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docs/pt/assets/js/runtime~main.6a75fd1e.js create mode 100644 docs/pt/blog/2023/09/29/2023w38a-beta/index.html create mode 100644 docusaurus/blog/2023-09-29-2023w38a-beta.md diff --git a/Project/PowerFlow.cpp b/Project/PowerFlow.cpp index 61ed35d5..296bfd68 100644 --- a/Project/PowerFlow.cpp +++ b/Project/PowerFlow.cpp @@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ std::vector > PowerFlow::CalculateJacobianMatrix(std::vector #else double gij = m_yBus[i][j].real(); double bij = m_yBus[i][j].imag(); - j11[busNumI][busNumJ] = vi * vj * (gij * std::sin(tij) - bij * std::cos(tij)); + j11[busNumI][busNumJ] = vi * vj * (gij * std::sin(ti - tj) - bij * std::cos(ti - tj)); #endif } else { // busNumI == busNumJ std::complex sj = std::complex(0.0, 0.0); @@ -701,7 +701,7 @@ std::vector > PowerFlow::CalculateJacobianMatrix(std::vector #else double gij = m_yBus[i][j].real(); double bij = m_yBus[i][j].imag(); - j12[busNumI][busNumJ] = vi * (gij * std::cos(tij) - bij * std::sin(tij)); + j12[busNumI][busNumJ] = vi * (gij * std::cos(ti - tj) - bij * std::sin(ti - tj)); #endif } else { // busNumI == busNumJ std::complex sj = std::complex(0.0, 0.0); @@ -746,7 +746,7 @@ std::vector > PowerFlow::CalculateJacobianMatrix(std::vector #else double gij = m_yBus[i][j].real(); double bij = m_yBus[i][j].imag(); - j21[busNumI][busNumJ] = -vi * vj * (gij * std::cos(tij) + bij * std::sin(tij)); + j21[busNumI][busNumJ] = -vi * vj * (gij * std::cos(ti - tj) + bij * std::sin(ti - tj)); #endif } else { // busNumI == busNumJ std::complex sj = std::complex(0.0, 0.0); @@ -790,7 +790,7 @@ std::vector > PowerFlow::CalculateJacobianMatrix(std::vector #else double gij = m_yBus[i][j].real(); double bij = m_yBus[i][j].imag(); - j22[busNumI][busNumJ] = vi * (gij * std::sin(tij) - bij * std::cos(tij)); + j22[busNumI][busNumJ] = vi * (gij * std::sin(ti - tj) - bij * std::cos(ti - tj)); #endif } else { // busNumI == busNumJ std::complex sj = std::complex(0.0, 0.0); diff --git a/Project/PowerFlow.h b/Project/PowerFlow.h index 8fb2474d..ceae0ba6 100644 --- a/Project/PowerFlow.h +++ b/Project/PowerFlow.h @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ #ifndef POWERFLOW_H #define POWERFLOW_H -#define STD_NR +//#define STD_NR #include "ElectricCalculation.h" diff --git a/docs/404.html b/docs/404.html index 66c50a15..7a6052d3 100644 --- a/docs/404.html +++ b/docs/404.html @@ -1,19 +1,21 @@ - + - - - + +Page Not Found | PSP-UFU -Page Not Found | PSP-UFU - - + + + + + + -
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Na pr\xe1tica, as vari\xe1veis podem ser reduzidas a tr\xeas, uma vez que o m\xf3dulo da tens\xe3o (V) \xe9 obtido nos resultados do ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow"},"fluxo de pot\xeancia"),". Para resolver as equa\xe7\xf5es \xe9 necess\xe1rio definir uma vari\xe1vel adicional. A vari\xe1vel escolhida como fixa no PSP-UFU \xe9 a pot\xeancia ativa (P), por fornecer resultados numericamente corretos e adequados para motores em situa\xe7\xf5es de estabilidade."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Portanto, nesse modelo est\xe1tico, a pot\xeancia ativa \xe9 mantida constante durante o c\xe1lculo do fluxo de carga e o escorregamento (s) \xe9 atualizado em cada itera\xe7\xe3o. 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Esses valores s\xe3o mantidos constantes durante toda a solu\xe7\xe3o;"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Em cada itera\xe7\xe3o s\xe3o calculados os coeficientes ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"li",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"A")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"A")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.6833em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"A"))))),", ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"li",className:"math 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math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"Q")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"Q")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.8778em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"Q"))))),") \xe9 obtida. O vetor de pot\xeancias \xe9 ent\xe3o atualizado e os procedimentos convencionais de solu\xe7\xe3o do fluxo de pot\xeancia s\xe3o realizados.")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Os passos de 2 a 4 s\xe3o repetidos at\xe9 que se obtenha a converg\xeancia."),(0,n.kt)("admonition",{title:"Aten\xe7\xe3o!",type:"caution"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"No PSP-UFU, os motores de indu\xe7\xe3o n\xe3o s\xe3o considerados no c\xe1lculo de curto-circuito.")),(0,n.kt)("h3",{id:"motor-de-indu\xe7\xe3o-trif\xe1sico-no-estudo-de-estabilidade"},"Motor de indu\xe7\xe3o trif\xe1sico no estudo de estabilidade"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Uma importante carga din\xe2mica s\xe3o os motores de indu\xe7\xe3o, uma vez que correspondem a uma parcela significativa das cargas presentes no sistema el\xe9trico. O ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"indMotor#motor-de-indu%C3%A7%C3%A3o-trif%C3%A1sico-no-c%C3%A1lculo-do-fluxo-de-carga"},"modelo da m\xe1quina de indu\xe7\xe3o apresentado anteriormente"),", a qual pode ser utilizada tanto como motor quanto como gerador, \xe9 bem estabelecida na literatura."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Como descrito na ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"indMotor#motor-de-indu%C3%A7%C3%A3o-trif%C3%A1sico-no-c%C3%A1lculo-do-fluxo-de-carga"},"se\xe7\xe3o anterior"),", a inicializa\xe7\xe3o dessa m\xe1quina \xe9 realizada em conjunto com o fluxo de pot\xeancia, visto que a pot\xeancia reativa exigida pela m\xe1quina de indu\xe7\xe3o \xe9 dependente dos par\xe2metros do motor, assim como a tens\xe3o do seu barramento. Essa abordagem \xe9 necess\xe1ria, pois m\xe9todos convencionais conduzem a resultados err\xf4neos em sistemas altamente carregados."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"\xc9 necess\xe1rio expressar a equa\xe7\xe3o de movimento da m\xe1quina de indu\xe7\xe3o em termos de torque e n\xe3o pot\xeancia, como \xe9 realizado com as m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas. A simetria do rotor tamb\xe9m faz com que a posi\xe7\xe3o angular n\xe3o seja importante e o escorregamento (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"s")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"s")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.4306em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"s"))))),") \xe9 utilizado no lugar da velocidade (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math 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= frac{\\Omega_0 - \\omega}{\\Omega_0}")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.4306em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"s"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace",style:{marginRight:"0.2778em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mrel"},"="),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace",style:{marginRight:"0.2778em"}})),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.8889em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.10764em"}},"f"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.02778em"}},"r"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord 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de indu\xe7\xe3o de gaiola simples s\xe3o baseadas no circuito equivalente da ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"indMotor#motor-de-indu%C3%A7%C3%A3o-trif%C3%A1sico-no-c%C3%A1lculo-do-fluxo-de-carga"},"figura anterior"),". De forma semelhante ao modelo transit\xf3rio da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona, o motor de indu\xe7\xe3o pode ser modelado pelo circuito equivalente de Thevenin de tens\xe3o transit\xf3ria ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math 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A reat\xe2ncia transit\xf3ria aparente de rotor bloqueado \xe9 dada por:"),(0,n.kt)("div",{className:"math 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indu\xe7\xe3o:"),(0,n.kt)("div",null,(0,n.kt)("center",null,(0,n.kt)("img",{src:(0,p.Z)("images/indMotorForm.png"),alt:"Formul\xe1rio dos motores de indu\xe7\xe3o no PSP-UFU",title:"Formul\xe1rio dos motores de indu\xe7\xe3o no PSP-UFU"}))),(0,n.kt)("p",null,'No formul\xe1rio pode ser observado o bot\xe3o "Chaveamento" na parte inferior esquerda do formul\xe1rio. 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Podem ser inseridos quaisquer n\xfameros de caracteres no padr\xe3o ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode"},"Unicode"),"."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Todos os componentes de pot\xeancia do PSP-UFU possuem esse campo."),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"pot\xeancia-nominal"},"Pot\xeancia nominal"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Pot\xeancia nominal do gerador, inserida em MVA, kVA ou VA."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,'Esse campo \xe9 especialmente importante caso a op\xe7\xe3o "Utilizar a pot\xeancia nominal como base" esteja marcada.'),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"pot\xeancias-ativa-e-reativa"},"Pot\xeancias ativa e reativa"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Pot\xeancias ativa (inserida em W, kW, MW ou ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"."),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},".")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"p.u.")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."))))),") e reativa (inserida em var, kvar, Mvar ou ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"."),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},".")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"p.u.")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."))))),") do motor."),(0,n.kt)("admonition",{title:"Aten\xe7\xe3o!",type:"caution"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Caso a op\xe7\xe3o \u201cCalcular a pot\xeancia reativa no fluxo de carga\u201d esteja ativada, o campo de pot\xeancia reativa \xe9 desativado para edi\xe7\xe3o.")),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"calcular-a-pot\xeancia-reativa-no-fluxo-de-carga"},"Calcular a pot\xeancia reativa no fluxo de carga"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Caso essa op\xe7\xe3o seja marcada, o programa ir\xe1 utilizar os dados fornecidos no formul\xe1rio de estabilidade para calcular a pot\xeancia reativa do motor durante o processo iterativo do fluxo de carga."),(0,n.kt)("admonition",{title:"Cuidado!",type:"warning"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Caso essa op\xe7\xe3o n\xe3o seja utilizada o motor ser\xe1 considerado uma ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"load"},"carga de pot\xeancia constante")," no estudo de ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow"},"fluxo de carga"),"."),(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"A n\xe3o utiliza\xe7\xe3o dessa op\xe7\xe3o poder\xe1 gerar erros de regime permamente no estudo de ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"stability"},"estabilidade"),".")),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"utilizar-pot\xeancia-nominal-como-base"},"Utilizar pot\xeancia nominal como base"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Caso essa op\xe7\xe3o seja marcada, o programa ir\xe1 utilizar a pot\xeancia nominal do gerador como base para a convers\xe3o das unidades, inclusive aqueles no formul\xe1rio de estabilidade, caso contr\xe1rio ser\xe1 usada a pot\xeancia base do sistema.")),(0,n.kt)(N.Z,{value:"stability",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"imprimir-dados-da-m\xe1quina-de-indu\xe7\xe3o"},"Imprimir dados da m\xe1quina de indu\xe7\xe3o"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Exibe os dados do gerador s\xedncrono nos gr\xe1ficos no tempo. Os seguintes dados s\xe3o exibidos:"),(0,n.kt)("ul",null,(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"tens\xe3o terminal"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"pot\xeancias ativa e reativas"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"corrente, torque el\xe9trico"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"torque mec\xe2nico"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"velocidade"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"escorregamento")),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"in\xe9rcia"},"In\xe9rcia"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"In\xe9rcia do conjunto motor-carga, em s."),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"resist\xeancia-e-reat\xe2ncia-do-estator"},"Resist\xeancia e reat\xe2ncia do estator"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Resist\xeancia e reat\xe2ncia do estator do motor de indu\xe7\xe3o, em ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"."),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},".")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"p.u.")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},".")))))),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"resist\xeancia-e-reat\xe2ncia-do-rotor"},"Resist\xeancia e reat\xe2ncia do rotor"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Resist\xeancia e reat\xe2ncia do rotor do motor de indu\xe7\xe3o, em ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"."),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},".")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"p.u.")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},".")))))),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"reat\xe2ncia-de-magnetiza\xe7\xe3o"},"Reat\xe2ncia de magnetiza\xe7\xe3o"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Reat\xe2ncia do ramo de magnetiza\xe7\xe3o do motor de indu\xe7\xe3o, em ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"."),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},".")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"p.u.")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},".")))))),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"utilizar-fator-de-gaiola"},"Utilizar fator de gaiola"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Permite a inser\xe7\xe3o de um fator de gaiola (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("msub",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msub"},"K"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msub"},"g"))),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"K_g")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.9694em",verticalAlign:"-0.2861em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.07153em"}},"K"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"msupsub"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.1514em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.55em",marginLeft:"-0.0715em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight",style:{marginRight:"0.03588em"}},"g")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.2861em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"})))))))))),") no motor de indu\xe7\xe3o. Tal fator eleva o valor da resist\xeancia do rotor em condi\xe7\xf5es de grande escorregamento, como ocorre em motores de gaiola dupla ou gaiola profunda. A resist\xeancia do rotor segue a seguinte equa\xe7\xe3o:"),(0,n.kt)("div",{className:"math math-display"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"div",className:"katex-display"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML",display:"block"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("msub",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msub"},"r"),(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"msub"},"2")),(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow"},"="),(0,n.kt)("msub",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msub"},"r"),(0,n.kt)("msub",{parentName:"msub"},(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"msub"},"2"),(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"msub"},"0"))),(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",fence:"true"},"("),(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"1"),(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow"},"+"),(0,n.kt)("msub",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msub"},"K"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msub"},"g")),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"s"),(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",fence:"true"},")"))),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"r_2 = r_{2_0} \\left( 1+K_g s \\right)")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.5806em",verticalAlign:"-0.15em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.02778em"}},"r"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"msupsub"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3011em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.55em",marginLeft:"-0.0278em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},"2")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"})))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace",style:{marginRight:"0.2778em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mrel"},"="),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace",style:{marginRight:"0.2778em"}})),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"1.0361em",verticalAlign:"-0.2861em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.02778em"}},"r"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"msupsub"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3011em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.55em",marginLeft:"-0.0278em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},"2"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"msupsub"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t 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mtight"},"0")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.143em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"})))))))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.2501em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"})))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace",style:{marginRight:"0.1667em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"minner"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mopen 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Na pr\xe1tica, as vari\xe1veis podem ser reduzidas a tr\xeas, uma vez que o m\xf3dulo da tens\xe3o (V) \xe9 obtido nos resultados do ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow"},"fluxo de pot\xeancia"),". Para resolver as equa\xe7\xf5es \xe9 necess\xe1rio definir uma vari\xe1vel adicional. A vari\xe1vel escolhida como fixa no PSP-UFU \xe9 a pot\xeancia ativa (P), por fornecer resultados numericamente corretos e adequados para motores em situa\xe7\xf5es de estabilidade."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Portanto, nesse modelo est\xe1tico, a pot\xeancia ativa \xe9 mantida constante durante o c\xe1lculo do fluxo de carga e o escorregamento (s) \xe9 atualizado em cada itera\xe7\xe3o. 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math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"Q")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"Q")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.8778em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"Q"))))),") \xe9 obtida. O vetor de pot\xeancias \xe9 ent\xe3o atualizado e os procedimentos convencionais de solu\xe7\xe3o do fluxo de pot\xeancia s\xe3o realizados.")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Os passos de 2 a 4 s\xe3o repetidos at\xe9 que se obtenha a converg\xeancia."),(0,n.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"},(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,n.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,n.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"16",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 16 16"},(0,n.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"}))),"Aten\xe7\xe3o!")),(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"No PSP-UFU, os motores de indu\xe7\xe3o n\xe3o s\xe3o considerados no c\xe1lculo de curto-circuito."))),(0,n.kt)("h3",{id:"motor-de-indu\xe7\xe3o-trif\xe1sico-no-estudo-de-estabilidade"},"Motor de indu\xe7\xe3o trif\xe1sico no estudo de estabilidade"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Uma importante carga din\xe2mica s\xe3o os motores de indu\xe7\xe3o, uma vez que correspondem a uma parcela significativa das cargas presentes no sistema el\xe9trico. O ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"indMotor#motor-de-indu%C3%A7%C3%A3o-trif%C3%A1sico-no-c%C3%A1lculo-do-fluxo-de-carga"},"modelo da m\xe1quina de indu\xe7\xe3o apresentado anteriormente"),", a qual pode ser utilizada tanto como motor quanto como gerador, \xe9 bem estabelecida na literatura."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Como descrito na ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"indMotor#motor-de-indu%C3%A7%C3%A3o-trif%C3%A1sico-no-c%C3%A1lculo-do-fluxo-de-carga"},"se\xe7\xe3o anterior"),", a inicializa\xe7\xe3o dessa m\xe1quina \xe9 realizada em conjunto com o fluxo de pot\xeancia, visto que a pot\xeancia reativa exigida pela m\xe1quina de indu\xe7\xe3o \xe9 dependente dos par\xe2metros do motor, assim como a tens\xe3o do seu barramento. Essa abordagem \xe9 necess\xe1ria, pois m\xe9todos convencionais conduzem a resultados err\xf4neos em sistemas altamente carregados."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"\xc9 necess\xe1rio expressar a equa\xe7\xe3o de movimento da m\xe1quina de indu\xe7\xe3o em termos de torque e n\xe3o pot\xeancia, como \xe9 realizado com as m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas. A simetria do rotor tamb\xe9m faz com que a posi\xe7\xe3o angular n\xe3o seja importante e o escorregamento (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"s")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"s")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.4306em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"s"))))),") \xe9 utilizado no lugar da velocidade (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math 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= frac{\\Omega_0 - \\omega}{\\Omega_0}")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.4306em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"s"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace",style:{marginRight:"0.2778em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mrel"},"="),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace",style:{marginRight:"0.2778em"}})),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.8889em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.10764em"}},"f"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.02778em"}},"r"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord 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de indu\xe7\xe3o de gaiola simples s\xe3o baseadas no circuito equivalente da ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"indMotor#motor-de-indu%C3%A7%C3%A3o-trif%C3%A1sico-no-c%C3%A1lculo-do-fluxo-de-carga"},"figura anterior"),". De forma semelhante ao modelo transit\xf3rio da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona, o motor de indu\xe7\xe3o pode ser modelado pelo circuito equivalente de Thevenin de tens\xe3o transit\xf3ria ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math 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A reat\xe2ncia transit\xf3ria aparente de rotor bloqueado \xe9 dada por:"),(0,n.kt)("div",{className:"math 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mathnormal"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."))))),") do motor."),(0,n.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"},(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,n.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,n.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"16",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 16 16"},(0,n.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"}))),"Aten\xe7\xe3o!")),(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Caso a op\xe7\xe3o \u201cCalcular a pot\xeancia reativa no fluxo de carga\u201d esteja ativada, o campo de pot\xeancia reativa \xe9 desativado para edi\xe7\xe3o."))),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"calcular-a-pot\xeancia-reativa-no-fluxo-de-carga"},"Calcular a pot\xeancia reativa no fluxo de carga"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Caso essa op\xe7\xe3o seja marcada, o programa ir\xe1 utilizar os dados fornecidos no formul\xe1rio de estabilidade para calcular a pot\xeancia reativa do motor durante o processo iterativo do fluxo de carga."),(0,n.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-warning alert alert--danger"},(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,n.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,n.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"12",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 12 16"},(0,n.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M5.05.31c.81 2.17.41 3.38-.52 4.31C3.55 5.67 1.98 6.45.9 7.98c-1.45 2.05-1.7 6.53 3.53 7.7-2.2-1.16-2.67-4.52-.3-6.61-.61 2.03.53 3.33 1.94 2.86 1.39-.47 2.3.53 2.27 1.67-.02.78-.31 1.44-1.13 1.81 3.42-.59 4.78-3.42 4.78-5.56 0-2.84-2.53-3.22-1.25-5.61-1.52.13-2.03 1.13-1.89 2.75.09 1.08-1.02 1.8-1.86 1.33-.67-.41-.66-1.19-.06-1.78C8.18 5.31 8.68 2.45 5.05.32L5.03.3l.02.01z"}))),"Cuidado!")),(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Caso essa op\xe7\xe3o n\xe3o seja utilizada o motor ser\xe1 considerado uma ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"load"},"carga de pot\xeancia constante")," no estudo de ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow"},"fluxo de carga"),"."),(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"A n\xe3o utiliza\xe7\xe3o dessa op\xe7\xe3o poder\xe1 gerar erros de regime permamente no estudo de ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"stability"},"estabilidade"),"."))),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"utilizar-pot\xeancia-nominal-como-base"},"Utilizar pot\xeancia nominal como base"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Caso essa op\xe7\xe3o seja marcada, o programa ir\xe1 utilizar a pot\xeancia nominal do gerador como base para a convers\xe3o das unidades, inclusive aqueles no formul\xe1rio de estabilidade, caso contr\xe1rio ser\xe1 usada a pot\xeancia base do sistema.")),(0,n.kt)(N.Z,{value:"stability",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"imprimir-dados-da-m\xe1quina-de-indu\xe7\xe3o"},"Imprimir dados da m\xe1quina de indu\xe7\xe3o"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Exibe os dados do gerador s\xedncrono nos gr\xe1ficos no tempo. Os seguintes dados s\xe3o exibidos:"),(0,n.kt)("ul",null,(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"tens\xe3o terminal"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"pot\xeancias ativa e reativas"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"corrente, torque el\xe9trico"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"torque mec\xe2nico"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"velocidade"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"escorregamento")),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"in\xe9rcia"},"In\xe9rcia"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"In\xe9rcia do conjunto motor-carga, em s."),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"resist\xeancia-e-reat\xe2ncia-do-estator"},"Resist\xeancia e reat\xe2ncia do estator"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Resist\xeancia e reat\xe2ncia do estator do motor de indu\xe7\xe3o, em ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"."),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},".")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"p.u.")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},".")))))),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"resist\xeancia-e-reat\xe2ncia-do-rotor"},"Resist\xeancia e reat\xe2ncia do rotor"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Resist\xeancia e reat\xe2ncia do rotor do motor de indu\xe7\xe3o, em ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"."),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},".")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"p.u.")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},".")))))),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"reat\xe2ncia-de-magnetiza\xe7\xe3o"},"Reat\xe2ncia de magnetiza\xe7\xe3o"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Reat\xe2ncia do ramo de magnetiza\xe7\xe3o do motor de indu\xe7\xe3o, em ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"."),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},".")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"p.u.")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},".")))))),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"utilizar-fator-de-gaiola"},"Utilizar fator de gaiola"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Permite a inser\xe7\xe3o de um fator de gaiola (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("msub",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msub"},"K"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msub"},"g"))),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"K_g")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.9694em",verticalAlign:"-0.2861em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.07153em"}},"K"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"msupsub"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.1514em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.55em",marginLeft:"-0.0715em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight",style:{marginRight:"0.03588em"}},"g")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.2861em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"})))))))))),") no motor de indu\xe7\xe3o. Tal fator eleva o valor da resist\xeancia do rotor em condi\xe7\xf5es de grande escorregamento, como ocorre em motores de gaiola dupla ou gaiola profunda. A resist\xeancia do rotor segue a seguinte equa\xe7\xe3o:"),(0,n.kt)("div",{className:"math math-display"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"div",className:"katex-display"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML",display:"block"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("msub",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msub"},"r"),(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"msub"},"2")),(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow"},"="),(0,n.kt)("msub",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msub"},"r"),(0,n.kt)("msub",{parentName:"msub"},(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"msub"},"2"),(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"msub"},"0"))),(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",fence:"true"},"("),(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"1"),(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow"},"+"),(0,n.kt)("msub",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msub"},"K"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msub"},"g")),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"s"),(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",fence:"true"},")"))),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"r_2 = r_{2_0} \\left( 1+K_g s \\right)")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.5806em",verticalAlign:"-0.15em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.02778em"}},"r"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"msupsub"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3011em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.55em",marginLeft:"-0.0278em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},"2")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"})))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace",style:{marginRight:"0.2778em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mrel"},"="),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace",style:{marginRight:"0.2778em"}})),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"1.0361em",verticalAlign:"-0.2861em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.02778em"}},"r"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"msupsub"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3011em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.55em",marginLeft:"-0.0278em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},"2"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"msupsub"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3173em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.357em",marginLeft:"0em",marginRight:"0.0714em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.5em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},"0")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.143em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"})))))))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.2501em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"})))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace",style:{marginRight:"0.1667em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"minner"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mopen delimcenter",style:{top:"0em"}},"("),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"1"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace",style:{marginRight:"0.2222em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mbin"},"+"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace",style:{marginRight:"0.2222em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.07153em"}},"K"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"msupsub"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.1514em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.55em",marginLeft:"-0.0715em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight",style:{marginRight:"0.03588em"}},"g")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.2861em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"})))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"s"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mclose delimcenter",style:{top:"0em"}},")"))))))),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Em que:"),(0,n.kt)("ul",null,(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"li",className:"math 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",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=411-31-08"},(0,n.kt)("em",{parentName:"a"},"tradu\xe7\xe3o livre")," - IEC 60050"),".")),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"gerador-s\xedncrono-no-psp-ufu"},"Gerador S\xedncrono no PSP-UFU"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Os geradores s\xedncronos s\xe3o a fonte de pot\xeancia para o c\xe1lculo do fluxo de carga e estabilidade, al\xe9m de serem um dos principais contribuintes para as correntes de falta."),(0,n.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"},(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,n.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,n.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"16",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 16 16"},(0,n.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"}))),"Aten\xe7\xe3o!")),(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Somente barramentos que possuem esse elemento conectado podem ser considerados ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow"},"barras de refer\xeancia"),". ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow"},"Barras do tipo PV")," devem conter um gerador s\xedncrono ou um ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"syncMotor"},"motor s\xedncrono (compensador s\xedncrono)"),"."))),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"O formul\xe1rio de dados \xe9 dividido em dois, sendo o primeiro respons\xe1vel pelos dados gerais, de ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow"},"fluxo de carga")," e de ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"fault"},"falta")," e um segundo pelos dados de ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"stability"},"estabilidade")," . Esse \xfaltimo tamb\xe9m permite o acesso aos controles das m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas manipulados pelo editor de controle."),(0,n.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-info alert alert--info"},(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,n.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,n.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"14",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 14 16"},(0,n.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M7 2.3c3.14 0 5.7 2.56 5.7 5.7s-2.56 5.7-5.7 5.7A5.71 5.71 0 0 1 1.3 8c0-3.14 2.56-5.7 5.7-5.7zM7 1C3.14 1 0 4.14 0 8s3.14 7 7 7 7-3.14 7-7-3.14-7-7-7zm1 3H6v5h2V4zm0 6H6v2h2v-2z"}))),"Informa\xe7\xe3o")),(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Os dados referentes \xe0s ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"imped\xe2ncias de sequ\xeancia positiva do gerador s\xedncrono")," inseridas no ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"syncGenerator#falta"},'contexto (aba) "Falta"')," s\xe3o utilizados ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"tanto para os estudos de ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"strong",href:"fault"},"curto-circuito")," quanto para os estudos de ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"strong",href:"harmonics"},"harm\xf4nicos")),"."),(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Esses dados s\xe3o ignorados nos estudos de ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow"},"fluxo de carga")," (",(0,n.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"n\xe3o s\xe3o utilizado nesse estudo"),") e ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"stability"},"estabilidade")," (",(0,n.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"s\xe3o utilizados dados inseridos em formul\xe1rio espec\xedfico"),")."))),(0,n.kt)("h3",{id:"gerador-s\xedncrono-no-fluxo-de-carga"},"Gerador S\xedncrono no fluxo de carga"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"O gerador s\xedncrono \xe9 a fonte de pot\xeancia do PSP-UFU no estudo de fluxo de carga. Seu comportamento difere de acordo com o tipo de barra conectada:"),(0,n.kt)("ul",null,(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"powerFlow"},"Barra de refer\xeancia"),": Os dados de pot\xeancia ativa e reativa inseridos s\xe3o desprezados, uma vez que esse elemento ser\xe1 utilizado para completar o balan\xe7o de pot\xeancia do estudo de fluxo d carga;"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"powerFlow"},"Barra PV"),": O dado de pot\xeancia ativa \xe9 considerado, por\xe9m o dados de pot\xeancia reativa s\xe3o desprezados. O valor da pot\xeancia reativa \xe9 utilizado para manter o m\xf3dulo da tens\xe3o constante no barramento conectado;"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"powerFlow"},"Barra PQ"),": Para os geradores conectados a essa barra tanto a pot\xeancia ativa quanto reativa inseridas s\xe3o consideradas.")),(0,n.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"},(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,n.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,n.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"16",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 16 16"},(0,n.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"}))),"Aten\xe7\xe3o")),(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Caso o limite de pot\xeancia reativa seja excedido, o programa automaticamente transforma a ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow"},"Barra PV")," conectada em uma ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow"},"Barra PQ"),", utilizando o valor limite de pot\xeancia reativa que seria ultrapassado."))),(0,n.kt)("h3",{id:"gerador-s\xedncrono-no-estudo-de-curto-circuito"},"Gerador S\xedncrono no estudo de curto-circuito"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Enquanto os geradores no estudo de fluxo de carga s\xe3o modelados somente por correntes injetadas nas barras, para o curto-circuito utiliza-se uma tens\xe3o atr\xe1s de uma imped\xe2ncia. 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ele. Nesse caso, dependendo da conex\xe3o do transformador pr\xf3ximo ao gerador sem aterramento, a seguinte mensagem de erro pode ser exibida:"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,(0,n.kt)("center",null,'"',(0,n.kt)("i",null,"Falha ao inverter a matriz admit\xe2ncia de sequ\xeancia zero"),'"')),(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Isso ocorre porque a matriz admit\xe2ncia de sequ\xeancia zero \xe9 singular. Para contornar esse problema escolha ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"uma")," das duas solu\xe7\xf5es abaixo:"),(0,n.kt)("ol",{parentName:"div"},(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},'Marque a op\xe7\xe3o "Neutro aterrado" e insira um alto valor de reat\xe2ncia de aterramento (',(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"li",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"j"),(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"9999"),(0,n.kt)("mtext",{parentName:"mrow"},"\xa0"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"."),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},".")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"j9999~p.u.")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.854em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.05724em"}},"j"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"9999"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace nobreak"},"\xa0"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."))))),", por exemplo);"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Ou"),", na barra do gerador, insira um ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"inductor"},"reator")," de baixo valor de pot\xeancia reativa (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"li",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"1"),(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",separator:"true"},","),(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"0"),(0,n.kt)("mtext",{parentName:"mrow"},"\xa0"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"v"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"a"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"r")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"1,0~var")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.8389em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"1"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mpunct"},","),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace",style:{marginRight:"0.1667em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"0"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace nobreak"},"\xa0"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.03588em"}},"v"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"a"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.02778em"}},"r"))))),", por exemplo).")))),(0,n.kt)("h3",{id:"gerador-s\xedncrono-no-estudo-de-estabilidade"},"Gerador S\xedncrono no estudo de estabilidade"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"A rela\xe7\xe3o de valores observados em testes adequados (definidos na ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2020.9050934"},"IEEE Std. 115-2019"),"), denominados par\xe2metros padr\xf5es, s\xe3o utilizados para modelar a m\xe1quina s\xedncrona no estudo de estabilidade do PSP-UFU."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Os par\xe2metros da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona que influenciam rapidamente no decaimento de valores s\xe3o chamados ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"subtransit\xf3rios")," (indicados por ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("msup",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"msup"}),(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"msup"},(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"\u2032"),(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"\u2032")))),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"''")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.7519em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"msupsub"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.7519em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-3.063em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},"\u2032\u2032"))))))))))))),"), aqueles que influenciam mais lentamente s\xe3o chamados ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"transit\xf3rios")," (indicados por ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math 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vlist-t2"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8278em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.214em",marginLeft:"-0.0576em",marginRight:"0.0714em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.5em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"d")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.931em",marginRight:"0.0714em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.5em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},"\u2032\u2032"))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.286em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"})))))))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.345em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"}))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mclose nulldelimiter"})))))),"), cujo diagrama de blocos \xe9 apresentado na figura abaixo:")),(0,n.kt)("div",null,(0,n.kt)("center",null,(0,n.kt)("img",{src:(0,p.Z)("images/model5SyncGenerator.svg"),alt:"Diagrama de blocos do Modelo 4 das m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas",title:"Diagrama de blocos do Modelo 4 das m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas"}))),(0,n.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-info alert alert--info"},(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,n.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,n.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"14",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 14 16"},(0,n.