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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<title>Hacking Games in a Hacked Game</title>
<meta name="author" content="(Rusty Wagner, Jordan Wiens)"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./reveal.js/css/reveal.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./reveal.js/css/theme/vector35.css" id="theme"/>
<!-- If the query includes 'print-pdf', include the PDF print sheet -->
<script>
if( window.location.search.match( /print-pdf/gi ) ) {
var link = document.createElement( 'link' );
link.rel = 'stylesheet';
link.type = 'text/css';
link.href = './reveal.js/css/print/pdf.css';
document.getElementsByTagName( 'head' )[0].appendChild( link );
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="reveal">
<div class="slides">
<section>
<section id="slide-sec-1">
<h2 id="sec-1">Hacking Games <BR>in a <BR>Hacked Game</h2>
<p>
<img src="./images/rusty-hs.jpg" alt="rusty-hs.jpg" /> <img src="./images/jordan-hs.jpg" alt="jordan-hs.jpg" /> <BR>
<img src="./images/wide-black-small.png" alt="wide-black-small.png" />
</p>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
Hi, I'm Jordan – and I'm Rusty
</p>
</aside>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="slide-sec-2">
<h2 id="sec-2">BIO</h2>
<ul>
<li>CTF junkies</li>
<li>Worked for Raytheon SI</li>
<li>Quit and founded Vector 35 to do "CTF stuff"</li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="slide-sec-3">
<h2 id="sec-3">Is this talk for you?</h2>
<ul>
<li>Did you play Pwn Adventure 3 during Ghost in the Shellcode this year?</li>
<li>Have you ever played a CTF before?</li>
<li>Have you heard of CTFs before?</li>
<li>Have you played or hacked a video game?</li>
</ul>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
Raise your hands and keep them up if any of the following apply to you. If you
still have your hand down, just go ahead and leave now, you're probably not
going to like this talk.
</p>
</aside>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="slide-sec-4" data-background="./images/confused.jpg" data-background-transition="none">
<h2 id="sec-4">Questions?</h2>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="slide-sec-5">
<h2 id="sec-5">Motivation</h2>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
(3min)
Note that most of these next few slides were skipped in the live presentation.
</p>
<p>
First, a brief note on the motivation for the talk. We're really talking about
the growth of both CTFs and gaming together, and how they're related. So first,
gaming.
</p>
</aside>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="slide-sec-6">
<h2 id="sec-6">Game Industry Profits</h2>
<div class="figure">
<p><img src="./images/digicapital.png" alt="digicapital.png" />
</p>
</div>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
Here comes the obligatory "Stuff over time" graphs. In this case, money,
specifically annual revenue of the video game industry. It's a $90B (or
maybe more depending on who's doing the counting) industry, and is only
expected to grow.
</p>
<p>
<a href="http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2614915">http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2614915</a> (predicted 100B)
Digi-Capital<sub>Global</sub><sub>Games</sub><sub>Investment</sub><sub>Review</sub><sub>2015</sub><sub>Executive</sub><sub>Summary</sub>.pdf
</p>
</aside>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="slide-sec-7">
<h2 id="sec-7">Hacking (in?) the Game Industry</h2>
<ul>
<li>As old as the game industry itself</li>
<li>Led to the rise of the demo scene, cracking, trainers, etc</li>
</ul>
<div class="figure">
<p><img src="./images/sanderfocus_animation.gif" alt="sanderfocus_animation.gif" />
</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-7-1">
<h3 id="sec-7-1">Notable Examples</h3>
<ul>
<li>BNET.D (interop)</li>
<li>Glider (interop)</li>
<li>Diablo 3 Auction House (vuln)</li>
</ul>
<div class="figure">
<p><img src="./images/blizzard.jpg" alt="blizzard.jpg" />
</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-7-2">
<h3 id="sec-7-2">Code-Signing</h3>
<ul>
<li>Game platforms as early bellwethers</li>
</ul>
<p>
<img src="./images/twilight-hack.jpg" alt="twilight-hack.jpg" />
<img src="./images/nintendo-patch.jpg" alt="nintendo-patch.jpg" />
</p>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
Discussion of how early video game platforms had incentive for strong DRM and
were some of the first to implement code-signing. The hacks from those days
(stealing code-signed objects and repurposing them, for example) remain relevant
today. Instead of a save game file and video game, it's a signed kernel module
with a bug for a priv-esc.
</p>
</aside>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-7-3">
<h3 id="sec-7-3">TAS Total Control</h3>
<div class="figure">
<p><img src="./images/tasvideos.png" alt="tasvideos.png" />
</p>
</div>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
The Tool-Assisted Speed run scene in gaming has done some pretty amazing
stuff. They started with frame-perfect replays of particular games in emulators,
and have graduated to what they now call "total control" which is not only
arbitrary code execution but implementing some ridiculous payloads on top of it.
