diff --git a/.github/workflows/build_linux_ubuntu1804.yml b/.github/workflows/build_linux_ubuntu1804.yml
index d18879536a..dc95180d8e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build_linux_ubuntu1804.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build_linux_ubuntu1804.yml
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ jobs:
           echo $PATH
           go env -w GOFLAGS="-buildvcs=false"
           rustup default nightly
-          tgn gen linux x64 ${{ matrix.build_type }} -- is_clang=false log_level=1 enable_serialized_actions=true ten_enable_integration_tests=false ten_enable_private_tests=false ten_enable_package_manager=false ten_rust_enable_gen_cargo_config=false ten_enable_cargo_clean=true
+          tgn gen linux x64 ${{ matrix.build_type }} -- is_clang=false log_level=1 enable_serialized_actions=true ten_enable_integration_tests=false ten_enable_package_manager=false ten_rust_enable_gen_cargo_config=false ten_enable_cargo_clean=true
           tgn build linux x64 ${{ matrix.build_type }}
           tree -I 'gen|obj' out
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build_linux_ubuntu2204.yml b/.github/workflows/build_linux_ubuntu2204.yml
index 85f0aa89d5..f9920b7aed 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build_linux_ubuntu2204.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build_linux_ubuntu2204.yml
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ jobs:
           go env -w GOFLAGS="-buildvcs=false"
           go1.20.12 download
           rustup default nightly
-          tgn gen linux x64 ${{ matrix.build_type }} -- is_clang=${{ matrix.compiler == 'gcc' && 'false' || 'true' }} log_level=1 enable_serialized_actions=true ten_enable_private_tests=false ten_rust_enable_gen_cargo_config=false ten_enable_cargo_clean=true ten_enable_go_lint=true
+          tgn gen linux x64 ${{ matrix.build_type }} -- is_clang=${{ matrix.compiler == 'gcc' && 'false' || 'true' }} log_level=1 enable_serialized_actions=true ten_rust_enable_gen_cargo_config=false ten_enable_cargo_clean=true ten_enable_go_lint=true
           tgn build linux x64 ${{ matrix.build_type }}
           tree -I 'gen|obj' out
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build_mac.yml b/.github/workflows/build_mac.yml
index 9d2a88d051..7dd4ec642a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build_mac.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build_mac.yml
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ jobs:
           export PATH=$(pwd)/core/ten_gn:$PATH
           echo $PATH
 
-          tgn gen mac arm64 ${{ matrix.build_type }} -- log_level=1 enable_serialized_actions=true ten_enable_private_tests=false ten_rust_enable_gen_cargo_config=false ten_enable_cargo_clean=true ten_enable_python_binding=false
+          tgn gen mac arm64 ${{ matrix.build_type }} -- log_level=1 enable_serialized_actions=true ten_rust_enable_gen_cargo_config=false ten_enable_cargo_clean=true ten_enable_python_binding=false
 
           tgn build mac arm64 ${{ matrix.build_type }}
           tree -I 'gen|obj' out
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ jobs:
           export PATH=$(pwd)/core/ten_gn:$PATH
           echo $PATH
 
-          tgn gen mac x64 ${{ matrix.build_type }} -- log_level=1 enable_serialized_actions=true ten_enable_private_tests=false ten_rust_enable_gen_cargo_config=false ten_enable_cargo_clean=true ten_enable_python_binding=false
+          tgn gen mac x64 ${{ matrix.build_type }} -- log_level=1 enable_serialized_actions=true ten_rust_enable_gen_cargo_config=false ten_enable_cargo_clean=true ten_enable_python_binding=false
 
           tgn build mac x64 ${{ matrix.build_type }}
           tree -I 'gen|obj' out
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ jobs:
           export PATH=$(pwd)/core/ten_gn:$PATH
           echo $PATH
 
