-
查看
virsh list # 显示正在运行的虚拟机 virsh list --all # 显示所有虚拟机
-
启动
virsh start VM-NAME # 启动 virsh autostart VM-NAME # 开机自启 virsh autostart --disable VM-NAME # 取消开机自启
-
关闭
virsh shutdown VM-NAME # 正常关机 virsh destroy VM-NAME # 强制关机
NOTES: 如果
shutdown无法关机, 说明虚拟机内的acpi/acpid服务有问题或未安装; Ubuntu 的 "关机确认" 没有关闭也会导致关机失败 -
挂起
virsh suspend VM-NAME # 挂起 virsh resume VM-NAME # 恢复挂起
-
保存
virsh managedsave VM-NAME # [--domain] <string> domain name, id or uuid # --bypass-cache avoid file system cache when saving # --running set domain to be running on next start # --paused set domain to be paused on next start # --verbose display the progress of save virsh start VM-NAME
-
删除
virsh undefined VM-NAME [--managed-save] # 当虚拟机处于saved状态时, 删除时需要指定这个选项 [--snapshots-metadata] [ {--storage volumes | --remove-all-storage [--delete-snapshots]} --wipe-storage]
virsh shutdown VM-NAME-01 # 确保VM-NAME-01为关机状态
virt-clone -o VM-NAME-01 -n VM-NAME-02 -f /data/VM-NAME-02.qcow2 # VM-NAME-01克隆为VM-NAME-02-
热迁移 - 共享存储
-
冷迁移
-
迁移磁盘文件（位置信息要一致）
-
导出配置文件
virsh dumpxml <vmname> > vmname.xml
或者去
/etc/libvirt/qemu/下找xml文件 -
将配置文件放置到新主机
/etc/libvirt/qemu/下 -
启动
-
-
虚拟内存
virsh setmaxmem VM-NAME 4096M --config # 最大可分配内存, 重启后生效 virsh setmem VM-NAME 2048M # 当前分配内存, 值应该小于最大可分配内存的值
-
虚拟机时间
$ virsh domtime rhel79 --pretty # 显示虚拟机时间, 仅可查看开机状态的主机 $ virsh domtime --time 1614244228 # 设置时间 # --now set to the time of the host running virsh, " acts like if it was an alias for --time $now " # --pretty print domain's time in human readable form # --sync instead of setting given time, synchronize from domain's RTC # --time <number> time to set
-
网卡
-
添加网卡
SYNOPSIS attach-interface <domain> <type> <source> [--target <string>] [--mac <string>] [--script <string>] [--model <string>] [--inbound <string>] [--outbound <string>] [--persistent] [--config] [--live] [--current] [--print-xml] [--managed] OPTIONS [--domain] <string> domain name, id or uuid [--type] <string> network interface type [--source] <string> source of network interface --target <string> target network name --mac <string> MAC address --script <string> script used to bridge network interface --model <string> model type --inbound <string> control domain's incoming traffics --outbound <string> control domain's outgoing traffics --persistent make live change persistent --config affect next boot --live affect running domain --current affect current domain --print-xml print XML document rather than attach the interface --managed libvirt will automatically detach/attach the device from/to host$ virsh attach-interface --domain rhel79 --type bridge --source br0 --model virtio --print-xml <interface type='bridge'> <source bridge='br0'/> <model type='virtio'/> </interface>
-
删除网卡
SYNOPSIS detach-interface <domain> <type> [--mac <string>] [--persistent] [--config] [--live] [--current] OPTIONS [--domain] <string> domain name, id or uuid [--type] <string> network interface type --mac <string> MAC address --persistent make live change persistent --config affect next boot --live affect running domain --current affect current domain$ virsh detach-interface rhel79 --type bridge # 有多网卡时, 需要指定mac来删除网卡 error: Domain has 2 interfaces. Please specify which one to detach using --mac error: Failed to detach interface $ virsh detach-interface rhel79 --type bridge --mac 52:54:00:84:14:f2 Interface detached successfully $ virsh domiflist rhel79 Interface Type Source Model MAC ------------------------------------------------------- vnet0 bridge br0 virtio 52:54:00:64:fc:47
-
-
块设备(磁盘)
-
创建/扩容磁盘
