diff --git a/application/libraries/__.php b/application/libraries/__.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5c25e0f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/libraries/__.php
@@ -0,0 +1,1120 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * Underscore.php v1.3.1
+ * Copyright (c) 2011 Brian Haveri
+ * Underscore.php is licensed under the MIT license
+ * Underscore.php was inspired by and borrowed from Underscore.js
+ * For docs, license, tests, and downloads, see: http://brianhaveri.github.com/Underscore.php
+ */
+
+// Returns an instance of __ for OO-style calls
+function __($item=null) {
+  $__ = new __;
+  if(func_num_args() > 0) $__->_wrapped = $item;
+  return $__;
+}
+
+// Underscore.php
+class __ {
+  
+  // Start the chain
+  private $_chained = false; // Are we in a chain?
+  public function chain($item=null) {
+    list($item) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 1);
+    
+    $__ = (isset($this) && isset($this->_chained) && $this->_chained) ? $this : __($item);
+    $__->_chained = true;
+    return $__;
+  }
+  
+  
+  // End the chain
+  public function value() {
+    return (isset($this)) ? $this->_wrapped : null;
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Invoke the iterator on each item in the collection
+  public function each($collection=null, $iterator=null) {
+    list($collection, $iterator) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 2);
+    
+    if(is_null($collection)) return self::_wrap(null);
+    
+    $collection = (array) self::_collection($collection);
+    if(count($collection) === 0) return self::_wrap(null);
+    
+    foreach($collection as $k=>$v) {
+      call_user_func($iterator, $v, $k, $collection);
+    }
+    return self::_wrap(null);
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Return an array of values by mapping each item through the iterator
+  // map alias: collect
+  public function collect($collection=null, $iterator=null) { return self::map($collection, $iterator); }
+  public function map($collection=null, $iterator=null) {
+    list($collection, $iterator) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 2);
+    
+    if(is_null($collection)) return self::_wrap(array());
+    
+    $collection = (array) self::_collection($collection);
+    if(count($collection) === 0) self::_wrap(array());
+    
+    $return = array();
+    foreach($collection as $k=>$v) {
+      $return[] = call_user_func($iterator, $v, $k, $collection);
+    }
+    return self::_wrap($return);
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Reduce a collection to a single value
+  // reduce aliases: foldl, inject
+  public function foldl($collection=null, $iterator=null, $memo=null) { return self::reduce($collection, $iterator, $memo); }
+  public function inject($collection=null, $iterator=null, $memo=null) { return self::reduce($collection, $iterator, $memo); }
+  public function reduce($collection=null, $iterator=null, $memo=null) {
+    list($collection, $iterator, $memo) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 3);
+    
+    if(!is_object($collection) && !is_array($collection)) {
+      if(is_null($memo)) throw new Exception('Invalid object');
+      else return self::_wrap($memo);
+    }
+    
+    return self::_wrap(array_reduce($collection, $iterator, $memo));
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Right-associative version of reduce
+  // reduceRight alias: foldr
+  public function foldr($collection=null, $iterator=null, $memo=null) { return self::reduceRight($collection, $iterator, $memo); }
+  public function reduceRight($collection=null, $iterator=null, $memo=null) {
+    list($collection, $iterator, $memo) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 3);
+    
+    if(!is_object($collection) && !is_array($collection)) {
+      if(is_null($memo)) throw new Exception('Invalid object');
+      else return self::_wrap($memo);
+    }
+    
+    krsort($collection);
+    
+    $__ = new self;
+    return self::_wrap($__->reduce($collection, $iterator, $memo));
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Extract an array of values for a given property
+  public function pluck($collection=null, $key=null) {
+    list($collection, $key) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 2);
+    
+    $collection = (array) self::_collection($collection);
+        
+    $return = array();
+    foreach($collection as $item) {
+      foreach($item as $k=>$v) {
+        if($k === $key) $return[] = $v;
+      }
+    }
+    return self::_wrap($return);
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Does the collection contain this value?