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M7 2.3c3.14 0 5.7 2.56 5.7 5.7s-2.56 5.7-5.7 5.7A5.71 5.71 0 0 1 1.3 8c0-3.14 2.56-5.7 5.7-5.7zM7 1C3.14 1 0 4.14 0 8s3.14 7 7 7 7-3.14 7-7-3.14-7-7-7zm1 3H6v5h2V4zm0 6H6v2h2v-2z"}))),"Informa\xe7\xe3o")),(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Em todos os modelos as equa\xe7\xf5es diferenciais mec\xe2nicas s\xe3o solucionadas."))),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"satura\xe7\xe3o"},"Satura\xe7\xe3o"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Para representar matematicamente o efeito da satura\xe7\xe3o nas equa\xe7\xf5es das m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas s\xe3o introduzidos \u201cfatores de satura\xe7\xe3o\u201d que modificam as imped\xe2ncias do circuito equivalente, os quais dependem de uma reat\xe2ncia de dispers\xe3o efetiva, chamada de reat\xe2ncia de Potier (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math 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A reat\xe2ncia de dispers\xe3o (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("msub",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msub"},"x"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msub"},"l"))),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"x_l")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.5806em",verticalAlign:"-0.15em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord 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satura\xe7\xe3o em ambos os eixos (direto e em quadratura), diferindo entre si devido \xe0 diverg\xeancia no tamanho do entreferro. \xc9 assumido que a soma vetorial das duas componentes do fluxo magn\xe9tico saturado est\xe1 em fase com a f.m.m. e proporcional \xe0 Tens\xe3o de Potier (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math 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mtight"},"p")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.2861em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"}))))))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.9721em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"}))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mclose nulldelimiter"}))))))),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Essas equa\xe7\xf5es tamb\xe9m s\xe3o utilizadas para as reat\xe2ncias transit\xf3rias e subtransit\xf3rias, visto que o valor da reat\xe2ncia de Potier (ou de dispers\xe3o) n\xe3o \xe9 alterada."),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"barramento-infinito"},"Barramento infinito"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Algumas refer\xeancias incluem um modelo sem equa\xe7\xf5es diferenciais, em que a m\xe1quina \xe9 somente representada por uma tens\xe3o constante atr\xe1s de uma reat\xe2ncia transit\xf3ria de eixo direto. Tal \xe9 utilizado na representa\xe7\xe3o de um ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"barramento infinito"),", o qual \xe9 normalmente constitu\xeddo de um subsistema muito maior \xe0quele simulado."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"No PSP-UFU a ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"representa\xe7\xe3o de um barramento infinito")," pode ser obtido por meio da utiliza\xe7\xe3o de uma m\xe1quina representada pelo Modelo 1 cujo valor da constante de in\xe9rcia (H) \xe9 infinito ou muito grande (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"9999"),(0,n.kt)("mtext",{parentName:"mrow"},"\xa0"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"s")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"9999~s")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.6444em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"9999"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace nobreak"},"\xa0"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"s"))))),", por exemplo) em rela\xe7\xe3o \xe0s demais m\xe1quinas do sistema, e o valor de ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("msubsup",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msubsup"},"x"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msubsup"},"d"),(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"msubsup",mathvariant:"normal",lspace:"0em",rspace:"0em"},"\u2032"))),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"x_{d}'")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"1.035em",verticalAlign:"-0.2831em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord 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mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},"\u2032"))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.2831em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"}))))))))))," deve ser um valor muito pequeno (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"1"),(0,n.kt)("msup",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"msup"},"0"),(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"msup"},(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow"},"\u2212"),(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"3"))),(0,n.kt)("mtext",{parentName:"mrow"},"\xa0"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"."),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},".")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"10^{-3}~p.u.")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"1.0085em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"1"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"0"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"msupsub"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8141em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-3.063em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing 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No PSP-UFU foi implementado o conceito de centro de in\xe9rcia (COI, do ingl\xeas, ",(0,n.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"Center of Inertia"),"), que constitui uma soma ponderada das velocidades das m\xe1quinas presentes no sistema:"),(0,n.kt)("div",{className:"math 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Na implementa\xe7\xe3o realizada no programa a utiliza\xe7\xe3o ou n\xe3o desse recurso \xe9 opcional e pode ser ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"simulationConfig"},"definida pelo usu\xe1rio"),"."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"formul\xe1rio-de-edi\xe7\xe3o-dos-geradores-s\xedncronos"},"Formul\xe1rio de edi\xe7\xe3o dos geradores s\xedncronos"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"A imagem abaixo apresenta o formul\xe1rio de inser\xe7\xe3o/altera\xe7\xe3o de dados dos geradores s\xedncronos:"),(0,n.kt)("div",null,(0,n.kt)("center",null,(0,n.kt)("img",{src:(0,p.Z)("images/syncGeneratorForm.png"),alt:"Formul\xe1rio dos geradores s\xedncronos no PSP-UFU",title:"Formul\xe1rio dos geradores s\xedncronos no PSP-UFU"}))),(0,n.kt)("p",null,'Um segundo pelos dados de estabilidade, como mostra a figura abaixo, acessado ao clicar no bot\xe3o "Estabilidade" do formul\xe1rio principal. Nele \xe9 poss\xedvel tamb\xe9m acessar aos controles das m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas manipulados pelo ',(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"controlEditor"},"editor de controle"),"."),(0,n.kt)("div",null,(0,n.kt)("center",null,(0,n.kt)("img",{src:(0,p.Z)("images/syncGeneratorStabForm.png"),alt:"Formul\xe1rio de estabilidade dos geradores s\xedncronos no PSP-UFU",title:"Formul\xe1rio de estabilidade dos geradores s\xedncronos no PSP-UFU"}))),(0,n.kt)("p",null,'No formul\xe1rio de estabilidade pode ser observado o bot\xe3o "Chaveamento" na parte inferior esquerda do formul\xe1rio. Esse formul\xe1rio, comum a v\xe1rios outros elementos, permite a inser\xe7\xe3o e/ou remo\xe7\xe3o do gerador durante o estudo de ',(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"stability"},"estabilidade"),"."),(0,n.kt)("div",null,(0,n.kt)("center",null,(0,n.kt)("img",{src:(0,p.Z)("images/syncGeneratorSw.png"),alt:"Formul\xe1rio de chaveamento do gerador s\xedncrono",title:"Formul\xe1rio de chaveamento do gerador s\xedncrono"}))),(0,n.kt)(r.Z,{groupId:"syncGenerator-tabs",defaultValue:"general",values:[{label:"Geral",value:"general"},{label:"Falta",value:"fault"},{label:"Bot\xe3o Estabilidade",value:"stability"},{label:"Bot\xe3o Chaveamento",value:"switching"}],mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,n.kt)(l.Z,{value:"general",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"nome"},"Nome"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Identifica\xe7\xe3o do elemento el\xe9trico. Podem ser inseridos quaisquer n\xfameros de caracteres no padr\xe3o ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode"},"Unicode"),"."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Todos os componentes de pot\xeancia do PSP-UFU possuem esse campo."),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"pot\xeancia-nominal"},"Pot\xeancia nominal"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Pot\xeancia nominal do gerador, inserida em MVA, kVA ou VA."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,'Esse campo \xe9 especialmente importante caso a op\xe7\xe3o "Utilizar a pot\xeancia nominal como base" esteja marcada.'),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"pot\xeancias-ativa-e-reativa"},"Pot\xeancias ativa e reativa"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Pot\xeancias ativa (inserida em W, kW, MW ou p.u.) e reativa (inserida em var, kvar, Mvar ou p.u.) do gerador."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Caso a barra conectada seja PV o valor de pot\xeancia reativa ser\xe1 ignorado e caso seja de refer\xeancia ambos os valores inseridos ser\xe3o desprezados."),(0,n.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"},(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,n.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,n.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"16",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 16 16"},(0,n.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"}))),"Aten\xe7\xe3o!")),(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Caso mais de um gerador esteja conectado na mesma barra, os valores de pot\xeancia reativa (nas barras de refer\xeancia e PV) e ativa (nas barras de refer\xeancia) s\xe3o igualmente distribu\xeddas, respeitando os limites individuais de pot\xeancia reativa."))),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"pot\xeancias-reativas-m\xe1xima-e-m\xednima"},"Pot\xeancias reativas m\xe1xima e m\xednima"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Limites de pot\xeancia reativa m\xe1xima e m\xednima do gerador para controle de tens\xe3o em barras PV. Caso esses valores sejam ultrapassados, o reativo gerado pela unidade ser\xe1 limitado ao valor inserido e a barra conectada ser\xe1 transformada em PQ, n\xe3o controlando a tens\xe3o estabelecida."),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"utilizar-pot\xeancia-nominal-como-base"},"Utilizar pot\xeancia nominal como base"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Caso essa op\xe7\xe3o seja marcada, o programa ir\xe1 utilizar a pot\xeancia nominal do gerador como base para a convers\xe3o das unidades, inclusive aqueles no formul\xe1rio de estabilidade, caso contr\xe1rio ser\xe1 usada a ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"simulationConfig"},"pot\xeancia base do sistema"),".")),(0,n.kt)(l.Z,{value:"fault",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"imped\xe2ncias-de-sequ\xeancia"},"Imped\xe2ncias de sequ\xeancia"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Valores de resist\xeancia e reat\xe2ncia para c\xe1lculo das correntes de falta. S\xe3o inseridos dados de sequ\xeancia positiva, negativa e zero."),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"imped\xe2ncia-de-aterramento"},"Imped\xe2ncia de aterramento"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Valores utilizados para o c\xe1lculo das correntes de falta do tipo fase-terra e fase-fase-terra. Caso o neutro do gerador n\xe3o seja aterrado, o valor inserido nesse campo \xe9 ignorado."),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"neutro-aterrado"},"Neutro aterrado"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Indica se o neutro do gerador \xe9 aterrado.")),(0,n.kt)(l.Z,{value:"stability",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"imprimir-dados-da-m\xe1quina-s\xedncrona"},"Imprimir dados da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Exibe os dados do gerador s\xedncrono nos gr\xe1ficos no tempo. Os seguintes dados s\xe3o exibidos:"),(0,n.kt)("ul",null,(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"tens\xe3o terminal"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"pot\xeancias ativa e reativas"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"pot\xeancia mec\xe2nica"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"frequ\xeancia"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"tens\xe3o de campo"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"\xe2ngulo ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"li",className:"math 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excitatrizes."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Caso selecionadas os controles podem ser inseridos e modificados pelos bot\xf5es \u201cEditar AVR\u201d e \u201cEditar regulador de velocidade\u201d, os quais acessam o ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"controlEditor"},"editor de controle do PSP-UFU"),"."),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"resist\xeancia-de-armadura"},"Resist\xeancia de armadura"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Resist\xeancia de armadura da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona, em ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math 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mathnormal"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},".")))))),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"fator-de-satura\xe7\xe3o"},"Fator de satura\xe7\xe3o"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Valor utilizado no c\xe1lculo da curva de satura\xe7\xe3o."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Representa o valor (em ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"."),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},".")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"p.u.")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."))))),") de corrente de campo necess\xe1ria para atingir 1,2 p.u. de tens\xe3o terminal."),(0,n.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"},(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,n.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,n.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"16",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 16 16"},(0,n.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"}))),"Aten\xe7\xe3o!")),(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Esse valor deve ser ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"maior que 1,2"),", ou ir\xe1 gerar erros na simula\xe7\xe3o. Caso n\xe3o seja informado, a satura\xe7\xe3o da m\xe1quina n\xe3o \xe9 considerada nos c\xe1lculos."))),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"frequ\xeancia-de-circuito-aberto"},"Frequ\xeancia de circuito aberto"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Indica a velocidade da m\xe1quina no caso de in\xedcio da simula\xe7\xe3o desconectada da rede."),(0,n.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-info alert alert--info"},(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,n.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,n.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"14",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 14 16"},(0,n.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M7 2.3c3.14 0 5.7 2.56 5.7 5.7s-2.56 5.7-5.7 5.7A5.71 5.71 0 0 1 1.3 8c0-3.14 2.56-5.7 5.7-5.7zM7 1C3.14 1 0 4.14 0 8s3.14 7 7 7 7-3.14 7-7-3.14-7-7-7zm1 3H6v5h2V4zm0 6H6v2h2v-2z"}))),"Informa\xe7\xe3o")),(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Essa informa\xe7\xe3o \xe9 particularmente \xfatil na an\xe1lise de conex\xe3o de geradores dessincronizados na rede."))),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"reat\xe2ncias-s\xedncronas"},"Reat\xe2ncias s\xedncronas"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Valores de reat\xe2ncia s\xedncrona (regime permanente) da m\xe1quina. Os valores de eixo direto e em quadratura devem ser iguais ou muito pr\xf3ximos para representa\xe7\xe3o de uma m\xe1quina de polos lisos, enquanto para polos salientes esses valores s\xe3o distintos."),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"reat\xe2ncias-e-constantes-de-tempo-transit\xf3rias"},"Reat\xe2ncias e constantes de tempo transit\xf3rias"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Par\xe2metros transit\xf3rios da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona em ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"."),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},".")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"p.u.")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},".")))))," ou segundos."),(0,n.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-warning alert alert--danger"},(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,n.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,n.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"12",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 12 16"},(0,n.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M5.05.31c.81 2.17.41 3.38-.52 4.31C3.55 5.67 1.98 6.45.9 7.98c-1.45 2.05-1.7 6.53 3.53 7.7-2.2-1.16-2.67-4.52-.3-6.61-.61 2.03.53 3.33 1.94 2.86 1.39-.47 2.3.53 2.27 1.67-.02.78-.31 1.44-1.13 1.81 3.42-.59 4.78-3.42 4.78-5.56 0-2.84-2.53-3.22-1.25-5.61-1.52.13-2.03 1.13-1.89 2.75.09 1.08-1.02 1.8-1.86 1.33-.67-.41-.66-1.19-.06-1.78C8.18 5.31 8.68 2.45 5.05.32L5.03.3l.02.01z"}))),"Cuidado!")),(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"O valor da reat\xe2ncia transit\xf3ria de eixo direto deve ser diferente de zero ou levar\xe1 o programa a erro."))),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"De acordo com a quantidade de par\xe2metros inseridos \xe9 definido internamente pelo programa qual o modelo a ser utilizado."),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"reat\xe2ncias-e-constantes-de-tempo-subtransit\xf3rias"},"Reat\xe2ncias e constantes de tempo subtransit\xf3rias"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Par\xe2metros subtransit\xf3rios da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona em ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"."),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},".")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"p.u.")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},".")))))," ou segundos, representando em detalhes a presen\xe7a de enrolamentos amortecedores. Assim como os dados transit\xf3rios, esses par\xe2metros definem o modelo da m\xe1quina.")),(0,n.kt)(l.Z,{value:"switching",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,n.kt)("p",null,'O bot\xe3o "Chaveamento" ir\xe1 abrir um formul\xe1rio, comum a v\xe1rios outros elementos, que permite a inser\xe7\xe3o e/ou remo\xe7\xe3o do gerador durante o estudo de ',(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"stability"},"estabilidade"),"."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,'Nesse formul\xe1rio pode ser criada uma lista gen\xe9rica de inser\xe7\xf5es e remo\xe7\xf5es da linha no tempo, personalizada por um contexto de propriedades de chaveamento que s\xe3o editados o tipo de chaveamento (inser\xe7\xe3o ou remo\xe7\xe3o) e o instante (em segundos) do evento. Essas propriedades s\xe3o atribu\xeddas e retiradas da lista gen\xe9rica por meio dos bot\xf5es "Adicionar" e "Remover", respectivamente.'))),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"acesso-aos-controles-da-m\xe1quina-s\xedncrona"},"Acesso aos controles da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Como j\xe1 ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"syncGenerator#utilizar-avr-e-regulador-de-velocidade"},"mencionado anteriormente"),', os reguladores de velocidade e tens\xe3o da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona podem ser acionados ou inibidos por meio das caixas de sele\xe7\xe3o "',(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"syncGenerator#utilizar-avr-e-regulador-de-velocidade"},"Utilizar AVR e regulador de velocidade"),'". Ambas as op\xe7\xf5es ir\xe3o acessar o ',(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"controlEditor"},"editor de controles"),"."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"O acesso aos controles do ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"AVR"),' poder\xe3o ent\xe3o ser criados e manipulados ao clicar no bot\xe3o "Editar AVR", assim como o ',(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Regulador de Velocidade"),' \xe9 acessado no bot\xe3o "Editar regulador de velocidade".'),(0,n.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"},(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,n.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,n.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"16",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 16 16"},(0,n.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"}))),"Aten\xe7\xe3o!")),(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"No PSP-UFU a op\xe7\xe3o de editar o ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"AVR")," engloba mais que somente o controle de tens\xe3o da m\xe1quina. Nele ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"deve")," ser inserida a malha de controle da m\xe1quina assim como a ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"excitatriz da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona"),". Outras estrat\xe9gias de controle (opcionais), como PSS (",(0,n.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"Power System Stabilizer"),") e/ou controles de sobre e sub excita\xe7\xe3o, s\xe3o tamb\xe9m implementadas em conjunto."))),(0,n.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"},(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,n.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,n.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"16",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 16 16"},(0,n.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"}))),"Aten\xe7\xe3o!")),(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Assim como no AVR, o ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Regulador de Velocidade")," engloba mais que a regula\xe7\xe3o prim\xe1ria da m\xe1quina. Nessa op\xe7\xe3o ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"deve")," ser inserida ao menos a malha de controle da regula\xe7\xe3o prim\xe1ria de velocidade, assim como o ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"modelo da turbina"),". Estrat\xe9gias opcionais de controle da velocidade tamb\xe9m s\xe3o inseridas nessa op\xe7\xe3o."))),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"refer\xeancias"},"Refer\xeancias"),(0,n.kt)("ol",null,(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"MILANO, F. Power System Modelling and Scripting. London: Springer, 2010. doi: ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13669-6"},"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13669-6")),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"ARRILLAGA, J.; WATSON, N. R. Computer Modelling of Electrical Power Systems. Wiley & Sons, New York, 2001. doi: ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118878286"},"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118878286")),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"KUNDUR, P. Power System Stability and Control. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1994."),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"DOMMEL, H. W.; SATO, N. Fast Transient Stability Solutions. IEEE Transactions on Power Aparatus and Systems, v. PAS-91, n. 4, jul 1972, p. 1643-1650. doi: ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAS.1972.293341"},"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAS.1972.293341")),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"IEEE Std 1110-2002 IEEE Guide for Synchronous Generator Modeling Practices and Applications in Power System Stability Analyses. IEEE, New York, nov. 2003. doi: ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2003.94408"},"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2003.94408")),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"KIMBARK, E. W. Power System Stability: Volume III \u2013 Synchronous Machine. New York: Wiley-IEEE Press, 1995.")))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/0ce9c370.e5188e0b.js b/docs/assets/js/0ce9c370.e5188e0b.js new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d5f80d50 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/0ce9c370.e5188e0b.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkpsp_ufu=self.webpackChunkpsp_ufu||[]).push([[7174],{3905:function(a,e,s){s.d(e,{Zo:function(){return i},kt:function(){return h}});var t=s(7294);function m(a,e,s){return e in a?Object.defineProperty(a,e,{value:s,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):a[e]=s,a}function n(a,e){var s=Object.keys(a);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var t=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(a);e&&(t=t.filter((function(e){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(a,e).enumerable}))),s.push.apply(s,t)}return s}function p(a){for(var e=1;e=0||(m[s]=a[s]);return m}(a,e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(a);for(t=0;t=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(a,s)&&(m[s]=a[s])}return m}var l=t.createContext({}),N=function(a){var e=t.useContext(l),s=e;return a&&(s="function"==typeof a?a(e):p(p({},e),a)),s},i=function(a){var e=N(a.components);return t.createElement(l.Provider,{value:e},a.children)},o="mdxType",k={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(a){var e=a.children;return t.createElement(t.Fragment,{},e)}},c=t.forwardRef((function(a,e){var s=a.components,m=a.mdxType,n=a.originalType,l=a.parentName,i=r(a,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),o=N(s),c=m,h=o["".concat(l,".").concat(c)]||o[c]||k[c]||n;return s?t.createElement(h,p(p({ref:e},i),{},{components:s})):t.createElement(h,p({ref:e},i))}));function h(a,e){var s=arguments,m=e&&e.mdxType;if("string"==typeof a||m){var n=s.length,p=new Array(n);p[0]=c;var r={};for(var l in e)hasOwnProperty.call(e,l)&&(r[l]=e[l]);r.originalType=a,r[o]="string"==typeof a?a:m,p[1]=r;for(var N=2;N child <"+("string"==typeof a.type?a.type:a.type.name)+'>: all children of the component should be , and every should have a unique "value" prop.')})))?void 0:s.filter(Boolean))?e:[]}(a).map((function(a){var e=a.props;return{value:e.value,label:e.label,attributes:e.attributes,default:e.default}}))}function k(a){var e=a.values,s=a.children;return(0,m.useMemo)((function(){var a=null!=e?e:o(s);return function(a){var e=(0,N.l)(a,(function(a,e){return a.value===e.value}));if(e.length>0)throw new Error('Docusaurus error: Duplicate values "'+e.map((function(a){return a.value})).join(", ")+'" found in . 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",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=411-31-08"},(0,n.kt)("em",{parentName:"a"},"tradu\xe7\xe3o livre")," - IEC 60050"),".")),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"gerador-s\xedncrono-no-psp-ufu"},"Gerador S\xedncrono no PSP-UFU"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Os geradores s\xedncronos s\xe3o a fonte de pot\xeancia para o c\xe1lculo do fluxo de carga e estabilidade, al\xe9m de serem um dos principais contribuintes para as correntes de falta."),(0,n.kt)("admonition",{title:"Aten\xe7\xe3o!",type:"caution"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Somente barramentos que possuem esse elemento conectado podem ser considerados ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow"},"barras de refer\xeancia"),". ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow"},"Barras do tipo PV")," devem conter um gerador s\xedncrono ou um ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"syncMotor"},"motor s\xedncrono (compensador s\xedncrono)"),".")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"O formul\xe1rio de dados \xe9 dividido em dois, sendo o primeiro respons\xe1vel pelos dados gerais, de ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow"},"fluxo de carga")," e de ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"fault"},"falta")," e um segundo pelos dados de ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"stability"},"estabilidade")," . Esse \xfaltimo tamb\xe9m permite o acesso aos controles das m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas manipulados pelo editor de controle."),(0,n.kt)("admonition",{title:"Informa\xe7\xe3o",type:"info"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Os dados referentes \xe0s ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"imped\xe2ncias de sequ\xeancia positiva do gerador s\xedncrono")," inseridas no ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"syncGenerator#falta"},'contexto (aba) "Falta"')," s\xe3o utilizados ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"tanto para os estudos de ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"strong",href:"fault"},"curto-circuito")," quanto para os estudos de ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"strong",href:"harmonics"},"harm\xf4nicos")),"."),(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Esses dados s\xe3o ignorados nos estudos de ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow"},"fluxo de carga")," (",(0,n.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"n\xe3o s\xe3o utilizado nesse estudo"),") e ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"stability"},"estabilidade")," (",(0,n.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"s\xe3o utilizados dados inseridos em formul\xe1rio espec\xedfico"),").")),(0,n.kt)("h3",{id:"gerador-s\xedncrono-no-fluxo-de-carga"},"Gerador S\xedncrono no fluxo de carga"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"O gerador s\xedncrono \xe9 a fonte de pot\xeancia do PSP-UFU no estudo de fluxo de carga. Seu comportamento difere de acordo com o tipo de barra conectada:"),(0,n.kt)("ul",null,(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"powerFlow"},"Barra de refer\xeancia"),": Os dados de pot\xeancia ativa e reativa inseridos s\xe3o desprezados, uma vez que esse elemento ser\xe1 utilizado para completar o balan\xe7o de pot\xeancia do estudo de fluxo d carga;"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"powerFlow"},"Barra PV"),": O dado de pot\xeancia ativa \xe9 considerado, por\xe9m o dados de pot\xeancia reativa s\xe3o desprezados. O valor da pot\xeancia reativa \xe9 utilizado para manter o m\xf3dulo da tens\xe3o constante no barramento conectado;"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"powerFlow"},"Barra PQ"),": Para os geradores conectados a essa barra tanto a pot\xeancia ativa quanto reativa inseridas s\xe3o consideradas.")),(0,n.kt)("admonition",{title:"Aten\xe7\xe3o",type:"caution"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Caso o limite de pot\xeancia reativa seja excedido, o programa automaticamente transforma a ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow"},"Barra PV")," conectada em uma ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow"},"Barra PQ"),", utilizando o valor limite de pot\xeancia reativa que seria ultrapassado.")),(0,n.kt)("h3",{id:"gerador-s\xedncrono-no-estudo-de-curto-circuito"},"Gerador S\xedncrono no estudo de curto-circuito"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Enquanto os geradores no estudo de fluxo de carga s\xe3o modelados somente por correntes injetadas nas barras, para o curto-circuito utiliza-se uma tens\xe3o atr\xe1s de uma imped\xe2ncia. A figura abaixo mostra o caminho da corrente e o circuito equivalente de cada sequ\xeancia nos geradores."),(0,n.kt)("div",null,(0,n.kt)("center",null,(0,n.kt)("img",{src:(0,p.Z)("images/sycGeneratorSeq.svg"),alt:"Caminho das correntes e circuito equivalente: (a) sequ\xeancia positiva; (b) sequ\xeancia negativa; (c) sequ\xeancia zero",title:"Caminho das correntes e circuito equivalente: (a) sequ\xeancia positiva; (b) sequ\xeancia negativa; (c) sequ\xeancia zero"}))),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"As tens\xf5es geradas s\xe3o somente de sequ\xeancia positiva, uma vez que o gerador fornece sempre tens\xf5es trif\xe1sicas equilibradas. Portanto a rede de sequ\xeancia positiva \xe9 composta de uma tens\xe3o pr\xe9-falta atr\xe1s de uma imped\xe2ncia de sequ\xeancia positiva. As redes de sequ\xeancia negativa e zero n\xe3o cont\xeam for\xe7as eletromotrizes, por\xe9m incluem as imped\xe2ncias do gerador de sequ\xeancia negativa e zero."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"A corrente que circula na imped\xe2ncia ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math 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n\xe3o circular\xe1 corrente de sequ\xeancia zero por ele. Nesse caso, dependendo da conex\xe3o do transformador pr\xf3ximo ao gerador sem aterramento, a seguinte mensagem de erro pode ser exibida:"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,(0,n.kt)("center",null,'"',(0,n.kt)("i",null,"Falha ao inverter a matriz admit\xe2ncia de sequ\xeancia zero"),'"')),(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Isso ocorre porque a matriz admit\xe2ncia de sequ\xeancia zero \xe9 singular. Para contornar esse problema escolha ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"uma")," das duas solu\xe7\xf5es abaixo:"),(0,n.kt)("ol",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},'Marque a op\xe7\xe3o "Neutro aterrado" e insira um alto valor de reat\xe2ncia de aterramento (',(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"li",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"j"),(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"9999"),(0,n.kt)("mtext",{parentName:"mrow"},"\xa0"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"."),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},".")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"j9999~p.u.")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.854em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.05724em"}},"j"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"9999"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace nobreak"},"\xa0"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."))))),", por exemplo);"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Ou"),", na barra do gerador, insira um ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"inductor"},"reator")," de baixo valor de pot\xeancia reativa (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"li",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"1"),(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",separator:"true"},","),(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"0"),(0,n.kt)("mtext",{parentName:"mrow"},"\xa0"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"v"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"a"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"r")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"1,0~var")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.8389em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"1"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mpunct"},","),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace",style:{marginRight:"0.1667em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"0"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace nobreak"},"\xa0"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.03588em"}},"v"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"a"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.02778em"}},"r"))))),", por exemplo)."))),(0,n.kt)("h3",{id:"gerador-s\xedncrono-no-estudo-de-estabilidade"},"Gerador S\xedncrono no estudo de estabilidade"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"A rela\xe7\xe3o de valores observados em testes adequados (definidos na ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2020.9050934"},"IEEE Std. 115-2019"),"), denominados par\xe2metros padr\xf5es, s\xe3o utilizados para modelar a m\xe1quina s\xedncrona no estudo de estabilidade do PSP-UFU."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Os par\xe2metros da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona que influenciam rapidamente no decaimento de valores s\xe3o chamados ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"subtransit\xf3rios")," (indicados por ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("msup",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"msup"}),(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"msup"},(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"\u2032"),(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"\u2032")))),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"''")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.7519em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"msupsub"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.7519em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-3.063em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},"\u2032\u2032"))))))))))))),"), aqueles que influenciam mais lentamente s\xe3o chamados ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"transit\xf3rios")," (indicados por ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("msup",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"msup"}),(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"msup",mathvariant:"normal",lspace:"0em",rspace:"0em"},"\u2032"))),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"'")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.7519em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"msupsub"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.7519em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-3.063em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing 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s\xedncronas"}))),(0,n.kt)("admonition",{title:"Informa\xe7\xe3o",type:"info"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Em todos os modelos as equa\xe7\xf5es diferenciais mec\xe2nicas s\xe3o solucionadas.")),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"satura\xe7\xe3o"},"Satura\xe7\xe3o"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Para representar matematicamente o efeito da satura\xe7\xe3o nas equa\xe7\xf5es das m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas s\xe3o introduzidos \u201cfatores de satura\xe7\xe3o\u201d que modificam as imped\xe2ncias do circuito equivalente, os quais dependem de uma reat\xe2ncia de dispers\xe3o efetiva, chamada de reat\xe2ncia de Potier (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math 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A reat\xe2ncia de dispers\xe3o (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("msub",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msub"},"x"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msub"},"l"))),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"x_l")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.5806em",verticalAlign:"-0.15em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord 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satura\xe7\xe3o em ambos os eixos (direto e em quadratura), diferindo entre si devido \xe0 diverg\xeancia no tamanho do entreferro. \xc9 assumido que a soma vetorial das duas componentes do fluxo magn\xe9tico saturado est\xe1 em fase com a f.m.m. e proporcional \xe0 Tens\xe3o de Potier (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math 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representada por uma tens\xe3o constante atr\xe1s de uma reat\xe2ncia transit\xf3ria de eixo direto. Tal \xe9 utilizado na representa\xe7\xe3o de um ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"barramento infinito"),", o qual \xe9 normalmente constitu\xeddo de um subsistema muito maior \xe0quele simulado."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"No PSP-UFU a ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"representa\xe7\xe3o de um barramento infinito")," pode ser obtido por meio da utiliza\xe7\xe3o de uma m\xe1quina representada pelo Modelo 1 cujo valor da constante de in\xe9rcia (H) \xe9 infinito ou muito grande (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"9999"),(0,n.kt)("mtext",{parentName:"mrow"},"\xa0"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"s")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"9999~s")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.6444em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"9999"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace nobreak"},"\xa0"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"s"))))),", por exemplo) em rela\xe7\xe3o \xe0s demais m\xe1quinas do sistema, e o valor de ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("msubsup",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msubsup"},"x"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msubsup"},"d"),(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"msubsup",mathvariant:"normal",lspace:"0em",rspace:"0em"},"\u2032"))),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"x_{d}'")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"1.035em",verticalAlign:"-0.2831em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord 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mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},"\u2032"))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.2831em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"}))))))))))," deve ser um valor muito pequeno (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"1"),(0,n.kt)("msup",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"msup"},"0"),(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"msup"},(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow"},"\u2212"),(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"3"))),(0,n.kt)("mtext",{parentName:"mrow"},"\xa0"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"."),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},".")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"10^{-3}~p.u.")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"1.0085em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"1"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"0"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"msupsub"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8141em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-3.063em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing 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No PSP-UFU foi implementado o conceito de centro de in\xe9rcia (COI, do ingl\xeas, ",(0,n.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"Center of Inertia"),"), que constitui uma soma ponderada das velocidades das m\xe1quinas presentes no sistema:"),(0,n.kt)("div",{className:"math 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Na implementa\xe7\xe3o realizada no programa a utiliza\xe7\xe3o ou n\xe3o desse recurso \xe9 opcional e pode ser ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"simulationConfig"},"definida pelo usu\xe1rio"),"."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"formul\xe1rio-de-edi\xe7\xe3o-dos-geradores-s\xedncronos"},"Formul\xe1rio de edi\xe7\xe3o dos geradores s\xedncronos"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"A imagem abaixo apresenta o formul\xe1rio de inser\xe7\xe3o/altera\xe7\xe3o de dados dos geradores s\xedncronos:"),(0,n.kt)("div",null,(0,n.kt)("center",null,(0,n.kt)("img",{src:(0,p.Z)("images/syncGeneratorForm.png"),alt:"Formul\xe1rio dos geradores s\xedncronos no PSP-UFU",title:"Formul\xe1rio dos geradores s\xedncronos no PSP-UFU"}))),(0,n.kt)("p",null,'Um segundo pelos dados de estabilidade, como mostra a figura abaixo, acessado ao clicar no bot\xe3o "Estabilidade" do formul\xe1rio principal. Nele \xe9 poss\xedvel tamb\xe9m acessar aos controles das m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas manipulados pelo ',(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"controlEditor"},"editor de controle"),"."),(0,n.kt)("div",null,(0,n.kt)("center",null,(0,n.kt)("img",{src:(0,p.Z)("images/syncGeneratorStabForm.png"),alt:"Formul\xe1rio de estabilidade dos geradores s\xedncronos no PSP-UFU",title:"Formul\xe1rio de estabilidade dos geradores s\xedncronos no PSP-UFU"}))),(0,n.kt)("p",null,'No formul\xe1rio de estabilidade pode ser observado o bot\xe3o "Chaveamento" na parte inferior esquerda do formul\xe1rio. Esse formul\xe1rio, comum a v\xe1rios outros elementos, permite a inser\xe7\xe3o e/ou remo\xe7\xe3o do gerador durante o estudo de ',(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"stability"},"estabilidade"),"."),(0,n.kt)("div",null,(0,n.kt)("center",null,(0,n.kt)("img",{src:(0,p.Z)("images/syncGeneratorSw.png"),alt:"Formul\xe1rio de chaveamento do gerador s\xedncrono",title:"Formul\xe1rio de chaveamento do gerador s\xedncrono"}))),(0,n.kt)(r.Z,{groupId:"syncGenerator-tabs",defaultValue:"general",values:[{label:"Geral",value:"general"},{label:"Falta",value:"fault"},{label:"Bot\xe3o Estabilidade",value:"stability"},{label:"Bot\xe3o Chaveamento",value:"switching"}],mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,n.kt)(l.Z,{value:"general",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"nome"},"Nome"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Identifica\xe7\xe3o do elemento el\xe9trico. Podem ser inseridos quaisquer n\xfameros de caracteres no padr\xe3o ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode"},"Unicode"),"."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Todos os componentes de pot\xeancia do PSP-UFU possuem esse campo."),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"pot\xeancia-nominal"},"Pot\xeancia nominal"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Pot\xeancia nominal do gerador, inserida em MVA, kVA ou VA."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,'Esse campo \xe9 especialmente importante caso a op\xe7\xe3o "Utilizar a pot\xeancia nominal como base" esteja marcada.'),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"pot\xeancias-ativa-e-reativa"},"Pot\xeancias ativa e reativa"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Pot\xeancias ativa (inserida em W, kW, MW ou p.u.) e reativa (inserida em var, kvar, Mvar ou p.u.) do gerador."