qemu-img create -f qcow2 /home/virtimg/rhel6.img 10G # 创建磁盘 qemu-img resize /home/virtimg/rhel6.img +1G # 增大磁盘容量 qemu-img info /home/virtimg/rhel6.img # 查看磁盘信息
-
添加磁盘
SYNOPSIS attach-disk <domain> <source> <target> [--targetbus <string>] [--driver <string>] [--subdriver <string>] [--iothread <string>] [--cache <string>] [--io <string>] [--type <string>] [--mode <string>] [--sourcetype <string>] [--serial <string>] [--wwn <string>] [--rawio] [--address <string>] [--multifunction] [--print-xml] [--persistent] [--config] [--live] [--current] OPTIONS [--domain] <string> domain name, id or uuid [--source] <string> source of disk device => /data/dev-7-rhel79.qcow2 [--target] <string> target of disk device => vda, sdb等 --targetbus <string> target bus of disk device => 典型值为ide,scsi,virtio,xen,usb,sata或sd; 如果省略,则根据设备名称的样式推断总线类型（例如, 'sda'则认为是使用SCSI总线导出的设备） --driver <string> driver of disk device => For Xen Hypervior: file,tap,phy; For QEMU emulator:qemu --subdriver <string> subdriver of disk device => For Xen Hypervior: aio; For QEMU emulator:raw or qcow2 --iothread <string> IOThread to be used by supported device --cache <string> cache mode of disk device => "default","none","writethrough","writeback","directsync" or "unsafe". --io <string> io policy of disk device => "threads" and "native" --type <string> target device type => 设备类型: disk(default),lun,cdrom,floppy --mode <string> mode of device reading and writing => readonly/shareable --sourcetype <string> type of source (block|file) --serial <string> serial of disk device => 设备序列号 --wwn <string> wwn of disk device => 设备wwn --rawio needs rawio capability --address <string> address of disk device => address is the address of disk device in the form of pci:domain.bus.slot.function, scsi:controller.bus.unit, ide:controller.bus.unit or ccw:cssid.ssid.devno. --multifunction use multifunction pci under specified address --print-xml print XML document rather than attach the disk --persistent make live change persistent --config affect next boot --live affect running domain --current affect current domain$ virsh attach-disk --domain rhel79 --source /data/tmp.qcow2 --target vdb --targetbus virtio --driver qemu --subdriver qcow2 --print-xml <disk type='file'> <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/> <source file='/data/tmp.qcow2'/> <target dev='vdb' bus='virtio'/> </disk> # 添加共享磁盘 $ virsh attach-disk --domain rhel79 --source /data/tmp.raw --target vdc --targetbus virtio --driver qemu --subdriver raw --shareable --print-xml <disk type='file'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <source file='/data/tmp.raw'/> <target dev='vdc' bus='virtio'/> <shareable/> </disk>
-
删除磁盘
SYNOPSIS detach-disk <domain> <target> [--persistent] [--config] [--live] [--current] [--print-xml] OPTIONS [--domain] <string> domain name, id or uuid [--target] <string> target of disk device --persistent make live change persistent --config affect next boot --live affect running domain --current affect current domain --print-xml print XML document rather than detach the diskvirsh detach-disk --domain rhel79-clone --target vdb --config
-
回收磁盘空间
如果磁盘是 "精简置备", 在虚拟机的使用过程中, 虚拟机内的文件经过大量的增, 删, 改等操作后, 会使得虚拟机磁盘的体积变大, 即使删除了虚拟机内的文件, 已经分配给虚拟磁盘的空间却并不会被回收。
此时可以对磁盘空间进行回收.
-
在虚拟机内部执行命令
dd if=/dev/zero of=/mount_point/junk rm -f /mount_point/junk
/mount_point为磁盘挂载点, 上面的操作是将虚拟磁盘内部所有未被占用的空间用 0 字节填充, 便于后续回收 -
宿主机上操作
将虚拟机关机, 执行:
qemu-img convert -c -O qcow2 Centos76.qcow2 Centos76-new.qcow2
转换的时候不拷贝 0 数据块, 达到回收空间的目的.
-
执行完命令以后, 将虚拟机的磁盘文件替换成新的磁盘文件即可.
