fdl.lyx

#LyX 2.1 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
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\begin_layout Standard
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status open

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LyX source for textbook 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

How to think like a computer scientist'' 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Copyright (c) 2001 Allen B.
 Downey, Jeffrey Elkner, and Chris Meyers.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under
 the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later
 version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections
 being "Contributor List", with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover
 Texts.
 A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentati
on License".
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
This distribution includes a file named fdl.lyx that contains the text of
 the GNU Free Documentation License.
 If it is missing, you can obtain it from www.gnu.org or by writing to the
 Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
 02111-1307, USA.
\end_layout

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status open

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% fdl.tex
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%This file is a chapter.
  It must be included in a larger 
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%document to work properly.
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\begin_layout Chapter
GNU Free Documentation License
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Version 1.1, March 2000
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Copyright 
\begin_inset Formula $\copyright$
\end_inset

 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
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\end_inset

 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license
 document, but changing it is not allowed.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section*
Preamble
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other written
 document 
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\end_inset

free
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 in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy
 and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially
 or noncommercially.
 Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
 to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
 modifications made by others.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This License is a kind of 
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copyleft,
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 which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free
 in the same sense.
 It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license
 designed for free software.
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\begin_layout Standard
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software,
 because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come
 with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does.
 But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for
 any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published
 as a printed book.
 We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction
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\begin_layout Section
Applicability and Definitions
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\begin_layout Standard
This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a notice
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Document,
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 below, refers to any such manual or work.
 Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as 
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you.
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\begin_layout Standard
A 
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Modified Version
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 of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of
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A 
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Secondary Section
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 is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document that deals
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The 
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Invariant Sections
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 are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as being those
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The 
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Cover Texts
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A 
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Transparent
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 copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented in a format
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 A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup has been
 designed to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is
 not Transparent.
 A copy that is not 
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Transparent
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 is called 
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Opaque.
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\begin_layout Standard
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII
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input format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conformin
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The 
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Title Page
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 means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such following pages
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Title Page
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 means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
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\begin_layout Section
Verbatim Copying
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\begin_layout Standard
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially
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 If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow
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\begin_layout Standard
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you
 may publicly display copies.
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\begin_layout Section
Copying in Quantity
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\begin_layout Standard
If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100, and
 the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
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 Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back
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 You may add other material on the covers in addition.
 Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the
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If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly,
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\begin_layout Standard
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more
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 accessible computer-network location containing a complete Transparent
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 If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when
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It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document
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\begin_layout Section
Modifications
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\begin_layout Standard
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the
 conditions of Sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified
 Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling
 the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification
 of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it.
 In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
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\begin_layout Itemize
Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from
 that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should,
 if there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document).
 You may use the same title as a previous version if the original publisher
 of that version gives permission.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible
 for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, together with
 at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all of its principal
 authors, if it has less than five).
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version,
 as the publisher.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
 
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\begin_layout Itemize
Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the
 other copyright notices.
 
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Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving
 the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this
 License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and
 required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Include an unaltered copy of this License.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Preserve the section entitled 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

History,
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 and its title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year,
 new authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title
 Page.
 If there is no section entitled 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

History
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\end_inset

 in the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher
 of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing
 the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public
 access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network
 locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on.
 These may be placed in the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

History
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\end_inset

 section.
 You may omit a network location for a work that was published at least
 four years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of
 the version it refers to gives permission.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
In any section entitled 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Acknowledgements
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\end_inset

 or 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Dedications,
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the substance
 and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications
 given therein.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their
 text and in their titles.
 Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of the section
 titles.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Delete any section entitled 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Endorsements.
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\end_inset

 Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Do not retitle any existing section as 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Endorsements
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\end_inset

 or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices
 that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from
 the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections
 as invariant.
 To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified
 Version's license notice.
 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You may add a section entitled 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Endorsements,
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version
 by various parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the
 text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition
 of a standard.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage
 of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover
 Texts in the Modified Version.
 Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be
 added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity.
 If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously
 added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on
 behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on
 explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give
 permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorseme
nt of any Modified Version.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Combining Documents
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License,
 under the terms defined in Section 4 above for modified versions, provided
 that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all
 of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections
 of your combined work in its license notice.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple
 identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy.
 If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different
 contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end
 of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of
 that section if known, or else a unique number.
 Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant
 Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

History
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 in the various original documents, forming one section entitled 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

History
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

; likewise combine any sections entitled 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Acknowledgements,
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 and any sections entitled 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Dedications.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 You must delete all sections entitled 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Endorsements.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Collections of Documents
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
 License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
 the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
 verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other
 respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Aggregation with Independent Works
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and
 independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution
 medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version of the Document,
 provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the compilation.
 Such a compilation is called an 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

aggregate,
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 and this License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus
 compiled with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if
 they are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If the Cover Text requirement of Section 3 is applicable to these copies
 of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter of the entire
 aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that surround
 only the Document within the aggregate.
 Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Translation
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute
 translations of the Document under the terms of Section 4.
 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission
 from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some
 or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these
 Invariant Sections.
 You may include a translation of this License provided that you also include
 the original English version of this License.
 In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original English
 version of this License, the original English version will prevail.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Termination
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
 as expressly provided for under this License.
 Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
 is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
 However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
 License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties
 remain in full compliance.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Future Revisions of This License
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU
 Free Documentation License from time to time.
 Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but
 may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
 See 
\begin_inset Flex URL
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

http:///www.gnu.org/copyleft/
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
 If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License
 
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\end_inset

or any later version
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions
 either of that specified version or of any later version that has been
 published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
 If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you
 may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software
 Foundation.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Addendum: How to Use This License for Your Documents
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the
 License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices
 just after the title page:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Quote
Copyright 
\begin_inset Formula $\copyright$
\end_inset

 YEAR YOUR NAME.
 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under
 the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later
 version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections
 being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with
 the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
 A copy of the license is included in the section entitled 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

GNU Free Documentation License.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you have no Invariant Sections, write 
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with no Invariant Sections
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 instead of saying which ones are invariant.
 If you have no Front-Cover Texts, write 
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no Front-Cover Texts
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 instead of 
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Front-Cover Texts being LIST
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; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.
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\begin_layout Standard
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend
 releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software
 license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in
 free software.
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\end_body
\end_document