+  // includ alias: contains
+  public function contains($collection=null, $val=null) { return self::includ($collection, $val); }
+  public function includ($collection=null, $val=null) {
+    list($collection, $val) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 2);
+    
+    $collection = (array) self::_collection($collection);
+    
+    return self::_wrap((array_search($val, $collection, true) !== false));
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Invoke the named function over each item in the collection, optionally passing arguments to the function
+  public function invoke($collection=null, $function_name=null, $arguments=null) {
+    $args = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 2);
+    $__ = new self;
+    list($collection, $function_name) = $__->first($args, 2);
+    $arguments = $__->rest(func_get_args(), 2);
+    
+    // If passed an array or string, return an array
+    // If passed an object, return an object
+    $is_obj = is_object($collection);
+    $result = (empty($arguments)) ? array_map($function_name, (array) $collection) : array_map($function_name, (array) $collection, $arguments);
+    if($is_obj) $result = (object) $result;
+    
+    return self::_wrap($result);
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Does any values in the collection meet the iterator's truth test?
+  // any alias: some
+  public function some($collection=null, $iterator=null) { return self::any($collection, $iterator); }
+  public function any($collection=null, $iterator=null) {
+    list($collection, $iterator) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 2);
+    
+    $collection = self::_collection($collection);
+    
+    $__ = new self;
+    if(!is_null($iterator)) $collection = $__->map($collection, $iterator);
+    if(count($collection) === 0) return self::_wrap(false);
+    
+    return self::_wrap(is_int(array_search(true, $collection, false)));
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Do all values in the collection meet the iterator's truth test?
+  // all alias: every
+  public function every($collection=null, $iterator=null) { return self::all($collection, $iterator); }
+  public function all($collection=null, $iterator=null) {
+    list($collection, $iterator) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 2);
+    
+    $collection = self::_collection($collection);
+    
+    $__ = new self;
+    if(!is_null($iterator)) $collection = $__->map($collection, $iterator);
+    $collection = (array) $collection;
+    if(count($collection) === 0) return true;
+    
+    return self::_wrap(is_bool(array_search(false, $collection, false)));
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Return an array of values that pass the truth iterator test
+  // filter alias: select
+  public function select($collection=null, $iterator=null) { return self::filter($collection, $iterator); }
+  public function filter($collection=null, $iterator=null) {
+    list($collection, $iterator) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 2);
+    
+    $collection = self::_collection($collection);
+    
+    $return = array();
+    foreach($collection as $val) {
+      if(call_user_func($iterator, $val)) $return[] = $val;
+    }
+    return self::_wrap($return);
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Return an array where the items failing the truth test are removed
+  public function reject($collection=null, $iterator=null) {
+    list($collection, $iterator) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 2);
+    
+    $collection = self::_collection($collection);
+    
+    $return = array();
+    foreach($collection as $val) {
+      if(!call_user_func($iterator, $val)) $return[] = $val;
+    }
+    return self::_wrap($return);
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Return the value of the first item passing the truth iterator test
+  // find alias: detect
+  public function detect($collection=null, $iterator=null) { return self::find($collection, $iterator); }
+  public function find($collection=null, $iterator=null) {
+    list($collection, $iterator) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 2);
+    
+    $collection = self::_collection($collection);
+    
+    foreach($collection as $val) {
+      if(call_user_func($iterator, $val)) return $val;
+    }
+    return self::_wrap(false);
+  }
+  
+  
+  // How many items are in this collection?
+  public function size($collection=null) {
+    list($collection) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 1);
+    
+    $collection = self::_collection($collection);
+    
+    return self::_wrap(count((array) $collection));
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Get the first element of an array. Passing n returns the first n elements.
+  // first alias: head
+  public function head($collection=null, $n=null) { return self::first($collection, $n); }
+  public function first($collection=null, $n=null) {
+    list($collection, $n) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 2);
+    
+    $collection = self::_collection($collection);
+    
+    if($n === 0) return self::_wrap(array());
+    if(is_null($n)) return self::_wrap(current(array_splice($collection, 0, 1, true)));
+    return self::_wrap(array_splice($collection, 0, $n, true));
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Get the rest of the array elements. Passing n returns from that index onward.
+  public function tail($collection=null, $index=null) { return self::rest($collection, $index); }
+  public function rest($collection=null, $index=null) {
+    list($collection, $index) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 2);
+    if(is_null($index)) $index = 1;
+    
+    $collection = self::_collection($collection);
+    
+    return self::_wrap(array_splice($collection, $index));
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Return everything but the last array element. Passing n excludes the last n elements.
+  public function initial($collection=null, $n=null) {
+    list($collection, $n) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 2);
+    
+    $collection = (array) self::_collection($collection);
+    
+    if(is_null($n)) $n = 1;
+    $first_index = count($collection) - $n;
+    $__ = new self;
+    return self::_wrap($__->first($collection, $first_index));
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Get the last element from an array. Passing n returns the last n elements.
