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xiaolai committed Nov 14, 2024
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion 1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/4-natural-speech.md
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> * 一个或者多个词汇构成**句子**
> * 一个或者多个词汇构成**对话**或者**篇章**
—— 而这这基本上就是**自然语流**的构成过程。
—— 而这基本上就是**自然语流**的构成过程。

**自然语流**中,每个**音素**都可能存在一定的变化。

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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion 1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/4.3-grouping.md
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另外一个更为常见的**停顿**相对比较微妙,它就在那里,可不仅听不到,就算说话的人就在眼前,也看不到他们停顿时的发声器官的具体动作。

比如,在 *hotdog* <span class="pho alt">ˈhɑːt.dɑːɡ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/hotdog-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/hotdog-us-female.mp3"></span>这个词里,<span class="pho">t</span> 的声音是听不到的,但,它的舌尖动作却是**完整**的,所以,能够听到的不是 <span class="pho alt">ˈhɑtˌdɔg</span>,也不是 <span class="pho alt">ˈhɑˌdɔg</span>,而是 <span class="pho alt">ˈhɑt̚ ˌdɔg</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/hotdog-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/hotdog-us-female.mp3"></span>。你可以再试试 *network* <span class="pho alt">ˈnetˌwərk</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/network-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/network-us-female.mp3"></span> 这个词 —— 这里面的 <span class="pho">t</span> 也是同样的机制。(注意,也有人用喉塞音 <span class="pho">ʔ</span> 读这这两个词中的 <span class="pho">t</span>。)
比如,在 *hotdog* <span class="pho alt">ˈhɑːt.dɑːɡ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/hotdog-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/hotdog-us-female.mp3"></span>这个词里,<span class="pho">t</span> 的声音是听不到的,但,它的舌尖动作却是**完整**的,所以,能够听到的不是 <span class="pho alt">ˈhɑtˌdɑːg</span>,也不是 <span class="pho alt">ˈhɑˌdɑːg</span>,而是 <span class="pho alt">ˈhɑt̚ ˌdɑːg</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/hotdog-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/hotdog-us-female.mp3"></span>。你可以再试试 *network* <span class="pho alt">ˈnetˌwərk</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/network-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/network-us-female.mp3"></span> 这个词 —— 这里面的 <span class="pho">t</span> 也是同样的机制。(注意,也有人用喉塞音 <span class="pho">ʔ</span> 读这两个词中的 <span class="pho">t</span>。)

这类**停顿***stop*),也叫**塞音**,最常见的有以下几种:

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4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions 1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/4.5-sentences.md
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> * do: <span class="pho alt">duː</span> → <span class="pho alt">du, də, d</span>
> * does: <span class="pho alt">dʌz</span> → <span class="pho alt">dəz</span>
> * for: <span class="pho alt">fɔːr</span> → <span class="pho alt">fɚ, fə, f</span>
> * from: <span class="pho alt">frɒm</span> → <span class="pho alt">frəm, frm</span>
> * from: <span class="pho alt">frɑːm</span> → <span class="pho alt">frəm, frm</span>
> * had: <span class="pho alt">hæd</span> → <span class="pho alt">həd, əd, d</span>
> * has: <span class="pho alt">hæz</span> → <span class="pho alt">həz, əz</span>
> * have: <span class="pho alt">hæv</span> → <span class="pho alt">həv, həf, əv, əf</span>
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<video controls width="720"> <source src="/videos/Her-communication-skills-are-excellent-but-her-communication-of-the-project-details-needs-work-alloy.mp4" type="video/mp4"></source>Your browser does not support the video tag. </video>

在 Enjoy App 中,我们可以看到一段音频的完整**波谱***waveform*,灰色波形)和**音高变化***pitch contour*,蓝色曲线)—— 我们可以 “看到” 第一个 *com**mu**nication* <span class="pho alt">kəˌmjûː.nəˈkeɪ.ʃən</span>的音高最高,具体体现在它的**重音音节**,<span class="pho alt">ˌmjûː</span> 上,再具体一点,是这个音节的核心,即,它的元音,<span class="pho alt">jûː</span> 上。
在 Enjoy App 中,我们可以看到一段音频的完整**波谱***waveform*,灰色波形)和**音高变化***pitch contour*,蓝色曲线)—— 我们可以 “看到” 第一个 *com**mu**nication* <span class="pho alt">kəˌmjûː.nəˈkeɪ.ʃən</span>的音高最高,具体体现在它的**重音音节**(虽然是 ‘次重音’),<span class="pho alt">ˌmjûː</span> 上,再具体一点,是这个音节的核心,即,它的元音,<span class="pho alt">jûː</span> 上。

> [!Note]
>
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion book/chapter3.md
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- do: /duː/→/du, də, d/
- does: /dʌz/→/dəz, z, s/
- for: /fɔː/→/fə/
- from: /frɔm/→/frəm, frm/
- from: /frɑːm/→/frəm, frm/
- had: /hæd/→/həd, əd, d/
- has: /hæz/→/həz, əz, z, s/
- have: /hæv/→/həv, əv, v/
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