界面修改或者编辑配置文件 (
virsh edit centos76)
-
-
-
快照
snapshot-create Create a snapshot from XML snapshot-create-as Create a snapshot from a set of args snapshot-current Get or set the current snapshot <=当前快照 snapshot-delete Delete a domain snapshot snapshot-dumpxml Dump XML for a domain snapshot <=导出快照xml文件 snapshot-edit edit XML for a snapshot <=编辑快照xml文件 snapshot-info snapshot information <=查看快照信息 snapshot-list List snapshots for a domain snapshot-parent Get the name of the parent of a snapshot snapshot-revert Revert a domain to a snapshot-
创建快照
-
snapshot-create-as: 创建默认快照（一般为一串数字）
-
snapshot-create: 创建自定义名称快照
$ virsh snapshot-create --domain rhel79 $ virsh snapshot-create-as rhel79 --name rhel79-snapshot-1 $ virsh snapshot-list rhel79 Name Creation Time State ------------------------------------------------------------ 1614330821 2021-02-26 17:13:41 +0800 shutoff rhel79-snapshot-1 2021-02-26 17:14:08 +0800 shutoff
-
-
关于内置快照和外置快照
-
内置快照: 快照数据和base磁盘数据放在一个qcow2文件中。
-
外置快照: 快照数据单独的qcow2文件存放。
# 1. 创建 virsh snapshot-create-as --domain rhel79 --name fresh --disk-only --diskspec vda,snapshot=external,file=/data/rhel79_1.qcow2 --atomic # 2. 合并快照 ## 2.1 blockcommit将top镜像合并至低层的base镜像 快照路径:初始=>rhel79_1=>rhel79_2=>当前 virsh blockcommit --domain rhel79 --base /data/rhel79_1.qcow2 --top /data/rhel79_2.qcow2 --wait --verbose ## 2.2 blockpull将backing-file向上合并至active 快照路径: 初始=>rhel79_3=>rhel79_4=>当前 # 合并快照3到当前使用的快照4中 virsh blockpull --domain rhel79 --path /data/rhel79_3.qcow2 --base /data/test4.qcow2 --wait --verbose # 迁移虚拟机, 合并base-image到active,合并需要一段时间 virsh blockpull --domain rhel79 --path /data/test4.qcow2 --wait --verbose
-
-
恢复快照
virsh snapshot-revert --domain rhel79 --snapshotname 1614330821
-
删除快照
virsh snapshot-delete rhel79 --snapshotname 1614330821
-
$ virsh console rhel79
# --force force console connection (disconnect already connected sessions)
# --safe only connect if safe console handling is supported默认情况下, 直接执行命令连接到虚拟机时, 会卡住, 需要特殊配置
-
RHEL/CentOS 6
-
/etc/securetty中添加ttyS0echo "ttyS0" >> /etc/securetty
-
/etc/grub.conf中添加参数console=ttyS0... title Red Hat Enterprise Linux (2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 ro ... rhgb quiet console=ttyS0 <== 添加 console=ttyS0 initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64.img ... -
/etc/inittab中添加S0:12345:respawn:/sbin/agetty ttyS0 115200echo "S0:12345:respawn:/sbin/agetty ttyS0 115200" >> /etc/inittab
-
-
RHEL/CentOS 7
-
方法一: 执行命令添加参数"
console=ttyS0"grubby --update-kernel=ALL --args="console=ttyS0" -
方法二: 手动编辑
/etc/default/grub, 添加参数"console=ttyS0", 然后使用grub2-mkconfig命令使配置生效# /etc/default/grub ... GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="spectre_v2=retpoline rd.lvm.lv=rhel/root rd.lvm.lv=rhel/swap rhgb quiet console=ttyS0" <== 添加 console=ttyS0 ...grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
-
方法三:
systemctl enable [email protected] systemctl start [email protected]
-
-
RHEL/CentOS/Rocky 8
-
方法一: 执行命令添加参数 "
console=ttyS0"grubby --update-kernel=ALL --args="console=ttyS0,115200n8" -
方法二:
systemctl enable [email protected] systemctl start [email protected]
-
-
Ubuntu 14.04, 16.04
-
编辑
/etc/default/grub添加/修改:GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200" GRUB_TERMINAL=serial GRUB_SERIAL_COMMAND="serial --speed=115200 --unit=0 --word=8 --parity=no --stop=1" -
编辑
/etc/init/ttyS0.conf添加/修改:start on stopped rc RUNLEVEL=[2345] and ( not-container or container CONTAINER=lxc or container CONTAINER=lxc-libvirt) stop on runlevel [!2345] respawn exec /sbin/getty -h -L -w 115200 ttyS0 vt100 -
更新grub
update-grub
-
-
Ubuntu 18.04, 20.04
-
编辑
/etc/default/grub添加/修改:GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200" GRUB_TERMINAL="console serial" GRUB_SERIAL_COMMAND="serial --speed=115200 --unit=0 --word=8 --parity=no --stop=1" -
更新grub
update-grub # 或 grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