+  public function last($collection=null, $n=null) {
+    list($collection, $n) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 2);
+    $collection = self::_collection($collection);
+    
+    if($n === 0) $result = array();
+    elseif($n === 1 || is_null($n)) $result = array_pop($collection);
+    else {
+      $__ = new self;
+      $result = $__->rest($collection, -$n);
+    }
+    
+    return self::_wrap($result);
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Return a copy of the array with falsy values removed
+  public function compact($collection=null) {
+    list($collection) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 1);
+    
+    $collection = self::_collection($collection);
+    
+    $__ = new self;
+    return self::_wrap($__->select($collection, function($val) {
+      return (bool) $val;
+    }));
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Flattens a multidimensional array
+  public function flatten($collection=null, $shallow=null) {
+    list($collection, $shallow) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 2);
+    
+    $collection = self::_collection($collection);
+    
+    $return = array();
+    if(count($collection) > 0) {
+      foreach($collection as $item) {
+        if(is_array($item)) {
+          $__ = new self;
+          $return = array_merge($return, ($shallow) ? $item : $__->flatten($item));
+        }
+        else $return[] = $item;
+      }
+    }
+    return self::_wrap($return);
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Returns a copy of the array with all instances of val removed
+  public function without($collection=null, $val=null) {
+    $args = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 1);
+    $collection = $args[0];
+    $collection = self::_collection($collection);
+    
+    $num_args = count($args);
+    if($num_args === 1) return self::_wrap($collection);
+    if(count($collection) === 0) return self::_wrap($collection);
+    
+    $__ = new self;
+    $removes = $__->rest($args);
+    foreach($removes as $remove) {
+      $remove_keys = array_keys($collection, $remove, true);
+      if(count($remove_keys) > 0) {
+        foreach($remove_keys as $key) {
+          unset($collection[$key]);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return self::_wrap($collection);
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Return an array of the unique values
+  // uniq alias: unique
+  public function unique($collection=null, $is_sorted=null, $iterator=null) { return self::uniq($collection, $is_sorted, $iterator); }
+  public function uniq($collection=null, $is_sorted=null, $iterator=null) {
+    list($collection, $is_sorted, $iterator) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 3);
+    
+    $collection = self::_collection($collection);
+    
+    $return = array();
+    if(count($collection) === 0) return self::_wrap($return);
+    
+    $calculated = array();
+    foreach($collection as $item) {
+      $val = (!is_null($iterator)) ? $iterator($item) : $item;
+      if(is_bool(array_search($val, $calculated, true))) {
+        $calculated[] = $val;
+        $return[] = $item;
+      }
+    }
+    
+    return self::_wrap($return);
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Returns an array containing the intersection of all the arrays
+  public function intersection($array=null) {
+    $arrays = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 1);
+    
+    if(count($arrays) === 1) return self::_wrap($array);
+    
+    $__ = new self;
+    $return = $__->first($arrays);
+    foreach($__->rest($arrays) as $next) {
+      if(!$__->isArray($next)) $next = str_split((string) $next);
+      
+      $return = array_intersect($return, $next);
+    }
+    
+    return self::_wrap(array_values($return));
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Merge together multiple arrays
+  public function union($array=null) {
+    $arrays = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 1);
+    
+    if(count($arrays) === 1) return self::_wrap($array);
+    
+    $__ = new self;
+    return self::_wrap($__->flatten(array_values(array_unique(call_user_func_array('array_merge', $arrays)))));
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Get the difference between two arrays
+  public function difference($array_one=null, $array_two=null) {
+    $arrays = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 1);
+    
+    return self::_wrap(array_values(call_user_func_array('array_diff', $arrays)));
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Get the index of the first match
+  public function indexOf($collection=null, $item=null) {
+    list($collection, $item) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 2);
+    
+    $collection = self::_collection($collection);
+    
+    $key = array_search($item, $collection, true);
+    return self::_wrap((is_bool($key)) ? -1 : $key);
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Get the index of the last match
+  public function lastIndexOf($collection=null, $item=null) {
+    list($collection, $item) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 2);
+    