</p>
<p>
They started many years ago with "select glitches", abusing state bugs to cause
single byte increments or overwrites to change warp destinations or item types,
for example. These were often found without actually understanding the causes or
implications, but lately they've moved far beyond
</p>
<p>
The Tool-Assisted Speed Run scene has really taken off in recent years. They've
even invented a new term for code execution, "total control", and pulled off
some super neat tricks.
</p>
</aside>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-7-3-1">
<h4 id="sec-7-3-1">TASBot</h4>
<div class="figure">
<p><img src="./images/tasbot.jpg" alt="tasbot.jpg" />
</p>
</div>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
<a href="https://twitter.com/mrtasbot">https://twitter.com/mrtasbot</a>
</p>
<p>
Hardware platform for physical interaction with games. No longer doing total
control exploits via emulators and software inputs but actually wiring directly
into consoles via gamepad interfaces. (Though sometimes cheating with wiring up
reset buttons as well)
</p>
</aside>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-7-3-2">
<h4 id="sec-7-3-2">AGDQ 2015</h4>
<div class="figure">
<p><img src="./images/tasbot-twitch.png" alt="tasbot-twitch.png" />
</p>
</div>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
<a href="https://twitter.com/mrtasbot">https://twitter.com/mrtasbot</a>
<a href="http://tasvideos.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=15787">http://tasvideos.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=15787</a>
<a href="http://www.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/2rhvsa/tasbot_executes_arbitrary_code_on_the_snes_with/cngj16x">http://www.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/2rhvsa/tasbot_executes_arbitrary_code_on_the_snes_with/cngj16x</a>
</p>
</aside>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="slide-sec-8" data-state="chart1">
<h2 id="sec-8">Growth of CTFs</h2>
<canvas id="chart1" width="800" height="600"></canvas>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
Who here has played on a team ranked on ctftime?
</p>
<p>
There's also an interesting parallel trend in the CTF world that parallels the
growth of the game industry. Not only are CTFs taking off in popularity, but (as
Chris Eagle discussed here two years ago), there's increasingly real-world
spill-over between them.
</p>
</aside>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="slide-sec-9">
<h2 id="sec-9">Brief History of CTFs</h2>
<div class="figure">
<p><img src="./images/two-toy-soldiers.jpg" alt="two-toy-soldiers.jpg" />
</p>
</div>
<aside class="notes">
nil
</aside>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-9-1">
<h3 id="sec-9-1">Basics</h3>
<ul>
<li>Red Team (Jeopardy Style)</li>
<li>Blue Team ("Defensive")</li>
<li>Full Spectrum (or Attack/Defense)</li>
<li>WarGames</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-9-2">
<h3 id="sec-9-2">DEF CON</h3>
<ul>
<li>One of the earliest (1996)</li>
<li>Beginning of "modern" A/D (2004/2005)</li>
<li>Kenshoto (2005-2009)</li>
<li>DDTEK (2010-2013)</li>
<li>LegitBS (2014-Current)</li>
</ul>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
One of the oldest events, always been attack-defense, pretty much defined the
modern-attack defense style event.
</p>
</aside>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="slide-sec-10" data-background="./images/bugs.jpg" data-background-transition="none">
<h2 id="sec-10">Real World Bugs</h2>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
(5min)
</p>
</aside>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-10-1">
<h3 id="sec-10-1"></h3>
<div class="figure">
<p><img src="./images/phplogo.png" alt="phplogo.png" />
</p>
</div>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
PHP in general is worthy of its own whole talk about CTF challenges
The whipping boy of CTFs (and Stefan Esser), PHP is constantly getting picked
on. You could fill a talk showing nothing but the awful ways PHP is abused and
mocked. A couple of common targets for abuse are:
</p>
</aside>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-10-1-1">
<h4 id="sec-10-1-1">fighting for equality</h4>
<div class="figure">
<p><img src="./images/php.png" alt="php.png" />
</p>
</div>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
When are two unequal things equal? If you ask PHP, pretty darn often. An empty
array? Why yes, yes it is equal to any random string.