-          tgn gen mac arm64 ${{ matrix.build_type }} -- log_level=1 enable_serialized_actions=true ten_enable_private_tests=false ten_rust_enable_gen_cargo_config=false ten_enable_ten_rust_apis=false
+          tgn gen mac arm64 ${{ matrix.build_type }} -- log_level=1 enable_serialized_actions=true ten_rust_enable_gen_cargo_config=false ten_enable_ten_rust_apis=false
 
           tgn build mac arm64 ${{ matrix.build_type }}
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build_win.yml b/.github/workflows/build_win.yml
index b9fbe453b5..4f35a05a6c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build_win.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build_win.yml
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build
         run: |
           $ENV:PATH += ";$PWD/core/ten_gn"
-          tgn gen win x64 ${{ matrix.build_type }} -- vs_version=2022 log_level=1 enable_serialized_actions=true ten_enable_private_tests=false ten_rust_enable_gen_cargo_config=false ten_enable_cargo_clean=true ten_enable_python_binding=false ten_enable_go_binding=false
+          tgn gen win x64 ${{ matrix.build_type }} -- vs_version=2022 log_level=1 enable_serialized_actions=true ten_rust_enable_gen_cargo_config=false ten_enable_cargo_clean=true ten_enable_python_binding=false ten_enable_go_binding=false
           tgn build win x64 ${{ matrix.build_type }}
 
       - name: Run Tests (ten_utils_unit_test)
diff --git a/.vscode/launch.json b/.vscode/launch.json
index 4e01fea3ba..a8dd8c291b 100644
--- a/.vscode/launch.json
+++ b/.vscode/launch.json
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@
       "request": "launch",
       "program": "${workspaceFolder}/out/linux/x64/tests/standalone/ten_runtime_smoke_test",
       "args": [
-        "--gtest_filter=PropertyTest.GetInt32"
+        "--gtest_filter=ExtensionTest.CommandInvalidExtension2"
       ],
       "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/out/linux/x64/tests/standalone/",
       "env": {
@@ -569,30 +569,30 @@
       "name": "app (Python Main) (cppdbg, launch)",
       "type": "cppdbg",
       "request": "launch",
-      "program": "/usr/bin/python3",
+      "program": "/home/wei/.python_venv/bin/python",
       "args": [
         "main.py"
       ],
       "environment": [
         {
           "name": "PYTHONPATH",
-          "value": "${workspaceFolder}/out/linux/x64/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_cmd_python/send_cmd_python_app/ten_packages/system/ten_runtime_python/lib:${workspaceFolder}/out/linux/x64/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_cmd_python/send_cmd_python_app/ten_packages/system/ten_runtime_python/interface"
+          "value": "${workspaceFolder}/out/linux/x64/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_recv_image_python/send_recv_image_python_app/ten_packages/system/ten_runtime_python/lib:${workspaceFolder}/out/linux/x64/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_recv_image_python/send_recv_image_python_app/ten_packages/system/ten_runtime_python/interface"
         },
         {
           "name": "TEN_APP_BASE_DIR",
-          "value": "${workspaceFolder}/out/linux/x64/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_cmd_python/send_cmd_python_app/"
+          "value": "${workspaceFolder}/out/linux/x64/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_recv_image_python/send_recv_image_python_app/"
         },
         {
           "name": "LD_PRELOAD",
-          "value": "${workspaceFolder}/out/linux/x64/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_cmd_python/send_cmd_python_app/ten_packages/system/ten_runtime/lib/libasan.so"
+          "value": "${workspaceFolder}/out/linux/x64/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_recv_image_python/send_recv_image_python_app/ten_packages/system/ten_runtime/lib/libasan.so"
         },
         {
           "name": "PYTHONMALLOC",
           "value": "malloc"
         }
       ],
-      "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/out/linux/x64/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_cmd_python/send_cmd_python_app",
-      "additionalSOLibSearchPath": "${workspaceFolder}/out/linux/x64/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_cmd_python/send_cmd_python_app/ten_packages/system/ten_runtime_python/lib:${workspaceFolder}/out/linux/x64/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_cmd_python/send_cmd_python_app/ten_packages/system/ten_runtime/lib",
+      "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/out/linux/x64/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_recv_image_python/send_recv_image_python_app",
+      "additionalSOLibSearchPath": "${workspaceFolder}/out/linux/x64/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_recv_image_python/send_recv_image_python_app/ten_packages/system/ten_runtime_python/lib:${workspaceFolder}/out/linux/x64/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_recv_image_python/send_recv_image_python_app/ten_packages/system/ten_runtime/lib",
       "MIMode": "gdb",
     },
     {
diff --git a/build/ten_runtime/options.gni b/build/ten_runtime/options.gni
index d542dbfeda..b34d8e7934 100644
--- a/build/ten_runtime/options.gni
+++ b/build/ten_runtime/options.gni
@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@ declare_args() {
   ten_enable_unit_tests = true
   ten_enable_smoke_tests = true
   ten_enable_integration_tests = true
-  ten_enable_private_tests = false
 }
 