+    $collection = self::_collection($collection);
+    
+    krsort($collection);
+    $__ = new self;
+    return self::_wrap($__->indexOf($collection, $item));
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Returns an array of integers from start to stop (exclusive) by step
+  public function range($stop=null) {
+    $args = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 1);
+    
+    $__ = new self;
+    $args = $__->reject($args, function($val) {
+      return is_null($val);
+    });
+    
+    $num_args = count($args);
+    switch($num_args) {
+      case 1: 
+        list($start, $stop, $step) = array(0, $args[0], 1);
+        break;
+      case 2:
+        list($start, $stop, $step) = array($args[0], $args[1], 1);
+        if($stop < $start) return self::_wrap(array());
+        break;
+      default:
+        list($start, $stop, $step) = array($args[0], $args[1], $args[2]);
+        if($step > 0 && $step > $stop) return self::_wrap(array($start));
+    }
+    $results = range($start, $stop, $step);
+    
+    // Switch inclusive to exclusive
+    if($step > 0 && $__->last($results) >= $stop) array_pop($results);
+    elseif($step < 0 && $__->last($results) <= $stop) array_pop($results);
+    
+    return self::_wrap($results);
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Merges arrays
+  public function zip($array=null) {
+    $arrays = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args());
+    $num_arrays = count($arrays);
+    if($num_arrays === 1) return self::_wrap($array);
+    
+    $__ = new self;
+    $num_return_arrays = $__->max($__->map($arrays, function($array) {
+      return count($array);
+    }));
+    $return_arrays = $__->range($num_return_arrays);
+    foreach($return_arrays as $k=>$v) {
+      if(!is_array($return_arrays[$k])) $return_arrays[$k] = array();
+      
+      foreach($arrays as $a=>$array) {
+        $return_arrays[$k][$a] = array_key_exists($k, $array) ? $array[$k] : null;
+      }
+    }
+    
+    return self::_wrap($return_arrays);
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Get the max value in the collection
+  public function max($collection=null, $iterator=null) {
+    list($collection, $iterator) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 2);
+    
+    if(is_null($iterator)) return self::_wrap(max($collection));
+    
+    $results = array();
+    foreach($collection as $k=>$item) {
+      $results[$k] = $iterator($item);
+    }
+    arsort($results);
+    $__ = new self;
+    $first_key = $__->first(array_keys($results));
+    return $collection[$first_key];
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Get the min value in the collection
+  public function min($collection=null, $iterator=null) {
+    list($collection, $iterator) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 2);
+    
+    if(is_null($iterator)) return self::_wrap(min($collection));
+    
+    $results = array();
+    foreach($collection as $k=>$item) {
+      $results[$k] = $iterator($item);
+    }
+    asort($results);
+    $__ = new self;
+    $first_key = $__->first(array_keys($results));
+    return self::_wrap($collection[$first_key]);
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Sort the collection by return values from the iterator
+  public function sortBy($collection=null, $iterator=null) {
+    list($collection, $iterator) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 2);
+    
+    $results = array();
+    foreach($collection as $k=>$item) {
+      $results[$k] = $iterator($item);
+    }
+    asort($results);
+    foreach($results as $k=>$v) {
+      $results[$k] = $collection[$k];
+    }
+    return self::_wrap(array_values($results));
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Group the collection by return values from the iterator
+  public function groupBy($collection=null, $iterator=null) {
+    list($collection, $iterator) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 2);
+    
+    $result = array();
+    $collection = (array) $collection;
+    foreach($collection as $k=>$v) {
+      $key = (is_callable($iterator)) ? $iterator($v, $k) : $v[$iterator];
+      if(!array_key_exists($key, $result)) $result[$key] = array();
+      $result[$key][] = $v;
+    }
+    return $result;
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Returns the index at which the value should be inserted into the sorted collection
+  public function sortedIndex($collection=null, $value=null, $iterator=null) {
+    list($collection, $value, $iterator) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 3);
+    
+    $collection = (array) self::_collection($collection);
+    $__ = new self;
+    
+    $calculated_value = (!is_null($iterator)) ? $iterator($value) : $value;
+    
+    while(count($collection) > 1) {
+      $midpoint = floor(count($collection) / 2);
+      $midpoint_values = array_slice($collection, $midpoint, 1);
+      $midpoint_value = $midpoint_values[0];
+      $midpoint_calculated_value = (!is_null($iterator)) ? $iterator($midpoint_value) : $midpoint_value;
+      
+      $collection = ($calculated_value < $midpoint_calculated_value) ? array_slice($collection, 0, $midpoint, true) : array_slice($collection, $midpoint, null, true);