-
$ virsh dominfo rhel79
Id: 32
Name: rhel79
UUID: 4ecca1a6-cfe2-4975-9ffe-cb80c2356d55
OS Type: hvm
State: running
CPU(s): 1
CPU time: 53.2s
Max memory: 1048576 KiB
Used memory: 1048576 KiB
Persistent: yes
Autostart: disable
Managed save: no
Security model: none
Security DOI: 0$ virsh domstats rhel79-clone rhel79
# --state report domain state
# --cpu-total report domain physical cpu usage
# --balloon report domain balloon statistics
# --vcpu report domain virtual cpu information
# --interface report domain network interface information
# --block report domain block device statistics
# --perf report domain perf event statistics
# --list-active list only active domains
# --list-inactive list only inactive domains
# --list-persistent list only persistent domains
# --list-transient list only transient domains
# --list-running list only running domains
# --list-paused list only paused domains
# --list-shutoff list only shutoff domains
# --list-other list only domains in other states
# --raw do not pretty-print the fields
# --enforce enforce requested stats parameters
# --backing add backing chain information to block stats
# --nowait report only stats that are accessible instantly
# <domain> list of domains to get stats for$ virsh domstate rhel79-clone --reason
running (booted)
# --reason also print reason for the state-
块设备基本信息
$ virsh domblklist rhel79 --details Type Device Target Source ------------------------------------------------ file disk vda /data/rhel79.qcow2 # --inactive get inactive rather than running configuration -
块设备大小信息
$ virsh domblkinfo rhel79 vda Capacity: 10737418240 Allocation: 1802313728 Physical: 1802371072 # --device <string> block device # --human Human readable output # --all display all block devices info
-
显示块设备详细信息
$ virsh domblkstat rhel79 # 仅可查看开机状态的主机 rd_req 9741 rd_bytes 154587648 wr_req 614 wr_bytes 13020672 flush_operations 320 rd_total_times 1419425446 wr_total_times 321114004 flush_total_times 290348748 # --device <string> block device # --human print a more human readable output
-
显示块设备中的错误
virsh domblkerror VM-NAME # 仅可查看开机状态的主机
-
控制接口的状态 (仅开机状态)
$ virsh domcontrol rhel79 ok
-
查看网卡列表
$ virsh domiflist rhel79 Interface Type Source Model MAC ------------------------------------------------------- - bridge br0 virtio 52:54:00:f0:a3:23 # --inactive get inactive rather than running configuration -
网卡状态 (仅开机状态)
-
连通性
$ virsh domif-getlink rhel79 vnet1 vnet1 up # --config Get persistent interface state -
流量信息
$ virsh domifstat rhel79 vnet1 vnet1 rx_bytes 82461 vnet1 rx_packets 617 vnet1 rx_errs 0 vnet1 rx_drop 0 vnet1 tx_bytes 2428 vnet1 tx_packets 38 vnet1 tx_errs 0 vnet1 tx_drop 0
-
网卡IP信息
$ virsh domifaddr rhel79 # --interface <string> network interface name # --full always display names and MACs of interfaces # --source <string> address source: 'lease', 'agent', or 'arp'
-
$ virsh dommemstat rhel79
actual 1048576
swap_in 0
swap_out 0
major_fault 186
minor_fault 158840
unused 879464
available 1014784
last_update 1614304438
rss 594740
# --period <number> period in seconds to set collection
# --config affect next boot
# --live affect running domain
# --current affect current domain
# 对于带有memory balloon的QEMU/KVM, 将可选的--period设置为大于0的值（以秒为单位）, 将使balloon dirver程序返回其他统计信息, 这些统计信息将由后续的dommemstat命令显示。
# 将--period设置为0将停止气球状驱动程序收集, 但不会清除气球状驱动程序中的统计信息。 需要至少QEMU/KVM 1.5在主机上运行。
# --live, -config和--current标志仅在使用--period选项设置气球驱动程序的收集时间时有效。
# 如果指定了--live, 则仅影响正在运行的来宾收集周期。
# 如果指定了--config, 将影响持久客户机的下一次引导。
# 如果指定了--current, 则影响当前的来宾状态。
# --current不能和--live和--config一起给出。如果未指定标志, 则行为将根据来宾状态而有所不同。