</p>
</aside>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-10-1-2">
<h4 id="sec-10-1-2">example</h4>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-php"><span style="color: #94BFF3;"><?php</span>
<span style="color: #DCDCCC; background-color: #111111;">$</span><span style="color: #DFAF8F;">key</span> = <span style="color: #CC9393;">"key{XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX}"</span>;
<span style="color: #DCDCCC; background-color: #111111;">$</span><span style="color: #DFAF8F;">pass</span> = <span style="color: #CC9393;">"XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"</span>;
<span style="color: #F0DFAF; font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span style="color: #DCDCCC;">(</span> strcasecmp<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">(</span> <span style="color: #DCDCCC; background-color: #111111;">$</span><span style="color: #DFAF8F;">_GET</span><span style="color: #D0BF8F;">[</span><span style="color: #CC9393;">'pass'</span><span style="color: #D0BF8F;">]</span>, <span style="color: #DCDCCC; background-color: #111111;">$</span><span style="color: #DFAF8F;">pass</span> <span style="color: #BFEBBF;">)</span> == <span style="color: #BFEBBF;">0</span> <span style="color: #DCDCCC;">)</span> <span style="color: #DCDCCC;">{</span>
<span style="color: #F0DFAF; font-weight: bold;">echo</span><span style="color: #BFEBBF;">(</span><span style="color: #DCDCCC; background-color: #111111;">$</span><span style="color: #DFAF8F;">key</span><span style="color: #BFEBBF;">)</span>;
<span style="color: #DCDCCC;">}</span>
<span style="color: #94BFF3;">?></span>
</pre>
</div>
<span class="fragment (-)"><p>
<code>$ curl http://target.ip/?pass[]</code>
</p></span>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
This bug is particularly interesting since multiple CTFs have been bitten by it
unintentionally in their own score infrastructure. You'd think people would have
figured it out by now with all the challenges highlighting how broken it is, but
apparently not.
</p>
<p>
Note though that these two bugs weren't specifically found in a CTF, though many
CTF players were introduced to them through CTFs.
</p>
</aside>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-10-1-3">
<h4 id="sec-10-1-3">php-cgi</h4>
<p>
<a href="http://eindbazen.net/2012/05/php-cgi-advisory-cve-2012-1823/">eindbazen.net/2012/05/php-cgi-advisory-cve-2012-1823</a>
<img src="./images/eindbazen.png" alt="eindbazen.png" />
</p>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
The third bug, however was an actual 0day that came from a CTF. It turns out one
of the problems with a CTF is untended solutions. Sometimes those unintended
solutions result in accidental 0day (more often than you'd think). One such
example was the php-cgi vulnerability that Eindbazen found a few years ago.
</p>
</aside>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-10-2">
<h3 id="sec-10-2">go go!</h3>
<p>
Bunyan's Revenge (PlaidCTF 2013)
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-C"> <span style="color: #F0DFAF; font-weight: bold;">case</span> ODOTPTR:
cgen<span style="color: #DCDCCC;">(</span>nl, res<span style="color: #DCDCCC;">)</span>;
+ <span style="color: #5F7F5F;">// </span><span style="color: #7F9F7F; font-style: italic;">explicit check for nil if struct is large enough</span>
+ <span style="color: #5F7F5F;">// </span><span style="color: #7F9F7F; font-style: italic;">that we might derive too big a pointer.</span>
+ <span style="color: #F0DFAF; font-weight: bold;">if</span><span style="color: #DCDCCC;">(</span>nl->type->type->width >= unmappedzero<span style="color: #DCDCCC;">)</span> <span style="color: #DCDCCC;">{</span>
+ regalloc<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">(</span>&n1, types<span style="color: #D0BF8F;">[</span>tptr<span style="color: #D0BF8F;">]</span>, res<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">)</span>;
+ gmove<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">(</span>res, &n1<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">)</span>;
+ n1.op = OINDREG;
+ n1.type = types<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">[</span>TUINT8<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">]</span>;
+ n1.xoffset = <span style="color: #BFEBBF;">0</span>;
+ gins<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">(</span>ATESTB, nodintconst<span style="color: #D0BF8F;">(</span><span style="color: #BFEBBF;">0</span><span style="color: #D0BF8F;">)</span>, &n1<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">)</span>;
+ regfree<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">(</span>&n1<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">)</span>;
+ <span style="color: #DCDCCC;">}</span>
<span style="color: #F0DFAF; font-weight: bold;">if</span><span style="color: #DCDCCC;">(</span>n->xoffset != <span style="color: #BFEBBF;">0</span><span style="color: #DCDCCC;">)</span> <span style="color: #DCDCCC;">{</span>
- <span style="color: #5F7F5F;">// </span><span style="color: #7F9F7F; font-style: italic;">explicit check for nil if struct is large enough</span>
- <span style="color: #5F7F5F;">// </span><span style="color: #7F9F7F; font-style: italic;">that we might derive too big a pointer.</span>
- <span style="color: #F0DFAF; font-weight: bold;">if</span><span style="color: #BFEBBF;">(</span>nl->type->type->width >= unmappedzero<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">)</span> <span style="color: #BFEBBF;">{</span>
- regalloc<span style="color: #D0BF8F;">(</span>&n1, types<span style="color: #93E0E3;">[</span>tptr<span style="color: #93E0E3;">]</span>, res<span style="color: #D0BF8F;">)</span>;
- gmove<span style="color: #D0BF8F;">(</span>res, &n1<span style="color: #D0BF8F;">)</span>;
- n1.op = OINDREG;