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Caso a barra conectada seja PV o valor de pot\xeancia reativa ser\xe1 ignorado e caso seja de refer\xeancia ambos os valores inseridos ser\xe3o desprezados."),(0,n.kt)("admonition",{title:"Aten\xe7\xe3o!",type:"caution"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Caso mais de um gerador esteja conectado na mesma barra, os valores de pot\xeancia reativa (nas barras de refer\xeancia e PV) e ativa (nas barras de refer\xeancia) s\xe3o igualmente distribu\xeddas, respeitando os limites individuais de pot\xeancia reativa.")),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"pot\xeancias-reativas-m\xe1xima-e-m\xednima"},"Pot\xeancias reativas m\xe1xima e m\xednima"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Limites de pot\xeancia reativa m\xe1xima e m\xednima do gerador para controle de tens\xe3o em barras PV. Caso esses valores sejam ultrapassados, o reativo gerado pela unidade ser\xe1 limitado ao valor inserido e a barra conectada ser\xe1 transformada em PQ, n\xe3o controlando a tens\xe3o estabelecida."),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"utilizar-pot\xeancia-nominal-como-base"},"Utilizar pot\xeancia nominal como base"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Caso essa op\xe7\xe3o seja marcada, o programa ir\xe1 utilizar a pot\xeancia nominal do gerador como base para a convers\xe3o das unidades, inclusive aqueles no formul\xe1rio de estabilidade, caso contr\xe1rio ser\xe1 usada a ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"simulationConfig"},"pot\xeancia base do sistema"),".")),(0,n.kt)(l.Z,{value:"fault",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"imped\xe2ncias-de-sequ\xeancia"},"Imped\xe2ncias de sequ\xeancia"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Valores de resist\xeancia e reat\xe2ncia para c\xe1lculo das correntes de falta. S\xe3o inseridos dados de sequ\xeancia positiva, negativa e zero."),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"imped\xe2ncia-de-aterramento"},"Imped\xe2ncia de aterramento"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Valores utilizados para o c\xe1lculo das correntes de falta do tipo fase-terra e fase-fase-terra. Caso o neutro do gerador n\xe3o seja aterrado, o valor inserido nesse campo \xe9 ignorado."),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"neutro-aterrado"},"Neutro aterrado"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Indica se o neutro do gerador \xe9 aterrado.")),(0,n.kt)(l.Z,{value:"stability",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"imprimir-dados-da-m\xe1quina-s\xedncrona"},"Imprimir dados da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Exibe os dados do gerador s\xedncrono nos gr\xe1ficos no tempo. Os seguintes dados s\xe3o exibidos:"),(0,n.kt)("ul",null,(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"tens\xe3o terminal"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"pot\xeancias ativa e reativas"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"pot\xeancia mec\xe2nica"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"frequ\xeancia"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"tens\xe3o de campo"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"\xe2ngulo ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"li",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"\u03b4")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\delta")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.6944em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.03785em"}},"\u03b4"))))),".")),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"utilizar-avr-e-regulador-de-velocidade"},"Utilizar AVR e regulador de velocidade"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Esses campos acionam ou inibem os controles da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona, assim como modelos de turbina e excitatrizes."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Caso selecionadas os controles podem ser inseridos e modificados pelos bot\xf5es \u201cEditar AVR\u201d e \u201cEditar regulador de velocidade\u201d, os quais acessam o ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"controlEditor"},"editor de controle do PSP-UFU"),"."),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"resist\xeancia-de-armadura"},"Resist\xeancia de armadura"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Resist\xeancia de armadura da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona, em ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"."),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},".")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"p.u.")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord 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math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"."),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},".")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"p.u.")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},".")))))),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"fator-de-satura\xe7\xe3o"},"Fator de satura\xe7\xe3o"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Valor utilizado no c\xe1lculo da curva de satura\xe7\xe3o."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Representa o valor (em ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"."),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},".")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"p.u.")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord 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Caso n\xe3o seja informado, a satura\xe7\xe3o da m\xe1quina n\xe3o \xe9 considerada nos c\xe1lculos.")),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"frequ\xeancia-de-circuito-aberto"},"Frequ\xeancia de circuito aberto"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Indica a velocidade da m\xe1quina no caso de in\xedcio da simula\xe7\xe3o desconectada da rede."),(0,n.kt)("admonition",{title:"Informa\xe7\xe3o",type:"info"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Essa informa\xe7\xe3o \xe9 particularmente \xfatil na an\xe1lise de conex\xe3o de geradores dessincronizados na rede.")),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"reat\xe2ncias-s\xedncronas"},"Reat\xe2ncias s\xedncronas"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Valores de reat\xe2ncia s\xedncrona (regime permanente) da m\xe1quina. Os valores de eixo direto e em quadratura devem ser iguais ou muito pr\xf3ximos para representa\xe7\xe3o de uma m\xe1quina de polos lisos, enquanto para polos salientes esses valores s\xe3o distintos."),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"reat\xe2ncias-e-constantes-de-tempo-transit\xf3rias"},"Reat\xe2ncias e constantes de tempo transit\xf3rias"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Par\xe2metros transit\xf3rios da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona em ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"."),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},".")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"p.u.")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},".")))))," ou segundos."),(0,n.kt)("admonition",{title:"Cuidado!",type:"warning"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"O valor da reat\xe2ncia transit\xf3ria de eixo direto deve ser diferente de zero ou levar\xe1 o programa a erro.")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"De acordo com a quantidade de par\xe2metros inseridos \xe9 definido internamente pelo programa qual o modelo a ser utilizado."),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"reat\xe2ncias-e-constantes-de-tempo-subtransit\xf3rias"},"Reat\xe2ncias e constantes de tempo subtransit\xf3rias"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Par\xe2metros subtransit\xf3rios da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona em ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"."),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},".")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"p.u.")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},".")))))," ou segundos, representando em detalhes a presen\xe7a de enrolamentos amortecedores. Assim como os dados transit\xf3rios, esses par\xe2metros definem o modelo da m\xe1quina.")),(0,n.kt)(l.Z,{value:"switching",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,n.kt)("p",null,'O bot\xe3o "Chaveamento" ir\xe1 abrir um formul\xe1rio, comum a v\xe1rios outros elementos, que permite a inser\xe7\xe3o e/ou remo\xe7\xe3o do gerador durante o estudo de ',(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"stability"},"estabilidade"),"."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,'Nesse formul\xe1rio pode ser criada uma lista gen\xe9rica de inser\xe7\xf5es e remo\xe7\xf5es da linha no tempo, personalizada por um contexto de propriedades de chaveamento que s\xe3o editados o tipo de chaveamento (inser\xe7\xe3o ou remo\xe7\xe3o) e o instante (em segundos) do evento. Essas propriedades s\xe3o atribu\xeddas e retiradas da lista gen\xe9rica por meio dos bot\xf5es "Adicionar" e "Remover", respectivamente.'))),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"acesso-aos-controles-da-m\xe1quina-s\xedncrona"},"Acesso aos controles da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Como j\xe1 ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"syncGenerator#utilizar-avr-e-regulador-de-velocidade"},"mencionado anteriormente"),', os reguladores de velocidade e tens\xe3o da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona podem ser acionados ou inibidos por meio das caixas de sele\xe7\xe3o "',(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"syncGenerator#utilizar-avr-e-regulador-de-velocidade"},"Utilizar AVR e regulador de velocidade"),'". Ambas as op\xe7\xf5es ir\xe3o acessar o ',(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"controlEditor"},"editor de controles"),"."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"O acesso aos controles do ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"AVR"),' poder\xe3o ent\xe3o ser criados e manipulados ao clicar no bot\xe3o "Editar AVR", assim como o ',(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Regulador de Velocidade"),' \xe9 acessado no bot\xe3o "Editar regulador de velocidade".'),(0,n.kt)("admonition",{title:"Aten\xe7\xe3o!",type:"caution"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"No PSP-UFU a op\xe7\xe3o de editar o ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"AVR")," engloba mais que somente o controle de tens\xe3o da m\xe1quina. Nele ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"deve")," ser inserida a malha de controle da m\xe1quina assim como a ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"excitatriz da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona"),". Outras estrat\xe9gias de controle (opcionais), como PSS (",(0,n.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"Power System Stabilizer"),") e/ou controles de sobre e sub excita\xe7\xe3o, s\xe3o tamb\xe9m implementadas em conjunto.")),(0,n.kt)("admonition",{title:"Aten\xe7\xe3o!",type:"caution"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Assim como no AVR, o ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Regulador de Velocidade")," engloba mais que a regula\xe7\xe3o prim\xe1ria da m\xe1quina. Nessa op\xe7\xe3o ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"deve")," ser inserida ao menos a malha de controle da regula\xe7\xe3o prim\xe1ria de velocidade, assim como o ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"modelo da turbina"),". Estrat\xe9gias opcionais de controle da velocidade tamb\xe9m s\xe3o inseridas nessa op\xe7\xe3o.")),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"refer\xeancias"},"Refer\xeancias"),(0,n.kt)("ol",null,(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"MILANO, F. Power System Modelling and Scripting. London: Springer, 2010. doi: ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13669-6"},"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13669-6")),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"ARRILLAGA, J.; WATSON, N. R. Computer Modelling of Electrical Power Systems. Wiley & Sons, New York, 2001. doi: ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118878286"},"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118878286")),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"KUNDUR, P. Power System Stability and Control. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1994."),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"DOMMEL, H. W.; SATO, N. Fast Transient Stability Solutions. IEEE Transactions on Power Aparatus and Systems, v. PAS-91, n. 4, jul 1972, p. 1643-1650. doi: ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAS.1972.293341"},"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAS.1972.293341")),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"IEEE Std 1110-2002 IEEE Guide for Synchronous Generator Modeling Practices and Applications in Power System Stability Analyses. IEEE, New York, nov. 2003. doi: ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2003.94408"},"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2003.94408")),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"KIMBARK, E. W. Power System Stability: Volume III \u2013 Synchronous Machine. New York: Wiley-IEEE Press, 1995.")))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/109a3630.069a96b3.js b/docs/assets/js/109a3630.069a96b3.js deleted file mode 100644 index e0194dbc..00000000 --- a/docs/assets/js/109a3630.069a96b3.js +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -"use strict";(self.webpackChunkpsp_ufu=self.webpackChunkpsp_ufu||[]).push([[8212],{3905:function(a,e,s){s.d(e,{Zo:function(){return i},kt:function(){return o}});var t=s(7294);function m(a,e,s){return e in a?Object.defineProperty(a,e,{value:s,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):a[e]=s,a}function n(a,e){var s=Object.keys(a);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var t=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(a);e&&(t=t.filter((function(e){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(a,e).enumerable}))),s.push.apply(s,t)}return s}function p(a){for(var e=1;e=0||(m[s]=a[s]);return m}(a,e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(a);for(t=0;t=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(a,s)&&(m[s]=a[s])}return m}var l=t.createContext({}),N=function(a){var e=t.useContext(l),s=e;return a&&(s="function"==typeof a?a(e):p(p({},e),a)),s},i=function(a){var e=N(a.components);return t.createElement(l.Provider,{value:e},a.children)},k={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(a){var e=a.children;return t.createElement(t.Fragment,{},e)}},c=t.forwardRef((function(a,e){var s=a.components,m=a.mdxType,n=a.originalType,l=a.parentName,i=r(a,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),c=N(s),o=m,h=c["".concat(l,".").concat(o)]||c[o]||k[o]||n;return s?t.createElement(h,p(p({ref:e},i),{},{components:s})):t.createElement(h,p({ref:e},i))}));function o(a,e){var s=arguments,m=e&&e.mdxType;if("string"==typeof a||m){var n=s.length,p=new Array(n);p[0]=c;var r={};for(var l in e)hasOwnProperty.call(e,l)&&(r[l]=e[l]);r.originalType=a,r.mdxType="string"==typeof a?a:m,p[1]=r;for(var N=2;N child <"+("string"==typeof a.type?a.type:a.type.name)+'>: all children of the component should be , and every should have a unique "value" prop.')})),d=null!=c?c:g.map((function(a){var e=a.props;return{value:e.value,label:e.label,attributes:e.attributes}})),u=(0,p.lx)(d,(function(a,e){return a.value===e.value}));if(u.length>0)throw new Error('Docusaurus error: Duplicate values "'+u.map((function(a){return a.value})).join(", ")+'" found in . 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pot\xeancia reativa por meio do controle da excita\xe7\xe3o de uma m\xe1quina s\xedncrona."),(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"A ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"barra de Refer\xeancia")," (ou de folga, de oscila\xe7\xe3o) tem como fun\xe7\xe3o, assim como o pr\xf3prio nome diz, servir de refer\xeancia de tens\xe3o e \xe2ngulo do sistema. Essa barra \xe9 necessariamente geradora, uma vez que ela \xe9 respons\xe1vel pelo equil\xedbrio do balan\xe7o de pot\xeancia do sistema."))),(0,n.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"},(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,n.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,n.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"16",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 16 16"},(0,n.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"}))),"Aten\xe7\xe3o!")),(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"O tipo de barra deve ser definido no ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"bus"},"elemento barramento"),"."),(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Note que ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"o sistema deve possuir somente uma barra de refer\xeancia"),"."))),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Como mencionado anteriormente, as equa\xe7\xf5es s\xe3o n\xe3o-lineares e a solu\xe7\xe3o anal\xedtica n\xe3o \xe9 pr\xe1tica. As solu\xe7\xf5es dessas equa\xe7\xf5es seguem ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"strong",href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterative_method"},"processos iterativos")),", em que s\xe3o atribu\xeddos valores estimados (ou iniciais) para as barras com tens\xf5es desconhecidas e, baseado na pot\xeancia ativa e reativa e m\xf3dulo da tens\xe3o especificados, calcula-se por meio das equa\xe7\xf5es previamente apresentadas as novas tens\xf5es complexas em cada n\xf3 do sistema."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Na sequ\xeancia, esse conjunto de valores para as tens\xf5es em cada barra \xe9 utilizado para novamente calcular outro grupo de tens\xf5es. Cada c\xe1lculo de um novo conjunto de tens\xf5es \xe9 chamado itera\xe7\xe3o. O processo iterativo \xe9 repetido at\xe9 que as mudan\xe7as em todas as barras sejam menores do que um valor pr\xe9-estipulado, obtendo assim a converg\xeancia."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"execu\xe7\xe3o-do-fluxo-de-carga-no-psp-ufu"},"Execu\xe7\xe3o do fluxo de carga no PSP-UFU"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Ap\xf3s a constru\xe7\xe3o do diagrama unifilar no ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerEditor"},"editor de pot\xeancia"),", a execu\xe7\xe3o do fluxo de carga \xe9 realizada no ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"mainScreen#menu-ribbon"},"menu Simula\xe7\xe3o")," clicando no bot\xe3o ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Fluxo de carga"),"."),(0,n.kt)("div",null,(0,n.kt)("center",null,(0,n.kt)("img",{src:(0,p.Z)("images/menuSimulationPF.svg"),alt:"Menu Simula\xe7\xe3o",title:"Menu Simula\xe7\xe3o"}))),(0,n.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-tip alert alert--success"},(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,n.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,n.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"12",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 12 16"},(0,n.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M6.5 0C3.48 0 1 2.19 1 5c0 .92.55 2.25 1 3 1.34 2.25 1.78 2.78 2 4v1h5v-1c.22-1.22.66-1.75 2-4 .45-.75 1-2.08 1-3 0-2.81-2.48-5-5.5-5zm3.64 7.48c-.25.44-.47.8-.67 1.11-.86 1.41-1.25 2.06-1.45 3.23-.02.05-.02.11-.02.17H5c0-.06 0-.13-.02-.17-.2-1.17-.59-1.83-1.45-3.23-.2-.31-.42-.67-.67-1.11C2.44 6.78 2 5.65 2 5c0-2.2 2.02-4 4.5-4 1.22 0 2.36.42 3.22 1.19C10.55 2.94 11 3.94 11 5c0 .66-.44 1.78-.86 2.48zM4 14h5c-.23 1.14-1.3 2-2.5 2s-2.27-.86-2.5-2z"}))),"Dica")),(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Caso o fluxo de carga tenha sido executado com sucesso, as setas de pot\xeancia ser\xe3o exibidas, a barra de status indicar\xe1 sucesso na opera\xe7\xe3o e os ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"text"},"elementos de texto")," ser\xe3o atualizados."))),(0,n.kt)("p",null,(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Outra possibilidade")," \xe9 a execu\xe7\xe3o por meio do c\xe1lculo cont\xednuo, tamb\xe9m presente no ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"mainScreen#menu-ribbon"},"menu Simula\xe7\xe3o")," e seu acionamento \xe9 realizado co clicar no bot\xe3o ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Habilitar solu\xe7\xe3o"),". Com essa op\xe7\xe3o, os c\xe1lculos est\xe1ticos selecionados nas ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"simulationConfig"},"configura\xe7\xf5es de simula\xe7\xe3o")," s\xe3o automaticamente realizados ao modificar quaisquer par\xe2metros da rede, como dados el\xe9tricos e acionamento dos disjuntores dos elementos (remo\xe7\xe3o ou inser\xe7\xe3o)."),(0,n.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"},(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,n.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,n.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"16",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 16 16"},(0,n.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"}))),"Aten\xe7\xe3o!")),(0,n.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Evite construir o circuito com o c\xe1lculo cont\xednuo habilitado, uma vez que configura\xe7\xf5es tempor\xe1rias podem levar a erros de execu\xe7\xe3o da simula\xe7\xe3o."),(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Para desabilitar o c\xe1lculo cont\xednuo clique no bot\xe3o ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Desabilitar solu\xe7\xe3o"),"."))),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Os resultados do fluxo de carga s\xe3o exibidos nos ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"text"},"elementos de texto vinculado"),", ao posicionar o mouse sobre os elementos e em ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"tabularReport"},"relat\xf3rios tabulares"),"."),(0,n.kt)("h3",{id:"erros-comuns-na-execu\xe7\xe3o-do-fluxo-de-carga"},"Erros comuns na execu\xe7\xe3o do fluxo de carga"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"A seguir s\xe3o apresentados os erros mais comuns relacionados ao fluxo de carga."),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"a-seguinte-mensagem-de-erro-\xe9-exibida-o-n\xfamero-m\xe1ximo-de-itera\xe7\xf5es-foi-alcan\xe7ado"},'A seguinte mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida: "O n\xfamero m\xe1ximo de itera\xe7\xf5es foi alcan\xe7ado"'),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Essa mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida quando o m\xe9todo de solu\xe7\xe3o num\xe9rica selecionado nas ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"simulationConfig"},"configura\xe7\xf5es de simula\xe7\xe3o")," atinge o n\xfamero m\xe1ximo de itera\xe7\xf5es inserido. As seguintes situa\xe7\xf5es podem ocasionar esse erro:"),(0,n.kt)("ul",null,(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Os par\xe2metros do circuito est\xe3o incorretos"),". caso par\xe2metros muito fora dos valores padr\xe3o dos elementos el\xe9tricos sejam inseridos, o c\xe1lculo de fluxo de carga pode divergir. Verifique se os dados foram inseridos corretamente."),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Algum elemento possui par\xe2metros discrepantes dos demais"),". Caso um dos elementos inseridos possua um valor de imped\xe2ncia muito distinto dos demais, como por exemplo uma linha com imped\xe2ncia muito elevada ou uma carga muito pequena, pode levar \xe0 diverg\xeancia do m\xe9todo num\xe9rico. Nesse caso, reconsidere a necessidade de representa\xe7\xe3o desses elementos no circuito e alterne entre os m\xe9todos num\xe9ricos de solu\xe7\xe3o dispon\xedveis."),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"O n\xfamero m\xe1ximo de itera\xe7\xf5es est\xe1 muito baixo"),". Alguns circuitos exigem um n\xfamero maior de itera\xe7\xf5es, portanto altere o valor do m\xe1ximo de itera\xe7\xf5es nas ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"simulationConfig"},"configura\xe7\xf5es de simula\xe7\xe3o"),". Tamb\xe9m tente alternar entre os m\xe9todos num\xe9ricos de solu\xe7\xe3o dispon\xedveis."),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Os par\xe2metros de simula\xe7\xe3o est\xe3o inadequados"),". Caso um par\xe2metro do m\xe9todo de solu\xe7\xe3o esteja inadequado, como fator de acelera\xe7\xe3o ou toler\xe2ncia, o c\xe1lculo pode n\xe3o alcan\xe7ar a converg\xeancia. Altere esses par\xe2metros nas ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"simulationConfig"},"configura\xe7\xf5es de simula\xe7\xe3o"),".")),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"os-dados-de-sa\xedda-s\xe3o-exibidos-como-nan-ou-nan"},'Os dados de sa\xedda s\xe3o exibidos como "NaN" ou "nan"'),(0,n.kt)("p",null,'Isso ocorre devido a erros de opera\xe7\xf5es matem\xe1ticas nos c\xe1lculos de fluxo de carga. "NaN" significa ',(0,n.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"Not a Number"),"."),(0,n.kt)("ul",null,(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Algum barramento est\xe1 isolado"),". Esse erro \xe9 bastante comum e pode ocorrer ao inserir um barramento sem conect\xe1-lo ao sistema ou ao remover os elementos de ramo que conectam uma barra ao sistema. A solu\xe7\xe3o \xe9 eliminar essa barra do diagrama."),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Os par\xe2metros do circuito est\xe3o incorretos"),". caso par\xe2metros muito fora dos valores padr\xe3o dos elementos el\xe9tricos sejam inseridos, o c\xe1lculo de fluxo de carga pode divergir. Verifique se os dados foram inseridos corretamente."),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Algum elemento possui par\xe2metros discrepantes dos demais"),". Caso um dos elementos inseridos possua um valor de imped\xe2ncia muito distinto dos demais, como por exemplo uma linha com imped\xe2ncia muito elevada ou uma carga muito pequena, pode levar \xe0 diverg\xeancia do m\xe9todo num\xe9rico. Nesse caso, reconsidere a necessidade de representa\xe7\xe3o desses elementos no circuito e alterne entre os m\xe9todos num\xe9ricos de solu\xe7\xe3o dispon\xedveis.")),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"m\xe9todos-de-solu\xe7\xe3o-num\xe9rica-do-fluxo-de-carga-no-psp-ufu"},"M\xe9todos de solu\xe7\xe3o num\xe9rica do fluxo de carga no PSP-UFU"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Os m\xe9todos implementados no programa para solu\xe7\xe3o do problema de fluxo de carga no PSP-UFU s\xe3o ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Gauss-Seidel (GS)")," e ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Newton-Raphson (NR)"),". Al\xe9m desses m\xe9todos cl\xe1ssicos, um m\xe9todo h\xedbrido pode ser utilizado (definido nas ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"simulationConfig"},"configura\xe7\xf5es de simula\xe7\xe3o"),"), em que \xe9 utilizado inicialmente o GS e na sequ\xeancia o NR, aumentando a chance de converg\xeancia do NR."),(0,n.kt)("h3",{id:"gauss-seidel"},"Gauss-Seidel"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"O m\xe9todo de Gauss-Seidel tem sido bastante utilizado nas \xfaltimas d\xe9cadas para solu\xe7\xe3o do problema de fluxo de carga, uma vez que n\xe3o h\xe1 a necessidade de fatorar a matrizes, reduzindo o esfor\xe7o computacional. Atualmente, restri\xe7\xf5es computacionais s\xe3o menos problem\xe1ticas e outros m\xe9todos s\xe3o normalmente escolhidos, por\xe9m o Gauss-Seidel ainda possui valor did\xe1tico e, visto que o PSP-UFU tamb\xe9m possui fins educacionais, optou-se pela implementa\xe7\xe3o desse m\xe9todo."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Para iniciar as itera\xe7\xf5es do m\xe9todo s\xe3o necess\xe1rios valores iniciais para as tens\xf5es (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("msubsup",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mover",{parentName:"msubsup",accent:"true"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mover"},"V"),(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mover"},"\u02d9")),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msubsup"},"i"),(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"msubsup"},"0"))),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\dot{V}_i^0")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"1.1789em",verticalAlign:"-0.2587em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord accent"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.9202em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-3em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.22222em"}},"V")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-3.2523em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"accent-body",style:{left:"-0.1389em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"\u02d9"))))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"msupsub"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8141em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.4413em",marginLeft:"-0.2222em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"i"))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-3.063em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},"0")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.2587em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"})))))))))),") que devem ser calculadas. Normalmente para barras do tipo PQ tem-se ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("msubsup",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mover",{parentName:"msubsup",accent:"true"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mover"},"V"),(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mover"},"\u02d9")),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msubsup"},"i"),(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"msubsup"},"0")),(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow"},"="),(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"1"),(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",separator:"true",lspace:"0em",rspace:"0em"},","),(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"0"),(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow"},"+"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"j"),(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"0"),(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",separator:"true",lspace:"0em",rspace:"0em"},","),(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"0"),(0,n.kt)("mtext",{parentName:"mrow"},"\xa0"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"."),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},".")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\dot{V}_i^0=1{,}0+j0{,}0~p.u.")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"1.1789em",verticalAlign:"-0.2587em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord 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A barra de refer\xeancia tem o m\xf3dulo e \xe2ngulo de tens\xe3o fixos e n\xe3o participam no processo iterativo."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"O m\xe9todo de Gauss-Seidel mostra um ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"n\xfamero excessivo de itera\xe7\xf5es")," e, com o intuito reduzi-los, multiplicam-se as corre\xe7\xf5es de tens\xf5es por uma constante. Essa opera\xe7\xe3o amplia o valor da corre\xe7\xe3o, trazendo a tens\xe3o para mais perto do valor do valor final. Os multiplicadores que realizam essa converg\xeancia melhorada s\xe3o chamados de fatores de acelera\xe7\xe3o. Para qualquer sistema existem valores \xf3timos para os fatores de acelera\xe7\xe3o e uma escolha inadequada pode resultar em uma converg\xeancia mais lenta ou torn\xe1-la imposs\xedvel. Normalmente \xe9 utilizado um fator de acelera\xe7\xe3o igual a 1,6, valor definido como padr\xe3o no programa. 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",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Matriz Jacobiana")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Com a equa\xe7\xe3o acima \xe9 poss\xedvel calcular os valores de ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"\u0394"),(0,n.kt)("msubsup",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msubsup"},"x"),(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"msubsup"},"1"),(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"msubsup"},(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",stretchy:"false"},"("),(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"0"),(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",stretchy:"false"},")")))),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\Delta 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Entretanto, esses valores somados \xe0s estimativas iniciais n\xe3o determinam a solu\xe7\xe3o correta, sendo necess\xe1rio repetir o processo de determina\xe7\xe3o das constantes, forma\xe7\xe3o da matriz jacobiana e solu\xe7\xe3o da equa\xe7\xe3o acima, o qual ser\xe1 refeito determinando novas estimativas ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math 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satisfa\xe7am uma precis\xe3o escolhida."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Para aplicar o m\xe9todo de Newton-Raphson \xe0 solu\xe7\xe3o das equa\xe7\xf5es do fluxo de carga, utiliza-se as equa\xe7\xf5es que representam as pot\xeancias ativa e reativa injetadas em uma barra."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Assim como no m\xe9todo de Gauss-Seidel, a barra de refer\xeancia \xe9 omitida da solu\xe7\xe3o iterativa para determinar as tens\xf5es, pois a tens\xe3o complexa dessa barra \xe9 especificada. Como \xe9 conhecido o valor da pot\xeancia ativa injetada (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math 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mathnormal mtight"},"es"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"p"))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.2769em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"})))))))))),") nas barras do tipo PQ e PV, al\xe9m da pot\xeancia reativa injetada (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math 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\\text{NPQ} + \\text{NPV} \\begin{cases} ~\\\\ ~ \\end{cases}\\\\ ~\\\\ \\text{NPQ} \\begin{cases} ~\\\\ ~ \\end{cases} \\end{array} \\begin{bmatrix} \\Delta P_2\\\\ \\vdots\\\\ \\Delta P_n\\\\ \\Delta Q_2\\\\ \\vdots\\\\ \\Delta Q_n\\\\ \\end{bmatrix} = \\begin{bmatrix} \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial P_2}{\\partial \\theta_2} & \\dots & \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial P_2}{\\partial \\theta_n} & \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial P_2}{\\partial V_2} & \\dots & \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial P_2}{\\partial V_n}\\\\ \\vdots & \\ddots & \\vdots & \\vdots & \\ddots & \\vdots\\\\ \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial P_n}{\\partial \\theta_2} & \\dots & \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial P_n}{\\partial \\theta_n} & \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial P_n}{\\partial V_2} & \\dots & \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial P_n}{\\partial V_n}\\\\ \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial Q_2}{\\partial \\theta_2} & \\dots & \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial Q_2}{\\partial \\theta_n} & \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial Q_2}{\\partial V_2} & \\dots & \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial Q_2}{\\partial V_n}\\\\ \\vdots & \\ddots & \\vdots & \\vdots & \\ddots & \\vdots\\\\ \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial Q_n}{\\partial \\theta_2} & \\dots & \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial Q_n}{\\partial \\theta_n} & \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial Q_n}{\\partial V_2} & \\dots & \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial Q_n}{\\partial V_n} \\end{bmatrix} \\begin{bmatrix} \\Delta \\theta_2\\\\ \\vdots\\\\ \\Delta \\theta_2\\\\ \\Delta V_2\\\\ \\vdots\\\\ \\Delta V_n\\\\ 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mathnormal mtight"},"c"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"a"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight",style:{marginRight:"0.01968em"}},"l"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"c"))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.2587em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"})))))))))),") para as barras PQ e PV e as pot\xeancias reativas (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("msubsup",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msubsup"},"Q"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msubsup"},"i"),(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"msubsup"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"c"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"a"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"l"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"c")))),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"Q_i^{calc}")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"1.1078em",verticalAlign:"-0.2587em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord 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mtight"},"c"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"a"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight",style:{marginRight:"0.01968em"}},"l"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"c"))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.2587em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"})))))))))),") para as barras PQ, ambas as equa\xe7\xf5es utilizando as estimativas iniciais das tens\xf5es complexas. Calcula-se, ent\xe3o, as corre\xe7\xf5es de pot\xeancia (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"\u0394"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"P")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\Delta P")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.6833em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"\u0394"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.13889em"}},"P")))))," e 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mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.22222em"}},"V"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"msupsub"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"1.0448em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.4231em",marginLeft:"-0.2222em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"i"))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-3.2198em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mopen mtight"},"("),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight",style:{marginRight:"0.03588em"}},"v"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mclose mtight"},")"))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.2769em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"}))))))))))),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"O processo \xe9 ent\xe3o reiniciado e ser\xe1 repetido at\xe9 que se obtenha a converg\xeancia, quando as corre\xe7\xf5es se tornam t\xe3o pequenas que satisfa\xe7am uma toler\xe2ncia pr\xe9-estipulada."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"O fluxograma abaixo mostra o m\xe9todo de Newton-Raphson para solu\xe7\xe3o do fluxo de carga implementado."),(0,n.kt)("div",null,(0,n.kt)("center",null,(0,n.kt)("img",{src:(0,p.Z)("images/newtonRaphson.svg"),alt:"M\xe9todo num\xe9rico de Newton-Raphson para fluxo de carga",title:"M\xe9todo num\xe9rico de Newton-Raphson para fluxo de carga"}))),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"controles-e-limites-em-um-problema-de-fluxo-de-carga"},"Controles e limites em um problema de fluxo de carga"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Nas barras de ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"syncGenerator"},"gera\xe7\xe3o")," e tamb\xe9m naquelas em que se encontra um ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"syncMotor"},"compensador s\xedncrono")," conectado, o controle da magnitude da tens\xe3o no barramento \xe9 realizado por meio do ajuste da corrente de campo das m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas, as quais podem operar sobrexcitadas (injetando reativos) ou subexcitadas (absorvendo reativos). Os valores limites de pot\xeancia reativa que podem ser injetadas ou absorvidas dependem da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona em estudo. Esses limites s\xe3o inclu\xeddos no fluxo de carga com a cria\xe7\xe3o de dois novos par\xe2metros, a pot\xeancia reativa m\xe1xima (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math 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mathnormal"},"Q"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"msupsub"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8491em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.4413em",marginLeft:"0em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"i"))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-3.063em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"m"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord accent mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.6944em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.7em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"a")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.7em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"accent-body",style:{left:"-0.25em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},"\u02ca"))))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"x"))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.2587em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"})))))))))),") e pot\xeancia reativa m\xednima (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("msubsup",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msubsup"},"Q"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msubsup"},"i"),(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"msubsup"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"m"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"i"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"n")))),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"Q_i^{min}")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"1.0833em",verticalAlign:"-0.2587em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"Q"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"msupsub"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8247em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.4413em",marginLeft:"0em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"i"))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-3.063em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"min"))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.2587em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"})))))))))),"), sendo esses valores a soma dos limites individuais das m\xe1quinas em uma mesma barra gen\xe9rica ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"i")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"i")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.6595em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"i"))))),"."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"A manuten\xe7\xe3o da pot\xeancia reativa dentro dos limites \xe9 realizada pela troca do tipo de barra, ou seja, as barras violadoras que controlam a tens\xe3o (PV), passam a ser barras de carga (PQ), cuja pot\xeancia \xe9 fixada como o limite que seria ultrapassado (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("msubsup",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msubsup"},"Q"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msubsup"},"i"),(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"msubsup"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"m"),(0,n.kt)("mover",{parentName:"mrow",accent:"true"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mover"},"a"),(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mover"},"\u02ca")),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"x")))),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"Q_i^{m\xe1x}")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"1.1078em",verticalAlign:"-0.2587em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord 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mtight"},"m"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord accent mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.6944em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.7em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"a")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.7em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"accent-body",style:{left:"-0.25em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},"\u02ca"))))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal 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mathnormal"},"Q"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"msupsub"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8247em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.4413em",marginLeft:"0em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"i"))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-3.063em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"min"))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.2587em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"})))))))))),") e a tens\xe3o deixa de ser controlada partir de ent\xe3o."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"A verifica\xe7\xe3o de viola\xe7\xe3o e troca de tipo de barra pode ser realizada a cada itera\xe7\xe3o ou ao final da converg\xeancia do c\xe1lculo. No PSP-UFU foi implementada a \xfaltima estrat\xe9gia, uma vez que separa os conceitos de c\xe1lculo e de verifica\xe7\xe3o de limites, tornando mais f\xe1cil o desenvolvimento de novos m\xe9todos num\xe9ricos e limites. Nessa abordagem, ao ajustar o sistema para a nova situa\xe7\xe3o n\xe3o violadora o c\xe1lculo iterativo deve ser retomado at\xe9 que obtenha novamente a converg\xeancia."