 ten_runtime_common_defines = common_defines
diff --git a/core/include/ten_runtime/binding/cpp/detail/msg/audio_frame.h b/core/include/ten_runtime/binding/cpp/detail/msg/audio_frame.h
index b702e390bb..f41b884409 100644
--- a/core/include/ten_runtime/binding/cpp/detail/msg/audio_frame.h
+++ b/core/include/ten_runtime/binding/cpp/detail/msg/audio_frame.h
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@ class audio_frame_t : public msg_t {
   };
 
  public:
-  static std::unique_ptr<audio_frame_t> create(const char *audio_frame_name,
+  static std::unique_ptr<audio_frame_t> create(const char *name,
                                                error_t *err = nullptr) {
-    if (audio_frame_name == nullptr || strlen(audio_frame_name) == 0) {
+    if (name == nullptr || strlen(name) == 0) {
       if (err != nullptr && err->get_c_error() != nullptr) {
         ten_error_set(err->get_c_error(), TEN_ERRNO_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
                       "audio frame name cannot be empty.");
@@ -43,9 +43,8 @@ class audio_frame_t : public msg_t {
       return nullptr;
     }
 
-    auto *c_frame = ten_audio_frame_create();
-    ten_msg_set_name(c_frame, audio_frame_name,
-                     err != nullptr ? err->get_c_error() : nullptr);
+    auto *c_frame = ten_audio_frame_create(
+        name, err != nullptr ? err->get_c_error() : nullptr);
 
     return std::make_unique<audio_frame_t>(c_frame, ctor_passkey_t());
   }
diff --git a/core/include/ten_runtime/binding/cpp/detail/msg/cmd/cmd.h b/core/include/ten_runtime/binding/cpp/detail/msg/cmd/cmd.h
index dfecf55acc..f671f937c6 100644
--- a/core/include/ten_runtime/binding/cpp/detail/msg/cmd/cmd.h
+++ b/core/include/ten_runtime/binding/cpp/detail/msg/cmd/cmd.h
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ class cmd_t : public msg_t {
   };
 
  public:
-  static std::unique_ptr<cmd_t> create(const char *cmd_name,
+  static std::unique_ptr<cmd_t> create(const char *name,
                                        error_t *err = nullptr) {
     ten_shared_ptr_t *c_cmd =
-        ten_cmd_create(cmd_name, err != nullptr ? err->get_c_error() : nullptr);
+        ten_cmd_create(name, err != nullptr ? err->get_c_error() : nullptr);
 
     return std::make_unique<cmd_t>(c_cmd, ctor_passkey_t());
   }
diff --git a/core/include/ten_runtime/binding/cpp/detail/msg/data.h b/core/include/ten_runtime/binding/cpp/detail/msg/data.h
index 08f1c8a4b0..22239cc453 100644
--- a/core/include/ten_runtime/binding/cpp/detail/msg/data.h
+++ b/core/include/ten_runtime/binding/cpp/detail/msg/data.h
@@ -45,9 +45,8 @@ class data_t : public msg_t {
       return nullptr;
     }
 