- n1.type = types<span style="color: #D0BF8F;">[</span>TUINT8<span style="color: #D0BF8F;">]</span>;
- n1.xoffset = <span style="color: #BFEBBF;">0</span>;
- gins<span style="color: #D0BF8F;">(</span>ATESTB, nodintconst<span style="color: #93E0E3;">(</span><span style="color: #BFEBBF;">0</span><span style="color: #93E0E3;">)</span>, &n1<span style="color: #D0BF8F;">)</span>;
- regfree<span style="color: #D0BF8F;">(</span>&n1<span style="color: #D0BF8F;">)</span>;
- <span style="color: #BFEBBF;">}</span>
ginscon<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">(</span>optoas<span style="color: #D0BF8F;">(</span>OADD, types<span style="color: #93E0E3;">[</span>tptr<span style="color: #93E0E3;">]</span><span style="color: #D0BF8F;">)</span>, n->xoffset, res<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">)</span>;
</pre>
</div>
<aside class="notes">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Real GO developers annoying about security, so…
</li>
</ul>
</aside>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-10-3">
<h3 id="sec-10-3">Pirate Danbi</h3>
<ul>
<li>TLV protocol</li>
<li>bzip2</li>
<li><a href="https://git.io/vvETK">https://git.io/vvETK</a> (ctf writeup repository)</li>
</ul>
<div class="figure">
<p><img src="./images/beist.png" alt="beist.png" class="fragment (-)" />
</p>
</div>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
Upload some data, decompress it as BZip
</p>
<p>
Interesting to note that in real CTFs, people usually don't look to the real
libraries initially since it would typically make the events take up too much
time – or at least, if we always were investigating things it would.
</p>
</aside>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-10-4">
<h3 id="sec-10-4">lollerskaters privesc</h3>
<pre class="fragment (appear)">
=============================================================================
FreeBSD-SA-11:05.unix Security Advisory
The FreeBSD Project
Topic: Buffer overflow in handling of UNIX socket addresses
Category: core
Module: kern
Announced: 2011-09-28
Credits: Mateusz Guzik
Affects: All supported versions of FreeBSD.
[...]
II. Problem Description
When a UNIX-domain socket is attached to a location using the bind(2)
system call, the length of the provided path is not validated. Later,
when this address was returned via other system calls, it is copied into
a fixed-length buffer.
Linux uses a larger socket address structure for UNIX-domain sockets
than FreeBSD, and the FreeBSD's linux emulation code did not translate
UNIX-domain socket addresses into the correct size of structure.
</pre>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
<a href="https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-11:05.unix.asc">https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-11:05.unix.asc</a>
</p>
</aside>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-10-5">
<h3 id="sec-10-5">wireshark 0day</h3>
<div class="figure">
<p><img src="./images/wireshark.jpg" alt="wireshark.jpg" />
</p>
</div>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
<a href="http://reddit.com/r/netsec/comments/xgzt1/defcon_20_ctf_network_raw_pcap_torrent/c5mvehs">http://reddit.com/r/netsec/comments/xgzt1/defcon_20_ctf_network_raw_pcap_torrent/c5mvehs</a>
</p>
</aside>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-10-6">
<h3 id="sec-10-6">guesspw</h3>
<ul>
<li>challenge from codegate CTF</li>
</ul>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-C">inputfile = realpath<span style="color: #DCDCCC;">(</span>argv<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">[</span><span style="color: #BFEBBF;">1</span><span style="color: #BFEBBF;">]</span><span style="color: #DCDCCC;">)</span>;
<span style="color: #F0DFAF; font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span style="color: #DCDCCC;">(</span>strstr<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">(</span>inputfile,<span style="color: #CC9393;">"password"</span><span style="color: #BFEBBF;">)</span> || strstr<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">(</span>inputfile,<span style="color: #CC9393;">"flag"</span><span style="color: #BFEBBF;">)</span><span style="color: #DCDCCC;">)</span>
<span style="color: #DCDCCC;">{</span>
<span style="color: #F0DFAF; font-weight: bold;">goto</span> <span style="color: #BFEBBF;">fail</span>;
<span style="color: #DCDCCC;">}</span>
password = read<span style="color: #DCDCCC;">(</span>open<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">(</span><span style="color: #CC9393;">"/home/guesspw/password"</span><span style="color: #BFEBBF;">)</span><span style="color: #DCDCCC;">)</span>;
attempt = read<span style="color: #DCDCCC;">(</span>open<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">(</span>inputfile<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">)</span><span style="color: #DCDCCC;">)</span>;
<span style="color: #F0DFAF; font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span style="color: #DCDCCC;">(</span>strcmp<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">(</span>password,attempt<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">)</span><span style="color: #DCDCCC;">)</span>
<span style="color: #DCDCCC;">{</span>
system<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">(</span><span style="color: #CC9393;">"/bin/sh"</span><span style="color: #BFEBBF;">)</span>;
<span style="color: #DCDCCC;">}</span>
</pre>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-10-6-1">
<h4 id="sec-10-6-1">guesspw solutions</h4>
<ul>
<li class="fragment -">/dev/fd/3</li>
<li class="fragment -">race condition (TOCTTOU)</li>
<li class="fragment -">MAXSYMLINKS (SYMLOOP＿PMAX)</li>
</ul>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
Who knows about MAXSYMLINKS? (BSD), or SYMLOOP＿PMAX (POSIX)?