# swap_in - The amount of data read from swap space (in KiB)
# swap_out - The amount of memory written out to swap space (in KiB)
# major_fault - The number of page faults where disk IO was required
# minor_fault - The number of other page faults
# unused - The amount of memory left unused by the system (in KiB)
# available - The amount of usable memory as seen by the domain (in KiB)
# actual - Current balloon value (in KiB)
# rss - Resident Set Size of the running domain's process (in KiB)
# usable - The amount of memory which can be reclaimed by balloon without causing host swapping (in KiB)
# last-update - Timestamp of the last update of statistics (in seconds)
# disk_caches - The amount of memory that can be reclaimed without additional I/O, typically disk caches (in KiB)~] virt-install --help
usage: virt-install --name NAME --memory MB STORAGE INSTALL [options]
Create a new virtual machine from specified install media.
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--version show program''s version number and exit
--connect URI Connect to hypervisor with libvirt URI
General Options:
-n NAME, --name NAME Name of the guest instance
--memory MEMORY Configure guest memory allocation. Ex:
--memory 1024 (in MiB)
--memory memory=1024,currentMemory=512
--vcpus VCPUS Number of vcpus to configure for your guest. Ex:
--vcpus 5
--vcpus 5,maxvcpus=10,cpuset=1-4,6,8
--vcpus sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2
--cpu CPU CPU model and features. Ex:
--cpu coreduo,+x2apic
--cpu host-passthrough
--cpu host
--metadata METADATA Configure guest metadata. Ex:
--metadata name=foo,title="My pretty title",uuid=...
--metadata description="My nice long description"
Installation Method Options:
--cdrom CDROM CD-ROM installation media
-l LOCATION, --location LOCATION
Distro install URL, eg. https://host/path. See man
page for specific distro examples.
--pxe Boot from the network using the PXE protocol
--import Build guest around an existing disk image 在已有的磁盘镜像中构建客户机
-x EXTRA_ARGS, --extra-args EXTRA_ARGS
Additional arguments to pass to the install kernel
booted from --location
--initrd-inject INITRD_INJECT
Add given file to root of initrd from --location
--unattended [UNATTENDED]
Perform an unattended installation
--install INSTALL Specify fine grained install options
--boot BOOT Configure guest boot settings. Ex:
--boot hd,cdrom,menu=on
--boot init=/sbin/init (for containers)
--idmap IDMAP Enable user namespace for LXC container. Ex:
--idmap uid.start=0,uid.target=1000,uid.count=10
OS options:
--os-variant OS_VARIANT
The OS being installed in the guest.
This is used for deciding optimal defaults like virtio.
Example values: fedora29, rhel7.0, win10, ...
See 'osinfo-query os' for a full list.
Device Options:
--disk DISK Specify storage with various options. Ex.
--disk size=10 (new 10GiB image in default location)
--disk /my/existing/disk,cache=none
--disk device=cdrom,bus=scsi
--disk=?
-w NETWORK, --network NETWORK
Configure a guest network interface. Ex:
--network bridge=mybr0
--network network=my_libvirt_virtual_net
--network network=mynet,model=virtio,mac=00:11...
--network none
--network help
--graphics GRAPHICS Configure guest display settings. Ex:
--graphics spice
--graphics vnc,port=5901,listen=0.0.0.0
--graphics none
--controller CONTROLLER
Configure a guest controller device. Ex:
--controller type=usb,model=qemu-xhci
--controller virtio-scsi
--input INPUT Configure a guest input device. Ex:
--input tablet
--input keyboard,bus=usb
--serial SERIAL Configure a guest serial device
--parallel PARALLEL Configure a guest parallel device
--channel CHANNEL Configure a guest communication channel
--console CONSOLE Configure a text console connection between the guest
and host
--hostdev HOSTDEV Configure physical USB/PCI/etc host devices to be
shared with the guest
--filesystem FILESYSTEM
Pass host directory to the guest. Ex:
--filesystem /my/source/dir,/dir/in/guest
--filesystem template_name,/,type=template
--sound [SOUND] Configure guest sound device emulation
--watchdog WATCHDOG Configure a guest watchdog device
--video VIDEO Configure guest video hardware.
