`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$0.81121`	`$15.91233`
Safe v1.4.1	`$0.86296`	`$16.92762`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`$0.76059`	`$14.91955`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`$0.76097`	`$14.92692`
Alchemy Light Account	`$0.76780`	`$15.06082`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`$0.78511`	`$15.40035`
Simple Account	`$0.76262`	`$14.95932`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`201790`	`0.000247407`	`-`	`-`	`0.000247407`	`$0.78987`
Alchemy Modular Account	`208682`	`0.000255857`	`-`	`-`	`0.000255857`	`$0.81685`
Biconomy Nexus	`207286`	`0.000254145`	`-`	`-`	`0.000254145`	`$0.81138`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`205018`	`0.000251365`	`-`	`-`	`0.000251365`	`$0.80250`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`234378`	`0.000287362`	`-`	`-`	`0.000287362`	`$0.91743`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`207241`	`0.000254090`	`-`	`-`	`0.000254090`	`$0.81121`
Safe v1.4.1	`220464`	`0.000270302`	`-`	`-`	`0.000270302`	`$0.86296`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`194311`	`0.000238237`	`-`	`-`	`0.000238237`	`$0.76059`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`194407`	`0.000238355`	`-`	`-`	`0.000238355`	`$0.76097`
Alchemy Light Account	`196151`	`0.000240493`	`-`	`-`	`0.000240493`	`$0.76780`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`200573`	`0.000245915`	`-`	`-`	`0.000245915`	`$0.78511`
Simple Account	`194829`	`0.000238872`	`-`	`-`	`0.000238872`	`$0.76262`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`201790`	`0.004853049`	`-`	`-`	`0.004853049`	`$15.49380`
Alchemy Modular Account	`208682`	`0.005018802`	`-`	`-`	`0.005018802`	`$16.02298`
Biconomy Nexus	`207286`	`0.004985228`	`-`	`-`	`0.004985228`	`$15.91579`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`205018`	`0.004930683`	`-`	`-`	`0.004930683`	`$15.74165`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`234378`	`0.005636791`	`-`	`-`	`0.005636791`	`$17.99596`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`207241`	`0.004984146`	`-`	`-`	`0.004984146`	`$15.91233`
Safe v1.4.1	`220464`	`0.005302159`	`-`	`-`	`0.005302159`	`$16.92762`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`194311`	`0.004673180`	`-`	`-`	`0.004673180`	`$14.91955`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`194407`	`0.004675488`	`-`	`-`	`0.004675488`	`$14.92692`
Alchemy Light Account	`196151`	`0.004717432`	`-`	`-`	`0.004717432`	`$15.06082`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`200573`	`0.004823781`	`-`	`-`	`0.004823781`	`$15.40035`
Simple Account	`194829`	`0.004685637`	`-`	`-`	`0.004685637`	`$14.95932`

User Operation: Session key creation

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$1.93774`	`$38.01013`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$3.84777`	`$75.47658`
Biconomy Nexus	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`$0.83209`	`$16.32204`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$1.14554`	`$22.47057`
Safe v1.4.1	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Alchemy Light Account	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Simple Account	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`495041`	`0.000606951`	`-`	`-`	`0.000606951`	`$1.93774`
Alchemy Modular Account	`983001`	`0.001205220`	`-`	`-`	`0.001205220`	`$3.84777`
Biconomy Nexus	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`212577`	`0.000260632`	`-`	`-`	`0.000260632`	`$0.83209`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`292655`	`0.000358813`	`-`	`-`	`0.000358813`	`$1.14554`
Safe v1.4.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Simple Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`495041`	`0.011905736`	`-`	`-`	`0.011905736`	`$38.01013`
Alchemy Modular Account	`983001`	`0.023641174`	`-`	`-`	`0.023641174`	`$75.47658`
Biconomy Nexus	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`212577`	`0.005112477`	`-`	`-`	`0.005112477`	`$16.32204`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`292655`	`0.007038353`	`-`	`-`	`0.007038353`	`$22.47057`
Safe v1.4.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Simple Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`

User Operation: Session key native transfer

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.67340`	`$13.20923`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$0.64084`	`$12.57041`
Biconomy Nexus	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$0.49791`	`$9.76680`
Safe v1.4.1	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Alchemy Light Account	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Simple Account	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`172036`	`0.000210927`	`-`	`-`	`0.000210927`	`$0.67340`
Alchemy Modular Account	`163716`	`0.000200726`	`-`	`-`	`0.000200726`	`$0.64084`
Biconomy Nexus	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`127202`	`0.000155957`	`-`	`-`	`0.000155957`	`$0.49791`
Safe v1.4.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Simple Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`172036`	`0.004137466`	`-`	`-`	`0.004137466`	`$13.20923`
Alchemy Modular Account	`163716`	`0.003937370`	`-`	`-`	`0.003937370`	`$12.57041`
Biconomy Nexus	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`127202`	`0.003059208`	`-`	`-`	`0.003059208`	`$9.76680`
Safe v1.4.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Simple Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`