Who knows what the values are commonly defined as? (8, 40)
</p>
</aside>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-10-7">
<h3 id="sec-10-7">bound payloads / chflags</h3>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
A number of the same techniques Patrick mentioned yesterday in his BADA$$ OS X
Malware talk have been fielded over the past few years in CTFs. Our team
encrypted payloads using unique properties of the target host, for example four
years ago. It makes 'overnight analysis' difficult or impossible.
</p>
<p>
Additionally, the example he cited of chflags settings as well has been used
back when DEF CON was BSD based.
</p>
<p>
Ask me afterward about de-anonymizing hosts on a reverse-NAT through the TCP
timestamp field too.
</p>
</aside>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="slide-sec-11">
<h2 id="sec-11">Free Tools!</h2>
<div class="figure">
<p><img src="./images/freelabor.jpg" alt="freelabor.jpg" />
</p>
</div>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
Crowd-sourced bugs.
</p>
<p>
Tested SCC as a GitS challenge, measured how long reversing would take for
protection of DEF CON CTF payloads.
</p>
<p>
Want someone to build a free IDA loader for you if one doesn't exist for the
platform you're working on? Just release a CTF challenge on it, and someone will
publish it! Somewhat kidding about this, but it has happened multiple times. I
know multiple people who've released challenges specifically for that, and even
as recently as a few months ago, a Nintendo 3DSX loader for IDA was created
specifically because of a CTF challenge.
</p>
<p>
<a href="https://github.com/0xEBFE/3DSX-IDA-PRO-Loader">https://github.com/0xEBFE/3DSX-IDA-PRO-Loader</a>
</p>
</aside>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="slide-sec-12">
<h2 id="sec-12">CTF Gaming Challenges</h2>
<p>
(a most certainly non-exhaustive list)
</p>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
(20min)
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>PPP/GitS one upping / inspiration (explain PPP/GitS!)
</li>
<li>Complexity on the rise
</li>
</ul>
</aside>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-12-1">
<h3 id="sec-12-1"></h3>
<pre class="example">
________
/ ____/ /_ ____ ____ ________ __ ______ __ _______
/ / / __ \/ __ \/ __ \/ ___/ _ \ / / / / __ \/ / / / ___/
/ /___/ / / / /_/ / /_/ (__ ) __/ / /_/ / /_/ / /_/ / /
\____/_/ /_/\____/\____/____/\___/ \__, /\____/\__,_/_/
____ ___ __ /____/ __
/ __ \_ ______ / | ____/ / _____ ____ / /___ __________
/ /_/ / | /| / / __ \ / /| |/ __ / | / / _ \/ __ \/ __/ / / / ___/ _ \
/ ____/| |/ |/ / / / / / ___ / /_/ /| |/ / __/ / / / /_/ /_/ / / / __/
/_/ |__/|__/_/ /_/ /_/ |_\__,_/ |___/\___/_/ /_/\__/\__,_/_/ \___/
You hold in your hands a map to a vast treasure under the mountain. Your
desire to be rich far outweighs your desire to cooperate with others, so
you are obviously going on this quest alone, with only your wits and your
awesome hacker magic to aid you.
You start your quest on a road just outside of town.
You feel a strange forboding feeling eminating from the map, like it has
an alien magic all of its own.
What do you do?
1) Follow the road toward the mountain.
2) Turn around and ask the mage in town what is going on.
Choice:
</pre>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
Feb 15, 2013
Started the name of the series, "Chose your Pwn Adventure" because you could
solve it multiple ways.