+    }
+    $keys = array_keys($collection);
+    
+    return self::_wrap(current($keys) + 1);
+  }
+  
+  // Shuffle the array
+  public function shuffle($collection=null) {
+    list($collection) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 1);
+    
+    $collection = (array) self::_collection($collection);
+    shuffle($collection);
+     
+    return self::_wrap($collection);
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Return the collection as an array
+  public function toArray($collection=null) {
+    return (array) $collection;
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Get the collection's keys
+  public function keys($collection=null) {
+    list($collection) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 1);
+    
+    if(!is_object($collection) && !is_array($collection)) throw new Exception('Invalid object');
+    
+    return self::_wrap(array_keys((array) $collection));
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Get the collection's values
+  public function values($collection=null) {
+    list($collection) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 1);
+    
+    return self::_wrap(array_values((array) $collection));
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Copy all properties from the source objects into the destination object 
+  public function extend($object=null) {
+    $args = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 1);
+    
+    $num_args = func_num_args();
+    if($num_args === 1) return $object;
+    
+    $is_object = is_object($object);
+    $array = (array) $object;
+    $__ = new self;
+    $extensions = $__->rest(func_get_args());
+    foreach($extensions as $extension) {
+      $extension = (array) $extension;
+      $array = array_merge($array, $extension);
+    }
+    return self::_wrap(($is_object) ? (object) $array : $array);
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Returns the object with any missing values filled in using the defaults.
+  public function defaults($object=null) {
+    $args = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 1);
+    list($object) = $args;
+    
+    $num_args = count($args);
+    if($num_args === 1) return $object;
+    
+    $is_object = is_object($object);
+    $array = (array) $object;
+    $__ = new self;
+    $extensions = $__->rest($args);
+    foreach($extensions as $extension) {
+      $extension = (array) $extension;
+      $array = array_merge($extension, $array);
+    }
+    return self::_wrap(($is_object) ? (object) $array : $array);
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Get the names of functions available to the object
+  // functions alias: methods
+  public function methods($object=null) { return self::functions($object); }
+  public function functions($object=null) {
+    list($object) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 1);
+    
+    return self::_wrap(get_class_methods(get_class($object)));
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Returns a shallow copy of the object
+  public function clon(&$object=null) {
+    list($object) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 1);
+    
+    $clone = null;
+    if(is_array($object)) $clone = (array) clone (object) $object;
+    elseif(!is_object($object)) $clone = $object;
+    elseif(!$clone) $clone = clone $object;
+    
+    // shallow copy object
+    if(is_object($clone) && count($clone) > 0) {
+      foreach($clone as $k=>$v) {
+        if(is_array($v) || is_object($v)) $clone->$k =& $object->$k;
+      }
+    }
+    
+    // shallow copy array
+    elseif(is_array($clone) && count($clone) > 0) {
+      foreach($clone as $k=>$v) {
+        if(is_array($v) || is_object($v)) $clone[$k] =& $object[$k];
+      }
+    }
+    return self::_wrap($clone);
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Invokes the interceptor on the object, then returns the object
+  public function tap($object=null, $interceptor=null) {
+    list($object, $interceptor) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 2);
+    
+    $interceptor($object);
+    return self::_wrap($object);
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Does the given key exist?
+  public function has($collection=null, $key=null) {
+    list($collection, $key) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 2);
+    
+    $collection = (array) self::_collection($collection);
+    
+    return self::_wrap(array_key_exists($key, $collection));
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Are these items equal?
+  public function isEqual($a=null, $b=null) {
+    list($a, $b) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 2);
+    
+    if(isset($this) && isset($this->_chained) && $this->_chained) $a =& $this;
+    
+    if($a === $b) return self::_wrap(true);
+    if(gettype($a) !== gettype($b)) return self::_wrap(false);
+    if(is_callable($a) !== is_callable($b)) return self::_wrap(false);
+    
+    if($a == $b) return self::_wrap(true);
+    
+    // Objects and arrays compared by values
+    if(is_object($a) || is_array($a)) {
+      
+      // Do either implement isEqual()?