User Operation: Session key ERC-20 transfer

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.77227`	`$15.14866`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$0.76306`	`$14.96800`
Biconomy Nexus	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`$0.57549`	`$11.28869`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$0.59983`	`$11.76604`
Safe v1.4.1	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Alchemy Light Account	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Simple Account	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`197295`	`0.000241896`	`-`	`-`	`0.000241896`	`$0.77227`
Alchemy Modular Account	`194942`	`0.000239011`	`-`	`-`	`0.000239011`	`$0.76306`
Biconomy Nexus	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`147023`	`0.000180259`	`-`	`-`	`0.000180259`	`$0.57549`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`153240`	`0.000187882`	`-`	`-`	`0.000187882`	`$0.59983`
Safe v1.4.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Simple Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`197295`	`0.004744945`	`-`	`-`	`0.004744945`	`$15.14866`
Alchemy Modular Account	`194942`	`0.004688355`	`-`	`-`	`0.004688355`	`$14.96800`
Biconomy Nexus	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`147023`	`0.003535903`	`-`	`-`	`0.003535903`	`$11.28869`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`153240`	`0.003685422`	`-`	`-`	`0.003685422`	`$11.76604`
Safe v1.4.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Simple Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`

Runtime: Account creation

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.38271`	`$7.50711`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$2.83914`	`$55.69160`
Biconomy Nexus	`$0.82321`	`$16.14790`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`$0.77297`	`$15.16233`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`$0.70640`	`$13.85643`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$0.64152`	`$12.58377`
Safe v1.4.1	`$1.13205`	`$22.20583`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`$0.56304`	`$11.04445`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`$0.66408`	`$13.02641`
Alchemy Light Account	`$0.72519`	`$14.22513`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`$0.74577`	`$14.62885`
Simple Account	`$0.68195`	`$13.37685`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`97772`	`0.000119874`	`-`	`-`	`0.000119874`	`$0.38271`
Alchemy Modular Account	`725323`	`0.000889291`	`-`	`-`	`0.000889291`	`$2.83914`
Biconomy Nexus	`210309`	`0.000257852`	`-`	`-`	`0.000257852`	`$0.82321`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`197473`	`0.000242114`	`-`	`-`	`0.000242114`	`$0.77297`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`180465`	`0.000221261`	`-`	`-`	`0.000221261`	`$0.70640`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`163890`	`0.000200939`	`-`	`-`	`0.000200939`	`$0.64152`
Safe v1.4.1	`289207`	`0.000354586`	`-`	`-`	`0.000354586`	`$1.13205`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`143842`	`0.000176359`	`-`	`-`	`0.000176359`	`$0.56304`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`169655`	`0.000208007`	`-`	`-`	`0.000208007`	`$0.66408`
Alchemy Light Account	`185267`	`0.000227149`	`-`	`-`	`0.000227149`	`$0.72519`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`190525`	`0.000233595`	`-`	`-`	`0.000233595`	`$0.74577`
Simple Account	`174219`	`0.000213603`	`-`	`-`	`0.000213603`	`$0.68195`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`97772`	`0.002351417`	`-`	`-`	`0.002351417`	`$7.50711`
Alchemy Modular Account	`725323`	`0.017444018`	`-`	`-`	`0.017444018`	`$55.69160`
Biconomy Nexus	`210309`	`0.005057931`	`-`	`-`	`0.005057931`	`$16.14790`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`197473`	`0.004749226`	`-`	`-`	`0.004749226`	`$15.16233`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`180465`	`0.004340183`	`-`	`-`	`0.004340183`	`$13.85643`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`163890`	`0.003941554`	`-`	`-`	`0.003941554`	`$12.58377`
Safe v1.4.1	`289207`	`0.006955428`	`-`	`-`	`0.006955428`	`$22.20583`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`143842`	`0.003459400`	`-`	`-`	`0.003459400`	`$11.04445`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`169655`	`0.004080203`	`-`	`-`	`0.004080203`	`$13.02641`
Alchemy Light Account	`185267`	`0.004455671`	`-`	`-`	`0.004455671`	`$14.22513`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`190525`	`0.004582126`	`-`	`-`	`0.004582126`	`$14.62885`
Simple Account	`174219`	`0.004189967`	`-`	`-`	`0.004189967`	`$13.37685`