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"refer\xeancias"},"Refer\xeancias"),(0,n.kt)("ol",null,(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"MONTICELLI, A. J. Fluxo de Carga em Redes de Energia El\xe9trica. S\xe3o Paulo: Edgar Bl\xfccher, 1983."),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"STEVENSON JR.; WILLIAN, D. Elementos de An\xe1lise de Sistemas de Pot\xeancia. 2\xaa ed. S\xe3o Paulo: McGraw-Hill, 1986."),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"MILANO, F. Power System Modelling and Scripting. London: Springer, 2010. doi: ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13669-6"},"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13669-6")),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"ARRILLAGA, J.; WATSON, N. R. Computer Modelling of Electrical Power Systems. Wiley & Sons, New York, 2001. doi: ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118878286"},"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118878286")),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"TINNEY, W. F.; HART, C. E. Power Flow Solution by Newton\u2019s Method. IEEE Transaction on Power Apparatus and Systems, v. 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vlist-t2"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3117em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.55em",marginLeft:"0em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"i")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"}))))))))))," s\xe3o calculados.")),(0,n.kt)("admonition",{title:"Informa\xe7\xe3o",type:"info"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"As ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"barras PQ")," geralmente s\xe3o representadas pelos barramentos de carga, os quais n\xe3o h\xe1 gera\xe7\xe3o e controle de tens\xe3o."),(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"As ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"barras PV")," se caracterizam pelo controle de tens\xe3o mediante a inje\xe7\xe3o ou absor\xe7\xe3o de pot\xeancia reativa por meio do controle da excita\xe7\xe3o de uma m\xe1quina s\xedncrona."),(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"A ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"barra de Refer\xeancia")," (ou de folga, de oscila\xe7\xe3o) tem como fun\xe7\xe3o, assim como o pr\xf3prio nome diz, servir de refer\xeancia de tens\xe3o e \xe2ngulo do sistema. Essa barra \xe9 necessariamente geradora, uma vez que ela \xe9 respons\xe1vel pelo equil\xedbrio do balan\xe7o de pot\xeancia do sistema.")),(0,n.kt)("admonition",{title:"Aten\xe7\xe3o!",type:"caution"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"O tipo de barra deve ser definido no ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"bus"},"elemento barramento"),"."),(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Note que ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"o sistema deve possuir somente uma barra de refer\xeancia"),".")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Como mencionado anteriormente, as equa\xe7\xf5es s\xe3o n\xe3o-lineares e a solu\xe7\xe3o anal\xedtica n\xe3o \xe9 pr\xe1tica. As solu\xe7\xf5es dessas equa\xe7\xf5es seguem ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"strong",href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterative_method"},"processos iterativos")),", em que s\xe3o atribu\xeddos valores estimados (ou iniciais) para as barras com tens\xf5es desconhecidas e, baseado na pot\xeancia ativa e reativa e m\xf3dulo da tens\xe3o especificados, calcula-se por meio das equa\xe7\xf5es previamente apresentadas as novas tens\xf5es complexas em cada n\xf3 do sistema."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Na sequ\xeancia, esse conjunto de valores para as tens\xf5es em cada barra \xe9 utilizado para novamente calcular outro grupo de tens\xf5es. Cada c\xe1lculo de um novo conjunto de tens\xf5es \xe9 chamado itera\xe7\xe3o. O processo iterativo \xe9 repetido at\xe9 que as mudan\xe7as em todas as barras sejam menores do que um valor pr\xe9-estipulado, obtendo assim a converg\xeancia."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"execu\xe7\xe3o-do-fluxo-de-carga-no-psp-ufu"},"Execu\xe7\xe3o do fluxo de carga no PSP-UFU"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Ap\xf3s a constru\xe7\xe3o do diagrama unifilar no ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerEditor"},"editor de pot\xeancia"),", a execu\xe7\xe3o do fluxo de carga \xe9 realizada no ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"mainScreen#menu-ribbon"},"menu Simula\xe7\xe3o")," clicando no bot\xe3o ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Fluxo de carga"),"."),(0,n.kt)("div",null,(0,n.kt)("center",null,(0,n.kt)("img",{src:(0,p.Z)("images/menuSimulationPF.svg"),alt:"Menu Simula\xe7\xe3o",title:"Menu Simula\xe7\xe3o"}))),(0,n.kt)("admonition",{title:"Dica",type:"tip"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Caso o fluxo de carga tenha sido executado com sucesso, as setas de pot\xeancia ser\xe3o exibidas, a barra de status indicar\xe1 sucesso na opera\xe7\xe3o e os ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"text"},"elementos de texto")," ser\xe3o atualizados.")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Outra possibilidade")," \xe9 a execu\xe7\xe3o por meio do c\xe1lculo cont\xednuo, tamb\xe9m presente no ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"mainScreen#menu-ribbon"},"menu Simula\xe7\xe3o")," e seu acionamento \xe9 realizado co clicar no bot\xe3o ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Habilitar solu\xe7\xe3o"),". Com essa op\xe7\xe3o, os c\xe1lculos est\xe1ticos selecionados nas ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"simulationConfig"},"configura\xe7\xf5es de simula\xe7\xe3o")," s\xe3o automaticamente realizados ao modificar quaisquer par\xe2metros da rede, como dados el\xe9tricos e acionamento dos disjuntores dos elementos (remo\xe7\xe3o ou inser\xe7\xe3o)."),(0,n.kt)("admonition",{title:"Aten\xe7\xe3o!",type:"caution"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Evite construir o circuito com o c\xe1lculo cont\xednuo habilitado, uma vez que configura\xe7\xf5es tempor\xe1rias podem levar a erros de execu\xe7\xe3o da simula\xe7\xe3o."),(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Para desabilitar o c\xe1lculo cont\xednuo clique no bot\xe3o ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Desabilitar solu\xe7\xe3o"),".")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Os resultados do fluxo de carga s\xe3o exibidos nos ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"text"},"elementos de texto vinculado"),", ao posicionar o mouse sobre os elementos e em ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"tabularReport"},"relat\xf3rios tabulares"),"."),(0,n.kt)("h3",{id:"erros-comuns-na-execu\xe7\xe3o-do-fluxo-de-carga"},"Erros comuns na execu\xe7\xe3o do fluxo de carga"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"A seguir s\xe3o apresentados os erros mais comuns relacionados ao fluxo de carga."),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"a-seguinte-mensagem-de-erro-\xe9-exibida-o-n\xfamero-m\xe1ximo-de-itera\xe7\xf5es-foi-alcan\xe7ado"},'A seguinte mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida: "O n\xfamero m\xe1ximo de itera\xe7\xf5es foi alcan\xe7ado"'),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Essa mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida quando o m\xe9todo de solu\xe7\xe3o num\xe9rica selecionado nas ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"simulationConfig"},"configura\xe7\xf5es de simula\xe7\xe3o")," atinge o n\xfamero m\xe1ximo de itera\xe7\xf5es inserido. As seguintes situa\xe7\xf5es podem ocasionar esse erro:"),(0,n.kt)("ul",null,(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Os par\xe2metros do circuito est\xe3o incorretos"),". caso par\xe2metros muito fora dos valores padr\xe3o dos elementos el\xe9tricos sejam inseridos, o c\xe1lculo de fluxo de carga pode divergir. Verifique se os dados foram inseridos corretamente."),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Algum elemento possui par\xe2metros discrepantes dos demais"),". Caso um dos elementos inseridos possua um valor de imped\xe2ncia muito distinto dos demais, como por exemplo uma linha com imped\xe2ncia muito elevada ou uma carga muito pequena, pode levar \xe0 diverg\xeancia do m\xe9todo num\xe9rico. Nesse caso, reconsidere a necessidade de representa\xe7\xe3o desses elementos no circuito e alterne entre os m\xe9todos num\xe9ricos de solu\xe7\xe3o dispon\xedveis."),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"O n\xfamero m\xe1ximo de itera\xe7\xf5es est\xe1 muito baixo"),". Alguns circuitos exigem um n\xfamero maior de itera\xe7\xf5es, portanto altere o valor do m\xe1ximo de itera\xe7\xf5es nas ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"simulationConfig"},"configura\xe7\xf5es de simula\xe7\xe3o"),". Tamb\xe9m tente alternar entre os m\xe9todos num\xe9ricos de solu\xe7\xe3o dispon\xedveis."),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Os par\xe2metros de simula\xe7\xe3o est\xe3o inadequados"),". Caso um par\xe2metro do m\xe9todo de solu\xe7\xe3o esteja inadequado, como fator de acelera\xe7\xe3o ou toler\xe2ncia, o c\xe1lculo pode n\xe3o alcan\xe7ar a converg\xeancia. Altere esses par\xe2metros nas ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"simulationConfig"},"configura\xe7\xf5es de simula\xe7\xe3o"),".")),(0,n.kt)("h4",{id:"os-dados-de-sa\xedda-s\xe3o-exibidos-como-nan-ou-nan"},'Os dados de sa\xedda s\xe3o exibidos como "NaN" ou "nan"'),(0,n.kt)("p",null,'Isso ocorre devido a erros de opera\xe7\xf5es matem\xe1ticas nos c\xe1lculos de fluxo de carga. "NaN" significa ',(0,n.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"Not a Number"),"."),(0,n.kt)("ul",null,(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Algum barramento est\xe1 isolado"),". Esse erro \xe9 bastante comum e pode ocorrer ao inserir um barramento sem conect\xe1-lo ao sistema ou ao remover os elementos de ramo que conectam uma barra ao sistema. A solu\xe7\xe3o \xe9 eliminar essa barra do diagrama."),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Os par\xe2metros do circuito est\xe3o incorretos"),". caso par\xe2metros muito fora dos valores padr\xe3o dos elementos el\xe9tricos sejam inseridos, o c\xe1lculo de fluxo de carga pode divergir. Verifique se os dados foram inseridos corretamente."),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Algum elemento possui par\xe2metros discrepantes dos demais"),". Caso um dos elementos inseridos possua um valor de imped\xe2ncia muito distinto dos demais, como por exemplo uma linha com imped\xe2ncia muito elevada ou uma carga muito pequena, pode levar \xe0 diverg\xeancia do m\xe9todo num\xe9rico. Nesse caso, reconsidere a necessidade de representa\xe7\xe3o desses elementos no circuito e alterne entre os m\xe9todos num\xe9ricos de solu\xe7\xe3o dispon\xedveis.")),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"m\xe9todos-de-solu\xe7\xe3o-num\xe9rica-do-fluxo-de-carga-no-psp-ufu"},"M\xe9todos de solu\xe7\xe3o num\xe9rica do fluxo de carga no PSP-UFU"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Os m\xe9todos implementados no programa para solu\xe7\xe3o do problema de fluxo de carga no PSP-UFU s\xe3o ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Gauss-Seidel (GS)")," e ",(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Newton-Raphson (NR)"),". Al\xe9m desses m\xe9todos cl\xe1ssicos, um m\xe9todo h\xedbrido pode ser utilizado (definido nas ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"simulationConfig"},"configura\xe7\xf5es de simula\xe7\xe3o"),"), em que \xe9 utilizado inicialmente o GS e na sequ\xeancia o NR, aumentando a chance de converg\xeancia do NR."),(0,n.kt)("h3",{id:"gauss-seidel"},"Gauss-Seidel"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"O m\xe9todo de Gauss-Seidel tem sido bastante utilizado nas \xfaltimas d\xe9cadas para solu\xe7\xe3o do problema de fluxo de carga, uma vez que n\xe3o h\xe1 a necessidade de fatorar a matrizes, reduzindo o esfor\xe7o computacional. Atualmente, restri\xe7\xf5es computacionais s\xe3o menos problem\xe1ticas e outros m\xe9todos s\xe3o normalmente escolhidos, por\xe9m o Gauss-Seidel ainda possui valor did\xe1tico e, visto que o PSP-UFU tamb\xe9m possui fins educacionais, optou-se pela implementa\xe7\xe3o desse m\xe9todo."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Para iniciar as itera\xe7\xf5es do m\xe9todo s\xe3o necess\xe1rios valores iniciais para as tens\xf5es (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("msubsup",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mover",{parentName:"msubsup",accent:"true"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mover"},"V"),(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mover"},"\u02d9")),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msubsup"},"i"),(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"msubsup"},"0"))),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\dot{V}_i^0")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"1.1789em",verticalAlign:"-0.2587em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord accent"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.9202em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-3em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.22222em"}},"V")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-3.2523em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"accent-body",style:{left:"-0.1389em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"\u02d9"))))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"msupsub"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8141em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.4413em",marginLeft:"-0.2222em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"i"))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-3.063em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},"0")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.2587em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"})))))))))),") que devem ser calculadas. Normalmente para barras do tipo PQ tem-se ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("msubsup",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mover",{parentName:"msubsup",accent:"true"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mover"},"V"),(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mover"},"\u02d9")),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msubsup"},"i"),(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"msubsup"},"0")),(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow"},"="),(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"1"),(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",separator:"true",lspace:"0em",rspace:"0em"},","),(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"0"),(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow"},"+"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"j"),(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"0"),(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",separator:"true",lspace:"0em",rspace:"0em"},","),(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"0"),(0,n.kt)("mtext",{parentName:"mrow"},"\xa0"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"."),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},".")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\dot{V}_i^0=1{,}0+j0{,}0~p.u.")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"1.1789em",verticalAlign:"-0.2587em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord 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mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.05724em"}},"j"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"0"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mpunct"},",")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"0"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace nobreak"},"\xa0"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"p"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"u"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},".")))))," e para barras do tipo PV ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math 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","[p.u.]",", em que ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math 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satisfa\xe7am uma precis\xe3o escolhida."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Para aplicar o m\xe9todo de Newton-Raphson \xe0 solu\xe7\xe3o das equa\xe7\xf5es do fluxo de carga, utiliza-se as equa\xe7\xf5es que representam as pot\xeancias ativa e reativa injetadas em uma barra."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Assim como no m\xe9todo de Gauss-Seidel, a barra de refer\xeancia \xe9 omitida da solu\xe7\xe3o iterativa para determinar as tens\xf5es, pois a tens\xe3o complexa dessa barra \xe9 especificada. Como \xe9 conhecido o valor da pot\xeancia ativa injetada (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math 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mathnormal mtight"},"es"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"p"))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.2769em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"})))))))))),") nas barras do tipo PQ e PV, al\xe9m da pot\xeancia reativa injetada (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("msubsup",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msubsup"},"Q"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msubsup"},"i"),(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"msubsup"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"e"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"s"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p")))),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"Q_i^{esp}")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"1.0592em",verticalAlign:"-0.2769em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord 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math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("msubsup",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msubsup"},"P"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msubsup"},"i"),(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"msubsup"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"e"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"s"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p")))),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"P_i^{esp}")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"1.0592em",verticalAlign:"-0.2769em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord 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Os valores estimados do m\xf3dulo e \xe2ngulo da tens\xe3o correspondem aos valores estimados para ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("msub",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msub"},"x"),(0,n.kt)("mn",{parentName:"msub"},"1"))),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"x_1")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.5806em",verticalAlign:"-0.15em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord 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\\text{NPQ} + \\text{NPV} \\begin{cases} ~\\\\ ~ \\end{cases}\\\\ ~\\\\ \\text{NPQ} \\begin{cases} ~\\\\ ~ \\end{cases} \\end{array} \\begin{bmatrix} \\Delta P_2\\\\ \\vdots\\\\ \\Delta P_n\\\\ \\Delta Q_2\\\\ \\vdots\\\\ \\Delta Q_n\\\\ \\end{bmatrix} = \\begin{bmatrix} \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial P_2}{\\partial \\theta_2} & \\dots & \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial P_2}{\\partial \\theta_n} & \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial P_2}{\\partial V_2} & \\dots & \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial P_2}{\\partial V_n}\\\\ \\vdots & \\ddots & \\vdots & \\vdots & \\ddots & \\vdots\\\\ \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial P_n}{\\partial \\theta_2} & \\dots & \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial P_n}{\\partial \\theta_n} & \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial P_n}{\\partial V_2} & \\dots & \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial P_n}{\\partial V_n}\\\\ \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial Q_2}{\\partial \\theta_2} & \\dots & \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial Q_2}{\\partial \\theta_n} & \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial Q_2}{\\partial V_2} & \\dots & \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial Q_2}{\\partial V_n}\\\\ \\vdots & \\ddots & \\vdots & \\vdots & \\ddots & \\vdots\\\\ \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial Q_n}{\\partial \\theta_2} & \\dots & \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial Q_n}{\\partial \\theta_n} & \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial Q_n}{\\partial V_2} & \\dots & \\displaystyle\\frac{\\partial Q_n}{\\partial V_n} \\end{bmatrix} \\begin{bmatrix} \\Delta \\theta_2\\\\ \\vdots\\\\ \\Delta \\theta_2\\\\ \\Delta V_2\\\\ \\vdots\\\\ \\Delta V_n\\\\ 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mathnormal mtight"},"c"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"a"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight",style:{marginRight:"0.01968em"}},"l"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"c"))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.2587em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"})))))))))),") para as barras PQ e PV e as pot\xeancias reativas (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("msubsup",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msubsup"},"Q"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msubsup"},"i"),(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"msubsup"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"c"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"a"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"l"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"c")))),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"Q_i^{calc}")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"1.1078em",verticalAlign:"-0.2587em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord 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mtight"},"c"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"a"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight",style:{marginRight:"0.01968em"}},"l"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"c"))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.2587em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"})))))))))),") para as barras PQ, ambas as equa\xe7\xf5es utilizando as estimativas iniciais das tens\xf5es complexas. Calcula-se, ent\xe3o, as corre\xe7\xf5es de pot\xeancia (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"\u0394"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"P")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\Delta P")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.6833em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"\u0394"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.13889em"}},"P")))))," e 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mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.22222em"}},"V"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"msupsub"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"1.0448em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.4231em",marginLeft:"-0.2222em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"i"))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-3.2198em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mopen mtight"},"("),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight",style:{marginRight:"0.03588em"}},"v"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mclose mtight"},")"))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.2769em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"}))))))))))),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"O processo \xe9 ent\xe3o reiniciado e ser\xe1 repetido at\xe9 que se obtenha a converg\xeancia, quando as corre\xe7\xf5es se tornam t\xe3o pequenas que satisfa\xe7am uma toler\xe2ncia pr\xe9-estipulada."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"O fluxograma abaixo mostra o m\xe9todo de Newton-Raphson para solu\xe7\xe3o do fluxo de carga implementado."),(0,n.kt)("div",null,(0,n.kt)("center",null,(0,n.kt)("img",{src:(0,p.Z)("images/newtonRaphson.svg"),alt:"M\xe9todo num\xe9rico de Newton-Raphson para fluxo de carga",title:"M\xe9todo num\xe9rico de Newton-Raphson para fluxo de carga"}))),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"controles-e-limites-em-um-problema-de-fluxo-de-carga"},"Controles e limites em um problema de fluxo de carga"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Nas barras de ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"syncGenerator"},"gera\xe7\xe3o")," e tamb\xe9m naquelas em que se encontra um ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"syncMotor"},"compensador s\xedncrono")," conectado, o controle da magnitude da tens\xe3o no barramento \xe9 realizado por meio do ajuste da corrente de campo das m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas, as quais podem operar sobrexcitadas (injetando reativos) ou subexcitadas (absorvendo reativos). Os valores limites de pot\xeancia reativa que podem ser injetadas ou absorvidas dependem da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona em estudo. Esses limites s\xe3o inclu\xeddos no fluxo de carga com a cria\xe7\xe3o de dois novos par\xe2metros, a pot\xeancia reativa m\xe1xima (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math 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mathnormal"},"Q"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"msupsub"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8491em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.4413em",marginLeft:"0em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"i"))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-3.063em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"m"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord accent mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.6944em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.7em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"a")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.7em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"accent-body",style:{left:"-0.25em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},"\u02ca"))))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"x"))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.2587em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"})))))))))),") e pot\xeancia reativa m\xednima (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("msubsup",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msubsup"},"Q"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msubsup"},"i"),(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"msubsup"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"m"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"i"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"n")))),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"Q_i^{min}")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"1.0833em",verticalAlign:"-0.2587em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"Q"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"msupsub"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8247em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.4413em",marginLeft:"0em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"i"))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-3.063em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"min"))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.2587em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"})))))))))),"), sendo esses valores a soma dos limites individuais das m\xe1quinas em uma mesma barra gen\xe9rica ",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"i")),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"i")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.6595em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"i"))))),"."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"A manuten\xe7\xe3o da pot\xeancia reativa dentro dos limites \xe9 realizada pela troca do tipo de barra, ou seja, as barras violadoras que controlam a tens\xe3o (PV), passam a ser barras de carga (PQ), cuja pot\xeancia \xe9 fixada como o limite que seria ultrapassado (",(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,n.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,n.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,n.kt)("msubsup",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msubsup"},"Q"),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msubsup"},"i"),(0,n.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"msubsup"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"m"),(0,n.kt)("mover",{parentName:"mrow",accent:"true"},(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mover"},"a"),(0,n.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mover"},"\u02ca")),(0,n.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"x")))),(0,n.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"Q_i^{m\xe1x}")))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"1.1078em",verticalAlign:"-0.2587em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord 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mtight"},"m"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord accent mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.6944em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.7em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"a")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.7em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"accent-body",style:{left:"-0.25em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},"\u02ca"))))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal 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mathnormal"},"Q"),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"msupsub"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8247em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.4413em",marginLeft:"0em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"i"))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-3.063em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"min"))))),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.2587em"}},(0,n.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"})))))))))),") e a tens\xe3o deixa de ser controlada partir de ent\xe3o."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"A verifica\xe7\xe3o de viola\xe7\xe3o e troca de tipo de barra pode ser realizada a cada itera\xe7\xe3o ou ao final da converg\xeancia do c\xe1lculo. No PSP-UFU foi implementada a \xfaltima estrat\xe9gia, uma vez que separa os conceitos de c\xe1lculo e de verifica\xe7\xe3o de limites, tornando mais f\xe1cil o desenvolvimento de novos m\xe9todos num\xe9ricos e limites. Nessa abordagem, ao ajustar o sistema para a nova situa\xe7\xe3o n\xe3o violadora o c\xe1lculo iterativo deve ser retomado at\xe9 que obtenha novamente a converg\xeancia."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"refer\xeancias"},"Refer\xeancias"),(0,n.kt)("ol",null,(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"MONTICELLI, A. J. Fluxo de Carga em Redes de Energia El\xe9trica. S\xe3o Paulo: Edgar Bl\xfccher, 1983."),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"STEVENSON JR.; WILLIAN, D. Elementos de An\xe1lise de Sistemas de Pot\xeancia. 2\xaa ed. S\xe3o Paulo: McGraw-Hill, 1986."),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"MILANO, F. Power System Modelling and Scripting. London: Springer, 2010. doi: ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13669-6"},"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13669-6")),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"ARRILLAGA, J.; WATSON, N. R. Computer Modelling of Electrical Power Systems. Wiley & Sons, New York, 2001. doi: ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118878286"},"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118878286")),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"TINNEY, W. F.; HART, C. E. Power Flow Solution by Newton\u2019s Method. IEEE Transaction on Power Apparatus and Systems, v. 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16"},(0,m.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M5.05.31c.81 2.17.41 3.38-.52 4.31C3.55 5.67 1.98 6.45.9 7.98c-1.45 2.05-1.7 6.53 3.53 7.7-2.2-1.16-2.67-4.52-.3-6.61-.61 2.03.53 3.33 1.94 2.86 1.39-.47 2.3.53 2.27 1.67-.02.78-.31 1.44-1.13 1.81 3.42-.59 4.78-3.42 4.78-5.56 0-2.84-2.53-3.22-1.25-5.61-1.52.13-2.03 1.13-1.89 2.75.09 1.08-1.02 1.8-1.86 1.33-.67-.41-.66-1.19-.06-1.78C8.18 5.31 8.68 2.45 5.05.32L5.03.3l.02.01z"}))),"Cuidado!")),(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"A linha deve ser inserida entre duas barras de ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"mesma tens\xe3o nominal"),". Caso voc\xea tente inseri-la entre barras de tens\xe3o diferentes, uma mensagem de erro ser\xe1 exibida."))),(0,m.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-tip alert alert--success"},(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,m.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,m.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"12",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 12 16"},(0,m.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M6.5 0C3.48 0 1 2.19 1 5c0 .92.55 2.25 1 3 1.34 2.25 1.78 2.78 2 4v1h5v-1c.22-1.22.66-1.75 2-4 .45-.75 1-2.08 1-3 0-2.81-2.48-5-5.5-5zm3.64 7.48c-.25.44-.47.8-.67 1.11-.86 1.41-1.25 2.06-1.45 3.23-.02.05-.02.11-.02.17H5c0-.06 0-.13-.02-.17-.2-1.17-.59-1.83-1.45-3.23-.2-.31-.42-.67-.67-1.11C2.44 6.78 2 5.65 2 5c0-2.2 2.02-4 4.5-4 1.22 0 2.36.42 3.22 1.19C10.55 2.94 11 3.94 11 5c0 .66-.44 1.78-.86 2.48zM4 14h5c-.23 1.14-1.3 2-2.5 2s-2.27-.86-2.5-2z"}))),"Dica")),(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Um arranjo s\xe9rie de uma ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"line"},"linha")," sem as suscept\xe2ncias ",(0,m.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"shunt"),", um ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"bus"},"barramento")," e um ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"capacitor"},"capacitor")," pode ser utilizado para fabricar um filtro passivo nos ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"harmonics"},"estudos harm\xf4nicos"),". 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a[e]=n({},a[e]),a[e][t]?(a[e][t]=a[e][t].slice(),a[e][t].push(i)):a[e][t]=[i],this.setQueryParameters({numericRefinements:a})},getConjunctiveRefinements:function(e){return this.isConjunctiveFacet(e)&&this.facetsRefinements[e]||[]},getDisjunctiveRefinements:function(e){return this.isDisjunctiveFacet(e)&&this.disjunctiveFacetsRefinements[e]||[]},getHierarchicalRefinement:function(e){return this.hierarchicalFacetsRefinements[e]||[]},getExcludeRefinements:function(e){return this.isConjunctiveFacet(e)&&this.facetsExcludes[e]||[]},removeNumericRefinement:function(e,t,r){return void 0!==r?this.isNumericRefined(e,t,r)?this.setQueryParameters({numericRefinements:this._clearNumericRefinements((function(n,i){return i===e&&n.op===t&&l(n.val,c(r))}))}):this:void 0!==t?this.isNumericRefined(e,t)?this.setQueryParameters({numericRefinements:this._clearNumericRefinements((function(r,n){return n===e&&r.op===t}))}):this:this.isNumericRefined(e)?this.setQueryParameters({numericRefinements:this._clearNumericRefinements((function(t,r){return r===e}))}):this},getNumericRefinements:function(e){return this.numericRefinements[e]||{}},getNumericRefinement:function(e,t){return this.numericRefinements[e]&&this.numericRefinements[e][t]},_clearNumericRefinements:function(e){if(void 0===e)return o(this.numericRefinements)?{}:this.numericRefinements;if("string"==typeof e)return u(this.numericRefinements,[e]);if("function"==typeof e){var t=!1,r=this.numericRefinements,n=Object.keys(r).reduce((function(n,i){var a=r[i],s={};return a=a||{},Object.keys(a).forEach((function(r){var n=a[r]||[],c=[];n.forEach((function(t){e({val:t,op:r},i,"numeric")||c.push(t)})),c.length!==n.length&&(t=!0),s[r]=c})),n[i]=s,n}),{});return t?n:this.numericRefinements}},addFacet:function(e){return 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e=this.getRefinedDisjunctiveFacets();return this.disjunctiveFacets.filter((function(t){return-1===e.indexOf(t)}))},managedParameters:["index","facets","disjunctiveFacets","facetsRefinements","hierarchicalFacets","facetsExcludes","disjunctiveFacetsRefinements","numericRefinements","tagRefinements","hierarchicalFacetsRefinements"],getQueryParams:function(){var e=this.managedParameters,t={},r=this;return Object.keys(this).forEach((function(n){var i=r[n];-1===e.indexOf(n)&&void 0!==i&&(t[n]=i)})),t},setQueryParameter:function(e,t){if(this[e]===t)return this;var r={};return r[e]=t,this.setQueryParameters(r)},setQueryParameters:function(e){if(!e)return this;var t=m.validate(this,e);if(t)throw t;var r=this,n=m._parseNumbers(e),i=Object.keys(this).reduce((function(e,t){return e[t]=r[t],e}),{}),a=Object.keys(n).reduce((function(e,t){var r=void 0!==e[t],i=void 0!==n[t];return r&&!i?u(e,[t]):(i&&(e[t]=n[t]),e)}),i);return new this.constructor(a)},resetPage:function(){return void 0===this.page?this:this.setPage(0)},_getHierarchicalFacetSortBy:function(e){return e.sortBy||["isRefined:desc","name:asc"]},_getHierarchicalFacetSeparator:function(e){return e.separator||" > "},_getHierarchicalRootPath:function(e){return e.rootPath||null},_getHierarchicalShowParentLevel:function(e){return"boolean"!=typeof e.showParentLevel||e.showParentLevel},getHierarchicalFacetByName:function(e){return s(this.hierarchicalFacets,(function(t){return t.name===e}))},getHierarchicalFacetBreadcrumb:function(e){if(!this.isHierarchicalFacet(e))return[];var t=this.getHierarchicalRefinement(e)[0];if(!t)return[];var r=this._getHierarchicalFacetSeparator(this.getHierarchicalFacetByName(e));return t.split(r).map((function(e){return e.trim()}))},toString:function(){return JSON.stringify(this,null,2)}},e.exports=m},210:function(e,t,r){"use strict";e.exports=function(e){return function(t,r){var s=e.hierarchicalFacets[r],c=e.hierarchicalFacetsRefinements[s.name]&&e.hierarchicalFacetsRefinements[s.name][0]||"",u=e._getHierarchicalFacetSeparator(s),o=e._getHierarchicalRootPath(s),h=e._getHierarchicalShowParentLevel(s),f=a(e._getHierarchicalFacetSortBy(s)),l=t.every((function(e){return e.exhaustive})),m=function(e,t,r,a,s){return function(c,u,o){var h=c;if(o>0){var f=0;for(h=c;f-1})));if(s){var h=s.attributes.indexOf(t),f=u(e.hierarchicalFacets,(function(e){return e.name===s.name}));o.hierarchicalFacets[f][h]={attribute:t,data:i,exhaustive:a.exhaustiveFacetsCount}}else{var m,p=-1!==e.disjunctiveFacets.indexOf(t),y=-1!==e.facets.indexOf(t);p&&(m=v[t],o.disjunctiveFacets[m]={name:t,data:i,exhaustive:a.exhaustiveFacetsCount},l(o.disjunctiveFacets[m],a.facets_stats,t)),y&&(m=d[t],o.facets[m]={name:t,data:i,exhaustive:a.exhaustiveFacetsCount},l(o.facets[m],a.facets_stats,t))}})),this.hierarchicalFacets=s(this.hierarchicalFacets),m.forEach((function(r){var s=t[p],c=s&&s.facets?s.facets:{},h=e.getHierarchicalFacetByName(r);Object.keys(c).forEach((function(t){var r,f=c[t];if(h){r=u(e.hierarchicalFacets,(function(e){return e.name===h.name}));var m=u(o.hierarchicalFacets[r],(function(e){return e.attribute===t}));if(-1===m)return;o.hierarchicalFacets[r][m].data=n({},o.hierarchicalFacets[r][m].data,f)}else{r=v[t];var d=a.facets&&a.facets[t]||{};o.disjunctiveFacets[r]={name:t,data:i({},f,d),exhaustive:s.exhaustiveFacetsCount},l(o.disjunctiveFacets[r],s.facets_stats,t),e.disjunctiveFacetsRefinements[t]&&e.disjunctiveFacetsRefinements[t].forEach((function(n){!o.disjunctiveFacets[r].data[n]&&e.disjunctiveFacetsRefinements[t].indexOf(n)>-1&&(o.disjunctiveFacets[r].data[n]=0)}))}})),p++})),e.getRefinedHierarchicalFacets().forEach((function(r){var n=e.getHierarchicalFacetByName(r),a=e._getHierarchicalFacetSeparator(n),s=e.getHierarchicalRefinement(r);if(!(0===s.length||s[0].split(a).length<2)){var c=t[p],h=c&&c.facets?c.facets:{};Object.keys(h).forEach((function(t){var r=h[t],c=u(e.hierarchicalFacets,(function(e){return e.name===n.name})),f=u(o.hierarchicalFacets[c],(function(e){return e.attribute===t}));if(-1!==f){var l={};if(s.length>0){var m=s[0].split(a)[0];l[m]=o.hierarchicalFacets[c][f].data[m]}o.hierarchicalFacets[c][f].data=i(l,r,o.hierarchicalFacets[c][f].data)}})),p++}})),Object.keys(e.facetsExcludes).forEach((function(t){var r=e.facetsExcludes[t],n=d[t];o.facets[n]={name:t,data:a.facets[t],exhaustive:a.exhaustiveFacetsCount},r.forEach((function(e){o.facets[n]=o.facets[n]||{name:t},o.facets[n].data=o.facets[n].data||{},o.facets[n].data[e]=0}))})),this.hierarchicalFacets=this.hierarchicalFacets.map(h(e)),this.facets=s(this.facets),this.disjunctiveFacets=s(this.disjunctiveFacets),this._state=e}function d(e,t,r,n){if(n=n||0,Array.isArray(t))return e(t,r[n]);if(!t.data||0===t.data.length)return t;var a=t.data.map((function(t){return d(e,t,r,n+1)})),s=e(a,r[n]);return i({data:s},t)}function v(e,t){var r=c(e,(function(e){return e.name===t}));return r&&r.stats}function p(e,t,r,n,i){var a=c(i,(function(e){return e.name===r})),s=a&&a.data&&a.data[n]?a.data[n]:0,u=a&&a.exhaustive||!1;return{type:t,attributeName:r,name:n,count:s,exhaustive:u}}m.prototype.getFacetByName=function(e){function t(t){return t.name===e}return c(this.facets,t)||c(this.disjunctiveFacets,t)||c(this.hierarchicalFacets,t)},m.DEFAULT_SORT=["isRefined:desc","count:desc","name:asc"],m.prototype.getFacetValues=function(e,t){var r=function(e,t){function r(e){return e.name===t}if(e._state.isConjunctiveFacet(t)){var n=c(e.facets,r);return n?Object.keys(n.data).map((function(r){return{name:r,count:n.data[r],isRefined:e._state.isFacetRefined(t,r),isExcluded:e._state.isExcludeRefined(t,r)}})):[]}if(e._state.isDisjunctiveFacet(t)){var i=c(e.disjunctiveFacets,r);return i?Object.keys(i.data).map((function(r){return{name:r,count:i.data[r],isRefined:e._state.isDisjunctiveFacetRefined(t,r)}})):[]}if(e._state.isHierarchicalFacet(t))return c(e.hierarchicalFacets,r)}(this,e);if(r){var n,s=i({},t,{sortBy:m.DEFAULT_SORT,facetOrdering:!(t&&t.sortBy)}),u=this;if(Array.isArray(r))n=[e];else n=u._state.getHierarchicalFacetByName(r.name).attributes;return d((function(e,t){if(s.facetOrdering){var r=function(e,t){return e.renderingContent&&e.renderingContent.facetOrdering&&e.renderingContent.facetOrdering.values&&e.renderingContent.facetOrdering.values[t]}(u,t);if(Boolean(r))return function(e,t){var r=[],n=[],i=(t.order||[]).reduce((function(e,t,r){return e[t]=r,e}),{});e.forEach((function(e){var t=e.path||e.name;void 0!==i[t]?r[i[t]]=e:n.push(e)})),r=r.filter((function(e){return e}));var s,c=t.sortRemainingBy;return"hidden"===c?r:(s="alpha"===c?[["path","name"],["asc","asc"]]:[["count"],["desc"]],r.concat(a(n,s[0],s[1])))}(e,r)}if(Array.isArray(s.sortBy)){var n=o(s.sortBy,m.DEFAULT_SORT);return a(e,n[0],n[1])}if("function"==typeof s.sortBy)return function(e,t){return t.sort(e)}(s.sortBy,e);throw new Error("options.sortBy is optional but if defined it must be either an array of string (predicates) or a sorting function")}),r,n)}},m.prototype.getFacetStats=function(e){return this._state.isConjunctiveFacet(e)?v(this.facets,e):this._state.isDisjunctiveFacet(e)?v(this.disjunctiveFacets,e):void 0},m.prototype.getRefinements=function(){var e=this._state,t=this,r=[];return Object.keys(e.facetsRefinements).forEach((function(n){e.facetsRefinements[n].forEach((function(i){r.push(p(e,"facet",n,i,t.facets))}))})),Object.keys(e.facetsExcludes).forEach((function(n){e.facetsExcludes[n].forEach((function(i){r.push(p(e,"exclude",n,i,t.facets))}))})),Object.keys(e.disjunctiveFacetsRefinements).forEach((function(n){e.disjunctiveFacetsRefinements[n].forEach((function(i){r.push(p(e,"disjunctive",n,i,t.disjunctiveFacets))}))})),Object.keys(e.hierarchicalFacetsRefinements).forEach((function(n){e.hierarchicalFacetsRefinements[n].forEach((function(i){r.push(function(e,t,r,n){var i=e.getHierarchicalFacetByName(t),a=e._getHierarchicalFacetSeparator(i),s=r.split(a),u=c(n,(function(e){return e.name===t})),o=s.reduce((function(e,t){var r=e&&c(e.data,(function(e){return e.name===t}));return void 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0===this.tagFilters&&0===this.tagRefinements.length?this:this.setQueryParameters({tagFilters:void 0,tagRefinements:[]})},setIndex:function(e){return e===this.index?this:this.setQueryParameters({index:e})},setQuery:function(e){return e===this.query?this:this.setQueryParameters({query:e})},setPage:function(e){return e===this.page?this:this.setQueryParameters({page:e})},setFacets:function(e){return this.setQueryParameters({facets:e})},setDisjunctiveFacets:function(e){return this.setQueryParameters({disjunctiveFacets:e})},setHitsPerPage:function(e){return this.hitsPerPage===e?this:this.setQueryParameters({hitsPerPage:e})},setTypoTolerance:function(e){return this.typoTolerance===e?this:this.setQueryParameters({typoTolerance:e})},addNumericRefinement:function(e,t,r){var n=o(r);if(this.isNumericRefined(e,t,n))return this;var i=s({},this.numericRefinements);return i[e]=s({},i[e]),i[e][t]?(i[e][t]=i[e][t].slice(),i[e][t].push(n)):i[e][t]=[n],this.setQueryParameters({numericRefinements:i})},getConjunctiveRefinements:function(e){return this.isConjunctiveFacet(e)&&this.facetsRefinements[e]||[]},getDisjunctiveRefinements:function(e){return this.isDisjunctiveFacet(e)&&this.disjunctiveFacetsRefinements[e]||[]},getHierarchicalRefinement:function(e){return this.hierarchicalFacetsRefinements[e]||[]},getExcludeRefinements:function(e){return this.isConjunctiveFacet(e)&&this.facetsExcludes[e]||[]},removeNumericRefinement:function(e,t,r){var n=r;return void 0!==n?this.isNumericRefined(e,t,n)?this.setQueryParameters({numericRefinements:this._clearNumericRefinements((function(r,i){return i===e&&r.op===t&&l(r.val,o(n))}))}):this:void 0!==t?this.isNumericRefined(e,t)?this.setQueryParameters({numericRefinements:this._clearNumericRefinements((function(r,n){return n===e&&r.op===t}))}):this:this.isNumericRefined(e)?this.setQueryParameters({numericRefinements:this._clearNumericRefinements((function(t,r){return r===e}))}):this},getNumericRefinements:function(e){return this.numericRefinements[e]||{}},getNumericRefinement:function(e,t){return this.numericRefinements[e]&&this.numericRefinements[e][t]},_clearNumericRefinements:function(e){if(void 0===e)return c(this.numericRefinements)?