--smartcard SMARTCARD
Configure a guest smartcard device. Ex:
--smartcard mode=passthrough
--redirdev REDIRDEV Configure a guest redirection device. Ex:
--redirdev usb,type=tcp,server=192.168.1.1:4000
--memballoon MEMBALLOON
Configure a guest memballoon device. Ex:
--memballoon model=virtio
--tpm TPM Configure a guest TPM device. Ex:
--tpm /dev/tpm
--rng RNG Configure a guest RNG device. Ex:
--rng /dev/urandom
--panic PANIC Configure a guest panic device. Ex:
--panic default
--memdev MEMDEV Configure a guest memory device. Ex:
--memdev dimm,target.size=1024
--vsock VSOCK Configure guest vsock sockets. Ex:
--vsock cid.auto=yes
--vsock cid.address=7
Guest Configuration Options:
--iothreads IOTHREADS
Set domain <iothreads> and <iothreadids>
configuration.
--seclabel SECLABEL, --security SECLABEL
Set domain seclabel configuration.
--cputune CPUTUNE Tune CPU parameters for the domain process.
--numatune NUMATUNE Tune NUMA policy for the domain process.
--memtune MEMTUNE Tune memory policy for the domain process.
--blkiotune BLKIOTUNE
Tune blkio policy for the domain process.
--memorybacking MEMORYBACKING
Set memory backing policy for the domain process. Ex:
--memorybacking hugepages=on
--features FEATURES Set domain <features> XML. Ex:
--features acpi=off
--features apic=on,apic.eoi=on
--clock CLOCK Set domain <clock> XML. Ex:
--clock offset=localtime,rtc_tickpolicy=catchup
--pm PM Configure VM power management features
--events EVENTS Configure VM lifecycle management policy
--resource RESOURCE Configure VM resource partitioning (cgroups)
--sysinfo SYSINFO Configure SMBIOS System Information. Ex:
--sysinfo host
--sysinfo bios.vendor=MyVendor,bios.version=1.2.3,...
--qemu-commandline QEMU_COMMANDLINE
Pass arguments directly to the qemu emulator. Ex:
--qemu-commandline='-display gtk,gl=on'
--qemu-commandline env=DISPLAY=:0.1
--launchSecurity LAUNCHSECURITY, --launchsecurity LAUNCHSECURITY
Configure VM launch security (e.g. SEV memory encryption). Ex:
--launchSecurity type=sev,cbitpos=47,reducedPhysBits=1,policy=0x0001,dhCert=BASE64CERT
--launchSecurity sev
Virtualization Platform Options:
-v, --hvm This guest should be a fully virtualized guest
-p, --paravirt This guest should be a paravirtualized guest
--container This guest should be a container guest
--virt-type VIRT_TYPE
Hypervisor name to use (kvm, qemu, xen, ...)
--arch ARCH The CPU architecture to simulate
--machine MACHINE The machine type to emulate
Miscellaneous Options:
--autostart Have domain autostart on host boot up.
--transient Create a transient domain.
--destroy-on-exit Force power off the domain when the console viewer is
closed.
--wait [WAIT] Minutes to wait for install to complete.
--noautoconsole Don't automatically try to connect to the guest
console
--noreboot Don't boot guest after completing install.
--print-xml [XMLONLY]
Print the generated domain XML rather than create the
guest.
--dry-run Run through install process, but do not create devices
or define the guest.