+      if(is_object($a) && isset($a->isEqual)) return self::_wrap($a->isEqual($b));
+      if(is_object($b) && isset($b->isEqual)) return self::_wrap($b->isEqual($a));
+      if(is_array($a) && array_key_exists('isEqual', $a)) return self::_wrap($a['isEqual']($b));
+      if(is_array($b) && array_key_exists('isEqual', $b)) return self::_wrap($b['isEqual']($a));
+      
+      if(count($a) !== count($b)) return self::_wrap(false);
+      
+      $__ = new self;
+      $keys_equal = $__->isEqual($__->keys($a), $__->keys($b));
+      $values_equal = $__->isEqual($__->values($a), $__->values($b));
+      return self::_wrap($keys_equal && $values_equal);
+    }
+    
+    return self::_wrap(false);
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Is this item empty?
+  public function isEmpty($item=null) {
+    list($item) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 1);
+    
+    return self::_wrap(is_array($item) || is_object($item)) ? !((bool) count((array) $item)) : (!(bool) $item);
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Is this item an object?
+  public function isObject($item=null) {
+    list($item) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 1);
+    return self::_wrap(is_object($item));
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Is this item an array?
+  public function isArray($item=null) {
+    list($item) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 1);
+    return self::_wrap(is_array($item));
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Is this item a string?
+  public function isString($item=null) {
+    list($item) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 1);
+    return self::_wrap(is_string($item));
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Is this item a number?
+  public function isNumber($item=null) {
+    list($item) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 1);
+    return self::_wrap((is_int($item) || is_float($item)) && !is_nan($item) && !is_infinite($item));
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Is this item a bool?
+  public function isBoolean($item=null) {
+    list($item) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 1);
+    return self::_wrap(is_bool($item));
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Is this item a function (by type, not by name)?
+  public function isFunction($item=null) {
+    list($item) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 1);
+    return self::_wrap(is_object($item) && is_callable($item));
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Is this item an instance of DateTime?
+  public function isDate($item=null) {
+    list($item) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 1);
+    return self::_wrap(is_object($item) && get_class($item) === 'DateTime');
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Is this item a NaN value?
+  public function isNaN($item=null) {
+    list($item) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 1);
+    return self::_wrap(is_nan($item));
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Returns the same value passed as the argument
+  public function identity() {
+    $args = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 1);
+    
+    if(is_array($args)) return self::_wrap($args[0]);
+    
+    return self::_wrap(function($x) {
+      return $x;
+    });
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Generate a globally unique id, optionally prefixed
+  public $_uniqueId = -1;
+  public function uniqueId($prefix=null) {
+    list($prefix) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 1);
+    
+    $_instance = self::getInstance();
+    $_instance->_uniqueId++;
+    
+    return (is_null($prefix)) ? self::_wrap($_instance->_uniqueId) : self::_wrap($prefix . $_instance->_uniqueId);
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Invokes the iterator n times
+  public function times($n=null, $iterator=null) {
+    list($n, $iterator) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 2);
+    if(is_null($n)) $n = 0;
+    
+    for($i=0; $i<$n; $i++) $iterator($i);
+    return self::_wrap(null);
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Extend the class with your own functions
+  private $_mixins = array();
+  public function mixin($functions=null) {
+    list($functions) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 1);
+    
+    $mixins =& self::getInstance()->_mixins;
+    foreach($functions as $name=>$function) {