{}:this.numericRefinements;if("string"==typeof e)return u(this.numericRefinements,[e]);if("function"==typeof e){var t=!1,r=this.numericRefinements,n=Object.keys(r).reduce((function(n,i){var a=r[i],s={};return a=a||{},Object.keys(a).forEach((function(r){var n=a[r]||[],c=[];n.forEach((function(t){e({val:t,op:r},i,"numeric")||c.push(t)})),c.length!==n.length&&(t=!0),s[r]=c})),n[i]=s,n}),{});return t?n:this.numericRefinements}},addFacet:function(e){return this.isConjunctiveFacet(e)?this:this.setQueryParameters({facets:this.facets.concat([e])})},addDisjunctiveFacet:function(e){return this.isDisjunctiveFacet(e)?this:this.setQueryParameters({disjunctiveFacets:this.disjunctiveFacets.concat([e])})},addHierarchicalFacet:function(e){if(this.isHierarchicalFacet(e.name))throw new Error("Cannot declare two hierarchical facets with the same name: `"+e.name+"`");return this.setQueryParameters({hierarchicalFacets:this.hierarchicalFacets.concat([e])})},addFacetRefinement:function(e,t){if(!this.isConjunctiveFacet(e))throw new Error(e+" is not defined in the facets attribute of the helper configuration");return f.isRefined(this.facetsRefinements,e,t)?this:this.setQueryParameters({facetsRefinements:f.addRefinement(this.facetsRefinements,e,t)})},addExcludeRefinement:function(e,t){if(!this.isConjunctiveFacet(e))throw new Error(e+" is not defined in the facets attribute of the helper configuration");return f.isRefined(this.facetsExcludes,e,t)?this:this.setQueryParameters({facetsExcludes:f.addRefinement(this.facetsExcludes,e,t)})},addDisjunctiveFacetRefinement:function(e,t){if(!this.isDisjunctiveFacet(e))throw new Error(e+" is not defined in the disjunctiveFacets attribute of the helper configuration");return f.isRefined(this.disjunctiveFacetsRefinements,e,t)?this:this.setQueryParameters({disjunctiveFacetsRefinements:f.addRefinement(this.disjunctiveFacetsRefinements,e,t)})},addTagRefinement:function(e){if(this.isTagRefined(e))return this;var t={tagRefinements:this.tagRefinements.concat(e)};return this.setQueryParameters(t)},removeFacet:function(e){return this.isConjunctiveFacet(e)?this.clearRefinements(e).setQueryParameters({facets:this.facets.filter((function(t){return t!==e}))}):this},removeDisjunctiveFacet:function(e){return this.isDisjunctiveFacet(e)?this.clearRefinements(e).setQueryParameters({disjunctiveFacets:this.disjunctiveFacets.filter((function(t){return t!==e}))}):this},removeHierarchicalFacet:function(e){return this.isHierarchicalFacet(e)?this.clearRefinements(e).setQueryParameters({hierarchicalFacets:this.hierarchicalFacets.filter((function(t){return t.name!==e}))}):this},removeFacetRefinement:function(e,t){if(!this.isConjunctiveFacet(e))throw new Error(e+" is not defined in the facets attribute of the helper configuration");return f.isRefined(this.facetsRefinements,e,t)?this.setQueryParameters({facetsRefinements:f.removeRefinement(this.facetsRefinements,e,t)}):this},removeExcludeRefinement:function(e,t){if(!this.isConjunctiveFacet(e))throw new Error(e+" is not defined in the facets attribute of the helper configuration");return f.isRefined(this.facetsExcludes,e,t)?this.setQueryParameters({facetsExcludes:f.removeRefinement(this.facetsExcludes,e,t)}):this},removeDisjunctiveFacetRefinement:function(e,t){if(!this.isDisjunctiveFacet(e))throw new Error(e+" is not defined in the disjunctiveFacets attribute of the helper configuration");return f.isRefined(this.disjunctiveFacetsRefinements,e,t)?this.setQueryParameters({disjunctiveFacetsRefinements:f.removeRefinement(this.disjunctiveFacetsRefinements,e,t)}):this},removeTagRefinement:function(e){if(!this.isTagRefined(e))return this;var t={tagRefinements:this.tagRefinements.filter((function(t){return t!==e}))};return this.setQueryParameters(t)},toggleRefinement:function(e,t){return this.toggleFacetRefinement(e,t)},toggleFacetRefinement:function(e,t){if(this.isHierarchicalFacet(e))return this.toggleHierarchicalFacetRefinement(e,t);if(this.isConjunctiveFacet(e))return this.toggleConjunctiveFacetRefinement(e,t);if(this.isDisjunctiveFacet(e))return this.toggleDisjunctiveFacetRefinement(e,t);throw new Error("Cannot refine the undeclared facet "+e+"; it should be added to the helper options facets, disjunctiveFacets or hierarchicalFacets")},toggleConjunctiveFacetRefinement:function(e,t){if(!this.isConjunctiveFacet(e))throw new Error(e+" is not defined in the facets attribute of the helper configuration");return this.setQueryParameters({facetsRefinements:f.toggleRefinement(this.facetsRefinements,e,t)})},toggleExcludeFacetRefinement:function(e,t){if(!this.isConjunctiveFacet(e))throw new Error(e+" is not defined in the facets attribute of the helper configuration");return this.setQueryParameters({facetsExcludes:f.toggleRefinement(this.facetsExcludes,e,t)})},toggleDisjunctiveFacetRefinement:function(e,t){if(!this.isDisjunctiveFacet(e))throw new Error(e+" is not defined in the disjunctiveFacets attribute of the helper configuration");return this.setQueryParameters({disjunctiveFacetsRefinements:f.toggleRefinement(this.disjunctiveFacetsRefinements,e,t)})},toggleHierarchicalFacetRefinement:function(e,t){if(!this.isHierarchicalFacet(e))throw new Error(e+" is not defined in the hierarchicalFacets attribute of the helper configuration");var r=this._getHierarchicalFacetSeparator(this.getHierarchicalFacetByName(e)),i={};return void 0!==this.hierarchicalFacetsRefinements[e]&&this.hierarchicalFacetsRefinements[e].length>0&&(this.hierarchicalFacetsRefinements[e][0]===t||0===this.hierarchicalFacetsRefinements[e][0].indexOf(t+r))?-1===t.indexOf(r)?i[e]=[]:i[e]=[t.slice(0,t.lastIndexOf(r))]:i[e]=[t],this.setQueryParameters({hierarchicalFacetsRefinements:n({},i,this.hierarchicalFacetsRefinements)})},addHierarchicalFacetRefinement:function(e,t){if(this.isHierarchicalFacetRefined(e))throw new Error(e+" is already refined.");if(!this.isHierarchicalFacet(e))throw new Error(e+" is not defined in the hierarchicalFacets attribute of the helper configuration.");var r={};return r[e]=[t],this.setQueryParameters({hierarchicalFacetsRefinements:n({},r,this.hierarchicalFacetsRefinements)})},removeHierarchicalFacetRefinement:function(e){if(!this.isHierarchicalFacetRefined(e))return this;var t={};return t[e]=[],this.setQueryParameters({hierarchicalFacetsRefinements:n({},t,this.hierarchicalFacetsRefinements)})},toggleTagRefinement:function(e){return this.isTagRefined(e)?this.removeTagRefinement(e):this.addTagRefinement(e)},isDisjunctiveFacet:function(e){return this.disjunctiveFacets.indexOf(e)>-1},isHierarchicalFacet:function(e){return void 0!==this.getHierarchicalFacetByName(e)},isConjunctiveFacet:function(e){return this.facets.indexOf(e)>-1},isFacetRefined:function(e,t){return!!this.isConjunctiveFacet(e)&&f.isRefined(this.facetsRefinements,e,t)},isExcludeRefined:function(e,t){return!!this.isConjunctiveFacet(e)&&f.isRefined(this.facetsExcludes,e,t)},isDisjunctiveFacetRefined:function(e,t){return!!this.isDisjunctiveFacet(e)&&f.isRefined(this.disjunctiveFacetsRefinements,e,t)},isHierarchicalFacetRefined:function(e,t){if(!this.isHierarchicalFacet(e))return!1;var r=this.getHierarchicalRefinement(e);return t?-1!==r.indexOf(t):r.length>0},isNumericRefined:function(e,t,r){if(void 0===r&&void 0===t)return Boolean(this.numericRefinements[e]);var n=this.numericRefinements[e]&&void 0!==this.numericRefinements[e][t];if(void 0===r||!n)return n;var a,s,c=o(r),u=void 0!==(a=this.numericRefinements[e][t],s=c,i(a,(function(e){return l(e,s)})));return n&&u},isTagRefined:function(e){return-1!==this.tagRefinements.indexOf(e)},getRefinedDisjunctiveFacets:function(){var e=this,t=a(Object.keys(this.numericRefinements).filter((function(t){return Object.keys(e.numericRefinements[t]).length>0})),this.disjunctiveFacets);return Object.keys(this.disjunctiveFacetsRefinements).filter((function(t){return e.disjunctiveFacetsRefinements[t].length>0})).concat(t).concat(this.getRefinedHierarchicalFacets()).sort()},getRefinedHierarchicalFacets:function(){var e=this;return a(this.hierarchicalFacets.map((function(e){return e.name})),Object.keys(this.hierarchicalFacetsRefinements).filter((function(t){return e.hierarchicalFacetsRefinements[t].length>0}))).sort()},getUnrefinedDisjunctiveFacets:function(){var e=this.getRefinedDisjunctiveFacets();return this.disjunctiveFacets.filter((function(t){return-1===e.indexOf(t)}))},managedParameters:["index","facets","disjunctiveFacets","facetsRefinements","hierarchicalFacets","facetsExcludes","disjunctiveFacetsRefinements","numericRefinements","tagRefinements","hierarchicalFacetsRefinements"],getQueryParams:function(){var e=this.managedParameters,t={},r=this;return Object.keys(this).forEach((function(n){var i=r[n];-1===e.indexOf(n)&&void 0!==i&&(t[n]=i)})),t},setQueryParameter:function(e,t){if(this[e]===t)return this;var r={};return r[e]=t,this.setQueryParameters(r)},setQueryParameters:function(e){if(!e)return this;var t=m.validate(this,e);if(t)throw t;var r=this,n=m._parseNumbers(e),i=Object.keys(this).reduce((function(e,t){return e[t]=r[t],e}),{}),a=Object.keys(n).reduce((function(e,t){var r=void 0!==e[t],i=void 0!==n[t];return r&&!i?u(e,[t]):(i&&(e[t]=n[t]),e)}),i);return new this.constructor(a)},resetPage:function(){return void 0===this.page?this:this.setPage(0)},_getHierarchicalFacetSortBy:function(e){return e.sortBy||["isRefined:desc","name:asc"]},_getHierarchicalFacetSeparator:function(e){return e.separator||" > "},_getHierarchicalRootPath:function(e){return e.rootPath||null},_getHierarchicalShowParentLevel:function(e){return"boolean"!=typeof e.showParentLevel||e.showParentLevel},getHierarchicalFacetByName:function(e){return i(this.hierarchicalFacets,(function(t){return t.name===e}))},getHierarchicalFacetBreadcrumb:function(e){if(!this.isHierarchicalFacet(e))return[];var t=this.getHierarchicalRefinement(e)[0];if(!t)return[];var r=this._getHierarchicalFacetSeparator(this.getHierarchicalFacetByName(e));return t.split(r).map((function(e){return e.trim()}))},toString:function(){return JSON.stringify(this,null,2)}},e.exports=m},210:function(e,t,r){"use strict";e.exports=function(e){return function(t,r){var n=e.hierarchicalFacets[r],o=e.hierarchicalFacetsRefinements[n.name]&&e.hierarchicalFacetsRefinements[n.name][0]||"",h=e._getHierarchicalFacetSeparator(n),f=e._getHierarchicalRootPath(n),l=e._getHierarchicalShowParentLevel(n),m=a(e._getHierarchicalFacetSortBy(n)),d=t.every((function(e){return e.exhaustive})),p=function(e,t,r,n,a){return function(o,h,f){var l=o;if(f>0){var m=0;for(l=o;m-1})));if(o){var h=o.attributes.indexOf(t),l=c(e.hierarchicalFacets,(function(e){return e.name===o.name}));u.hierarchicalFacets[l][h]={attribute:t,data:i,exhaustive:a.exhaustiveFacetsCount}}else{var m,d=-1!==e.disjunctiveFacets.indexOf(t),g=-1!==e.facets.indexOf(t);d&&(m=v[t],u.disjunctiveFacets[m]={name:t,data:i,exhaustive:a.exhaustiveFacetsCount},p(u.disjunctiveFacets[m],a.facets_stats,t)),g&&(m=f[t],u.facets[m]={name:t,data:i,exhaustive:a.exhaustiveFacetsCount},p(u.facets[m],a.facets_stats,t))}})),this.hierarchicalFacets=n(this.hierarchicalFacets),h.forEach((function(r){var n=t[g],s=n&&n.facets?n.facets:{},h=e.getHierarchicalFacetByName(r);Object.keys(s).forEach((function(t){var r,f=s[t];if(h){r=c(e.hierarchicalFacets,(function(e){return e.name===h.name}));var m=c(u.hierarchicalFacets[r],(function(e){return e.attribute===t}));if(-1===m)return;u.hierarchicalFacets[r][m].data=o({},u.hierarchicalFacets[r][m].data,f)}else{r=v[t];var d=a.facets&&a.facets[t]||{};u.disjunctiveFacets[r]={name:t,data:i({},f,d),exhaustive:n.exhaustiveFacetsCount},p(u.disjunctiveFacets[r],n.facets_stats,t),e.disjunctiveFacetsRefinements[t]&&e.disjunctiveFacetsRefinements[t].forEach((function(n){!u.disjunctiveFacets[r].data[n]&&e.disjunctiveFacetsRefinements[t].indexOf(l(n))>-1&&(u.disjunctiveFacets[r].data[n]=0)}))}})),g++})),e.getRefinedHierarchicalFacets().forEach((function(r){var n=e.getHierarchicalFacetByName(r),a=e._getHierarchicalFacetSeparator(n),s=e.getHierarchicalRefinement(r);0===s.length||s[0].split(a).length<2||t.slice(g).forEach((function(t){var r=t&&t.facets?t.facets:{};Object.keys(r).forEach((function(t){var o=r[t],h=c(e.hierarchicalFacets,(function(e){return e.name===n.name})),f=c(u.hierarchicalFacets[h],(function(e){return e.attribute===t}));if(-1!==f){var l={};if(s.length>0){var m=s[0].split(a)[0];l[m]=u.hierarchicalFacets[h][f].data[m]}u.hierarchicalFacets[h][f].data=i(l,o,u.hierarchicalFacets[h][f].data)}})),g++}))})),Object.keys(e.facetsExcludes).forEach((function(t){var r=e.facetsExcludes[t],n=f[t];u.facets[n]={name:t,data:y[t],exhaustive:a.exhaustiveFacetsCount},r.forEach((function(e){u.facets[n]=u.facets[n]||{name:t},u.facets[n].data=u.facets[n].data||{},u.facets[n].data[e]=0}))})),this.hierarchicalFacets=this.hierarchicalFacets.map(m(e)),this.facets=n(this.facets),this.disjunctiveFacets=n(this.disjunctiveFacets),this._state=e}function g(e,t){function r(e){return e.name===t}if(e._state.isConjunctiveFacet(t)){var n=s(e.facets,r);return n?Object.keys(n.data).map((function(r){var i=f(r);return{name:r,escapedValue:i,count:n.data[r],isRefined:e._state.isFacetRefined(t,i),isExcluded:e._state.isExcludeRefined(t,r)}})):[]}if(e._state.isDisjunctiveFacet(t)){var i=s(e.disjunctiveFacets,r);return i?Object.keys(i.data).map((function(r){var n=f(r);return{name:r,escapedValue:n,count:i.data[r],isRefined:e._state.isDisjunctiveFacetRefined(t,n)}})):[]}if(e._state.isHierarchicalFacet(t)){var a=s(e.hierarchicalFacets,r);if(!a)return a;var c=e._state.getHierarchicalFacetByName(t),u=e._state._getHierarchicalFacetSeparator(c),o=l(e._state.getHierarchicalRefinement(t)[0]||"");0===o.indexOf(c.rootPath)&&(o=o.replace(c.rootPath+u,""));var h=o.split(u);return h.unshift(t),y(a,h,0),a}}function y(e,t,r){e.isRefined=e.name===t[r],e.data&&e.data.forEach((function(e){y(e,t,r+1)}))}function R(e,t,r,n){if(n=n||0,Array.isArray(t))return e(t,r[n]);if(!t.data||0===t.data.length)return t;var a=t.data.map((function(t){return R(e,t,r,n+1)})),s=e(a,r[n]);return i({data:s},t)}function F(e,t){var r=s(e,(function(e){return e.name===t}));return r&&r.stats}function b(e,t,r,n,i){var a=s(i,(function(e){return e.name===r})),c=a&&a.data&&a.data[n]?a.data[n]:0,u=a&&a.exhaustive||!1;return{type:t,attributeName:r,name:n,count:c,exhaustive:u}}v.prototype.getFacetByName=function(e){function t(t){return t.name===e}return s(this.facets,t)||s(this.disjunctiveFacets,t)||s(this.hierarchicalFacets,t)},v.DEFAULT_SORT=["isRefined:desc","count:desc","name:asc"],v.prototype.getFacetValues=function(e,t){var r=g(this,e);if(r){var n,a=i({},t,{sortBy:v.DEFAULT_SORT,facetOrdering:!(t&&t.sortBy)}),s=this;if(Array.isArray(r))n=[e];else n=s._state.getHierarchicalFacetByName(r.name).attributes;return R((function(e,t){if(a.facetOrdering){var r=function(e,t){return e.renderingContent&&e.renderingContent.facetOrdering&&e.renderingContent.facetOrdering.values&&e.renderingContent.facetOrdering.values[t]}(s,t);if(r)return function(e,t){var r=[],n=[],i=(t.order||[]).reduce((function(e,t,r){return e[t]=r,e}),{});e.forEach((function(e){var t=e.path||e.name;void 0!==i[t]?r[i[t]]=e:n.push(e)})),r=r.filter((function(e){return e}));var a,s=t.sortRemainingBy;return"hidden"===s?r:(a="alpha"===s?[["path","name"],["asc","asc"]]:[["count"],["desc"]],r.concat(h(n,a[0],a[1])))}(e,r)}if(Array.isArray(a.sortBy)){var n=u(a.sortBy,v.DEFAULT_SORT);return h(e,n[0],n[1])}if("function"==typeof a.sortBy)return function(e,t){return t.sort(e)}(a.sortBy,e);throw new Error("options.sortBy is optional but if defined it must be either an array of string (predicates) or a sorting function")}),r,n)}},v.prototype.getFacetStats=function(e){return this._state.isConjunctiveFacet(e)?F(this.facets,e):this._state.isDisjunctiveFacet(e)?F(this.disjunctiveFacets,e):void 0},v.prototype.getRefinements=function(){var e=this._state,t=this,r=[];return 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t=e.components,n=(0,r.Z)(e,l);return(0,o.kt)(h,(0,a.Z)({},c,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"download"},"Download"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The PSP-UFU can be downloaded from the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/releases/latest"},(0,o.kt)("em",{parentName:"a"},"last release")," of the PSP-UFU repository on GitHub"),"."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"When accessing the link, scroll down the page until you find the ",(0,o.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"}," Assets "),":"),(0,o.kt)("div",null,(0,o.kt)("center",null,(0,o.kt)("img",{src:(0,i.Z)("images/download.png"),alt:"Assets download",title:"Informa\xe7\xf5es da Figura"}))),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As the PSP-UFU is a multiplatform software, you must download the correct file:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"For the operating system ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"installation#windows"},"Windows")," download the files ",(0,o.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},".exe")," 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componentes envolvidos, al\xe9m de apresentar modifica\xe7\xf5es em suas composi\xe7\xf5es causado por v\xe1rios fatores, como tempo, condi\xe7\xf5es clim\xe1ticas e economia. Portanto v\xe1rias aproxima\xe7\xf5es devem ser utilizadas na formula\xe7\xe3o de um modelo de carga nos estudos aqui postos."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Uma forma interessante de se representar cargas dependentes da tens\xe3o s\xe3o as cargas ZIP, as quais s\xe3o fun\xe7\xf5es quadr\xe1ticas, possuindo tr\xeas parcelas: imped\xe2ncia constante (Z), corrente constante (I) e pot\xeancia constante (P). 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ser interpretados de forma an\xe1loga, por\xe9m comp\xf5e a parcela reativa da carga."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"O comportamento das pot\xeancias, retiradas de simula\xe7\xf5es no PSP-UFU, de cada parcela que comp\xf5e a carga ZIP s\xe3o evidenciadas na figura abaixo."),(0,m.kt)("div",null,(0,m.kt)("center",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{src:(0,p.Z)("images/loadModel.svg"),alt:"Comportamento da carga ZIP implementada no software: (a) curva de Tens\xe3o x Pot\xeancia; (b) Curva de Tens\xe3o x Corrente",title:"Comportamento da carga ZIP implementada no software: (a) curva de Tens\xe3o x Pot\xeancia; (b) Curva de Tens\xe3o x Corrente"}))),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Cargas de corrente e pot\xeancia constantes possuem problemas em tens\xf5es muito baixas. \xc0 medida que a tens\xe3o diminui as correntes dessas cargas n\xe3o reduz, como pode ser observado na figura acima, resultando em perda de precis\xe3o e problemas na converg\xeancia de processos iterativos. 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Esse formul\xe1rio, comum a v\xe1rios outros elementos, permite a inser\xe7\xe3o e/ou remo\xe7\xe3o da carga durante o estudo de ',(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"stability"},"estabilidade"),"."),(0,m.kt)("div",null,(0,m.kt)("center",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{src:(0,p.Z)("images/loadSw.png"),alt:"Formul\xe1rio de chaveamento da carga",title:"Formul\xe1rio de chaveamento da carga"}))),(0,m.kt)(r.Z,{groupId:"load-tabs",defaultValue:"general",values:[{label:"Geral",value:"general"},{label:"Estabilidade",value:"stability"},{label:"Bot\xe3o Chaveamento",value:"switching"}],mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,m.kt)(l.Z,{value:"general",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"nome"},"Nome"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Identifica\xe7\xe3o do elemento el\xe9trico. 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11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"}))),"Aten\xe7\xe3o!")),(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Para os estudos de ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"curto-circuito")," e ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"harm\xf4nicos")," as cargas s\xe3o modeladas como imped\xe2ncia constante, independentemente da sinaliza\xe7\xe3o indicada em seu formul\xe1rio de edi\xe7\xe3o de dados."))),(0,m.kt)("h3",{id:"carga-no-estudo-de-estabilidade"},"Carga no estudo de estabilidade"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"A modelagem das cargas do sistema de forma exata se torna impratic\xe1vel em um problemas de estabilidade, visto \xe0 grande quantidade e variedade dos componentes envolvidos, al\xe9m de apresentar modifica\xe7\xf5es em suas composi\xe7\xf5es causado por v\xe1rios fatores, como tempo, condi\xe7\xf5es clim\xe1ticas e economia. Portanto v\xe1rias aproxima\xe7\xf5es devem ser utilizadas na formula\xe7\xe3o de um modelo de carga nos estudos aqui postos."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Uma forma interessante de se representar cargas dependentes da tens\xe3o s\xe3o as cargas ZIP, as quais s\xe3o fun\xe7\xf5es quadr\xe1ticas, possuindo tr\xeas parcelas: imped\xe2ncia constante (Z), corrente constante (I) e pot\xeancia constante (P). 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ser interpretados de forma an\xe1loga, por\xe9m comp\xf5e a parcela reativa da carga."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"O comportamento das pot\xeancias, retiradas de simula\xe7\xf5es no PSP-UFU, de cada parcela que comp\xf5e a carga ZIP s\xe3o evidenciadas na figura abaixo."),(0,m.kt)("div",null,(0,m.kt)("center",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{src:(0,p.Z)("images/loadModel.svg"),alt:"Comportamento da carga ZIP implementada no software: (a) curva de Tens\xe3o x Pot\xeancia; (b) Curva de Tens\xe3o x Corrente",title:"Comportamento da carga ZIP implementada no software: (a) curva de Tens\xe3o x Pot\xeancia; (b) Curva de Tens\xe3o x Corrente"}))),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Cargas de corrente e pot\xeancia constantes possuem problemas em tens\xf5es muito baixas. \xc0 medida que a tens\xe3o diminui as correntes dessas cargas n\xe3o reduz, como pode ser observado na figura acima, resultando em perda de precis\xe3o e problemas na converg\xeancia de processos iterativos. 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Esse formul\xe1rio, comum a v\xe1rios outros elementos, permite a inser\xe7\xe3o e/ou remo\xe7\xe3o da carga durante o estudo de ',(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"stability"},"estabilidade"),"."),(0,m.kt)("div",null,(0,m.kt)("center",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{src:(0,p.Z)("images/loadSw.png"),alt:"Formul\xe1rio de chaveamento da carga",title:"Formul\xe1rio de chaveamento da carga"}))),(0,m.kt)(r.Z,{groupId:"load-tabs",defaultValue:"general",values:[{label:"Geral",value:"general"},{label:"Estabilidade",value:"stability"},{label:"Bot\xe3o Chaveamento",value:"switching"}],mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,m.kt)(l.Z,{value:"general",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"nome"},"Nome"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Identifica\xe7\xe3o do elemento el\xe9trico. Podem ser inseridos quaisquer n\xfameros de caracteres no padr\xe3o ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode"},"Unicode"),"."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Todos os componentes de pot\xeancia do PSP-UFU possuem esse campo."),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"pot\xeancia-ativa"},"Pot\xeancia ativa"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Parcela de pot\xeancia ativa da carga. 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Muitos blackouts de grande porte causados pela instabilidade do SEP t\xeam ilustrado a import\xe2ncia desse fen\xf4meno.",source:"@site/docs/stability.md",sourceDirName:".",slug:"/stability",permalink:"/PSP/docs/stability",draft:!1,editUrl:"https://github.com/Thales1330/PSP/tree/master/docusaurus/docs/stability.md",tags:[],version:"current",frontMatter:{id:"stability",title:"Estabilidade",sidebar_label:"Estabilidade"},sidebar:"docs",previous:{title:"Harm\xf4nicos",permalink:"/PSP/docs/harmonics"},next:{title:"Configura\xe7\xf5es da Simula\xe7\xe3o",permalink:"/PSP/docs/simulationConfig"}},d={},c=[{value:"Execu\xe7\xe3o do estudo de estabilidade no PSP-UFU",id:"execu\xe7\xe3o-do-estudo-de-estabilidade-no-psp-ufu",level:2},{value:"Inserindo um evento de estabilidade",id:"inserindo-um-evento-de-estabilidade",level:3},{value:"Erros comuns na execu\xe7\xe3o do estudo de estabilidade",id:"erros-comuns-na-execu\xe7\xe3o-do-estudo-de-estabilidade",level:3},{value:"A seguinte mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida: "N\xe3o foi poss\xedvel construir a matriz admit\xe2ncia"",id:"a-seguinte-mensagem-de-erro-\xe9-exibida-n\xe3o-foi-poss\xedvel-construir-a-matriz-admit\xe2ncia",level:4},{value:"A seguinte mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida: "Erro ao inicializar os valores de satura\xe7\xe3o do..."",id:"a-seguinte-mensagem-de-erro-\xe9-exibida-erro-ao-inicializar-os-valores-de-satura\xe7\xe3o-do",level:4},{value:"A seguinte mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida: "Erro ao inicializar o AVR / regulador de velocidade..."",id:"a-seguinte-mensagem-de-erro-\xe9-exibida-erro-ao-inicializar-o-avr--regulador-de-velocidade",level:4},{value:"A seguinte mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida: "Imposs\xedvel resolver as m\xe1quinas do sistema"",id:"a-seguinte-mensagem-de-erro-\xe9-exibida-imposs\xedvel-resolver-as-m\xe1quinas-do-sistema",level:4},{value:"A seguinte mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida: "Erro ao inicializar o escorregamento do motor..."",id:"a-seguinte-mensagem-de-erro-\xe9-exibida-erro-ao-inicializar-o-escorregamento-do-motor",level:4},{value:"Estrutura da ferramenta de estabilidade",id:"estrutura-da-ferramenta-de-estabilidade",level:2},{value:"Integra\xe7\xe3o num\xe9rica",id:"integra\xe7\xe3o-num\xe9rica",level:3},{value:"Refer\xeancias",id:"refer\xeancias",level:2}],N={toc:c},u="wrapper";function k(a){var e=a.components,t=(0,n.Z)(a,o);return(0,m.kt)(u,(0,s.Z)({},N,t,{components:e,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,m.kt)("link",{rel:"stylesheet",href:(0,r.Z)("katex/katex.min.css")}),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Estabilidade de sistemas de pot\xeancia \xe9 a habilidade de um Sistema El\xe9trico de Pot\xeancia (SEP), para uma certa condi\xe7\xe3o de opera\xe7\xe3o, de reestabelecer um estado de opera\xe7\xe3o de equil\xedbrio ap\xf3s ser submetido a um dist\xfarbio f\xedsico. 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Outro estudo \xe9 denominado ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"estabilidade din\xe2mica"),", utilizado para descrever a resposta do sistema frente a pequenas perturba\xe7\xf5es ao longo de muito tempo, o qual pode ser resolvido tanto no dom\xednio da frequ\xeancia quanto no dom\xednio do tempo."),(0,m.kt)("admonition",{title:"Informa\xe7\xe3o",type:"info"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"No PSP-UFU, a estabilidade din\xe2mica \xe9 tratada como uma extens\xe3o da estabilidade transit\xf3ria, em que os efeitos de pequenas constantes de tempo devem ser ignorados.")),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"O modelo para representa\xe7\xe3o do SEP em um estudo de estabilidade transit\xf3ria \xe9 feito por meio do sistema de equa\xe7\xf5es alg\xe9brico-diferenciais (EADs), em que o estado inicial \xe9 considerado est\xe1vel e originado de um estudo de ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow"},"fluxo de carga"),". A solu\xe7\xe3o das equa\xe7\xf5es se d\xe1 por meio de um ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_integration"},"m\xe9todo de integra\xe7\xe3o num\xe9rica")," e, ent\xe3o, \xe9 observada a resposta do sistema de pot\xeancia."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Caso a solu\xe7\xe3o no dom\xednio do tempo, ap\xf3s alguma perturba\xe7\xe3o, leve um ou mais par\xe2metros do sistema a valores fisicamente imposs\xedveis ou, at\xe9 mesmo, a solu\xe7\xe3o das equa\xe7\xf5es diferenciais n\xe3o obtenha converg\xeancia em processos iterativos, o sistema \xe9 dito ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"inst\xe1vel"),". Em contrapartida, caso as vari\xe1veis de estado dos elementos do sistema oscilem ap\xf3s uma perturba\xe7\xe3o e se estabele\xe7am em um novo ponto de opera\xe7\xe3o, mesmo que distinto dos valores iniciais, o sistema \xe9 considerado ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"est\xe1vel"),"."),(0,m.kt)("h2",{id:"execu\xe7\xe3o-do-estudo-de-estabilidade-no-psp-ufu"},"Execu\xe7\xe3o do estudo de estabilidade no PSP-UFU"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Ap\xf3s a constru\xe7\xe3o do diagrama unifilar no ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerEditor"},"editor de pot\xeancia"),", assim como os ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"controlEditor"},"controles")," das ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"syncGenerator"},"m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas"),", a execu\xe7\xe3o da estabilidade \xe9 realizada no ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"mainScreen#menu-ribbon"},"menu Simula\xe7\xe3o")," clicando no \xedcone do bot\xe3o ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Executar Estabilidade"),'. Ao clicar na parte inferior do bot\xe3o "Executar Estabilidade" ser\xe1 exibido um menu suspenso com a op\xe7\xe3o ',(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Lista de eventos de estabilidade"),"."),(0,m.kt)("div",null,(0,m.kt)("center",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{src:(0,r.Z)("images/menuSimulationStability.svg"),alt:"Menu Simula\xe7\xe3o",title:"Menu Simula\xe7\xe3o"}))),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Ao executar o c\xe1lculo de estabilidade, uma caixa com o status do processo de simula\xe7\xe3o ser\xe1 exibida, indicando primeiramente a inicializa\xe7\xe3o do estudo e posteriormente o tempo de simula\xe7\xe3o calculado."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Ao clicar na lista de eventos de estabilidade, ser\xe1 exibida uma janela com a descri\xe7\xe3o dos eventos de estabilidade inseridos."),(0,m.kt)("div",null,(0,m.kt)("center",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{src:(0,r.Z)("images/stabList.png"),alt:"Lista de eventos de estabilidade",title:"Lista de eventos de estabilidade"}))),(0,m.kt)("h3",{id:"inserindo-um-evento-de-estabilidade"},"Inserindo um evento de estabilidade"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Os dist\xfarbios mais comuns aplicados em estudos de estabilidade transit\xf3ria s\xe3o faltas e chaveamentos. Tais opera\xe7\xf5es s\xe3o facilmente realizadas no PSP-UFU:"),(0,m.kt)("ul",null,(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Faltas"),": Curtos-circuitos trif\xe1sicos podem ser inseridos nos ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"bus"},"barramentos")," do sistema por meio da inclus\xe3o da imped\xe2ncia de falta na matriz admit\xe2ncia de barras da mesma maneira realizada em um elemento ",(0,m.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"shunt"),". Tal valor \xe9 definido pelo usu\xe1rio e caso seja um curto-circuito franco, um valor n\xe3o nulo, mas suficientemente pr\xf3ximo de zero, \xe9 aplicado, de forma que a tens\xe3o no barramento \xe9 levada a zero durante o dist\xfarbio.")),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Chaveamento de ramo"),": Da mesma forma que as faltas, o chaveamento de ramos \xe9 realizado por meio da altera\xe7\xe3o na matriz admit\xe2ncia, removendo ou inserindo os par\xe2metros do elemento a ser chaveado.\nCada ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerEditor"},"elemento de pot\xeancia"),' possui um bot\xe3o de "Chaveamento" ou "Estabilidade", em que pode ser inserido os tempos de remo\xe7\xe3o e/ou inser\xe7\xe3o do componente.')),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Chaveamento de m\xe1quinas"),": A remo\xe7\xe3o de uma m\xe1quina s\xedncrona \xe9 efetivada com a retirada de sua participa\xe7\xe3o no vetor de correntes, al\xe9m da remo\xe7\xe3o de sua admit\xe2ncia fict\xedcia.\nAssim como os ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerEditor"},"elementos de pot\xeancia"),", as ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"syncGenerator"},"m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas"),' possui um bot\xe3o "Chaveamento", em que pode ser inserido os tempos de remo\xe7\xe3o e/ou inser\xe7\xe3o do componente.'),(0,m.kt)("admonition",{parentName:"li",title:"Aten\xe7\xe3o!",type:"caution"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Mesmo que removida da barra, os par\xe2metros das ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"syncGenerator"},"m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas")," continuam a ser calculados com a corrente do estator nula, podendo fornecer resultados em uma eventual reconex\xe3o.")))),(0,m.kt)("admonition",{title:"Dica",type:"tip"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Eventos nos ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sistemas de controle")," podem ser facilmente introduzidos com o bloco de ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"mathExpression"},"express\xe3o matem\xe1tica"),". Nesse caso, tais eventos ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"n\xe3o")," ser\xe3o exibidos na lista de eventos de estabilidade.")),(0,m.kt)("h3",{id:"erros-comuns-na-execu\xe7\xe3o-do-estudo-de-estabilidade"},"Erros comuns na execu\xe7\xe3o do estudo de estabilidade"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"A seguir s\xe3o apresentados os erros mais comuns relacionados ao estudo de estabilidade."),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"a-seguinte-mensagem-de-erro-\xe9-exibida-n\xe3o-foi-poss\xedvel-construir-a-matriz-admit\xe2ncia"},'A seguinte mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida: "N\xe3o foi poss\xedvel construir a matriz admit\xe2ncia"'),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Essa mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida quando n\xe3o \xe9 poss\xedvel construir a matriz admit\xe2ncia de barras. As seguintes situa\xe7\xf5es podem ocasionar esse erro:"),(0,m.kt)("ul",null,(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Os par\xe2metros do circuito est\xe3o incorretos"),". Caso par\xe2metros muito fora dos valores padr\xe3o dos elementos el\xe9tricos sejam inseridos, o c\xe1lculo de fluxo de carga pode divergir. Verifique se os dados foram inseridos corretamente."),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Algum barramento est\xe1 isolado"),". Esse erro \xe9 bastante comum e pode ocorrer ao inserir um barramento sem conect\xe1-lo ao sistema ou ao remover os elementos de ramo que conectam uma barra ao sistema. A solu\xe7\xe3o \xe9 eliminar essa barra do diagrama."),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Algum elemento possui par\xe2metros discrepantes dos demais"),". Caso um dos elementos inseridos possua um valor de imped\xe2ncia muito distinto dos demais, como por exemplo uma linha com imped\xe2ncia muito elevada ou uma carga muito pequena, pode levar \xe0 diverg\xeancia do m\xe9todo num\xe9rico. Nesse caso, reconsidere a necessidade de representa\xe7\xe3o desses elementos no circuito e alterne entre os m\xe9todos num\xe9ricos de solu\xe7\xe3o dispon\xedveis.")),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"a-seguinte-mensagem-de-erro-\xe9-exibida-erro-ao-inicializar-os-valores-de-satura\xe7\xe3o-do"},'A seguinte mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida: "Erro ao inicializar os valores de satura\xe7\xe3o do..."'),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Essa mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida quando n\xe3o \xe9 poss\xedvel calcular os fatores de satura\xe7\xe3o da ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"syncGenerator"},"m\xe1quina s\xedncrona"),". As seguintes situa\xe7\xf5es podem ocasionar esse erro:"),(0,m.kt)("ul",null,(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"O fator de satura\xe7\xe3o \xe9 menor que 1,2"),". Esse valor deve ser maior que 1,2, ou ir\xe1 gerar erros na simula\xe7\xe3o. Caso n\xe3o seja informado, a satura\xe7\xe3o da m\xe1quina n\xe3o \xe9 considerada nos c\xe1lculos."),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Os par\xe2metros da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona est\xe3o incorretos"),". Caso par\xe2metros muito fora dos valores padr\xe3o das m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas sejam inseridos, o c\xe1lculo dos fatores de satura\xe7\xe3o pode divergir. Verifique se os dados foram inseridos corretamente.")),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"a-seguinte-mensagem-de-erro-\xe9-exibida-erro-ao-inicializar-o-avr--regulador-de-velocidade"},'A seguinte mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida: "Erro ao inicializar o AVR / regulador de velocidade..."'),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Essa mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida quando n\xe3o \xe9 poss\xedvel ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"controlEditor#inicializa%C3%A7%C3%A3o-do-sistema-de-controle"},"inicializar o sistema de controle")," de uma ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"syncGenerator"},"m\xe1quina s\xedncrona"),". As seguintes situa\xe7\xf5es podem ocasionar esse erro:"),(0,m.kt)("ul",null,(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"O sistema de controle est\xe1 vazio"),". Caso esteja habilitado o AVR e/ou o regulador de velocidade e o controle n\xe3o foi inserido, esse erro pode ser acionado. Insira o controle da m\xe1quina ou desmarque a op\xe7\xe3o de utiliza\xe7\xe3o do AVR e/ou regulador de velocidade."),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"O sistema de controle n\xe3o possui ao menos uma entrada e uma sa\xedda"),". O sistema de controle deve ter ao menos uma ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"io"},"entrada e uma sa\xedda"),", caso contr\xe1rio apresentar\xe1 erro de execu\xe7\xe3o."),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"O passo de integra\xe7\xe3o est\xe1 muito pequeno"),". Caso o passo de integra\xe7\xe3o esteja muito pequeno, os c\xe1lculos gerar\xe3o erros e ir\xe3o divergir. Reduza o passo de integra\xe7\xe3o nas ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"simulationConfig"},"configura\xe7\xf5es de simula\xe7\xe3o"),".")),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"a-seguinte-mensagem-de-erro-\xe9-exibida-imposs\xedvel-resolver-as-m\xe1quinas-do-sistema"},'A seguinte mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida: "Imposs\xedvel resolver as m\xe1quinas do sistema"'),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Essa mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida quando n\xe3o \xe9 poss\xedvel resolver as EADs das m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas inseridas no sistemas. As seguintes situa\xe7\xf5es podem ocasionar esse erro:"),(0,m.kt)("ul",null,(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Os par\xe2metros da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona est\xe3o incorretos"),". Caso par\xe2metros muito fora dos valores padr\xe3o das m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas sejam inseridos, o c\xe1lculo das EADs pode se tornar imposs\xedvel. Verifique se os dados foram inseridos corretamente."),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"O passo de integra\xe7\xe3o est\xe1 muito pequeno"),". Caso o passo de integra\xe7\xe3o esteja muito pequeno, os c\xe1lculos gerar\xe3o erros e ir\xe3o divergir. Reduza o passo de integra\xe7\xe3o nas ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"simulationConfig"},"configura\xe7\xf5es de simula\xe7\xe3o"),"."),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Os par\xe2metros do circuito est\xe3o incorretos"),". Caso par\xe2metros muito fora dos valores padr\xe3o dos elementos el\xe9tricos sejam inseridos, o c\xe1lculo de fluxo de carga pode divergir. Verifique se os dados foram inseridos corretamente."),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Algum barramento est\xe1 isolado"),". Esse erro \xe9 bastante comum e pode ocorrer ao inserir um barramento sem conect\xe1-lo ao sistema ou ao remover os elementos de ramo que conectam uma barra ao sistema. A solu\xe7\xe3o \xe9 eliminar essa barra do diagrama."),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Algum elemento possui par\xe2metros discrepantes dos demais"),". Caso um dos elementos inseridos possua um valor de imped\xe2ncia muito distinto dos demais, como por exemplo uma linha com imped\xe2ncia muito elevada ou uma carga muito pequena, pode levar \xe0 diverg\xeancia do m\xe9todo num\xe9rico. Nesse caso, reconsidere a necessidade de representa\xe7\xe3o desses elementos no circuito e alterne entre os m\xe9todos num\xe9ricos de solu\xe7\xe3o dispon\xedveis.")),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"a-seguinte-mensagem-de-erro-\xe9-exibida-erro-ao-inicializar-o-escorregamento-do-motor"},'A seguinte mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida: "Erro ao inicializar o escorregamento do motor..."'),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Essa mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida quando n\xe3o \xe9 poss\xedvel calcular o valor de escorregamento inicial do motor de indu\xe7\xe3o. As seguintes situa\xe7\xf5es podem ocasionar esse erro:"),(0,m.kt)("ul",null,(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Os par\xe2metros de estabilidade do motor est\xe3o incorretos"),". Caso par\xe2metros muito fora dos valores padr\xe3o dos motores de indu\xe7\xe3o sejam inseridos, o c\xe1lculo do escorregamento pode se tornar imposs\xedvel. Verifique se os dados foram inseridos corretamente.")),(0,m.kt)("h2",{id:"estrutura-da-ferramenta-de-estabilidade"},"Estrutura da ferramenta de estabilidade"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"A estabilidade de um SEP \xe9 um problema din\xe2mico e necessita de modelos mais elaborados de elementos de pot\xeancia comparados \xe0queles apresentados nos outros estudos. Esses modelos s\xe3o descritos individualmente, com destaque \xe0s ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"syncGenerator#gerador-s%C3%ADncrono-no-estudo-de-estabilidade"},"m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas"),", ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"load#carga-no-estudo-de-estabilidade"},"cargas ZIP")," e ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"indMotor#motor-de-indu%C3%A7%C3%A3o-trif%C3%A1sico-no-estudo-de-estabilidade"},"motores de indu\xe7\xe3o"),"."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"A representa\xe7\xe3o dos demais componentes do sistema el\xe9trico: ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"line"},"linhas de transmiss\xe3o"),", ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"transformer"},"transformadores")," e elementos ",(0,m.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"shunt")," (com exce\xe7\xe3o de cargas ZIP), que formam a rede de transmiss\xe3o ou distribui\xe7\xe3o balanceada, \xe9 realizada utilizando os mesmos modelos do ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow"},"fluxo de carga"),"."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Os modelos din\xe2micos para a an\xe1lise no dom\xednio do tempo s\xe3o na forma de um sistema de equa\xe7\xf5es alg\xe9brico-diferenciais (EADs), descritas a seguir:"),(0,m.kt)("div",{className:"math math-display"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"div",className:"katex-display"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML",display:"block"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mfrac",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"mfrac"},(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"d"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"x")),(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"mfrac"},(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"d"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"t"))),(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow"},"="),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"f"),(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",stretchy:"false"},"("),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"x"),(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",separator:"true"},","),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"y"),(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",separator:"true"},","),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",stretchy:"false"},")"),(0,m.kt)("mspace",{parentName:"mrow",linebreak:"newline"}),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"g"),(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow"},"="),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"f"),(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",stretchy:"false"},"("),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"x"),(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",separator:"true"},","),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"y"),(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",stretchy:"false"},")")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\dfrac{dx}{dt}= f(x,y,u)\\\\ g = f(x,y)")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"2.0574em",verticalAlign:"-0.686em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mopen nulldelimiter"}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mfrac"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"1.3714em"}},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.314em"}},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"d"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord 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mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.03588em"}},"g"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace",style:{marginRight:"0.2778em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mrel"},"="),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace",style:{marginRight:"0.2778em"}})),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"1em",verticalAlign:"-0.25em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.10764em"}},"f"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mopen"},"("),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"x"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mpunct"},","),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace",style:{marginRight:"0.1667em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.03588em"}},"y"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mclose"},")")))))),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Em que:"),(0,m.kt)("ul",null,(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"li",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"x")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"x")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.4306em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"x"))))),"\ts\xe3o as vari\xe1veis de estado"),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"li",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"y")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"y")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.03588em"}},"y"))))),"\ts\xe3o as vari\xe1veis de alg\xe9bricas"),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"li",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"u")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.4306em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"u"))))),"\ts\xe3o as vari\xe1veis de entrada")),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"As vari\xe1veis de entrada s\xe3o inseridas pelo usu\xe1rio e permanecem constantes durante todo o processo de c\xe1lculo. Para o problema de estabilidade, as vari\xe1veis alg\xe9bricas iniciais correspondem \xe0s tens\xf5es e \xe2ngulos das barras calculadas no ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow"},"fluxo de carga"),". As vari\xe1veis de estado iniciais s\xe3o estimadas ap\xf3s a converg\xeancia do fluxo de pot\xeancia (inicializa\xe7\xe3o dos elementos din\xe2micos)."