</p>
</aside>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-12-2">
<h3 id="sec-12-2">Blocky</h3>
<div class="figure">
<p><img src="./images/blocky-02-overview.png" alt="blocky-02-overview.png" />
</p>
</div>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
January 27, 2012
<a href="http://andrewl.dreamhosters.com/blog/2012-02-07/">http://andrewl.dreamhosters.com/blog/2012-02-07/</a>
Explain context of SMT solvers to modern exploitation
</p>
</aside>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-12-3">
<h3 id="sec-12-3">Blocky</h3>
<div class="figure">
<p><img src="./images/blocky-03-westdetail.png" alt="blocky-03-westdetail.png" />
</p>
</div>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
January 27, 2012
<a href="http://andrewl.dreamhosters.com/blog/2012-02-07/">http://andrewl.dreamhosters.com/blog/2012-02-07/</a>
</p>
</aside>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-12-4">
<h3 id="sec-12-4">Escape from Minecraft</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://blog.dragonsector.pl/2014/02/ph4quals-escape-from-minecraft.html">Dragon Sector Writeup</a></li>
</ul>
<div class="figure">
<p><img src="./images/logic_overview.png" alt="logic_overview.png" />
</p>
</div>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
PHDays
Jan 25, 2014 - Jan 27, 2014
Four stage, 4-bit shift register
</p>
</aside>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-12-5">
<h3 id="sec-12-5">Plaid CTF v1</h3>
<div class="figure">
<p><img src="./images/worldmap.png" alt="worldmap.png" />
</p>
</div>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
Apr 27, 2012 - Apr 28, 2012
</p>
</aside>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-12-6">
<h3 id="sec-12-6">Plaid CTF v2</h3>
<div class="figure">
<p><img src="./images/pctf2013.jpg" alt="pctf2013.jpg" />
</p>
</div>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
April 19, 2013 - April 20, 2013
</p>
</aside>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-12-7">
<h3 id="sec-12-7">Pwn Adventure (2)</h3>
<video width="960" height="540" controls data-autoplay><source src="media/gits2014teaser-small.mp4" type="video/mp4"></video>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
Jan 17, 2014 — Jan 19, 2014
</p>
</aside>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="slide-sec-13">
<h2 id="sec-13">Pwn Adventure 3 Demo</h2>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
(30min)
</p>
</aside>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-13-1">
<h3 id="sec-13-1">Challenges</h3>
<ul>
<li>Unbearable Revenge</li>
<li>Fire and Ice</li>
<li>Overachiever</li>
<li>Until the Cows Come Home</li>
<li>Pirate's Treasure</li>
<li>Blocky's Revenge</li>
<li>Egg Hunt</li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="slide-sec-14">
<h2 id="sec-14">3rd Party Hacks</h2>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
(45min)
</p>
</aside>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-14-1">
<h3 id="sec-14-1">LD＿PRELOAD</h3>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-14-2">
<h3 id="sec-14-2">Wireshark Dissector</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/maetrics/wireshark-scripts/blob/master/gits.lua">https://github.com/maetrics/wireshark-scripts/blob/master/gits.lua</a></li>
</ul>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-js">-- gits.lua
-- A wireshark plug-<span style="color: #F0DFAF; font-weight: bold;">in</span> to reverse engineer PwnAdventure <span style="color: #BFEBBF;">3</span> traffic
--
-- http:<span style="color: #5F7F5F;">//</span><span style="color: #7F9F7F; font-style: italic;">pwnadventure.com/ for more information.</span>
--
gits_proto=Proto<span style="color: #DCDCCC;">(</span><span style="color: #CC9393;">"GitS"</span>, <span style="color: #CC9393;">"Pwn Adventure 3"</span><span style="color: #DCDCCC;">)</span>
<span style="color: #F0DFAF; font-weight: bold;">function</span> <span style="color: #93E0E3;">addLocation</span><span style="color: #DCDCCC;">(</span><span style="color: #DFAF8F;">tvb</span>, <span style="color: #DFAF8F;">pos</span>, <span style="color: #DFAF8F;">tree</span><span style="color: #DCDCCC;">)</span>
local branch
branch=tree:add<span style="color: #DCDCCC;">(</span>tvb<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">(</span>pos,<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">12</span><span style="color: #BFEBBF;">)</span>, <span style="color: #CC9393;">"Location"</span><span style="color: #DCDCCC;">)</span>
branch:add<span style="color: #DCDCCC;">(</span>tvb<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">(</span>pos,<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">4</span><span style="color: #BFEBBF;">)</span>, <span style="color: #CC9393;">"X Coordinates: "</span>..tvb<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">(</span>pos,<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">4</span><span style="color: #BFEBBF;">)</span>:le_uint<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">()</span><span style="color: #DCDCCC;">)</span>