+      $mixins[$name] = $function;
+    }
+    return self::_wrap(null);
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Allows extending methods in static context
+  public static function __callStatic($name, $arguments) {
+    $mixins =& self::getInstance()->_mixins;
+    return call_user_func_array($mixins[$name], $arguments);
+  }
+  
+  // Allows extending methods in non-static context
+  public function __call($name, $arguments) {
+    $mixins =& self::getInstance()->_mixins;
+    $arguments = self::_wrapArgs($arguments);
+    return call_user_func_array($mixins[$name], $arguments);
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Temporary PHP open and close tags used within templates
+  // Allows for normal processing of templates even when
+  // the developer uses PHP open or close tags for interpolation or evaluation
+  const TEMPLATE_OPEN_TAG = '760e7dab2836853c63805033e514668301fa9c47';
+  const TEMPLATE_CLOSE_TAG= 'd228a8fa36bd7db108b01eddfb03a30899987a2b';
+  
+  const TEMPLATE_DEFAULT_EVALUATE   = '/<%([\s\S]+?)%>/';
+  const TEMPLATE_DEFAULT_INTERPOLATE= '/<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/';
+  const TEMPLATE_DEFAULT_ESCAPE     = '/<%-([\s\S]+?)%>/';
+  public $_template_settings = array(
+    'evaluate'    => self::TEMPLATE_DEFAULT_EVALUATE,
+    'interpolate' => self::TEMPLATE_DEFAULT_INTERPOLATE,
+    'escape'      => self::TEMPLATE_DEFAULT_ESCAPE
+  );
+  
+  // Set template settings
+  public function templateSettings($settings=null) {
+    $_template_settings =& self::getInstance()->_template_settings;
+    
+    if(is_null($settings)) {
+      $_template_settings = array(
+        'evaluate'    => self::TEMPLATE_DEFAULT_EVALUATE,
+        'interpolate' => self::TEMPLATE_DEFAULT_INTERPOLATE,
+        'escape'      => self::TEMPLATE_DEFAULT_ESCAPE
+      );
+      return true;
+    }
+    
+    foreach($settings as $k=>$v) {
+      if(!array_key_exists($k, $_template_settings)) continue;
+      
+      $_template_settings[$k] = $v;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Compile templates into functions that can be evaluated for rendering
+  public function template($code=null, $context=null) {
+    list($code, $context) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 2);
+
+    $class_name = __CLASS__;
+    
+    $return = self::_wrap(function($context=null) use ($code, $class_name) {
+      $ts = $class_name::getInstance()->_template_settings;
+      
+      // Wrap escaped, interpolated, and evaluated blocks inside PHP tags
+      extract((array) $context);
+      preg_match_all($ts['escape'], $code, $vars, PREG_SET_ORDER);
+      if(count($vars) > 0) {
+        foreach($vars as $var) {
+          $echo = $class_name::TEMPLATE_OPEN_TAG . ' echo htmlentities(' . trim($var[1]) . '); ' . $class_name::TEMPLATE_CLOSE_TAG;
+          $code = str_replace($var[0], $echo, $code);
+        }
+      }
+      preg_match_all($ts['interpolate'], $code, $vars, PREG_SET_ORDER);
+      if(count($vars) > 0) {
+        foreach($vars as $var) {
+          $echo = $class_name::TEMPLATE_OPEN_TAG . ' echo ' . trim($var[1]) . '; ' . $class_name::TEMPLATE_CLOSE_TAG;
+          $code = str_replace($var[0], $echo, $code);
+        }
+      }
+      preg_match_all($ts['evaluate'], $code, $vars, PREG_SET_ORDER);
+      if(count($vars) > 0) {
+        foreach($vars as $var) {
+          $echo = $class_name::TEMPLATE_OPEN_TAG . trim($var[1]) . $class_name::TEMPLATE_CLOSE_TAG;
+          $code = str_replace($var[0], $echo, $code);
+        }
+      }
+      $code = str_replace($class_name::TEMPLATE_OPEN_TAG, '<?php ', $code);
+      $code = str_replace($class_name::TEMPLATE_CLOSE_TAG, '?>', $code);
+      
+      // Use the output buffer to grab the return value
+      $code = 'ob_start(); extract($context); ?>' . $code . '<?php return ob_get_clean();';
+      
+      $func = create_function('$context', $code);
+      return $func((array) $context);
+    });
+    
+    // Return function or call function depending on context
+    return self::_wrap(((isset($this) && isset($this->_wrapped) && $this->_wrapped) || !is_null($context)) ? $return($context) : $return);
+  }
+  
+  // Escape
+  public function escape($item=null) {
+    list($item) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 1);
+    
+    return self::_wrap(htmlentities($item));
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Memoizes a function by caching the computed result.