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Na sequ\xeancia \xe9 apresentado, na forma de fluxogramas, a estrutura do m\xf3dulo de estabilidade implementado no PSP-UFU. O fluxograma abaixo mostra a estrutura geral da ferramenta de estabilidade."),(0,m.kt)("div",null,(0,m.kt)("center",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{src:(0,r.Z)("images/stabGeneral.svg"),alt:"Estrutura geral da ferramenta de estabilidade",title:"Estrutura geral da ferramenta de estabilidade"}))),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"A inicializa\xe7\xe3o da rede el\xe9trica e dos elementos din\xe2micos, assim como o precesso iterativo para solu\xe7\xe3o das EADs s\xe3o apresentados nos dois fluxogramas conseguintes."),(0,m.kt)("div",null,(0,m.kt)("center",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{src:(0,r.Z)("images/stabInit.svg"),alt:"Inicializa\xe7\xe3o da ferramenta de estabilidade",title:"Inicializa\xe7\xe3o da ferramenta de estabilidade"}))),(0,m.kt)("div",null,(0,m.kt)("center",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{src:(0,r.Z)("images/stabIterative.svg"),alt:"Processo iterativo para c\xe1lculo dos elementos din\xe2micos",title:"Estrutura geral da ferramenta de estabilidade"}))),(0,m.kt)("h3",{id:"integra\xe7\xe3o-num\xe9rica"},"Integra\xe7\xe3o num\xe9rica"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Para resolver as equa\xe7\xf5es diferenciais da m\xe1quina \xe9 necess\xe1rio um m\xe9todo de integra\xe7\xe3o num\xe9rica. Tais m\xe9todos s\xe3o classificados em dois grupos: m\xe9todos expl\xedcitos e m\xe9todos impl\xedcitos. Os m\xe9todos expl\xedcitos, devido \xe0 sua formula\xe7\xe3o, calculam diretamente o estado do sistema em um instante de tempo posterior, enquanto m\xe9todos impl\xedcitos envolvem estados atuais e posteriores em suas equa\xe7\xf5es, exigindo, portanto, um processo iterativo."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"As constantes de tempo presentes no estudo de estabilidade t\xeam uma grande varia\xe7\xe3o em seu valor (podem variar de ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"1"),(0,m.kt)("msup",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"msup"},"0"),(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"msup"},(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow"},"\u2212"),(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"3"))),(0,m.kt)("mtext",{parentName:"mrow"},"\xa0"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"s")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"10^{-3}~s")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.8141em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"1"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"0"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"msupsub"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8141em"}},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-3.063em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},"\u2212"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},"3"))))))))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace nobreak"},"\xa0"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"s")))))," a ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"10"),(0,m.kt)("mtext",{parentName:"mrow"},"\xa0"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"s")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"10~s")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.6444em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"10"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace nobreak"},"\xa0"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"s"))))),"). Isso torna o sistema de equa\xe7\xf5es diferenciais da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona como um sistema r\xedgido (",(0,m.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"em",href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiff_equation"},"stiff equation")),"). Caso a an\xe1lise da estabilidade num\xe9rica tanto das equa\xe7\xf5es diferenciais r\xedgidas quanto do m\xe9todo de integra\xe7\xe3o obtenham o mesmo comportamento, o m\xe9todo \xe9 chamado de absolutamente est\xe1vel, ou A-est\xe1vel."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"M\xe9todos de integra\xe7\xe3o num\xe9rica expl\xedcitos, como por exemplo o ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runge%E2%80%93Kutta_methods"},"Runge-Kutta")," de quarta ordem, n\xe3o podem ser A-est\xe1veis e, portanto, normalmente possuem comportamento ruim em problemas com equa\xe7\xf5es diferenciais r\xedgidas. Por outro lado, m\xe9todos impl\xedcitos podem ser A-est\xe1veis. Um m\xe9todo impl\xedcito adequado para solu\xe7\xe3o do comportamento din\xe2mico de sistemas el\xe9tricos \xe9 o ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Trapezoidal Impl\xedcito"),", por possuir as seguintes vantagens:"),(0,m.kt)("ul",null,(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"\xc9 numericamente est\xe1vel (A-est\xe1vel);"),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"\xc9 bastante r\xe1pida;"),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Possui boa precis\xe3o (dependendo somente do passo de integra\xe7\xe3o utilizado).")),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Tal m\xe9todo foi implementado no PSP-UFU tanto para solu\xe7\xe3o das equa\xe7\xf5es diferenciais da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona quanto nas ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"transferFunction"},"fun\xe7\xf5es transfer\xeancia")," do ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"controlEditor"},"sistema de controle"),". Sua formula\xe7\xe3o \xe9 dada pela seguinte express\xe3o:"),(0,m.kt)("div",{className:"math 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Power System Modelling and Scripting. London: Springer, 2010. doi: ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13669-6"},"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13669-6")),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"KUNDUR, P.; et al. Definition and classification of power system stability. IEEE Transactions Power Systems, v. 19, n. 2, mai 2004, p. 1387-1401. doi: ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2004.825981"},"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2004.825981")),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"ARRILLAGA, J.; WATSON, N. R. Computer Modelling of Electrical Power Systems. Wiley & Sons, New York, 2001. doi: ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118878286"},"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118878286")),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"PARK, R. H. Two-reactions Theory of Synchronous Machine. Generalized Method of Analysis \u2013 Part I. AIEE Transactions, v. 48, n. 3, jul 1929. doi: ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doi.org/10.1109/T-AIEE.1929.5055275"},"https://doi.org/10.1109/T-AIEE.1929.5055275")),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"ANDERSON, P. M.; FOUAD, A. A. Power System Control and Stability. Wiley-IEEE Press, New York, 2002. doi: ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doi.org/10.1109/9780470545577"},"https://doi.org/10.1109/9780470545577")),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"SAUER, P. W.; PAI, M. A. Power System Dynamics and Stability. Pretience Hall, Upper Saddle River, 1998."),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"KUNDUR, P. Power System Stability and Control. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1994."),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"DOMMEL, H. W.; SATO, N. Fast Transient Stability Solutions. IEEE Transactions on Power Aparatus and Systems, v. 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Outro estudo \xe9 denominado ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"estabilidade din\xe2mica"),", utilizado para descrever a resposta do sistema frente a pequenas perturba\xe7\xf5es ao longo de muito tempo, o qual pode ser resolvido tanto no dom\xednio da frequ\xeancia quanto no dom\xednio do tempo."),(0,m.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-info alert alert--info"},(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,m.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,m.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"14",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 14 16"},(0,m.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M7 2.3c3.14 0 5.7 2.56 5.7 5.7s-2.56 5.7-5.7 5.7A5.71 5.71 0 0 1 1.3 8c0-3.14 2.56-5.7 5.7-5.7zM7 1C3.14 1 0 4.14 0 8s3.14 7 7 7 7-3.14 7-7-3.14-7-7-7zm1 3H6v5h2V4zm0 6H6v2h2v-2z"}))),"Informa\xe7\xe3o")),(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"No PSP-UFU, a estabilidade din\xe2mica \xe9 tratada como uma extens\xe3o da estabilidade transit\xf3ria, em que os efeitos de pequenas constantes de tempo devem ser ignorados."))),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"O modelo para representa\xe7\xe3o do SEP em um estudo de estabilidade transit\xf3ria \xe9 feito por meio do sistema de equa\xe7\xf5es alg\xe9brico-diferenciais (EADs), em que o estado inicial \xe9 considerado est\xe1vel e originado de um estudo de ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow"},"fluxo de carga"),". A solu\xe7\xe3o das equa\xe7\xf5es se d\xe1 por meio de um ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_integration"},"m\xe9todo de integra\xe7\xe3o num\xe9rica")," e, ent\xe3o, \xe9 observada a resposta do sistema de pot\xeancia."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Caso a solu\xe7\xe3o no dom\xednio do tempo, ap\xf3s alguma perturba\xe7\xe3o, leve um ou mais par\xe2metros do sistema a valores fisicamente imposs\xedveis ou, at\xe9 mesmo, a solu\xe7\xe3o das equa\xe7\xf5es diferenciais n\xe3o obtenha converg\xeancia em processos iterativos, o sistema \xe9 dito ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"inst\xe1vel"),". Em contrapartida, caso as vari\xe1veis de estado dos elementos do sistema oscilem ap\xf3s uma perturba\xe7\xe3o e se estabele\xe7am em um novo ponto de opera\xe7\xe3o, mesmo que distinto dos valores iniciais, o sistema \xe9 considerado ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"est\xe1vel"),"."),(0,m.kt)("h2",{id:"execu\xe7\xe3o-do-estudo-de-estabilidade-no-psp-ufu"},"Execu\xe7\xe3o do estudo de estabilidade no PSP-UFU"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Ap\xf3s a constru\xe7\xe3o do diagrama unifilar no ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerEditor"},"editor de pot\xeancia"),", assim como os ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"controlEditor"},"controles")," das ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"syncGenerator"},"m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas"),", a execu\xe7\xe3o da estabilidade \xe9 realizada no ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"mainScreen#menu-ribbon"},"menu Simula\xe7\xe3o")," clicando no \xedcone do bot\xe3o ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Executar Estabilidade"),'. Ao clicar na parte inferior do bot\xe3o "Executar Estabilidade" ser\xe1 exibido um menu suspenso com a op\xe7\xe3o ',(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Lista de eventos de estabilidade"),"."),(0,m.kt)("div",null,(0,m.kt)("center",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{src:(0,r.Z)("images/menuSimulationStability.svg"),alt:"Menu Simula\xe7\xe3o",title:"Menu Simula\xe7\xe3o"}))),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Ao executar o c\xe1lculo de estabilidade, uma caixa com o status do processo de simula\xe7\xe3o ser\xe1 exibida, indicando primeiramente a inicializa\xe7\xe3o do estudo e posteriormente o tempo de simula\xe7\xe3o calculado."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Ao clicar na lista de eventos de estabilidade, ser\xe1 exibida uma janela com a descri\xe7\xe3o dos eventos de estabilidade inseridos."),(0,m.kt)("div",null,(0,m.kt)("center",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{src:(0,r.Z)("images/stabList.png"),alt:"Lista de eventos de estabilidade",title:"Lista de eventos de estabilidade"}))),(0,m.kt)("h3",{id:"inserindo-um-evento-de-estabilidade"},"Inserindo um evento de estabilidade"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Os dist\xfarbios mais comuns aplicados em estudos de estabilidade transit\xf3ria s\xe3o faltas e chaveamentos. Tais opera\xe7\xf5es s\xe3o facilmente realizadas no PSP-UFU:"),(0,m.kt)("ul",null,(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Faltas"),": Curtos-circuitos trif\xe1sicos podem ser inseridos nos ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"bus"},"barramentos")," do sistema por meio da inclus\xe3o da imped\xe2ncia de falta na matriz admit\xe2ncia de barras da mesma maneira realizada em um elemento ",(0,m.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"shunt"),". Tal valor \xe9 definido pelo usu\xe1rio e caso seja um curto-circuito franco, um valor n\xe3o nulo, mas suficientemente pr\xf3ximo de zero, \xe9 aplicado, de forma que a tens\xe3o no barramento \xe9 levada a zero durante o dist\xfarbio.")),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Chaveamento de ramo"),": Da mesma forma que as faltas, o chaveamento de ramos \xe9 realizado por meio da altera\xe7\xe3o na matriz admit\xe2ncia, removendo ou inserindo os par\xe2metros do elemento a ser chaveado.\nCada ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerEditor"},"elemento de pot\xeancia"),' possui um bot\xe3o de "Chaveamento" ou "Estabilidade", em que pode ser inserido os tempos de remo\xe7\xe3o e/ou inser\xe7\xe3o do componente.')),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Chaveamento de m\xe1quinas"),": A remo\xe7\xe3o de uma m\xe1quina s\xedncrona \xe9 efetivada com a retirada de sua participa\xe7\xe3o no vetor de correntes, al\xe9m da remo\xe7\xe3o de sua admit\xe2ncia fict\xedcia.\nAssim como os ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerEditor"},"elementos de pot\xeancia"),", as ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"syncGenerator"},"m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas"),' possui um bot\xe3o "Chaveamento", em que pode ser inserido os tempos de remo\xe7\xe3o e/ou inser\xe7\xe3o do componente.'),(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"li",className:"admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"},(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,m.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,m.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"16",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 16 16"},(0,m.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"}))),"Aten\xe7\xe3o!")),(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Mesmo que removida da barra, os par\xe2metros das ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"syncGenerator"},"m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas")," continuam a ser calculados com a corrente do estator nula, podendo fornecer resultados em uma eventual reconex\xe3o."))))),(0,m.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-tip alert alert--success"},(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,m.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,m.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"12",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 12 16"},(0,m.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M6.5 0C3.48 0 1 2.19 1 5c0 .92.55 2.25 1 3 1.34 2.25 1.78 2.78 2 4v1h5v-1c.22-1.22.66-1.75 2-4 .45-.75 1-2.08 1-3 0-2.81-2.48-5-5.5-5zm3.64 7.48c-.25.44-.47.8-.67 1.11-.86 1.41-1.25 2.06-1.45 3.23-.02.05-.02.11-.02.17H5c0-.06 0-.13-.02-.17-.2-1.17-.59-1.83-1.45-3.23-.2-.31-.42-.67-.67-1.11C2.44 6.78 2 5.65 2 5c0-2.2 2.02-4 4.5-4 1.22 0 2.36.42 3.22 1.19C10.55 2.94 11 3.94 11 5c0 .66-.44 1.78-.86 2.48zM4 14h5c-.23 1.14-1.3 2-2.5 2s-2.27-.86-2.5-2z"}))),"Dica")),(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Eventos nos ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sistemas de controle")," podem ser facilmente introduzidos com o bloco de ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"mathExpression"},"express\xe3o matem\xe1tica"),". Nesse caso, tais eventos ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"n\xe3o")," ser\xe3o exibidos na lista de eventos de estabilidade."))),(0,m.kt)("h3",{id:"erros-comuns-na-execu\xe7\xe3o-do-estudo-de-estabilidade"},"Erros comuns na execu\xe7\xe3o do estudo de estabilidade"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"A seguir s\xe3o apresentados os erros mais comuns relacionados ao estudo de estabilidade."),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"a-seguinte-mensagem-de-erro-\xe9-exibida-n\xe3o-foi-poss\xedvel-construir-a-matriz-admit\xe2ncia"},'A seguinte mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida: "N\xe3o foi poss\xedvel construir a matriz admit\xe2ncia"'),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Essa mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida quando n\xe3o \xe9 poss\xedvel construir a matriz admit\xe2ncia de barras. As seguintes situa\xe7\xf5es podem ocasionar esse erro:"),(0,m.kt)("ul",null,(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Os par\xe2metros do circuito est\xe3o incorretos"),". Caso par\xe2metros muito fora dos valores padr\xe3o dos elementos el\xe9tricos sejam inseridos, o c\xe1lculo de fluxo de carga pode divergir. Verifique se os dados foram inseridos corretamente."),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Algum barramento est\xe1 isolado"),". Esse erro \xe9 bastante comum e pode ocorrer ao inserir um barramento sem conect\xe1-lo ao sistema ou ao remover os elementos de ramo que conectam uma barra ao sistema. A solu\xe7\xe3o \xe9 eliminar essa barra do diagrama."),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Algum elemento possui par\xe2metros discrepantes dos demais"),". Caso um dos elementos inseridos possua um valor de imped\xe2ncia muito distinto dos demais, como por exemplo uma linha com imped\xe2ncia muito elevada ou uma carga muito pequena, pode levar \xe0 diverg\xeancia do m\xe9todo num\xe9rico. Nesse caso, reconsidere a necessidade de representa\xe7\xe3o desses elementos no circuito e alterne entre os m\xe9todos num\xe9ricos de solu\xe7\xe3o dispon\xedveis.")),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"a-seguinte-mensagem-de-erro-\xe9-exibida-erro-ao-inicializar-os-valores-de-satura\xe7\xe3o-do"},'A seguinte mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida: "Erro ao inicializar os valores de satura\xe7\xe3o do..."'),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Essa mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida quando n\xe3o \xe9 poss\xedvel calcular os fatores de satura\xe7\xe3o da ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"syncGenerator"},"m\xe1quina s\xedncrona"),". As seguintes situa\xe7\xf5es podem ocasionar esse erro:"),(0,m.kt)("ul",null,(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"O fator de satura\xe7\xe3o \xe9 menor que 1,2"),". Esse valor deve ser maior que 1,2, ou ir\xe1 gerar erros na simula\xe7\xe3o. Caso n\xe3o seja informado, a satura\xe7\xe3o da m\xe1quina n\xe3o \xe9 considerada nos c\xe1lculos."),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Os par\xe2metros da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona est\xe3o incorretos"),". Caso par\xe2metros muito fora dos valores padr\xe3o das m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas sejam inseridos, o c\xe1lculo dos fatores de satura\xe7\xe3o pode divergir. Verifique se os dados foram inseridos corretamente.")),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"a-seguinte-mensagem-de-erro-\xe9-exibida-erro-ao-inicializar-o-avr--regulador-de-velocidade"},'A seguinte mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida: "Erro ao inicializar o AVR / regulador de velocidade..."'),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Essa mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida quando n\xe3o \xe9 poss\xedvel ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"controlEditor#inicializa%C3%A7%C3%A3o-do-sistema-de-controle"},"inicializar o sistema de controle")," de uma ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"syncGenerator"},"m\xe1quina s\xedncrona"),". As seguintes situa\xe7\xf5es podem ocasionar esse erro:"),(0,m.kt)("ul",null,(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"O sistema de controle est\xe1 vazio"),". Caso esteja habilitado o AVR e/ou o regulador de velocidade e o controle n\xe3o foi inserido, esse erro pode ser acionado. Insira o controle da m\xe1quina ou desmarque a op\xe7\xe3o de utiliza\xe7\xe3o do AVR e/ou regulador de velocidade."),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"O sistema de controle n\xe3o possui ao menos uma entrada e uma sa\xedda"),". O sistema de controle deve ter ao menos uma ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"io"},"entrada e uma sa\xedda"),", caso contr\xe1rio apresentar\xe1 erro de execu\xe7\xe3o."),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"O passo de integra\xe7\xe3o est\xe1 muito pequeno"),". Caso o passo de integra\xe7\xe3o esteja muito pequeno, os c\xe1lculos gerar\xe3o erros e ir\xe3o divergir. Reduza o passo de integra\xe7\xe3o nas ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"simulationConfig"},"configura\xe7\xf5es de simula\xe7\xe3o"),".")),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"a-seguinte-mensagem-de-erro-\xe9-exibida-imposs\xedvel-resolver-as-m\xe1quinas-do-sistema"},'A seguinte mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida: "Imposs\xedvel resolver as m\xe1quinas do sistema"'),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Essa mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida quando n\xe3o \xe9 poss\xedvel resolver as EADs das m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas inseridas no sistemas. As seguintes situa\xe7\xf5es podem ocasionar esse erro:"),(0,m.kt)("ul",null,(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Os par\xe2metros da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona est\xe3o incorretos"),". Caso par\xe2metros muito fora dos valores padr\xe3o das m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas sejam inseridos, o c\xe1lculo das EADs pode se tornar imposs\xedvel. Verifique se os dados foram inseridos corretamente."),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"O passo de integra\xe7\xe3o est\xe1 muito pequeno"),". Caso o passo de integra\xe7\xe3o esteja muito pequeno, os c\xe1lculos gerar\xe3o erros e ir\xe3o divergir. Reduza o passo de integra\xe7\xe3o nas ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"simulationConfig"},"configura\xe7\xf5es de simula\xe7\xe3o"),"."),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Os par\xe2metros do circuito est\xe3o incorretos"),". Caso par\xe2metros muito fora dos valores padr\xe3o dos elementos el\xe9tricos sejam inseridos, o c\xe1lculo de fluxo de carga pode divergir. Verifique se os dados foram inseridos corretamente."),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Algum barramento est\xe1 isolado"),". Esse erro \xe9 bastante comum e pode ocorrer ao inserir um barramento sem conect\xe1-lo ao sistema ou ao remover os elementos de ramo que conectam uma barra ao sistema. A solu\xe7\xe3o \xe9 eliminar essa barra do diagrama."),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Algum elemento possui par\xe2metros discrepantes dos demais"),". Caso um dos elementos inseridos possua um valor de imped\xe2ncia muito distinto dos demais, como por exemplo uma linha com imped\xe2ncia muito elevada ou uma carga muito pequena, pode levar \xe0 diverg\xeancia do m\xe9todo num\xe9rico. Nesse caso, reconsidere a necessidade de representa\xe7\xe3o desses elementos no circuito e alterne entre os m\xe9todos num\xe9ricos de solu\xe7\xe3o dispon\xedveis.")),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"a-seguinte-mensagem-de-erro-\xe9-exibida-erro-ao-inicializar-o-escorregamento-do-motor"},'A seguinte mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida: "Erro ao inicializar o escorregamento do motor..."'),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Essa mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida quando n\xe3o \xe9 poss\xedvel calcular o valor de escorregamento inicial do motor de indu\xe7\xe3o. As seguintes situa\xe7\xf5es podem ocasionar esse erro:"),(0,m.kt)("ul",null,(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Os par\xe2metros de estabilidade do motor est\xe3o incorretos"),". Caso par\xe2metros muito fora dos valores padr\xe3o dos motores de indu\xe7\xe3o sejam inseridos, o c\xe1lculo do escorregamento pode se tornar imposs\xedvel. Verifique se os dados foram inseridos corretamente.")),(0,m.kt)("h2",{id:"estrutura-da-ferramenta-de-estabilidade"},"Estrutura da ferramenta de estabilidade"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"A estabilidade de um SEP \xe9 um problema din\xe2mico e necessita de modelos mais elaborados de elementos de pot\xeancia comparados \xe0queles apresentados nos outros estudos. Esses modelos s\xe3o descritos individualmente, com destaque \xe0s ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"syncGenerator#gerador-s%C3%ADncrono-no-estudo-de-estabilidade"},"m\xe1quinas s\xedncronas"),", ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"load#carga-no-estudo-de-estabilidade"},"cargas ZIP")," e ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"indMotor#motor-de-indu%C3%A7%C3%A3o-trif%C3%A1sico-no-estudo-de-estabilidade"},"motores de indu\xe7\xe3o"),"."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"A representa\xe7\xe3o dos demais componentes do sistema el\xe9trico: ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"line"},"linhas de transmiss\xe3o"),", ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"transformer"},"transformadores")," e elementos ",(0,m.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"shunt")," (com exce\xe7\xe3o de cargas ZIP), que formam a rede de transmiss\xe3o ou distribui\xe7\xe3o balanceada, \xe9 realizada utilizando os mesmos modelos do ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow"},"fluxo de carga"),"."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Os modelos din\xe2micos para a an\xe1lise no dom\xednio do tempo s\xe3o na forma de um sistema de equa\xe7\xf5es alg\xe9brico-diferenciais (EADs), descritas a seguir:"),(0,m.kt)("div",{className:"math math-display"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"div",className:"katex-display"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML",display:"block"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mfrac",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"mfrac"},(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"d"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"x")),(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"mfrac"},(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"d"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"t"))),(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow"},"="),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"f"),(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",stretchy:"false"},"("),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"x"),(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",separator:"true"},","),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"y"),(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",separator:"true"},","),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",stretchy:"false"},")"),(0,m.kt)("mspace",{parentName:"mrow",linebreak:"newline"}),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"g"),(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow"},"="),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"f"),(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",stretchy:"false"},"("),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"x"),(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",separator:"true"},","),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"y"),(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",stretchy:"false"},")")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\dfrac{dx}{dt}= f(x,y,u)\\\\ g = f(x,y)")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"2.0574em",verticalAlign:"-0.686em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mopen nulldelimiter"}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mfrac"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"1.3714em"}},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.314em"}},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"d"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord 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mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.03588em"}},"g"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace",style:{marginRight:"0.2778em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mrel"},"="),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace",style:{marginRight:"0.2778em"}})),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"1em",verticalAlign:"-0.25em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.10764em"}},"f"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mopen"},"("),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"x"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mpunct"},","),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace",style:{marginRight:"0.1667em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.03588em"}},"y"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mclose"},")")))))),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Em que:"),(0,m.kt)("ul",null,(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"li",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"x")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"x")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.4306em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"x"))))),"\ts\xe3o as vari\xe1veis de estado"),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"li",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"y")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"y")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.03588em"}},"y"))))),"\ts\xe3o as vari\xe1veis de alg\xe9bricas"),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"li",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"u")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.4306em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"u"))))),"\ts\xe3o as vari\xe1veis de entrada")),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"As vari\xe1veis de entrada s\xe3o inseridas pelo usu\xe1rio e permanecem constantes durante todo o processo de c\xe1lculo. Para o problema de estabilidade, as vari\xe1veis alg\xe9bricas iniciais correspondem \xe0s tens\xf5es e \xe2ngulos das barras calculadas no ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow"},"fluxo de carga"),". As vari\xe1veis de estado iniciais s\xe3o estimadas ap\xf3s a converg\xeancia do fluxo de pot\xeancia (inicializa\xe7\xe3o dos elementos din\xe2micos)."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Na sequ\xeancia \xe9 apresentado, na forma de fluxogramas, a estrutura do m\xf3dulo de estabilidade implementado no PSP-UFU. O fluxograma abaixo mostra a estrutura geral da ferramenta de estabilidade."),(0,m.kt)("div",null,(0,m.kt)("center",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{src:(0,r.Z)("images/stabGeneral.svg"),alt:"Estrutura geral da ferramenta de estabilidade",title:"Estrutura geral da ferramenta de estabilidade"}))),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"A inicializa\xe7\xe3o da rede el\xe9trica e dos elementos din\xe2micos, assim como o precesso iterativo para solu\xe7\xe3o das EADs s\xe3o apresentados nos dois fluxogramas conseguintes."),(0,m.kt)("div",null,(0,m.kt)("center",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{src:(0,r.Z)("images/stabInit.svg"),alt:"Inicializa\xe7\xe3o da ferramenta de estabilidade",title:"Inicializa\xe7\xe3o da ferramenta de estabilidade"}))),(0,m.kt)("div",null,(0,m.kt)("center",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{src:(0,r.Z)("images/stabIterative.svg"),alt:"Processo iterativo para c\xe1lculo dos elementos din\xe2micos",title:"Estrutura geral da ferramenta de estabilidade"}))),(0,m.kt)("h3",{id:"integra\xe7\xe3o-num\xe9rica"},"Integra\xe7\xe3o num\xe9rica"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Para resolver as equa\xe7\xf5es diferenciais da m\xe1quina \xe9 necess\xe1rio um m\xe9todo de integra\xe7\xe3o num\xe9rica. Tais m\xe9todos s\xe3o classificados em dois grupos: m\xe9todos expl\xedcitos e m\xe9todos impl\xedcitos. Os m\xe9todos expl\xedcitos, devido \xe0 sua formula\xe7\xe3o, calculam diretamente o estado do sistema em um instante de tempo posterior, enquanto m\xe9todos impl\xedcitos envolvem estados atuais e posteriores em suas equa\xe7\xf5es, exigindo, portanto, um processo iterativo."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"As constantes de tempo presentes no estudo de estabilidade t\xeam uma grande varia\xe7\xe3o em seu valor (podem variar de ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"1"),(0,m.kt)("msup",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"msup"},"0"),(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"msup"},(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow"},"\u2212"),(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"3"))),(0,m.kt)("mtext",{parentName:"mrow"},"\xa0"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"s")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"10^{-3}~s")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.8141em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"1"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"0"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"msupsub"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8141em"}},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-3.063em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},"\u2212"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},"3"))))))))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace nobreak"},"\xa0"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"s")))))," a ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"10"),(0,m.kt)("mtext",{parentName:"mrow"},"\xa0"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"s")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"10~s")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.6444em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"10"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace nobreak"},"\xa0"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"s"))))),"). Isso torna o sistema de equa\xe7\xf5es diferenciais da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona como um sistema r\xedgido (",(0,m.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"em",href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiff_equation"},"stiff equation")),"). Caso a an\xe1lise da estabilidade num\xe9rica tanto das equa\xe7\xf5es diferenciais r\xedgidas quanto do m\xe9todo de integra\xe7\xe3o obtenham o mesmo comportamento, o m\xe9todo \xe9 chamado de absolutamente est\xe1vel, ou A-est\xe1vel."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"M\xe9todos de integra\xe7\xe3o num\xe9rica expl\xedcitos, como por exemplo o ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runge%E2%80%93Kutta_methods"},"Runge-Kutta")," de quarta ordem, n\xe3o podem ser A-est\xe1veis e, portanto, normalmente possuem comportamento ruim em problemas com equa\xe7\xf5es diferenciais r\xedgidas. Por outro lado, m\xe9todos impl\xedcitos podem ser A-est\xe1veis. Um m\xe9todo impl\xedcito adequado para solu\xe7\xe3o do comportamento din\xe2mico de sistemas el\xe9tricos \xe9 o ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Trapezoidal Impl\xedcito"),", por possuir as seguintes vantagens:"),(0,m.kt)("ul",null,(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"\xc9 numericamente est\xe1vel (A-est\xe1vel);"),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"\xc9 bastante r\xe1pida;"),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Possui boa precis\xe3o (dependendo somente do passo de integra\xe7\xe3o utilizado).")),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Tal m\xe9todo foi implementado no PSP-UFU tanto para solu\xe7\xe3o das equa\xe7\xf5es diferenciais da m\xe1quina s\xedncrona quanto nas ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"transferFunction"},"fun\xe7\xf5es transfer\xeancia")," do ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"controlEditor"},"sistema de controle"),". Sua formula\xe7\xe3o \xe9 dada pela seguinte express\xe3o:"),(0,m.kt)("div",{className:"math 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Power System Modelling and Scripting. London: Springer, 2010. doi: ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13669-6"},"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13669-6")),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"KUNDUR, P.; et al. Definition and classification of power system stability. IEEE Transactions Power Systems, v. 19, n. 2, mai 2004, p. 1387-1401. doi: ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2004.825981"},"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2004.825981")),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"ARRILLAGA, J.; WATSON, N. R. Computer Modelling of Electrical Power Systems. Wiley & Sons, New York, 2001. doi: ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118878286"},"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118878286")),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"PARK, R. H. Two-reactions Theory of Synchronous Machine. Generalized Method of Analysis \u2013 Part I. AIEE Transactions, v. 48, n. 3, jul 1929. doi: ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doi.org/10.1109/T-AIEE.1929.5055275"},"https://doi.org/10.1109/T-AIEE.1929.5055275")),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"ANDERSON, P. M.; FOUAD, A. A. Power System Control and Stability. Wiley-IEEE Press, New York, 2002. doi: ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doi.org/10.1109/9780470545577"},"https://doi.org/10.1109/9780470545577")),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"SAUER, P. W.; PAI, M. A. Power System Dynamics and Stability. Pretience Hall, Upper Saddle River, 1998."),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"KUNDUR, P. Power System Stability and Control. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1994."),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"DOMMEL, H. W.; SATO, N. Fast Transient Stability Solutions. IEEE Transactions on Power Aparatus and Systems, v. PAS-91, n. 4, jul 1972, p. 1643-1650. doi: ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAS.1972.293341"},"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAS.1972.293341"))))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/9e083272.2c9a532b.js b/docs/assets/js/9e083272.2c9a532b.js deleted file mode 100644 index 1be82a30..00000000 --- a/docs/assets/js/9e083272.2c9a532b.js +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -"use strict";(self.webpackChunkpsp_ufu=self.webpackChunkpsp_ufu||[]).push([[3249],{3905:function(e,a,t){t.d(a,{Zo:function(){return u},kt:function(){return d}});var r=t(7294);function n(e,a,t){return a in e?Object.defineProperty(e,a,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[a]=t,e}function o(e,a){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);a&&(r=r.filter((function(a){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,a).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,r)}return t}function i(e){for(var a=1;a=0||(n[t]=e[t]);return n}(e,a);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(n[t]=e[t])}return n}var l=r.createContext({}),c=function(e){var a=r.useContext(l),t=a;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(a):i(i({},a),e)),t},u=function(e){var a=c(e.components);return r.createElement(l.Provider,{value:a},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var a=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},a)}},m=r.forwardRef((function(e,a){var t=e.components,n=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,u=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),m=c(t),d=n,v=m["".concat(l,".").concat(d)]||m[d]||p[d]||o;return t?r.createElement(v,i(i({ref:a},u),{},{components:t})):r.createElement(v,i({ref:a},u))}));function d(e,a){var t=arguments,n=a&&a.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||n){var o=t.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=m;var s={};for(var l in a)hasOwnProperty.call(a,l)&&(s[l]=a[l]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:n,i[1]=s;for(var c=2;c child <"+("string"==typeof e.type?e.type:e.type.name)+'>: all children of the component should be , and every should have a unique "value" prop.')})),h=null!=m?m:f.map((function(e){var a=e.props;return{value:a.value,label:a.label,attributes:a.attributes}})),b=(0,i.lx)(h,(function(e,a){return e.value===a.value}));if(b.length>0)throw new Error('Docusaurus error: Duplicate values "'+b.map((function(e){return e.value})).join(", ")+'" found in . 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Sua unidade pode ser selecionada, sendo expressa em V ou em kV."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A modifica\xe7\xe3o desse par\xe2metro ir\xe1 alterar toda a tens\xe3o do trecho conectado por linhas el\xe9tricas, sendo emitido um alerta ao usu\xe1rio."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"tens\xe3o-controlada"},"Tens\xe3o controlada"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Caracteriza o barramento como ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"barra de tens\xe3o controlada (",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"strong",href:"powerFlow"},"Barra PV"),")"),","),(0,r.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"},(0,r.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,r.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,r.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"16",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 16 16"},(0,r.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"}))),"Aten\xe7\xe3o!")),(0,r.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Essa op\xe7\xe3o \xe9 somente v\xe1lida caso alguma m\xe1quina s\xedncrona esteja conectado, caso contr\xe1rio esse valor ser\xe1 ignorado. 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Essa op\xe7\xe3o \xe9 somente v\xe1lida caso esteja conectado um gerador s\xedncrono, caso contr\xe1rio uma mensagem de erro ser\xe1 exibida ao usu\xe1rio ao realizar algum dos c\xe1lculos do programa.")),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{value:"fault",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"inserir-falta"},"Inserir falta"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Indica se existe um curto-circuito na barra nos estudos de ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"fault"},"curto-circuito"),"."),(0,r.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-warning alert alert--danger"},(0,r.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,r.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,r.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"12",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 12 16"},(0,r.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M5.05.31c.81 2.17.41 3.38-.52 4.31C3.55 5.67 1.98 6.45.9 7.98c-1.45 2.05-1.7 6.53 3.53 7.7-2.2-1.16-2.67-4.52-.3-6.61-.61 2.03.53 3.33 1.94 2.86 1.39-.47 2.3.53 2.27 1.67-.02.78-.31 1.44-1.13 1.81 3.42-.59 4.78-3.42 4.78-5.56 0-2.84-2.53-3.22-1.25-5.61-1.52.13-2.03 1.13-1.89 2.75.09 1.08-1.02 1.8-1.86 1.33-.67-.41-.66-1.19-.06-1.78C8.18 5.31 8.68 2.45 5.05.32L5.03.3l.02.01z"}))),"Cuidado!")),(0,r.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Nota-se que essa op\xe7\xe3o ir\xe1 inserir uma falta no c\xe1lculo de ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"fault"},"curto-circuito")," e ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"n\xe3o ser\xe1 considerado no estudo de estabilidade"),"."))),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"tipo-de-falta"},"Tipo de falta"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Seleciona o tipo de falha shunt da barra:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"trif\xe1sico para a terra"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"fase-fase"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"fase-fase-terra"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"fase-terra")),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"local-da-falta"},"Local da falta"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Seleciona a fase em que se situa a falta (ou combina\xe7\xe3o delas no caso de falha entre duas fases), sendo essa op\xe7\xe3o desabilitada para o tipo de falta trif\xe1sica."