branch:add<span style="color: #DCDCCC;">(</span>tvb<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">(</span>pos+<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">4</span>,<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">4</span><span style="color: #BFEBBF;">)</span>, <span style="color: #CC9393;">"Y Coordinates: "</span>..tvb<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">(</span>pos+<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">4</span>,<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">4</span><span style="color: #BFEBBF;">)</span>:le_uint<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">()</span><span style="color: #DCDCCC;">)</span>
branch:add<span style="color: #DCDCCC;">(</span>tvb<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">(</span>pos+<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">8</span>,<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">4</span><span style="color: #BFEBBF;">)</span>, <span style="color: #CC9393;">"Z Coordinates: "</span>..tvb<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">(</span>pos+<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">8</span>,<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">4</span><span style="color: #BFEBBF;">)</span>:le_uint<span style="color: #BFEBBF;">()</span><span style="color: #DCDCCC;">)</span>
end
</pre>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-14-3">
<h3 id="sec-14-3">PwnAdventure3Hacks Github</h3>
<ul>
<li>DirectX Overlay</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/zku/PwnAdventure3Hacks">github.com/zku/PwnAdventure3Hacks</a></li>
</ul>
<div class="figure">
<p><img src="./images/overlay.png" alt="overlay.png" />
</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-14-4">
<h3 id="sec-14-4">Samurai PwnHax.cpp</h3>
<p>
<a href="https://gist.github.com/dropkickgit/2b65c0ac18506e5c5f0f">gist.github.com/dropkickgit/2b65c0ac18506e5c5f0f</a>
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-C"><span style="color: #94BFF3;">#include</span> <span style="color: #CC9393;"><Windows.h></span>
<span style="color: #94BFF3;">#include</span> <span style="color: #CC9393;"><detours.h></span>
<span style="color: #94BFF3;">#include</span> <span style="color: #CC9393;"><fstream></span>
<span style="color: #94BFF3;">#include</span> <span style="color: #CC9393;"><cstdio></span>
<span style="color: #94BFF3;">#include</span> <span style="color: #CC9393;"><cstdlib></span>
<span style="color: #94BFF3;">#pragma</span> comment<span style="color: #DCDCCC;">(</span>lib, <span style="color: #CC9393;">"detours.lib"</span><span style="color: #DCDCCC;">)</span>
<span style="color: #5F7F5F;">// </span><span style="color: #7F9F7F; font-style: italic;">Classes</span>
<span style="color: #7CB8BB;">class</span> <span style="color: #DFAF8F;">TCPSocket</span> <span style="color: #DCDCCC;">{}</span>;
<span style="color: #7CB8BB;">class</span> <span style="color: #DFAF8F;">Player</span> <span style="color: #DCDCCC;">{}</span>;
<span style="color: #7CB8BB;">class</span> <span style="color: #DFAF8F;">Actor</span> <span style="color: #DCDCCC;">{}</span>;
<span style="color: #5F7F5F;">// </span><span style="color: #7F9F7F; font-style: italic;">Structs</span>
<span style="color: #F0DFAF; font-weight: bold;">struct</span> <span style="color: #7CB8BB;">Vector3</span> <span style="color: #DCDCCC;">{</span>
<span style="color: #7CB8BB;">float</span> <span style="color: #DFAF8F;">x</span>, <span style="color: #DFAF8F;">y</span>, <span style="color: #DFAF8F;">z</span>;
<span style="color: #DCDCCC;">}</span>;
<span style="color: #5F7F5F;">// </span><span style="color: #7F9F7F; font-style: italic;">Typedefs</span>
<span style="color: #F0DFAF; font-weight: bold;">typedef</span> <span style="color: #7CB8BB;">bool</span><span style="color: #DCDCCC;">(</span><span style="color: #7CB8BB;">__thiscall</span> *<span style="color: #DFAF8F;">SendFunc</span><span style="color: #DCDCCC;">)(</span><span style="color: #7CB8BB;">TCPSocket</span> *, <span style="color: #F0DFAF; font-weight: bold;">const</span> <span style="color: #7CB8BB;">void</span>*, <span style="color: #7CB8BB;">unsigned</span> <span style="color: #7CB8BB;">int</span><span style="color: #DCDCCC;">)</span>;
<span style="color: #F0DFAF; font-weight: bold;">typedef</span> <span style="color: #7CB8BB;">bool</span><span style="color: #DCDCCC;">(</span><span style="color: #7CB8BB;">__thiscall</span> *<span style="color: #DFAF8F;">RecvFunc</span><span style="color: #DCDCCC;">)(</span><span style="color: #7CB8BB;">TCPSocket</span> *, <span style="color: #7CB8BB;">void</span>*, <span style="color: #7CB8BB;">unsigned</span> <span style="color: #7CB8BB;">int</span><span style="color: #DCDCCC;">)</span>;
<span style="color: #F0DFAF; font-weight: bold;">typedef</span> <span style="color: #7CB8BB;">bool</span><span style="color: #DCDCCC;">(</span><span style="color: #7CB8BB;">__thiscall</span> *<span style="color: #DFAF8F;">CanJumpFunc</span><span style="color: #DCDCCC;">)(</span><span style="color: #7CB8BB;">Player</span> *<span style="color: #DCDCCC;">)</span>;