--check CHECK Enable or disable validation checks. Example:
--check path_in_use=off
--check all=off
-q, --quiet Suppress non-error output
-d, --debug Print debugging information
Use '--option=?' or '--option help' to see available suboptions
See man page for examples and full option syntax.-
The simplest invocation to interactively install a Fedora 29 KVM VM with recommended defaults. virt-viewer(1) will be launched to graphically interact with the VM install:
Note: 启动virt-viewer图形窗口安装; 此操作需要安装virt-viewer;
sudo virt-install --install fedora29 # 'fedora29' 为操作系统类型, 可通过 'osinfo-query os' 查询支持的选项 -
Similar, but use libosinfo's unattended install support, which will perform the fedora29 install automatically without user intervention:
Note: 使用 libosinfo 无人值守安装
sudo virt-install --install fedora29 --unattended
-
Install a Windows 10 VM, using 40GiB storage in the default location and 4096MiB of ram, and ensure we are connecting to the system libvirtd instance:
virt-install \ --connect qemu:///system \ --name my-win10-vm \ --memory 4096 \ --disk size=40 \ --os-variant win10 \ --cdrom /path/to/my/win10.iso -
Install a CentOS 7 KVM from a URL, with recommended device defaults and default required storage, but specifically request VNC graphics instead of the default SPICE, and request 8 virtual CPUs and 8192 MiB of memory:
virt-install \ --connect qemu:///system \ --memory 8192 \ --vcpus 8 \ --graphics vnc \ --os-variant centos7.0 \ --location http://mirror.centos.org/centos-7/7/os/x86_64/ -
Create a VM around an existing debian9 disk image:
virt-install \ --import \ --memory 512 \ --disk /home/user/VMs/my-debian9.img \ --os-variant debian9
-
bridge 常用场景
-
虚拟机
eth0 可以不连接 br0, 看实际需求
+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Host | VirtualMachine1 | VirtualMachine2 | | | | | | +-------------------------------------+ | +-------------------------+ | +-------------------------+ | | | Newwork Protocol Stack | | | Newwork Protocol Stack | | | Newwork Protocol Stack | | | +-------------------------------------+ | +-------------------------+ | +-------------------------+ | | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | |......................|........................|................|..................|.................|.................| | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | | +--------+ | +-------+ | +-------+ | | | .3.101 | | | .3.102| | | .3.103| | | +------+ +--------+ +-------+ | +-------+ | +-------+ | | | eth0 |<--->| br0 |<--->|tun/tap| | | eth0 | | | eth0 | | | +------+ +--------+ +-------+ | +-------+ | +-------+ | | ↑ ↑ ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | | | | +--------------------------+ | | | | | ↓ | | | | | | +-------+ | | | | | | |tun/tap| | | | | | | +-------+ | | | | | | ↑ | | | | | | +-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------------+ | | | | | | +---------|-------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ ↓ Physical Network (192.168.3.0/24) -
docker
由于容器运行在自己单独的network namespace里面(需要使用 veth对), 所以都有自己单独的协议栈, 情况和上面的虚拟机差不多, 但它采用了另一种方式来和外界通信:
+------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Host | Container 1 | Container 2 | | | | | | +--------------------------------------+ | +-------------------------+ | +-------------------------+ | | | Newwork Protocol Stack | | | Newwork Protocol Stack | | | Newwork Protocol Stack | | | +--------------------------------------+ | +-------------------------+ | +-------------------------+ | | ↑ ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | |.........|.............|........................|................|..................|.................|.................| | ↓ ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | | +------+ +--------+ | +-------+ | +-------+ | | |.3.101| | .9.1 | | | .9.2 | | | .9.3 | | | +------+ +--------+ +-------+ | +-------+ | +-------+ | | | eth0 | | br0 |<--->| veth | | | eth0 | | | eth0 | | | +------+ +--------+ +-------+ | +-------+ | +-------+ | | ↑ ↑ ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | | | | +---------------------------+ | | | | | ↓ | | | | | | +-------+ | | | | | | | veth | | | | | | | +-------+ | | | | | | ↑ | | | | | | +------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------+ | | | | | | +---------|--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ ↓ Physical Network (192.168.3.0/24)
-
-
新建 bridge
--vnet0 ==> kvm-host0 宿主机 ==> br0 ==> ens33 ==> --vnet1 ==> kvm-host1-
方法1. 编辑文件配置
# 修改ifcfg-ens33, 注释掉IP信息, 添加 BRIDGE=br0 TYPE=Ethernet BOOTPROTO=none DEFROUTE=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no NAME=ens33 DEVICE=ens33 ONBOOT=yes #IPADDR=192.168.1.100 <= #PREFIX=24 <= BRIDGE=br0 <=
# 添加ifcfg-br0 DEVICE=br0 ONBOOT=yes TYPE=Bridge BOOTPROTO=none IPADDR=192.168.1.100 <= NETMASK=255.255.255.0 <= DELAY=0
重启网络即可
brctl show bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces br0 8000.000c297b41d3 no ens33 <= virbr0 8000.525400e4a58b yes virbr0-nic -
方法2.