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"resist\xeancia-e-reat\xe2ncia-de-falta"},"Resist\xeancia e reat\xe2ncia de falta"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Representam a imped\xe2ncia da falta. Curtos-circuitos francos (sem imped\xe2ncia de falta) s\xe3o representados inserindo valor zero em ambos os campos.")),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{value:"stability",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"imprimir-dados"},"Imprimir dados"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Mostra os dados da barra editada no gr\xe1fico gerado pelo estudo de estabilidade transit\xf3ria. Os seguintes dados s\xe3o exibidos:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"m\xf3dulo da tens\xe3o do barramento"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"\xe2ngulo da tens\xe3o do barramento.")),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"inserir-falta-1"},"Inserir falta"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Insere uma falta trif\xe1sica na barra no c\xe1lculo de ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"stability"},"estabilidade"),"."),(0,r.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-warning alert alert--danger"},(0,r.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,r.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,r.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"12",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 12 16"},(0,r.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M5.05.31c.81 2.17.41 3.38-.52 4.31C3.55 5.67 1.98 6.45.9 7.98c-1.45 2.05-1.7 6.53 3.53 7.7-2.2-1.16-2.67-4.52-.3-6.61-.61 2.03.53 3.33 1.94 2.86 1.39-.47 2.3.53 2.27 1.67-.02.78-.31 1.44-1.13 1.81 3.42-.59 4.78-3.42 4.78-5.56 0-2.84-2.53-3.22-1.25-5.61-1.52.13-2.03 1.13-1.89 2.75.09 1.08-1.02 1.8-1.86 1.33-.67-.41-.66-1.19-.06-1.78C8.18 5.31 8.68 2.45 5.05.32L5.03.3l.02.01z"}))),"Cuidado!")),(0,r.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Nota-se que essa op\xe7\xe3o ir\xe1 inserir uma falta no c\xe1lculo de ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"stability"},"estabilidade")," e ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"n\xe3o ser\xe1 considerado no estudo de ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"strong",href:"fault"},"curto-circuito")),"."))),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"tempo"},"Tempo"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Instante no tempo (",(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,r.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,r.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,r.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,r.kt)("msub",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,r.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msub"},"t"),(0,r.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"msub"},(0,r.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"f"),(0,r.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"a"),(0,r.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"l"),(0,r.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"t"),(0,r.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"a")))),(0,r.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"t_{falta}")))),(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.9012em",verticalAlign:"-0.2861em"}}),(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"t"),(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"msupsub"},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3361em"}},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.55em",marginLeft:"0em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight",style:{marginRight:"0.10764em"}},"f"),(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"a"),(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"lt"),(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"a"))))),(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.2861em"}},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"})))))))))),") em que ocorre a falta durante os estudos de ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"stability"},"estabilidade"),". Esse campo e os pr\xf3ximos s\xe3o somente acessados caso seja inserida uma falta no estudo de estabilidade."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"dura\xe7\xe3o-da-falta"},"Dura\xe7\xe3o da falta"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Dura\xe7\xe3o da falta inserida (",(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,r.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,r.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,r.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,r.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"\u0394"),(0,r.kt)("msub",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,r.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msub"},"t"),(0,r.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"msub"},(0,r.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"f"),(0,r.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"a"),(0,r.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"l"),(0,r.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"t"),(0,r.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"a")))),(0,r.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\Delta t_{falta}")))),(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.9694em",verticalAlign:"-0.2861em"}}),(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"\u0394"),(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"t"),(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"msupsub"},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3361em"}},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.55em",marginLeft:"0em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mtight"},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight",style:{marginRight:"0.10764em"}},"f"),(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"a"),(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"lt"),(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"a"))))),(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.2861em"}},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"})))))))))),") no estudo de estabilidade. A falta ir\xe1 iniciar no instante ",(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,r.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,r.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,r.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,r.kt)("msub",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,r.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msub"},"t"),(0,r.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"msub"},(0,r.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"f"),(0,r.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"a"),(0,r.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"l"),(0,r.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"t"),(0,r.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"a")))),(0,r.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"t_{falta}")))),(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.9012em",verticalAlign:"-0.2861em"}}),(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,r.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord 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Em vers\xf5es futuras, um elemento de filtro passivo ser\xe1 implementado no PSP-UFU.")),(0,m.kt)("admonition",{title:"Aten\xe7\xe3o!",type:"caution"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Na vers\xe3o atual do programa n\xe3o s\xe3o consideradas as altera\xe7\xf5es das resist\xeancias do sistema causado pelo efeito pelicular. Vers\xf5es futuras ir\xe3o contemplar tal caracter\xedstica.")),(0,m.kt)("h2",{id:"execu\xe7\xe3o-do-c\xe1lculo-de-harm\xf4nicos-no-psp-ufu"},"Execu\xe7\xe3o do c\xe1lculo de harm\xf4nicos no PSP-UFU"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Ap\xf3s a constru\xe7\xe3o do diagrama unifilar no ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerEditor"},"editor de pot\xeancia"),", a execu\xe7\xe3o do c\xe1lculo das distor\xe7\xf5es harm\xf4nicas \xe9 realizada no ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"mainScreen#menu-ribbon"},"menu Simula\xe7\xe3o")," clicando no bot\xe3o ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Distor\xe7\xf5es Harm\xf4nicas"),". 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Vers\xf5es futuras ir\xe3o contemplar tal caracter\xedstica."))),(0,m.kt)("h2",{id:"execu\xe7\xe3o-do-c\xe1lculo-de-harm\xf4nicos-no-psp-ufu"},"Execu\xe7\xe3o do c\xe1lculo de harm\xf4nicos no PSP-UFU"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Ap\xf3s a constru\xe7\xe3o do diagrama unifilar no ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerEditor"},"editor de pot\xeancia"),", a execu\xe7\xe3o do c\xe1lculo das distor\xe7\xf5es harm\xf4nicas \xe9 realizada no ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"mainScreen#menu-ribbon"},"menu Simula\xe7\xe3o")," clicando no bot\xe3o ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Distor\xe7\xf5es Harm\xf4nicas"),". 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Com essa op\xe7\xe3o, os c\xe1lculos est\xe1ticos selecionados nas ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"simulationConfig"},"configura\xe7\xf5es de simula\xe7\xe3o")," s\xe3o automaticamente realizados ao modificar quaisquer par\xe2metros da rede, como dados el\xe9tricos e acionamento dos disjuntores dos elementos (remo\xe7\xe3o ou inser\xe7\xe3o)."),(0,m.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-warning alert alert--danger"},(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,m.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,m.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"12",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 12 16"},(0,m.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M5.05.31c.81 2.17.41 3.38-.52 4.31C3.55 5.67 1.98 6.45.9 7.98c-1.45 2.05-1.7 6.53 3.53 7.7-2.2-1.16-2.67-4.52-.3-6.61-.61 2.03.53 3.33 1.94 2.86 1.39-.47 2.3.53 2.27 1.67-.02.78-.31 1.44-1.13 1.81 3.42-.59 4.78-3.42 4.78-5.56 0-2.84-2.53-3.22-1.25-5.61-1.52.13-2.03 1.13-1.89 2.75.09 1.08-1.02 1.8-1.86 1.33-.67-.41-.66-1.19-.06-1.78C8.18 5.31 8.68 2.45 5.05.32L5.03.3l.02.01z"}))),"Cuidado!")),(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Os c\xe1lculos dos n\xedveis de THD ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"n\xe3o s\xe3o habilitados por padr\xe3o")," no c\xe1lculo cont\xednuo e devem ser inseridos nas ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"simulationConfig"},"configura\xe7\xf5es de simula\xe7\xe3o"),"."))),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Os resultados das distor\xe7\xf5es harm\xf4nicas s\xe3o exibidos nos ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"text"},"elementos de texto vinculados")," e ao posicionar o mouse sobre um barramento."),(0,m.kt)("h3",{id:"resposta-na-frequ\xeancia"},"Resposta na Frequ\xeancia"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,'Ao clicar sobre o bot\xe3o "Resposta na Frequ\xeancia" ser\xe1 exibido um formul\xe1rio para inser\xe7\xe3o dos par\xe2metros da ferramenta:'),(0,m.kt)("div",null,(0,m.kt)("center",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{src:(0,p.Z)("images/injHarmCurrent.png"),alt:"Acesso \xe0 ferramentas resposta na frequ\xeancia",title:"Acesso \xe0 ferramentas resposta na frequ\xeancia"}))),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"frequ\xeancia-inicial"},"Frequ\xeancia inicial"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Define a frequ\xeancia inicial da varredura."),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"frequ\xeancia-final"},"Frequ\xeancia final"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Define a frequ\xeancia final da varredura."),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"passo-de-frequ\xeancia"},"Passo de frequ\xeancia"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Define o passo de incremento da frequ\xeancia. Passos menores ir\xe3o gerar gr\xe1ficos mais precisos, por\xe9m podem aumentar muito o tempo de execu\xe7\xe3o."),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"corrente-injetada"},"Corrente injetada"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Define o barramento o qual ser\xe1 injetada a corrente harm\xf4nica para an\xe1lise."),(0,m.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-tip alert alert--success"},(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,m.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,m.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"12",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 12 16"},(0,m.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M6.5 0C3.48 0 1 2.19 1 5c0 .92.55 2.25 1 3 1.34 2.25 1.78 2.78 2 4v1h5v-1c.22-1.22.66-1.75 2-4 .45-.75 1-2.08 1-3 0-2.81-2.48-5-5.5-5zm3.64 7.48c-.25.44-.47.8-.67 1.11-.86 1.41-1.25 2.06-1.45 3.23-.02.05-.02.11-.02.17H5c0-.06 0-.13-.02-.17-.2-1.17-.59-1.83-1.45-3.23-.2-.31-.42-.67-.67-1.11C2.44 6.78 2 5.65 2 5c0-2.2 2.02-4 4.5-4 1.22 0 2.36.42 3.22 1.19C10.55 2.94 11 3.94 11 5c0 .66-.44 1.78-.86 2.48zM4 14h5c-.23 1.14-1.3 2-2.5 2s-2.27-.86-2.5-2z"}))),"Dica")),(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},'Esse campo pode ser entendido como: "',(0,m.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"A resposta das imped\xe2ncias harm\xf4nicas vistas pelos barramentos do sistema caso tenha uma fonte de corrente harm\xf4nica na barra selecionada"),'".'))),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"bot\xe3o-executar"},"Bot\xe3o Executar"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Ao clicar no bot\xe3o executar a varredura ser\xe1 executada e os resultados exibidos no ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"graphViewer"},"vizualizador de gr\xe1ficos"),", como mostra a imagem abaixo."),(0,m.kt)("div",null,(0,m.kt)("center",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{src:(0,p.Z)("images/freqScanPlot.png"),alt:"Exemplo de resposta na frequ\xeancia",title:"Exemplo de resposta na frequ\xeancia"}))),(0,m.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-warning alert alert--danger"},(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,m.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,m.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"12",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 12 16"},(0,m.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M5.05.31c.81 2.17.41 3.38-.52 4.31C3.55 5.67 1.98 6.45.9 7.98c-1.45 2.05-1.7 6.53 3.53 7.7-2.2-1.16-2.67-4.52-.3-6.61-.61 2.03.53 3.33 1.94 2.86 1.39-.47 2.3.53 2.27 1.67-.02.78-.31 1.44-1.13 1.81 3.42-.59 4.78-3.42 4.78-5.56 0-2.84-2.53-3.22-1.25-5.61-1.52.13-2.03 1.13-1.89 2.75.09 1.08-1.02 1.8-1.86 1.33-.67-.41-.66-1.19-.06-1.78C8.18 5.31 8.68 2.45 5.05.32L5.03.3l.02.01z"}))),"Cuidado!")),(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Para visualizar a varredura da imped\xe2ncia harm\xf4nica de um barramento, essa op\xe7\xe3o deve ser habilitada em seu ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"bus#imprimir-imped%C3%A2ncia-harm%C3%B4nica-da-barra"},"formul\xe1rio de edi\xe7\xe3o de dados"),"."))),(0,m.kt)("h2",{id:"c\xe1lculos-das-ferramentas-harm\xf4nicas"},"C\xe1lculos das ferramentas harm\xf4nicas"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Ambos c\xe1lculos s\xe3o realizados a partir da seguinte equa\xe7\xe3o matricial:"),(0,m.kt)("div",{className:"math 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De 70 a 80% das faltas em linhas de transmiss\xe3o s\xe3o entre uma fase e terra, as quais ocorrem devido ao centelhamento de apenas uma fase da linha para a torre e ent\xe3o para a terra.O menor n\xfamero de faltas, cerca de 5%, envolve todas as tr\xeas fases, chamadas de faltas trif\xe1sicas. Os outros tipos de faltas envolvem duas fases e duas fases e a terra."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Todas essas falhas, exceto a trif\xe1sica, s\xe3o assim\xe9tricas e causam desequil\xedbrio entre as fases."),(0,m.kt)("h2",{id:"c\xe1lculo-de-curto-circuito-no-psp-ufu"},"C\xe1lculo de Curto-Circuito no PSP-UFU"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"O primeiro est\xe1gio do c\xe1lculo de curto-circuito \xe9 a determina\xe7\xe3o das tens\xf5es pr\xe9-falta, das pot\xeancias de gera\xe7\xe3o e cargas do sistema. Esses dados s\xe3o obtidos por meio do estudo de ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow"},"fluxo de carga"),"."),(0,m.kt)("admonition",{title:"Informa\xe7\xe3o",type:"info"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Atualmente, o PSP-UFU fornece resultado para os seguintes tipos de falta:"),(0,m.kt)("ul",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Falta Trif\xe1sica (3F-T);"),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Falta Fase-Terra (F-T);"),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Falta Fase-Fase (F-F);"),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Falta Fase-Fase-Terra (F-F-T)."))),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Os modelos dos elementos el\xe9tricos que constituem um sistema de pot\xeancia para o estudo de curto-circuito s\xe3o semelhantes aos do fluxo de carga, apresentando algumas diverg\xeancias para as faltas desbalanceadas (F-T, F-F e F-F-T)."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"As faltas que ocorrem com maior frequ\xeancia em sistemas de pot\xeancia s\xe3o assim\xe9tricas. Como qualquer falta assim\xe9trica provoca fluxo de corrente desequilibrada \xe9 necess\xe1rio empregar o m\xe9todo das componentes sim\xe9tricas. Esse m\xe9todo permite o estudo de sistemas balanceados em conjunto cargas desbalanceadas."),(0,m.kt)("h2",{id:"execu\xe7\xe3o-do-c\xe1lculo-de-curto-circuito-no-psp-ufu"},"Execu\xe7\xe3o do c\xe1lculo de curto-circuito no PSP-UFU"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Existem duas formas de se calcular o curto-circuito no PSP-UFU:"),(0,m.kt)("ul",null,(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Falta"),": Calcula a falta inserida nas ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"bus"},"barras"),". Nesse tipo de c\xe1lculo \xe9 poss\xedvel calcular faltas ",(0,m.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"shunt")," nos ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"bus"},"barramentos")," balanceadas e desbalanceadas."),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"N\xedvel de curto-circuito"),": Calcula o n\xedvel de curto-circuito (falta trif\xe1sica) em todos ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"bus"},"barramentos")," do sistema.")),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Ap\xf3s a constru\xe7\xe3o do diagrama unifilar no ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerEditor"},"editor de pot\xeancia"),", a execu\xe7\xe3o do c\xe1lculo de curto-circuito \xe9 realizada no ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"mainScreen#menu-ribbon"},"menu Simula\xe7\xe3o")," clicando no bot\xe3o ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Falta"),". Para calcular o n\xedvel de curto-circuito (falta trif\xe1sica) em todos ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"bus"},"barramentos")," do sistema, basta clicar no bot\xe3o ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"N\xedvel de curto-circuito"),"."),(0,m.kt)("div",null,(0,m.kt)("center",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{src:(0,p.Z)("images/menuSimulationFaulta.svg"),alt:"Execu\xe7\xe3o dos c\xe1lculos de curto-circuito",title:"Execu\xe7\xe3o dos c\xe1lculos de curto-circuito"}))),(0,m.kt)("admonition",{title:"Aten\xe7\xe3o",type:"caution"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"\xc9 poss\xedvel calcular as faltas sem a execu\xe7\xe3o do ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow"},"fluxo de carga"),", por\xe9m ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"n\xe3o \xe9 recomend\xe1vel"),", visto que os valores das correntes de falta s\xe3o significativamente alteradas.")),(0,m.kt)("p",null,(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Outra possibilidade")," \xe9 a execu\xe7\xe3o por meio do c\xe1lculo cont\xednuo, tamb\xe9m presente no ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"mainScreen#menu-ribbon"},"menu Simula\xe7\xe3o")," e seu acionamento \xe9 realizado co clicar no bot\xe3o ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Habilitar solu\xe7\xe3o"),". Com essa op\xe7\xe3o, os c\xe1lculos est\xe1ticos selecionados nas ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"simulationConfig"},"configura\xe7\xf5es de simula\xe7\xe3o")," s\xe3o automaticamente realizados ao modificar quaisquer par\xe2metros da rede, como dados el\xe9tricos e acionamento dos disjuntores dos elementos (remo\xe7\xe3o ou inser\xe7\xe3o)."),(0,m.kt)("admonition",{title:"Cuidado!",type:"warning"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Os c\xe1lculos de curtos-circuitos n\xe3o s\xe3o habilitados por padr\xe3o no c\xe1lculo cont\xednuo e devem ser inseridos nas ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"simulationConfig"},"configura\xe7\xf5es de simula\xe7\xe3o"),".")),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Os resultados do c\xe1lculo de curto-circuito s\xe3o exibidos nos ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"text"},"elementos de texto vinculado"),", ao posicionar o mouse sobre os barramentos e em ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"tabularReport"},"relat\xf3rios tabulares"),"."),(0,m.kt)("h3",{id:"erros-comuns-na-execu\xe7\xe3o-do-c\xe1lculo-de-curto-circuito"},"Erros comuns na execu\xe7\xe3o do c\xe1lculo de curto-circuito"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"A seguir s\xe3o apresentados os erros mais comuns relacionados ao calculo de curto-circuito."),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"a-seguinte-mensagem-de-erro-\xe9-exibida-falha-ao-inverter-a-matriz-admit\xe2ncia-de-sequ\xeancia-zero"},'A seguinte mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida: "Falha ao inverter a matriz admit\xe2ncia de sequ\xeancia zero"'),(0,m.kt)("ul",null,(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Impossibilidade de circula\xe7\xe3o da corrente de sequ\xeancia zero"),". Caso o gerador n\xe3o seja aterrado, n\xe3o circular\xe1 corrente de sequ\xeancia zero por ele. Nesse caso, dependendo da conex\xe3o do transformador pr\xf3ximo ao gerador sem aterramento, a matriz admit\xe2ncia de sequ\xeancia zero \xe9 singular. Para contornar esse problema escolha uma das duas solu\xe7\xf5es abaixo:",(0,m.kt)("ul",{parentName:"li"},(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},'Marque a op\xe7\xe3o "Neutro aterrado" e insira um alto valor de reat\xe2ncia de aterramento (',(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"li",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"j"),(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"9999"),(0,m.kt)("mtext",{parentName:"mrow"},"\xa0"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"."),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},".")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"j9999~p.u.")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.854em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.05724em"}},"j"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"9999"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace nobreak"},"\xa0"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"p"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"u"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."))))),", por exemplo);"),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Ou, na barra do gerador, insira um reator de baixo valor de pot\xeancia reativa (",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"li",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"1"),(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",separator:"true",lspace:"0em",rspace:"0em"},","),(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"0"),(0,m.kt)("mtext",{parentName:"mrow"},"\xa0"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"v"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"a"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"r")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"1{,}0~var")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.8389em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"1"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mpunct"},",")),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"0"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace nobreak"},"\xa0"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.03588em"}},"v"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"a"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.02778em"}},"r"))))),", por exemplo).")))),(0,m.kt)("h2",{id:"o-c\xe1lculo-de-curto-circuito"},"O c\xe1lculo de curto-circuito"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Como j\xe1 foi apresentado anteriormente, as faltas que ocorrem com maior frequ\xeancia em sistemas de pot\xeancia s\xe3o assim\xe9tricas. Como qualquer falta assim\xe9trica provoca fluxo de corrente desequilibrada \xe9 necess\xe1rio empregar o m\xe9todo das componentes sim\xe9tricas. Esse m\xe9todo permite o estudo de sistemas balanceados com cargas desbalanceadas."),(0,m.kt)("h3",{id:"m\xe9todo-das-componentes-sim\xe9tricas"},"M\xe9todo das componentes sim\xe9tricas"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Esse m\xe9todo proposto por C. L. Fortescue, permite definir um sistema de n fasores desbalanceados em n \u2013 1 sistemas de n fases balanceados e um sistema de fase zero. O sistema de fase zero \xe9 definido por todas as fases de mesmo m\xf3dulo e \xe2ngulo.\nPara um sistema trif\xe1sico pode-se definir tr\xeas componentes de sequ\xeancia:"),(0,m.kt)("ol",null,(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Componentes de sequ\xeancia positiva, constituindo em tr\xeas fasores iguais em m\xf3dulo, 120\xba defasados entre si, e tendo a mesma sequ\xeancia de fase que os fasores originais;"),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Componentes de sequ\xeancia negativa, constituindo em tr\xeas fasores iguais em m\xf3dulo, 120\xba defasados entre si, e tendo a sequ\xeancia de fase oposta \xe0 dos fasores originais."),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Componentes de sequ\xeancia zero, constituindo em tr\xeas fasores iguais em m\xf3dulo e com defasagem nula entre si.")),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Com isso pode-se decompor as tens\xf5es de fase em componentes sim\xe9tricas pelas seguintes equa\xe7\xf5es:"),(0,m.kt)("div",{className:"math 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componentes sim\xe9tricas e sua soma para obter os fasores desequilibrados"}))),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Para simplificar os c\xe1lculos adota-se um operador \u201c",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math 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para faltas desbalanceadas \xe9 realizado seguindo o seguinte procedimento:"),(0,m.kt)("ol",null,(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Definir os diagramas no ponto da falta, mostrando as conex\xf5es de todas fases para a falta. 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De 70 a 80% das faltas em linhas de transmiss\xe3o s\xe3o entre uma fase e terra, as quais ocorrem devido ao centelhamento de apenas uma fase da linha para a torre e ent\xe3o para a terra.O menor n\xfamero de faltas, cerca de 5%, envolve todas as tr\xeas fases, chamadas de faltas trif\xe1sicas. Os outros tipos de faltas envolvem duas fases e duas fases e a terra."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Todas essas falhas, exceto a trif\xe1sica, s\xe3o assim\xe9tricas e causam desequil\xedbrio entre as fases."),(0,m.kt)("h2",{id:"c\xe1lculo-de-curto-circuito-no-psp-ufu"},"C\xe1lculo de Curto-Circuito no PSP-UFU"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"O primeiro est\xe1gio do c\xe1lculo de curto-circuito \xe9 a determina\xe7\xe3o das tens\xf5es pr\xe9-falta, das pot\xeancias de gera\xe7\xe3o e cargas do sistema. Esses dados s\xe3o obtidos por meio do estudo de ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow"},"fluxo de carga"),"."),(0,m.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-info alert alert--info"},(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,m.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,m.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"14",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 14 16"},(0,m.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M7 2.3c3.14 0 5.7 2.56 5.7 5.7s-2.56 5.7-5.7 5.7A5.71 5.71 0 0 1 1.3 8c0-3.14 2.56-5.7 5.7-5.7zM7 1C3.14 1 0 4.14 0 8s3.14 7 7 7 7-3.14 7-7-3.14-7-7-7zm1 3H6v5h2V4zm0 6H6v2h2v-2z"}))),"Informa\xe7\xe3o")),(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Atualmente, o PSP-UFU fornece resultado para os seguintes tipos de falta:"),(0,m.kt)("ul",{parentName:"div"},(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Falta Trif\xe1sica (3F-T);"),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Falta Fase-Terra (F-T);"),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Falta Fase-Fase (F-F);"),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Falta Fase-Fase-Terra (F-F-T).")))),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Os modelos dos elementos el\xe9tricos que constituem um sistema de pot\xeancia para o estudo de curto-circuito s\xe3o semelhantes aos do fluxo de carga, apresentando algumas diverg\xeancias para as faltas desbalanceadas (F-T, F-F e F-F-T)."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"As faltas que ocorrem com maior frequ\xeancia em sistemas de pot\xeancia s\xe3o assim\xe9tricas. Como qualquer falta assim\xe9trica provoca fluxo de corrente desequilibrada \xe9 necess\xe1rio empregar o m\xe9todo das componentes sim\xe9tricas. Esse m\xe9todo permite o estudo de sistemas balanceados em conjunto cargas desbalanceadas."),(0,m.kt)("h2",{id:"execu\xe7\xe3o-do-c\xe1lculo-de-curto-circuito-no-psp-ufu"},"Execu\xe7\xe3o do c\xe1lculo de curto-circuito no PSP-UFU"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Existem duas formas de se calcular o curto-circuito no PSP-UFU:"),(0,m.kt)("ul",null,(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Falta"),": Calcula a falta inserida nas ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"bus"},"barras"),". Nesse tipo de c\xe1lculo \xe9 poss\xedvel calcular faltas ",(0,m.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"shunt")," nos ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"bus"},"barramentos")," balanceadas e desbalanceadas."),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"N\xedvel de curto-circuito"),": Calcula o n\xedvel de curto-circuito (falta trif\xe1sica) em todos ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"bus"},"barramentos")," do sistema.")),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Ap\xf3s a constru\xe7\xe3o do diagrama unifilar no ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerEditor"},"editor de pot\xeancia"),", a execu\xe7\xe3o do c\xe1lculo de curto-circuito \xe9 realizada no ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"mainScreen#menu-ribbon"},"menu Simula\xe7\xe3o")," clicando no bot\xe3o ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Falta"),". Para calcular o n\xedvel de curto-circuito (falta trif\xe1sica) em todos ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"bus"},"barramentos")," do sistema, basta clicar no bot\xe3o ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"N\xedvel de curto-circuito"),"."),(0,m.kt)("div",null,(0,m.kt)("center",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{src:(0,p.Z)("images/menuSimulationFaulta.svg"),alt:"Execu\xe7\xe3o dos c\xe1lculos de curto-circuito",title:"Execu\xe7\xe3o dos c\xe1lculos de curto-circuito"}))),(0,m.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"},(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,m.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,m.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"16",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 16 16"},(0,m.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"}))),"Aten\xe7\xe3o")),(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"\xc9 poss\xedvel calcular as faltas sem a execu\xe7\xe3o do ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow"},"fluxo de carga"),", por\xe9m ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"n\xe3o \xe9 recomend\xe1vel"),", visto que os valores das correntes de falta s\xe3o significativamente alteradas."))),(0,m.kt)("p",null,(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Outra possibilidade")," \xe9 a execu\xe7\xe3o por meio do c\xe1lculo cont\xednuo, tamb\xe9m presente no ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"mainScreen#menu-ribbon"},"menu Simula\xe7\xe3o")," e seu acionamento \xe9 realizado co clicar no bot\xe3o ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Habilitar solu\xe7\xe3o"),". Com essa op\xe7\xe3o, os c\xe1lculos est\xe1ticos selecionados nas ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"simulationConfig"},"configura\xe7\xf5es de simula\xe7\xe3o")," s\xe3o automaticamente realizados ao modificar quaisquer par\xe2metros da rede, como dados el\xe9tricos e acionamento dos disjuntores dos elementos (remo\xe7\xe3o ou inser\xe7\xe3o)."),(0,m.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-warning alert alert--danger"},(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,m.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,m.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"12",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 12 16"},(0,m.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M5.05.31c.81 2.17.41 3.38-.52 4.31C3.55 5.67 1.98 6.45.9 7.98c-1.45 2.05-1.7 6.53 3.53 7.7-2.2-1.16-2.67-4.52-.3-6.61-.61 2.03.53 3.33 1.94 2.86 1.39-.47 2.3.53 2.27 1.67-.02.78-.31 1.44-1.13 1.81 3.42-.59 4.78-3.42 4.78-5.56 0-2.84-2.53-3.22-1.25-5.61-1.52.13-2.03 1.13-1.89 2.75.09 1.08-1.02 1.8-1.86 1.33-.67-.41-.66-1.19-.06-1.78C8.18 5.31 8.68 2.45 5.05.32L5.03.3l.02.01z"}))),"Cuidado!")),(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Os c\xe1lculos de curtos-circuitos n\xe3o s\xe3o habilitados por padr\xe3o no c\xe1lculo cont\xednuo e devem ser inseridos nas ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"simulationConfig"},"configura\xe7\xf5es de simula\xe7\xe3o"),"."))),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Os resultados do c\xe1lculo de curto-circuito s\xe3o exibidos nos ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"text"},"elementos de texto vinculado"),", ao posicionar o mouse sobre os barramentos e em ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"tabularReport"},"relat\xf3rios tabulares"),"."),(0,m.kt)("h3",{id:"erros-comuns-na-execu\xe7\xe3o-do-c\xe1lculo-de-curto-circuito"},"Erros comuns na execu\xe7\xe3o do c\xe1lculo de curto-circuito"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"A seguir s\xe3o apresentados os erros mais comuns relacionados ao calculo de curto-circuito."),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"a-seguinte-mensagem-de-erro-\xe9-exibida-falha-ao-inverter-a-matriz-admit\xe2ncia-de-sequ\xeancia-zero"},'A seguinte mensagem de erro \xe9 exibida: "Falha ao inverter a matriz admit\xe2ncia de sequ\xeancia zero"'),(0,m.kt)("ul",null,(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Impossibilidade de circula\xe7\xe3o da corrente de sequ\xeancia zero"),". Caso o gerador n\xe3o seja aterrado, n\xe3o circular\xe1 corrente de sequ\xeancia zero por ele. Nesse caso, dependendo da conex\xe3o do transformador pr\xf3ximo ao gerador sem aterramento, a matriz admit\xe2ncia de sequ\xeancia zero \xe9 singular. Para contornar esse problema escolha uma das duas solu\xe7\xf5es abaixo:",(0,m.kt)("ul",{parentName:"li"},(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},'Marque a op\xe7\xe3o "Neutro aterrado" e insira um alto valor de reat\xe2ncia de aterramento (',(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"li",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"j"),(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"9999"),(0,m.kt)("mtext",{parentName:"mrow"},"\xa0"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"."),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},".")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"j9999~p.u.")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.854em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.05724em"}},"j"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"9999"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace nobreak"},"\xa0"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"p"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"u"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."))))),", por exemplo);"),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Ou, na barra do gerador, insira um reator de baixo valor de pot\xeancia reativa (",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"li",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"1"),(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",separator:"true",lspace:"0em",rspace:"0em"},","),(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"0"),(0,m.kt)("mtext",{parentName:"mrow"},"\xa0"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"v"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"a"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"r")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"1{,}0~var")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.8389em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"1"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mpunct"},",")),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"0"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace nobreak"},"\xa0"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.03588em"}},"v"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"a"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.02778em"}},"r"))))),", por exemplo).")))),(0,m.kt)("h2",{id:"o-c\xe1lculo-de-curto-circuito"},"O c\xe1lculo de curto-circuito"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Como j\xe1 foi apresentado anteriormente, as faltas que ocorrem com maior frequ\xeancia em sistemas de pot\xeancia s\xe3o assim\xe9tricas. Como qualquer falta assim\xe9trica provoca fluxo de corrente desequilibrada \xe9 necess\xe1rio empregar o m\xe9todo das componentes sim\xe9tricas. Esse m\xe9todo permite o estudo de sistemas balanceados com cargas desbalanceadas."),(0,m.kt)("h3",{id:"m\xe9todo-das-componentes-sim\xe9tricas"},"M\xe9todo das componentes sim\xe9tricas"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Esse m\xe9todo proposto por C. L. Fortescue, permite definir um sistema de n fasores desbalanceados em n \u2013 1 sistemas de n fases balanceados e um sistema de fase zero. O sistema de fase zero \xe9 definido por todas as fases de mesmo m\xf3dulo e \xe2ngulo.\nPara um sistema trif\xe1sico pode-se definir tr\xeas componentes de sequ\xeancia:"),(0,m.kt)("ol",null,(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Componentes de sequ\xeancia positiva, constituindo em tr\xeas fasores iguais em m\xf3dulo, 120\xba defasados entre si, e tendo a mesma sequ\xeancia de fase que os fasores originais;"),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Componentes de sequ\xeancia negativa, constituindo em tr\xeas fasores iguais em m\xf3dulo, 120\xba defasados entre si, e tendo a sequ\xeancia de fase oposta \xe0 dos fasores originais."),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Componentes de sequ\xeancia zero, constituindo em tr\xeas fasores iguais em m\xf3dulo e com defasagem nula entre si.")),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Com isso pode-se decompor as tens\xf5es de fase em componentes sim\xe9tricas pelas seguintes equa\xe7\xf5es:"),(0,m.kt)("div",{className:"math 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componentes sim\xe9tricas e sua soma para obter os fasores desequilibrados"}))),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Para simplificar os c\xe1lculos adota-se um operador \u201c",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math 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Nas faltas assim\xe9tricas (F-T, F-F e F-F-T) \xe9 necess\xe1rio formar tr\xeas matrizes admit\xe2ncia de sequ\xeancia: positiva, negativa e zero."),(0,m.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-info alert alert--info"},(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,m.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,m.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"14",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 14 16"},(0,m.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M7 2.3c3.14 0 5.7 2.56 5.7 5.7s-2.56 5.7-5.7 5.7A5.71 5.71 0 0 1 1.3 8c0-3.14 2.56-5.7 5.7-5.7zM7 1C3.14 1 0 4.14 0 8s3.14 7 7 7 7-3.14 7-7-3.14-7-7-7zm1 3H6v5h2V4zm0 6H6v2h2v-2z"}))),"Informa\xe7\xe3o")),(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"As informa\xe7\xf5es a respeito das particularidades dos modelos para o estudo de curto-circuito s\xe3o apresentados individualmente nos 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para faltas desbalanceadas \xe9 realizado seguindo o seguinte procedimento:"),(0,m.kt)("ol",null,(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Definir os diagramas no ponto da falta, mostrando as conex\xf5es de todas fases para a falta. 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overline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8151em"}},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-3em"}},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"t"))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-3.7351em"}},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"overline-line",style:{borderBottomWidth:"0.04em"}}))))))))))," \xe9 um n\xfamero complexo (",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"t"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"\u2220"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"\u03d5")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"t\\angle\\phi")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.8889em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"t"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"\u2220"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"\u03d5"))))),")"),(0,m.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"},(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,m.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,m.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"16",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 16 16"},(0,m.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"}))),"Aten\xe7\xe3o")),(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"O modelo utilizado no PSP-UFU ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"n\xe3o considera")," o ramo magnetizante ou imped\xe2ncias m\xfatuas entre as fases."))),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"A figura abaixo mostra o modelo do transformador implementado no PSP-UFU:"),(0,m.kt)("div",null,(0,m.kt)("center",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{src:(0,p.Z)("images/transformerModel.svg"),alt:"Modelo PI da linha",title:"Modelo PI da linha"}))),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Em que:"),(0,m.kt)("ul",null,(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"li",className:"math 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mathbf"},"r"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"msupsub"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3303em"}},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.55em",marginLeft:"0em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathbf mtight"},"T")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"})))))))))),"\t\xe9 a resist\xeancia total do transformador;"),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"li",className:"math 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H263z"})))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-4.35em"}},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"3.155em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"delimsizinginner delim-size4"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"},"\u23a4")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"1.85em"}},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"})))))))))))),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"A imped\xe2ncia de sequ\xeancia negativa nos transformadores deve ser tratada de maneira espec\xedfica devido aos diferentes tipos de conex\xe3o. Na figura abaixo s\xe3o mostrados os circuitos equivalentes para cada tipo de conex\xe3o de transformadores de dois enrolamentos. As setas indicam os caminhos poss\xedveis para circula\xe7\xe3o da corrente de sequ\xeancia zero."),(0,m.kt)("div",null,(0,m.kt)("center",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{src:(0,p.Z)("images/seqZeroTrafo.svg"),alt:"Circuitos equivalentes de sequ\xeancia zero dos transformadores",title:"Circuitos equivalentes de sequ\xeancia zero dos transformadores"}))),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Para os transformadores com conex\xe3o estrela aterrado, se a liga\xe7\xe3o do neutro para a terra apresentar uma imped\xe2ncia ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math 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math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"3"),(0,m.kt)("msub",{parentName:"mrow"},(0,m.kt)("mover",{parentName:"msub",accent:"true"},(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mover"},"z"),(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mover",stretchy:"true"},"\u203e")),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"msub"},"n"))),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"3\\overline{z}_n")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.7944em",verticalAlign:"-0.15em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"3"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord 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vlist-t2"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.1514em"}},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",style:{top:"-2.55em",marginRight:"0.05em"}},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"n")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"}))))))))))," em s\xe9rie com a resist\xeancia e reat\xe2ncia equivalentes do transformador."),(0,m.kt)("h2",{id:"formul\xe1rio-de-edi\xe7\xe3o-dos-transformadores"},"Formul\xe1rio de edi\xe7\xe3o dos transformadores"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"A imagem abaixo apresenta o formul\xe1rio de inser\xe7\xe3o/altera\xe7\xe3o de dados dos transformadores:"),(0,m.kt)("div",null,(0,m.kt)("center",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{src:(0,p.Z)("images/trafoForm.png"),alt:"Formul\xe1rio dos transformadores no PSP-UFU",title:"Formul\xe1rio dos transformadores no PSP-UFU"}))),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Esse formul\xe1rio \xe9 subdividido em dois contextos distintos:"),(0,m.kt)("ul",null,(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Geral"),": no qual s\xe3o inseridas informa\xe7\xf5es gerais dos transformadores, informa\xe7\xf5es do fluxo de carga, sua conex\xe3o e defasagem;"),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Falta"),": local onde as imped\xe2ncias de sequ\xeancia zero e imped\xe2ncias de aterramento s\xe3o inseridas.")),(0,m.kt)("p",null,'Al\xe9m desses dois contextos, pode ser observado o bot\xe3o "Estabilidade" na parte inferior esquerda do formul\xe1rio. Esse formul\xe1rio, comum a v\xe1rios outros elementos, permite a inser\xe7\xe3o e/ou remo\xe7\xe3o do transformador durante o estudo de ',(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"stability"},"estabilidade"),"."),(0,m.kt)("div",null,(0,m.kt)("center",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{src:(0,p.Z)("images/trafoSw.png"),alt:"Formul\xe1rio de chaveamento do transformador",title:"Formul\xe1rio de chaveamento do transformador"}))),(0,m.kt)(r.Z,{groupId:"transformer-tabs",defaultValue:"general",values:[{label:"Geral",value:"general"},{label:"Falta",value:"fault"},{label:"Bot\xe3o Estabilidade",value:"stability"}],mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,m.kt)(l.Z,{value:"general",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"nome"},"Nome"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Identifica\xe7\xe3o do elemento el\xe9trico. Podem ser inseridos quaisquer n\xfameros de caracteres no padr\xe3o ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode"},"Unicode"),"."