+  public $_memoized = array();
+  public function memoize($function=null, $hashFunction=null) {
+    list($function, $hashFunction) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 2);
+    
+    $_instance = (isset($this) && isset($this->_wrapped)) ? $this : self::getInstance();
+    
+    return self::_wrap(function() use ($function, &$_instance, $hashFunction) {
+      
+      // Generate a key based on hashFunction
+      $args = func_get_args();
+      if(is_null($hashFunction)) $hashFunction = function($function, $args) {
+        
+        // Try using var_export to identify the function
+        return md5(join('_', array(
+          var_export($function, true),
+          var_export($args, true)
+        )));
+      };
+      $key = $hashFunction($function, $args);
+      
+      if(!array_key_exists($key, $_instance->_memoized)) {
+        $_instance->_memoized[$key] = call_user_func_array($function, $args);
+      }
+      return $_instance->_memoized[$key];
+    });
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Throttles a function so that it can only be called once every wait milliseconds
+  public $_throttled = array();
+  public function throttle($function=null, $wait=null) {
+    list($function, $wait) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 2);
+    
+    $_instance = (isset($this) && isset($this->_wrapped)) ? $this : self::getInstance();
+    
+    return self::_wrap(function() use ($function, $wait, &$_instance) {
+      
+      // Try using var_export to identify the function
+      $key = md5(join('', array(
+        var_export($function, true),
+        $wait
+      )));
+      
+      $microtime = microtime(true);
+      $ready_to_call = (!array_key_exists($key, $_instance->_throttled) || $microtime >= $_instance->_throttled[$key]);
+      if($ready_to_call) {
+        $next_callable_time = $microtime + ($wait / 1000);
+        $_instance->_throttled[$key] = $next_callable_time;
+        return call_user_func_array($function, func_get_args());
+      }
+    });
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Creates a version of the function that can only be called once
+  public $_onced = array();
+  public function once($function=null) {
+    list($function) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 1);
+    
+    $_instance = (isset($this) && isset($this->_wrapped)) ? $this : self::getInstance();
+    
+    return self::_wrap(function() use ($function, &$_instance) {
+      
+      // Try using var_export to identify the function
+      $key = md5(var_export($function, true));
+      if(!array_key_exists($key, $_instance->_onced)) {
+        $_instance->_onced[$key] = call_user_func_array($function, func_get_args());
+      }
+      
+      return $_instance->_onced[$key];
+    });
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Wraps the function inside the wrapper function, passing it as the first argument
+  public function wrap($function=null, $wrapper=null) {
+    list($function, $wrapper) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 2);
+    
+    return self::_wrap(function() use ($wrapper, $function) {
+      $args = array_merge(array($function), func_get_args());
+      return call_user_func_array($wrapper, $args);
+    });
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Returns the composition of the functions
+  public function compose() {
+    $functions = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 1);
+    
+    return self::_wrap(function() use ($functions) {
+      $args = func_get_args();
+      foreach($functions as $function) {
+        $args[0] = call_user_func_array($function, $args);
+      }
+      return $args[0];
+    });
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Creates a version of the function that will only run after being called count times
+  public $_aftered = array();
+  public function after($count=null, $function=null) {
+    list($count, $function) = self::_wrapArgs(func_get_args(), 2);
+    
+    $_instance = (isset($this) && isset($this->_wrapped)) ? $this : self::getInstance();
+    $key = md5(mt_rand());
+    
+    $func = function() use ($function, &$_instance, $count, $key) {
+      if(!array_key_exists($key, $_instance->_aftered)) $_instance->_aftered[$key] = 0;
+      $_instance->_aftered[$key] += 1;
+      
+      if($_instance->_aftered[$key] >= $count) return call_user_func_array($function, func_get_args());
+    };
+    return self::_wrap(($count) ? $func : $func());
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Singleton
+  private static $_instance;
+  public function getInstance() {
+    if(!isset(self::$_instance)) {
+      $c = __CLASS__;
+      self::$_instance = new $c;
+    }
+    return self::$_instance;
+  }
+  
+  
+  // All methods should wrap their returns within _wrap
+  // because this function understands both OO-style and functional calls
+  public $_wrapped; // Value passed from one chained method to the next
+  private function _wrap($val) {
+    if(isset($this) && isset($this->_chained) && $this->_chained) {
+      $this->_wrapped = $val;
+      return $this;
+    }
+    return $val;
+  }
+  
+  
+  // All methods should get their arguments from _wrapArgs
+  // because this function understands both OO-style and functional calls
+  private function _wrapArgs($caller_args, $num_args=null) {
+    $num_args = (is_null($num_args)) ? count($caller_args) - 1 : $num_args;
+    
+    $filled_args = array();
+    if(isset($this) && isset($this->_wrapped)) {
+      $filled_args[] =& $this->_wrapped;
+    }
+    if(count($caller_args) > 0) {
+      foreach($caller_args as $k=>$v) {
+        $filled_args[] = $v;
+      }
+    }
+    
+    return array_pad($filled_args, $num_args, null);
+  }
+  
+  
+  // Get a collection in a way that supports strings
+  private function _collection($collection) {
+    return (!is_array($collection) && !is_object($collection)) ? str_split((string) $collection) : $collection;
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file