Runtime: Native transfer

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.19188`	`$3.76392`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$0.19731`	`$3.87042`
Biconomy Nexus	`$0.15534`	`$3.04709`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`$0.19029`	`$3.73275`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$0.17757`	`$3.48313`
Safe v1.4.1	`$0.29686`	`$5.82313`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`$0.15410`	`$3.02275`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`$0.15447`	`$3.03004`
Alchemy Light Account	`$0.15421`	`$3.02490`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`$0.15532`	`$3.04678`
Simple Account	`$0.15415`	`$3.02374`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`49021`	`0.000060103`	`-`	`-`	`0.000060103`	`$0.19188`
Alchemy Modular Account	`50408`	`0.000061803`	`-`	`-`	`0.000061803`	`$0.19731`
Biconomy Nexus	`39685`	`0.000048656`	`-`	`-`	`0.000048656`	`$0.15534`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`48615`	`0.000059605`	`-`	`-`	`0.000059605`	`$0.19029`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`45364`	`0.000055619`	`-`	`-`	`0.000055619`	`$0.17757`
Safe v1.4.1	`75840`	`0.000092985`	`-`	`-`	`0.000092985`	`$0.29686`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`39368`	`0.000048268`	`-`	`-`	`0.000048268`	`$0.15410`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`39463`	`0.000048384`	`-`	`-`	`0.000048384`	`$0.15447`
Alchemy Light Account	`39396`	`0.000048302`	`-`	`-`	`0.000048302`	`$0.15421`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`39681`	`0.000048651`	`-`	`-`	`0.000048651`	`$0.15532`
Simple Account	`39381`	`0.000048284`	`-`	`-`	`0.000048284`	`$0.15415`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`49021`	`0.001178955`	`-`	`-`	`0.001178955`	`$3.76392`
Alchemy Modular Account	`50408`	`0.001212312`	`-`	`-`	`0.001212312`	`$3.87042`
Biconomy Nexus	`39685`	`0.000954424`	`-`	`-`	`0.000954424`	`$3.04709`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`48615`	`0.001169191`	`-`	`-`	`0.001169191`	`$3.73275`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`45364`	`0.001091004`	`-`	`-`	`0.001091004`	`$3.48313`
Safe v1.4.1	`75840`	`0.001823952`	`-`	`-`	`0.001823952`	`$5.82313`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`39368`	`0.000946800`	`-`	`-`	`0.000946800`	`$3.02275`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`39463`	`0.000949085`	`-`	`-`	`0.000949085`	`$3.03004`
Alchemy Light Account	`39396`	`0.000947474`	`-`	`-`	`0.000947474`	`$3.02490`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`39681`	`0.000954328`	`-`	`-`	`0.000954328`	`$3.04678`
Simple Account	`39381`	`0.000947113`	`-`	`-`	`0.000947113`	`$3.02374`

Runtime: ERC-20 transfer

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.28553`	`$5.60092`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$0.29237`	`$5.73506`
Biconomy Nexus	`$0.24810`	`$4.86674`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`$0.28307`	`$5.55263`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$0.27099`	`$5.31560`
Safe v1.4.1	`$0.39032`	`$7.65630`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`$0.24821`	`$4.86873`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`$0.24858`	`$4.87603`
Alchemy Light Account	`$0.24832`	`$4.87088`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`$0.24974`	`$4.89891`
Simple Account	`$0.24857`	`$4.87587`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`72946`	`0.000089436`	`-`	`-`	`0.000089436`	`$0.28553`
Alchemy Modular Account	`74693`	`0.000091578`	`-`	`-`	`0.000091578`	`$0.29237`
Biconomy Nexus	`63384`	`0.000077713`	`-`	`-`	`0.000077713`	`$0.24810`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`72317`	`0.000088665`	`-`	`-`	`0.000088665`	`$0.28307`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`69230`	`0.000084880`	`-`	`-`	`0.000084880`	`$0.27099`
Safe v1.4.1	`99715`	`0.000122257`	`-`	`-`	`0.000122257`	`$0.39032`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`63410`	`0.000077745`	`-`	`-`	`0.000077745`	`$0.24821`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`63505`	`0.000077861`	`-`	`-`	`0.000077861`	`$0.24858`
Alchemy Light Account	`63438`	`0.000077779`	`-`	`-`	`0.000077779`	`$0.24832`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`63803`	`0.000078226`	`-`	`-`	`0.000078226`	`$0.24974`
Simple Account	`63503`	`0.000077859`	`-`	`-`	`0.000077859`	`$0.24857`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`72946`	`0.001754351`	`-`	`-`	`0.001754351`	`$5.60092`
Alchemy Modular Account	`74693`	`0.001796367`	`-`	`-`	`0.001796367`	`$5.73506`
Biconomy Nexus	`63384`	`0.001524385`	`-`	`-`	`0.001524385`	`$4.86674`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`72317`	`0.001739224`	`-`	`-`	`0.001739224`	`$5.55263`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`69230`	`0.001664982`	`-`	`-`	`0.001664982`	`$5.31560`
Safe v1.4.1	`99715`	`0.002398146`	`-`	`-`	`0.002398146`	`$7.65630`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`63410`	`0.001525010`	`-`	`-`	`0.001525010`	`$4.86873`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`63505`	`0.001527295`	`-`	`-`	`0.001527295`	`$4.87603`
Alchemy Light Account	`63438`	`0.001525684`	`-`	`-`	`0.001525684`	`$4.87088`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`63803`	`0.001534462`	`-`	`-`	`0.001534462`	`$4.89891`
Simple Account	`63503`	`0.001527247`	`-`	`-`	`0.001527247`	`$4.87587`