<span style="color: #F0DFAF; font-weight: bold;">typedef</span> <span style="color: #7CB8BB;">bool</span><span style="color: #DCDCCC;">(</span><span style="color: #7CB8BB;">__thiscall</span> *<span style="color: #DFAF8F;">PlayerChatFunc</span><span style="color: #DCDCCC;">)(</span><span style="color: #7CB8BB;">Player</span> *, <span style="color: #F0DFAF; font-weight: bold;">const</span> <span style="color: #7CB8BB;">char</span> *<span style="color: #DCDCCC;">)</span>;
<span style="color: #F0DFAF; font-weight: bold;">typedef</span> <span style="color: #7CB8BB;">void</span><span style="color: #DCDCCC;">(</span><span style="color: #7CB8BB;">__thiscall</span> *<span style="color: #DFAF8F;">PlayerFastTravelFunc</span><span style="color: #DCDCCC;">)(</span><span style="color: #7CB8BB;">Player</span> *, <span style="color: #F0DFAF; font-weight: bold;">const</span> <span style="color: #7CB8BB;">char</span> *, <span style="color: #F0DFAF; font-weight: bold;">const</span> <span style="color: #7CB8BB;">char</span> *<span style="color: #DCDCCC;">)</span>;
<span style="color: #F0DFAF; font-weight: bold;">typedef</span> <span style="color: #7CB8BB;">void</span><span style="color: #DCDCCC;">(</span><span style="color: #7CB8BB;">__thiscall</span> *<span style="color: #DFAF8F;">ActorSetPositionFunc</span><span style="color: #DCDCCC;">)(</span><span style="color: #7CB8BB;">Actor</span> *, <span style="color: #7CB8BB;">Vector3</span> *<span style="color: #DCDCCC;">)</span>;
<span style="color: #5F7F5F;">// </span><span style="color: #7F9F7F; font-style: italic;">Globals</span>
<span style="color: #7CB8BB;">SendFunc</span> <span style="color: #DFAF8F;">RealSend</span>;
<span style="color: #7CB8BB;">RecvFunc</span> <span style="color: #DFAF8F;">RealRecv</span>;
<span style="color: #7CB8BB;">CanJumpFunc</span> <span style="color: #DFAF8F;">RealCanJump</span>;
<span style="color: #7CB8BB;">PlayerChatFunc</span> <span style="color: #DFAF8F;">RealChat</span>;
<span style="color: #7CB8BB;">PlayerFastTravelFunc</span> <span style="color: #DFAF8F;">PlayerFastTravel</span>;
<span style="color: #7CB8BB;">ActorSetPositionFunc</span> <span style="color: #DFAF8F;">ActorSetPosition</span>;
<span style="color: #7CB8BB;">Player</span> *<span style="color: #DFAF8F;">playerObj</span> = <span style="color: #BFEBBF;">0</span>;
<span style="color: #7CB8BB;">TCPSocket</span> *<span style="color: #DFAF8F;">clientSock</span> = <span style="color: #BFEBBF;">0</span>;
std::ofstream DbgLogger;
</pre>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="slide-sec-15" data-background="./images/bees.jpg" data-background-transition="none">
<h2 id="sec-15">Unintended Bugs</h2>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-15-1" data-background="./images/theft.jpg" data-background-transition="none">
<h3 id="sec-15-1">OmniTheft</h3>
<aside class="notes">
nil
</aside>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-15-2" data-background="./images/golden.jpg" data-background-transition="none">
<h3 id="sec-15-2">Bearly Assasinated</h3>
<aside class="notes">
nil
</aside>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-15-3" data-background="./images/flying.jpg" data-background-transition="none">
<h3 id="sec-15-3">Flying Bodies</h3>
<aside class="notes">
nil
</aside>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-15-4" data-background="./images/eggs.jpg" data-background-transition="none">
<h3 id="sec-15-4">Eggcellent Solution</h3>
<aside class="notes">
nil
</aside>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-15-5" data-background="./images/engine.jpg" data-background-transition="none">
<h3 id="sec-15-5">Cheat Engine</h3>
<aside class="notes">
nil
</aside>
</section>
<section id="slide-sec-15-6" data-background="./images/cave.jpg" data-background-transition="none">
<h3 id="sec-15-6">Spelunking</h3>
<aside class="notes">
<p>
Unintended solution killed via testing.
</p>
</aside>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="slide-sec-16">
<h2 id="sec-16">Useful CTF Tools</h2>
<ul>
<li>xortool <a href="https://github.com/hellman/xortool">github.com/hellman/xortool</a></li>
<li>pwntools <a href="https://github.com/Gallopsled/pwntools">github.com/Gallopsled/pwntools</a></li>
<li>qira <a href="https://github.com/BinaryAnalysisPlatform/qira">github.com/BinaryAnalysisPlatform/qira</a> / <a href="http://qira.me">qira.me</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="slide-sec-17">
<h2 id="sec-17">More CTF Resources</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://ctftime.org/">ctftime.org</a> - Events, team scores, writeups</li>
<li><a href="http://captf.com/">captf.com</a> - dump site, mirrors, calendar</li>
<li><a href="http://golden-flags.com/">golden-flags.com</a> - yearly CTF awards</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ctfs/">github.com/ctfs</a> - best maintained collection of writeups</li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="slide-sec-18">
<h2 id="sec-18">Meta</h2>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-text">Thanks to:
Dragon Sector Escape from Minecraft Writeup used with Permission:
http://blog.dragonsector.pl/2014/02/ph4quals-escape-from-minecraft.html
Made with:
Spacemacs: https://github.com/syl20bnr/spacemacs