brctl命令配置brctl addr br0 brctl addif br0 eth0 brctl stp br0 on brctl delif br0 eth0
-
方法3.
nmcli命令配置nmcli connection add type bridge ifname br0 con-name br0 nmcli connection modify br0 ipv4.addresses 192.168.163.1/24 ipv4.method manual autoconnect yes -
方法4.
ip命令配置ip link add name br0 type bridge ip link set br0 up ip link set dev eth0 master br0 ip addr add 192.168.3.101/24 dev br0
-
脚本：
#!/bin/bash
ip_head1='192.168.161'
ip_head2='10.168.161'
if [ "$1" == "all" ]; then
vm_list=$(virsh list --name)
else
vm_list="$1"
fi
function ping_ip () {
for i in $(seq 1 255); do
{
ping ${ip_head1}.${i} -c 1 -w 1 > /dev/null 2>&1
ping ${ip_head2}.${i} -c 1 -w 1 > /dev/null 2>&1
} &
done
wait
}
function find_vm () {
for vm in ${vm_list}; do
echo "${vm}"
vm_mac=$(virsh domiflist ${vm} | grep -Ew 'br0|br-heartb' | awk '{print $NF}')
for mac in ${vm_mac}; do
arp -n | grep -i ${mac} | awk '{print "\t" "IP:"$1 "\t" "MAC:"$3}'
done
done
}
function main () {
ping_ip
find_vm
}
main实现效果：
-
获取全部虚拟机的 IP
~] bash get_vm_ip.sh all centos7.6 IP:192.168.161.2 MAC:52:54:00:b7:33:03 IP:192.168.161.111 MAC:52:54:00:b7:33:03 rhel7.6 IP:192.168.161.7 MAC:52:54:00:03:20:e1 rhel76-qnetd IP:192.168.161.11 MAC:52:54:00:62:d1:05 IP:10.168.161.14 MAC:52:54:00:a6:8a:13 rhel76-01 IP:192.168.161.14 MAC:52:54:00:e6:3d:8f IP:192.168.161.12 MAC:52:54:00:e6:3d:8f IP:10.168.161.12 MAC:52:54:00:af:5a:d8 rhel76-02 IP:192.168.161.15 MAC:52:54:00:0e:95:37 IP:192.168.161.13 MAC:52:54:00:0e:95:37 IP:10.168.161.13 MAC:52:54:00:84:f3:fd -
获取指定虚拟机的 IP
~] bash get_vm_ip.sh centos7.6 centos7.6 IP:192.168.161.2 MAC:52:54:00:b7:33:03 IP:192.168.161.111 MAC:52:54:00:b7:33:03
#!/bin/bash
if [ "$1" == "all" ]; then
vm_list=$(virsh list --name)
else
vm_list="$1"
fi
function get_mem () {
for vm in ${vm_list}; do
printf "%-20s" "$vm"
virsh dominfo "${vm}" | grep -i 'used memory' | xargs | awk '{print "\t" "Mem(GB): "($3/1024/1024) }'
done
}
function main () {
get_mem
}
main输出示例：
~] bash get_vm_mem.sh all
centos7.6 Mem(GB): 1
centos7.9 Mem(GB): 1
centos8.5 Mem(GB): 1.5
openeuler2003 Mem(GB): 1#!/bin/bash
if [ "$1" == "all" ]; then
vm_list=$(virsh list --all --name)
else
vm_list="$1"
fi
function get_cpu () {
for vm in ${vm_list}; do
printf "%-20s" "${vm}"
virsh vcpucount "${vm}" | grep 'current\s*config' | awk '{print "\t" "CPU(Core): "$3 }'
done
}
function main () {
get_cpu
}
main输出示例：
~] bash get_vm_cpu.sh all
centos7.6 CPU(Core): 1
centos7.9 CPU(Core): 2
centos8.5 CPU(Core): 2
openeuler2003 CPU(Core): 1