Runtime: Uniswap V3 ERC-20 swap

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.57132`	`$11.20676`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$0.57846`	`$11.34689`
Biconomy Nexus	`$0.53392`	`$10.47327`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`$0.56896`	`$11.16062`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$0.55696`	`$10.92505`
Safe v1.4.1	`$0.60942`	`$11.95416`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`$0.53403`	`$10.47526`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`$0.53440`	`$10.48256`
Alchemy Light Account	`$0.53414`	`$10.47741`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`$0.53721`	`$10.53776`
Simple Account	`$0.53604`	`$10.51473`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`145956`	`0.000178951`	`-`	`-`	`0.000178951`	`$0.57132`
Alchemy Modular Account	`147781`	`0.000181189`	`-`	`-`	`0.000181189`	`$0.57846`
Biconomy Nexus	`136403`	`0.000167238`	`-`	`-`	`0.000167238`	`$0.53392`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`145355`	`0.000178214`	`-`	`-`	`0.000178214`	`$0.56896`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`142287`	`0.000174453`	`-`	`-`	`0.000174453`	`$0.55696`
Safe v1.4.1	`155690`	`0.000190886`	`-`	`-`	`0.000190886`	`$0.60942`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`136429`	`0.000167270`	`-`	`-`	`0.000167270`	`$0.53403`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`136524`	`0.000167387`	`-`	`-`	`0.000167387`	`$0.53440`
Alchemy Light Account	`136457`	`0.000167305`	`-`	`-`	`0.000167305`	`$0.53414`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`137243`	`0.000168268`	`-`	`-`	`0.000168268`	`$0.53721`
Simple Account	`136943`	`0.000167901`	`-`	`-`	`0.000167901`	`$0.53604`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`145956`	`0.003510242`	`-`	`-`	`0.003510242`	`$11.20676`
Alchemy Modular Account	`147781`	`0.003554133`	`-`	`-`	`0.003554133`	`$11.34689`
Biconomy Nexus	`136403`	`0.003280492`	`-`	`-`	`0.003280492`	`$10.47327`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`145355`	`0.003495788`	`-`	`-`	`0.003495788`	`$11.16062`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`142287`	`0.003422002`	`-`	`-`	`0.003422002`	`$10.92505`
Safe v1.4.1	`155690`	`0.003744344`	`-`	`-`	`0.003744344`	`$11.95416`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`136429`	`0.003281117`	`-`	`-`	`0.003281117`	`$10.47526`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`136524`	`0.003283402`	`-`	`-`	`0.003283402`	`$10.48256`
Alchemy Light Account	`136457`	`0.003281791`	`-`	`-`	`0.003281791`	`$10.47741`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`137243`	`0.003300694`	`-`	`-`	`0.003300694`	`$10.53776`
Simple Account	`136943`	`0.003293479`	`-`	`-`	`0.003293479`	`$10.51473`

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ethereum.md

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History

ethereum.md

File metadata and controls

⛽️ Benchmarks for other networks

Ethereum Mainnet

Run parameters

User Operation: Account creation

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

User Operation: Native transfer

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

User Operation: ERC-20 transfer

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

User Operation: Uniswap V3 ERC-20 swap

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

User Operation: Session key creation

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

User Operation: Session key native transfer

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

User Operation: Session key ERC-20 transfer

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

Runtime: Account creation

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

Runtime: Native transfer

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

Runtime: ERC-20 transfer

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

Runtime: Uniswap V3 ERC-20 swap

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)