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Todos os componentes de pot\xeancia do PSP-UFU possuem esse campo."),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"tens\xe3o-nominal"},"Tens\xe3o nominal"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Campo de informa\xe7\xe3o ",(0,m.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"n\xe3o edit\xe1vel")," que apresenta a tens\xe3o prim\xe1ria e secund\xe1ria do transformador. Para alterar esse campo \xe9 necess\xe1rio editar o campo correspondente dos ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"bus#geral"},"barramento")," conectados."),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"tens\xe3o-base"},"Tens\xe3o base"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Tens\xe3o utilizada para converter os par\xe2metros de imped\xe2ncia inseridos em ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"\u03a9")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\Omega")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.6833em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"\u03a9")))))," para ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"."),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},".")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"p.u.")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"p"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"u"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},".")))))," As tens\xf5es selecionadas por uma caixa de escolha s\xe3o editadas nos formul\xe1rios dos ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"bus#geral"},"barramentos")," conectados."),(0,m.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-info alert alert--info"},(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,m.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,m.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"14",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 14 16"},(0,m.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M7 2.3c3.14 0 5.7 2.56 5.7 5.7s-2.56 5.7-5.7 5.7A5.71 5.71 0 0 1 1.3 8c0-3.14 2.56-5.7 5.7-5.7zM7 1C3.14 1 0 4.14 0 8s3.14 7 7 7 7-3.14 7-7-3.14-7-7-7zm1 3H6v5h2V4zm0 6H6v2h2v-2z"}))),"Informa\xe7\xe3o")),(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"A tens\xe3o base \xe9 ignorada caso os dados inseridos estejam em ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"."),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},".")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"p.u.")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"p"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"u"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},".")))))))),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"pot\xeancia-nominal"},"Pot\xeancia nominal"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Pot\xeancia nominal do transformador, inserida em MVA, kVA ou VA."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,'Esse campo \xe9 especialmente importante caso a op\xe7\xe3o "Utilizar a pot\xeancia nominal como base" esteja marcada.'),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"imped\xe2ncia-do-transformador"},"Imped\xe2ncia do transformador"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Imped\xe2ncia s\xe9rie do transformador (resist\xeancia e reat\xe2ncia indutiva), inserida em ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"."),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},".")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"p.u.")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"p"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord 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Caso as imped\xe2ncias sejam inseridas em ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"\u03a9")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\Omega")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.6833em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"\u03a9")))))," ser\xe1 utilizada a tens\xe3o base selecionada para convers\xe3o para ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math 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mathnormal"},"\u03d5"))))),")"),(0,m.kt)("admonition",{title:"Aten\xe7\xe3o",type:"caution"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"O modelo utilizado no PSP-UFU ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"n\xe3o considera")," o ramo magnetizante ou imped\xe2ncias m\xfatuas entre as fases.")),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"A figura abaixo mostra o modelo do transformador implementado no PSP-UFU:"),(0,m.kt)("div",null,(0,m.kt)("center",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{src:(0,p.Z)("images/transformerModel.svg"),alt:"Modelo PI da linha",title:"Modelo PI da linha"}))),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Em que:"),(0,m.kt)("ul",null,(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"li",className:"math 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inser\xe7\xe3o/altera\xe7\xe3o de dados dos transformadores:"),(0,m.kt)("div",null,(0,m.kt)("center",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{src:(0,p.Z)("images/trafoForm.png"),alt:"Formul\xe1rio dos transformadores no PSP-UFU",title:"Formul\xe1rio dos transformadores no PSP-UFU"}))),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Esse formul\xe1rio \xe9 subdividido em dois contextos distintos:"),(0,m.kt)("ul",null,(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Geral"),": no qual s\xe3o inseridas informa\xe7\xf5es gerais dos transformadores, informa\xe7\xf5es do fluxo de carga, sua conex\xe3o e defasagem;"),(0,m.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Falta"),": local onde as imped\xe2ncias de sequ\xeancia zero e imped\xe2ncias de aterramento s\xe3o inseridas.")),(0,m.kt)("p",null,'Al\xe9m desses dois contextos, pode ser observado o bot\xe3o "Estabilidade" na parte inferior esquerda do formul\xe1rio. Esse formul\xe1rio, comum a v\xe1rios outros elementos, permite a inser\xe7\xe3o e/ou remo\xe7\xe3o do transformador durante o estudo de ',(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"stability"},"estabilidade"),"."),(0,m.kt)("div",null,(0,m.kt)("center",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{src:(0,p.Z)("images/trafoSw.png"),alt:"Formul\xe1rio de chaveamento do transformador",title:"Formul\xe1rio de chaveamento do transformador"}))),(0,m.kt)(r.Z,{groupId:"transformer-tabs",defaultValue:"general",values:[{label:"Geral",value:"general"},{label:"Falta",value:"fault"},{label:"Bot\xe3o Estabilidade",value:"stability"}],mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,m.kt)(l.Z,{value:"general",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"nome"},"Nome"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Identifica\xe7\xe3o do elemento el\xe9trico. Podem ser inseridos quaisquer n\xfameros de caracteres no padr\xe3o ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode"},"Unicode"),"."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Todos os componentes de pot\xeancia do PSP-UFU possuem esse campo."),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"tens\xe3o-nominal"},"Tens\xe3o nominal"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Campo de informa\xe7\xe3o ",(0,m.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"n\xe3o edit\xe1vel")," que apresenta a tens\xe3o prim\xe1ria e secund\xe1ria do transformador. Para alterar esse campo \xe9 necess\xe1rio editar o campo correspondente dos ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"bus#geral"},"barramento")," conectados."),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"tens\xe3o-base"},"Tens\xe3o base"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Tens\xe3o utilizada para converter os par\xe2metros de imped\xe2ncia inseridos em ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math 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mathnormal"},"u"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},".")))))," As tens\xf5es selecionadas por uma caixa de escolha s\xe3o editadas nos formul\xe1rios dos ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"bus#geral"},"barramentos")," conectados."),(0,m.kt)("admonition",{title:"Informa\xe7\xe3o",type:"info"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"A tens\xe3o base \xe9 ignorada caso os dados inseridos estejam em ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math 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Q|")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"1em",verticalAlign:"-0.25em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"\u2223\u0394"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"Q"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"\u2223"))))),")."),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"itera\xe7\xf5es-m\xe1x"},"Itera\xe7\xf5es m\xe1x"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"\xc9 o n\xfamero m\xe1ximo de itera\xe7\xf5es que um m\xe9todo poder\xe1 alcan\xe7ar. Caso esse valor seja alcan\xe7ado, o c\xe1lculo de ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow"},"fluxo de carga")," \xe9 interrompido com erro."),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"\xe2ngulo-da-barra-de-refer\xeancia"},"\xc2ngulo da barra de refer\xeancia"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"\xc9 o valor do \xe2ngulo da ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow"},"barra de refer\xeancia"),", em graus."),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"in\xe9rcia-do-newton"},"In\xe9rcia do Newton"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"\xc9 o valor que multiplica as corre\xe7\xf5es de pot\xeancia. Valores maiores que ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"1"),(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",separator:"true",lspace:"0em",rspace:"0em"},","),(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"0")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"1{,}0")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.8389em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"1"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mpunct"},",")),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"0")))))," incrementam a corre\xe7\xe3o e menores que ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"1"),(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",separator:"true",lspace:"0em",rspace:"0em"},","),(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"0")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"1{,}0")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.8389em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"1"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mpunct"},",")),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"0")))))," diminuem a corre\xe7\xe3o."),(0,m.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-info alert alert--info"},(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,m.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,m.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"14",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 14 16"},(0,m.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M7 2.3c3.14 0 5.7 2.56 5.7 5.7s-2.56 5.7-5.7 5.7A5.71 5.71 0 0 1 1.3 8c0-3.14 2.56-5.7 5.7-5.7zM7 1C3.14 1 0 4.14 0 8s3.14 7 7 7 7-3.14 7-7-3.14-7-7-7zm1 3H6v5h2V4zm0 6H6v2h2v-2z"}))),"Informa\xe7\xe3o")),(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Valores menores que ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"1"),(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",separator:"true",lspace:"0em",rspace:"0em"},","),(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"0")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"1{,}0")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.8389em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"1"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mpunct"},",")),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"0")))))," ",(0,m.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"podem")," auxiliar na converg\xeancia, por\xe9m aumentam o n\xfamero de itera\xe7\xf5es e consequentemente o tempo de processamento do m\xe9todo."))),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Essa op\xe7\xe3o \xe9 habilitada somente para o m\xe9todo de ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow#newton-raphson"},"Newton-Raphson"),"."),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"toler\xe2ncia-do-gauss"},"Toler\xe2ncia do Gauss"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Define a toler\xe2ncia do Gauss-Seidel para o m\xe9todo h\xedbrido. Essa op\xe7\xe3o \xe9 habilitada somente para o m\xe9todo de ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow#m%C3%A9todos-de-solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o-num%C3%A9rica-do-fluxo-de-carga-no-psp-ufu"},"Gauss-Newton h\xedbrido"),"."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Uma vez que o Newton-Raphson \xe9 consideravelmente sens\xedvel \xe0s condi\xe7\xf5es iniciais, as primeiras itera\xe7\xf5es s\xe3o calculadas utilizado o Gauss-Seidel at\xe9 que o erro fique menor que a toler\xe2ncia especificada no campo \u201cToler\xe2ncia do Gauss\u201d. A partir desse ponto o c\xe1lculo \xe9 realizado utilizando o m\xe9todo de Newton-Raphson at\xe9 que se obtenha a converg\xeancia com um erro menor que a toler\xe2ncia estipulada no campo \u201cToler\xe2ncia\u201d."),(0,m.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-info alert alert--info"},(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,m.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,m.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"14",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 14 16"},(0,m.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M7 2.3c3.14 0 5.7 2.56 5.7 5.7s-2.56 5.7-5.7 5.7A5.71 5.71 0 0 1 1.3 8c0-3.14 2.56-5.7 5.7-5.7zM7 1C3.14 1 0 4.14 0 8s3.14 7 7 7 7-3.14 7-7-3.14-7-7-7zm1 3H6v5h2V4zm0 6H6v2h2v-2z"}))),"Informa\xe7\xe3o")),(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Tal op\xe7\xe3o auxilia na converg\xeancia de sistemas imposs\xedveis de resolver utilizando Newton-Raphson convencional.")))),(0,m.kt)(i.Z,{value:"stability",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"passo-de-integra\xe7\xe3o"},"Passo de integra\xe7\xe3o"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Define o passo de integra\xe7\xe3o para o m\xe9todo de integra\xe7\xe3o ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"stability#integra%C3%A7%C3%A3o-num%C3%A9rica"},"Trapezoidal Impl\xedcito"),"."),(0,m.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-caution alert alert--warning"},(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,m.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,m.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"16",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 16 16"},(0,m.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"}))),"Aten\xe7\xe3o!")),(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Valores muito elevados poder\xe3o gerar erros de simula\xe7\xe3o, enquanto valores muito pequenos aumentar\xe3o significativamente o tempo de processamento do c\xe1lculo de estabilidade."))),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"tempo-de-simula\xe7\xe3o"},"Tempo de simula\xe7\xe3o"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Define o tempo total de simula\xe7\xe3o, em segundos."),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"toler\xe2ncia-1"},"Toler\xe2ncia"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Toler\xe2ncia do processo iterativo (em ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"."),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},".")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"p.u.")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"p"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"u"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."))))),") do m\xe9todo de integra\xe7\xe3o ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"stability#integra%C3%A7%C3%A3o-num%C3%A9rica"},"Trapezoidal Impl\xedcito"),"."),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"itera\xe7\xf5es-m\xe1x-1"},"Itera\xe7\xf5es m\xe1x"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"N\xfamero m\xe1ximo de itera\xe7\xf5es do processo iterativo do m\xe9todo de integra\xe7\xe3o ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"stability#integra%C3%A7%C3%A3o-num%C3%A9rica"},"Trapezoidal Impl\xedcito"),". Caso o n\xfamero de itera\xe7\xf5es ultrapasse esse valor, o c\xe1lculo de estabilidade ser\xe1 encerrado com erro."),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"raz\xe3o-de-passo-dos-controles"},"Raz\xe3o de passo dos controles"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Define a quantidade passos de integra\xe7\xe3o que o sistema de controle ser\xe1 submetido para ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"1")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"1")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.6444em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"1")))))," passo de integra\xe7\xe3o do sistema de pot\xeancia."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Por exemplo, se o passo de integra\xe7\xe3o for definido em ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"0"),(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",separator:"true",lspace:"0em",rspace:"0em"},","),(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"01"),(0,m.kt)("mtext",{parentName:"mrow"},"\xa0"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"s")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"0{,}01~s")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.8389em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"0"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mpunct"},",")),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"01"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace nobreak"},"\xa0"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"s")))))," e a raz\xe3o de passo como ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"10")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"10")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.6444em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"10"))))),", o valor efetivo do passo de integra\xe7\xe3o para os sistemas de controle ser\xe1 de ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"0"),(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",separator:"true",lspace:"0em",rspace:"0em"},","),(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"001"),(0,m.kt)("mtext",{parentName:"mrow"},"\xa0"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"s")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"0{,}001~s")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.8389em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"0"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mpunct"},",")),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"001"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace 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delim-size1"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"},"\u2223")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-s"},"\u200b")),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist-r"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"vlist",style:{height:"0.65em"}},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span"}))))))))))),"); enquanto que no m\xe9todo de ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow#newton-raphson"},"Newton-Raphson")," esse erro \xe9 o m\xf3dulo do maior valor de ajuste de pot\xeancia (",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math 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Q|")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"1em",verticalAlign:"-0.25em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"\u2223\u0394"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"Q"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"\u2223"))))),")."),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"itera\xe7\xf5es-m\xe1x"},"Itera\xe7\xf5es m\xe1x"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"\xc9 o n\xfamero m\xe1ximo de itera\xe7\xf5es que um m\xe9todo poder\xe1 alcan\xe7ar. Caso esse valor seja alcan\xe7ado, o c\xe1lculo de ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow"},"fluxo de carga")," \xe9 interrompido com erro."),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"\xe2ngulo-da-barra-de-refer\xeancia"},"\xc2ngulo da barra de refer\xeancia"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"\xc9 o valor do \xe2ngulo da ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow"},"barra de refer\xeancia"),", em graus."),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"in\xe9rcia-do-newton"},"In\xe9rcia do Newton"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"\xc9 o valor que multiplica as corre\xe7\xf5es de pot\xeancia. Valores maiores que ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"1"),(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",separator:"true",lspace:"0em",rspace:"0em"},","),(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"0")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"1{,}0")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.8389em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"1"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mpunct"},",")),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"0")))))," incrementam a corre\xe7\xe3o e menores que ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"1"),(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",separator:"true",lspace:"0em",rspace:"0em"},","),(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"0")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"1{,}0")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.8389em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"1"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mpunct"},",")),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"0")))))," diminuem a corre\xe7\xe3o."),(0,m.kt)("admonition",{title:"Informa\xe7\xe3o",type:"info"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Valores menores que ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"1"),(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",separator:"true",lspace:"0em",rspace:"0em"},","),(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"0")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"1{,}0")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.8389em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"1"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mpunct"},",")),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"0")))))," ",(0,m.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"podem")," auxiliar na converg\xeancia, por\xe9m aumentam o n\xfamero de itera\xe7\xf5es e consequentemente o tempo de processamento do m\xe9todo.")),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Essa op\xe7\xe3o \xe9 habilitada somente para o m\xe9todo de ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow#newton-raphson"},"Newton-Raphson"),"."),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"toler\xe2ncia-do-gauss"},"Toler\xe2ncia do Gauss"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Define a toler\xe2ncia do Gauss-Seidel para o m\xe9todo h\xedbrido. Essa op\xe7\xe3o \xe9 habilitada somente para o m\xe9todo de ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerFlow#m%C3%A9todos-de-solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o-num%C3%A9rica-do-fluxo-de-carga-no-psp-ufu"},"Gauss-Newton h\xedbrido"),"."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Uma vez que o Newton-Raphson \xe9 consideravelmente sens\xedvel \xe0s condi\xe7\xf5es iniciais, as primeiras itera\xe7\xf5es s\xe3o calculadas utilizado o Gauss-Seidel at\xe9 que o erro fique menor que a toler\xe2ncia especificada no campo \u201cToler\xe2ncia do Gauss\u201d. A partir desse ponto o c\xe1lculo \xe9 realizado utilizando o m\xe9todo de Newton-Raphson at\xe9 que se obtenha a converg\xeancia com um erro menor que a toler\xe2ncia estipulada no campo \u201cToler\xe2ncia\u201d."),(0,m.kt)("admonition",{title:"Informa\xe7\xe3o",type:"info"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Tal op\xe7\xe3o auxilia na converg\xeancia de sistemas imposs\xedveis de resolver utilizando Newton-Raphson convencional."))),(0,m.kt)(l.Z,{value:"stability",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"passo-de-integra\xe7\xe3o"},"Passo de integra\xe7\xe3o"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Define o passo de integra\xe7\xe3o para o m\xe9todo de integra\xe7\xe3o ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"stability#integra%C3%A7%C3%A3o-num%C3%A9rica"},"Trapezoidal Impl\xedcito"),"."),(0,m.kt)("admonition",{title:"Aten\xe7\xe3o!",type:"caution"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Valores muito elevados poder\xe3o gerar erros de simula\xe7\xe3o, enquanto valores muito pequenos aumentar\xe3o significativamente o tempo de processamento do c\xe1lculo de estabilidade.")),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"tempo-de-simula\xe7\xe3o"},"Tempo de simula\xe7\xe3o"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Define o tempo total de simula\xe7\xe3o, em segundos."),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"toler\xe2ncia-1"},"Toler\xe2ncia"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Toler\xe2ncia do processo iterativo (em ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"."),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},".")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"p.u.")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"p"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"u"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."))))),") do m\xe9todo de integra\xe7\xe3o ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"stability#integra%C3%A7%C3%A3o-num%C3%A9rica"},"Trapezoidal Impl\xedcito"),"."),(0,m.kt)("h4",{id:"itera\xe7\xf5es-m\xe1x-1"},"Itera\xe7\xf5es m\xe1x"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"N\xfamero m\xe1ximo de itera\xe7\xf5es do processo iterativo do m\xe9todo de integra\xe7\xe3o ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"stability#integra%C3%A7%C3%A3o-num%C3%A9rica"},"Trapezoidal Impl\xedcito"),". 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math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"0"),(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",separator:"true",lspace:"0em",rspace:"0em"},","),(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"01"),(0,m.kt)("mtext",{parentName:"mrow"},"\xa0"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"s")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"0{,}01~s")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.8389em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"0"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mpunct"},",")),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"01"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace nobreak"},"\xa0"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"s")))))," e a raz\xe3o de passo como ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"10")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"10")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.6444em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"10"))))),", o valor efetivo do passo de integra\xe7\xe3o para os sistemas de controle ser\xe1 de ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"0"),(0,m.kt)("mo",{parentName:"mrow",separator:"true",lspace:"0em",rspace:"0em"},","),(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"001"),(0,m.kt)("mtext",{parentName:"mrow"},"\xa0"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"s")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"0{,}001~s")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.8389em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"0"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mpunct"},",")),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"001"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mspace 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Esse elemento de texto pode ser vinculado a in\xfameros resultados e par\xe2metros do sistema de pot\xeancia."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Esse elemento \xe9 \xfatil para identifica\xe7\xe3o e an\xe1lise dos resultados de elementos de pot\xeancia."),(0,m.kt)("admonition",{title:"Dica",type:"tip"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Outra aplica\xe7\xe3o importante \xe9 a atualiza\xe7\xe3o de seu valor ao aplicar a \u201csolu\xe7\xe3o cont\xednua\u201d no projeto, auxiliando na visualiza\xe7\xe3o das mudan\xe7as de estado da rede el\xe9trica."),(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Tamb\xe9m pode-se utilizar os resultados apresentados por esses elementos juntamente com o diagrama unifilar na cria\xe7\xe3o de relat\xf3rios do projeto.")),(0,m.kt)("div",null,(0,m.kt)("center",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{src:(0,s.Z)("images/textExp.png"),alt:"Exemplo do elemento de texto no PSP-UFU",title:"Exemplo de elemento de texto no PSP-UFU"}))),(0,m.kt)("h2",{id:"inserindo-elementos-de-texto-no-psp-ufu"},"Inserindo elementos de texto no PSP-UFU"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Por meio do submenu ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Ferramentas")," pode-se inserir os elementos de texto, como \xe9 apresentado na imagem abaixo."),(0,m.kt)("div",null,(0,m.kt)("center",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{src:(0,s.Z)("images/addTextElement.svg"),alt:"Adicionar elementos de texto",title:"Adicionar elementos de texto"}))),(0,m.kt)("p",null,'Ao selecionar o bot\xe3o "Texto" ou utilizar a ',(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},'tecla de atalho "A"'),", o usu\xe1rio deve clicar na posi\xe7\xe3o desejada da ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"powerEditor"},"\xe1rea de trabalho"),'. Com isso, ser\xe1 adicionado um elemento tempor\xe1rio com o valor "Texto". Para parametrizar esse elemento clique duas vezes sobre ele.'),(0,m.kt)("admonition",{title:"Aten\xe7\xe3o",type:"caution"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"O elemento de texto, assim como os ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"controlEditor"},"elementos de controle")," n\xe3o exibem automaticamente o formul\xe1rio de edi\xe7\xe3o de dados ao inseri-lo pela primeira vez.")),(0,m.kt)("h2",{id:"formul\xe1rio-de-edi\xe7\xe3o-de-dados-do-elemento-de-texto"},"Formul\xe1rio de edi\xe7\xe3o de dados do elemento de texto"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"A figura abaixo apresenta o formul\xe1rio de edi\xe7\xe3o de dados desse componente gr\xe1fico."),(0,m.kt)("div",null,(0,m.kt)("center",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{src:(0,s.Z)("images/textForm.png"),alt:"Formul\xe1rio do elemento de texto no PSP-UFU",title:"Formul\xe1rio do elemento de texto no PSP-UFU"}))),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Sua parametriza\xe7\xe3o \xe9 realizada por campos que associam o componente aos elementos el\xe9tricos de pot\xeancia, al\xe9m do formato dos resultados num\xe9ricos. Os campos s\xe3o liberados a medida que os dados anteriores s\xe3o inseridos e uma mensagem de erro \xe9 apresentada ao usu\xe1rio caso algum par\xe2metro necess\xe1rio n\xe3o seja preenchido."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"O processo de associa\xe7\xe3o se inicia na escolha do tipo de elemento de pot\xeancia ser\xe1 vinculado ao texto. Em seguida \xe9 exibida uma lista com o nome de todos os componentes previamente inseridos no editor de elementos de pot\xeancia do tipo definido no campo anterior, associando, assim, o texto ao elemento."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Em \u201cTipo de texto\u201d define-se qual ser\xe1 a sa\xedda apresentada. Tal campo depende do tipo de elemento selecionado, como mostra a tabela abaixo. Alguns outros dados s\xe3o necess\xe1rios para os elementos de ramo, como barra de origem e destino, com o intuito de representar o fluxo correto de pot\xeancia e corrente. Finalmente o usu\xe1rio deve inserir a quantidade de casas decimais para dados num\xe9ricos. 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Arredonda para o pr\xf3ximo menor inteiro.")),(0,m.kt)("tr",{parentName:"tbody"},(0,m.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},(0,m.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"td"},"hypot(A,B)")),(0,m.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Fun\xe7\xe3o de dist\xe2ncia Euclidiana.")),(0,m.kt)("tr",{parentName:"tbody"},(0,m.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},(0,m.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"td"},"if(A,B,C)")),(0,m.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Se ",(0,m.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"td"},"int(A)")," \xe9 diferente de ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"td",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"0")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"0")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.6444em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"0"))))),", retorna o valor de ",(0,m.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"td"},"B"),", sen\xe3o retorna ",(0,m.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"td"},"C"),".")),(0,m.kt)("tr",{parentName:"tbody"},(0,m.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},(0,m.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"td"},"imag(A)")),(0,m.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Retorna a parte imagin\xe1ria do n\xfamero complexo ",(0,m.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"td"},"A"),".")),(0,m.kt)("tr",{parentName:"tbody"},(0,m.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},(0,m.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"td"},"int(A)")),(0,m.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Arredonda ",(0,m.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"td"},"A")," para o inteiro mais pr\xf3ximo.")),(0,m.kt)("tr",{parentName:"tbody"},(0,m.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},(0,m.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"td"},"log(A)")),(0,m.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Logaritmo natural (base ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"td",className:"math 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",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"td",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mn",{parentName:"mrow"},"10")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"10")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.6444em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"10")))))," de A.")),(0,m.kt)("tr",{parentName:"tbody"},(0,m.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},(0,m.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"td"},"max(A,B)")),(0,m.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Se ",(0,m.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"td"},"A>B"),", o resultado \xe9 ",(0,m.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"td"},"A"),", sen\xe3o \xe9 ",(0,m.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"td"},"B"),".")),(0,m.kt)("tr",{parentName:"tbody"},(0,m.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},(0,m.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"td"},"min(A,B)")),(0,m.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Se ",(0,m.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"td"},"A := ; \n")),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Por exemplo:"),(0,m.kt)("pre",null,(0,m.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-cpp"},"comprimento := sqrt(x*x+y*y); 2*comprimento*sin(comprimento)\n")),(0,m.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-tip alert alert--success"},(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,m.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,m.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"12",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 12 16"},(0,m.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M6.5 0C3.48 0 1 2.19 1 5c0 .92.55 2.25 1 3 1.34 2.25 1.78 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alert--danger"},(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,m.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,m.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"12",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 12 16"},(0,m.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M5.05.31c.81 2.17.41 3.38-.52 4.31C3.55 5.67 1.98 6.45.9 7.98c-1.45 2.05-1.7 6.53 3.53 7.7-2.2-1.16-2.67-4.52-.3-6.61-.61 2.03.53 3.33 1.94 2.86 1.39-.47 2.3.53 2.27 1.67-.02.78-.31 1.44-1.13 1.81 3.42-.59 4.78-3.42 4.78-5.56 0-2.84-2.53-3.22-1.25-5.61-1.52.13-2.03 1.13-1.89 2.75.09 1.08-1.02 1.8-1.86 1.33-.67-.41-.66-1.19-.06-1.78C8.18 5.31 8.68 2.45 5.05.32L5.03.3l.02.01z"}))),"Cuidado!")),(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Note que a express\xe3o que determina o valor de sa\xedda do bloco ",(0,m.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"n\xe3o possui")," o caractere ",(0,m.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},";")," em seu final."))),(0,m.kt)("h2",{id:"formul\xe1rio-de-edi\xe7\xe3o-de-dados-do-bloco-de-express\xe3o-matem\xe1tica"},"Formul\xe1rio de edi\xe7\xe3o de dados do bloco de Express\xe3o Matem\xe1tica"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"O formul\xe1rio de inser\xe7\xe3o e edi\xe7\xe3o das entradas do bloco e da express\xe3o matem\xe1tica gen\xe9rica, assim como ferramentas de aux\xedlio de sua constru\xe7\xe3o \xe9 apresentado na figura abaixo."),(0,m.kt)("div",null,(0,m.kt)("center",null,(0,m.kt)("img",{src:(0,p.Z)("images/mathExpressionForm.png"),alt:"Formul\xe1rio de edi\xe7\xe3o de dados do bloco de express\xe3o matem\xe1tica no PSP-UFU",title:"Formul\xe1rio de edi\xe7\xe3o de dados do bloco de express\xe3o matem\xe1tica no PSP-UFU"}))),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"No campo de \u201cVari\xe1veis de entrada\u201d \xe9 inserida uma lista com os nomes das entradas separados por espa\xe7os. Um n\xfamero qualquer de entrada pode ser definido nessa lista esses nomes s\xe3o apresentados no \xedcone gr\xe1fico presente no editor de controle, al\xe9m de serem destacados na express\xe3o inserida pelo usu\xe1rio. O n\xfamero de entradas e sa\xeddas se comporta de forma semelhante aos ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"sum"},"blocos somadores"),"."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Abaixo do campo das vari\xe1veis de entrada est\xe1 presente o local para inser\xe7\xe3o da express\xe3o matem\xe1tica. A sintaxe da express\xe3o inserida pelo usu\xe1rio possui realce (por meio de diferentes formas e cores da fonte) para n\xfameros, operadores, vari\xe1veis de entrada, fun\xe7\xf5es e constantes, facilitando a cria\xe7\xe3o, manipula\xe7\xe3o e identifica\xe7\xe3o de erros de digita\xe7\xe3o e l\xf3gica."),(0,m.kt)("div",{className:"admonition admonition-info alert alert--info"},(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-heading"},(0,m.kt)("h5",{parentName:"div"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"h5",className:"admonition-icon"},(0,m.kt)("svg",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"14",height:"16",viewBox:"0 0 14 16"},(0,m.kt)("path",{parentName:"svg",fillRule:"evenodd",d:"M7 2.3c3.14 0 5.7 2.56 5.7 5.7s-2.56 5.7-5.7 5.7A5.71 5.71 0 0 1 1.3 8c0-3.14 2.56-5.7 5.7-5.7zM7 1C3.14 1 0 4.14 0 8s3.14 7 7 7 7-3.14 7-7-3.14-7-7-7zm1 3H6v5h2V4zm0 6H6v2h2v-2z"}))),"Informa\xe7\xe3o")),(0,m.kt)("div",{parentName:"div",className:"admonition-content"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"div"},"Como ferramenta de aux\xedlio ao usu\xe1rio foi desenvolvida uma verifica\xe7\xe3o da express\xe3o inserida."))),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Tal ferramenta ir\xe1 encontrar erros e indicar\xe1 ao usu\xe1rio qual o tipo do erro, al\xe9m da sua localiza\xe7\xe3o, destacando-o. A figura anterior exemplifica a identifica\xe7\xe3o autom\xe1tica do erro pelo PSP-UFU, assim como sua posi\xe7\xe3o na express\xe3o inserida."),(0,m.kt)("h2",{id:"exemplo-de-express\xe3o-matem\xe1tica"},"Exemplo de Express\xe3o Matem\xe1tica"),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"A corrente de campo em ",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"p"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},"."),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"u"),(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow",mathvariant:"normal"},".")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"p.u.")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"p"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},"."),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"u"),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord"},".")))))," pode ser estimada de forma aproximada utilizando as pot\xeancias ativa (",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"P")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"P")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.6833em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal",style:{marginRight:"0.13889em"}},"P"))))),") e reativa (",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math math-inline"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-mathml"},(0,m.kt)("math",{parentName:"span",xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},(0,m.kt)("semantics",{parentName:"math"},(0,m.kt)("mrow",{parentName:"semantics"},(0,m.kt)("mi",{parentName:"mrow"},"Q")),(0,m.kt)("annotation",{parentName:"semantics",encoding:"application/x-tex"},"Q")))),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"base"},(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"strut",style:{height:"0.8778em",verticalAlign:"-0.1944em"}}),(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"span",className:"mord mathnormal"},"Q"))))),"), assim como as reat\xe2ncias transit\xf3rias de eixo direto (",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math 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dados do bloco de express\xe3o matem\xe1tica no PSP-UFU"}))),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"No campo de \u201cVari\xe1veis de entrada\u201d \xe9 inserida uma lista com os nomes das entradas separados por espa\xe7os. Um n\xfamero qualquer de entrada pode ser definido nessa lista esses nomes s\xe3o apresentados no \xedcone gr\xe1fico presente no editor de controle, al\xe9m de serem destacados na express\xe3o inserida pelo usu\xe1rio. O n\xfamero de entradas e sa\xeddas se comporta de forma semelhante aos ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"sum"},"blocos somadores"),"."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Abaixo do campo das vari\xe1veis de entrada est\xe1 presente o local para inser\xe7\xe3o da express\xe3o matem\xe1tica. A sintaxe da express\xe3o inserida pelo usu\xe1rio possui realce (por meio de diferentes formas e cores da fonte) para n\xfameros, operadores, vari\xe1veis de entrada, fun\xe7\xf5es e constantes, facilitando a cria\xe7\xe3o, manipula\xe7\xe3o e identifica\xe7\xe3o de erros de digita\xe7\xe3o e l\xf3gica."),(0,m.kt)("admonition",{title:"Informa\xe7\xe3o",type:"info"},(0,m.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Como ferramenta de aux\xedlio ao usu\xe1rio foi desenvolvida uma verifica\xe7\xe3o da express\xe3o inserida.")),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Tal ferramenta ir\xe1 encontrar erros e indicar\xe1 ao usu\xe1rio qual o tipo do erro, al\xe9m da sua localiza\xe7\xe3o, destacando-o. 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Essas vari\xe1veis devem ser inseridas separadas por espa\xe7o: ",(0,m.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"p q v"),"."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"Utilizando tr\xeas blocos de ",(0,m.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"io"},"entrada / sa\xedda")," pode-se fornecer tais dados ao conect\xe1-los ao bloco de express\xe3o matem\xe1tica."),(0,m.kt)("p",null,"As reat\xe2ncias transit\xf3rias de eixo direto (",(0,m.kt)("span",{parentName:"p",className:"math 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