-    auto *c_data = ten_data_create();
-    ten_msg_set_name(c_data, data_name,
-                     err != nullptr ? err->get_c_error() : nullptr);
+    auto *c_data = ten_data_create(
+        data_name, err != nullptr ? err->get_c_error() : nullptr);
 
     return std::make_unique<data_t>(c_data, ctor_passkey_t());
   }
diff --git a/core/include/ten_runtime/binding/cpp/detail/msg/msg.h b/core/include/ten_runtime/binding/cpp/detail/msg/msg.h
index e557cbfee5..1afae5028e 100644
--- a/core/include/ten_runtime/binding/cpp/detail/msg/msg.h
+++ b/core/include/ten_runtime/binding/cpp/detail/msg/msg.h
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 #include "ten_utils/lib/buf.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/json.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/smart_ptr.h"
-#include "ten_utils/log/log.h"
 #include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_utils/value/value.h"
 #include "ten_utils/value/value_get.h"
@@ -101,75 +100,6 @@ class msg_t {
         err != nullptr ? err->get_c_error() : nullptr);
   }
 
-  std::string to_json(error_t *err = nullptr) const {
-    TEN_ASSERT(c_msg, "Should not happen.");
-
-    if (c_msg == nullptr) {
-      if (err != nullptr && err->get_c_error() != nullptr) {
-        ten_error_set(err->get_c_error(), TEN_ERRNO_GENERIC,
-                      "Invalid TEN message.");
-      }
-      return "";
-    }
-
-    ten_json_t *c_json =
-        ten_msg_to_json(c_msg, err != nullptr ? err->get_c_error() : nullptr);
-    TEN_ASSERT(c_json, "Failed to get json from TEN C message.");
-    if (c_json == nullptr) {
-      if (err != nullptr && err->get_c_error() != nullptr) {
-        ten_error_set(err->get_c_error(), TEN_ERRNO_GENERIC,
-                      "Invalid TEN message.");
-      }
-      return "";
-    }
-
-    bool must_free = false;
-    const char *json_str = ten_json_to_string(c_json, nullptr, &must_free);
-    TEN_ASSERT(json_str, "Failed to get JSON string from JSON.");
-    std::string res = json_str;
-
-    ten_json_destroy(c_json);
-    if (must_free) {
-      TEN_FREE(
-          json_str);  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-no-malloc, hicpp-no-malloc)
-    }
-    return res;
-  }
-
-  bool from_json(const char *json_str, error_t *err = nullptr) {
-    TEN_ASSERT(c_msg, "Should not happen.");
-
-    if (c_msg == nullptr) {
-      if (err != nullptr && err->get_c_error() != nullptr) {
-        ten_error_set(err->get_c_error(), TEN_ERRNO_GENERIC,
-                      "Invalid TEN message.");
-      }
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    bool result = true;
-
-    ten_json_t *c_json = ten_json_from_string(
-        json_str, err != nullptr ? err->get_c_error() : nullptr);
-    if (c_json == nullptr) {
-      result = false;
-      goto done;  // NOLINT(hicpp-avoid-goto,cppcoreguidelines-avoid-goto)
-    }
-
-    result = ten_msg_from_json(c_msg, c_json,
-                               err != nullptr ? err->get_c_error() : nullptr);
-    if (!result) {
-      TEN_LOGW("Failed to set message content.");
-      goto done;  // NOLINT(hicpp-avoid-goto,cppcoreguidelines-avoid-goto)
-    }
-
-  done:
-    if (c_json != nullptr) {
-      ten_json_destroy(c_json);
-    }
-    return result;
-  }
-
   bool is_property_exist(const char *path, error_t *err = nullptr) {
     TEN_ASSERT(c_msg, "Should not happen.");
     TEN_ASSERT(path && strlen(path), "path should not be empty.");
@@ -374,10 +304,8 @@ class msg_t {
     return get_property_buf(path, nullptr);
   }
 
-  std::string get_property_to_json(const char *path,
+  std::string get_property_to_json(const char *path = nullptr,
                                    error_t *err = nullptr) const {
-    TEN_ASSERT(path && strlen(path), "path should not be empty.");
-
     if (c_msg == nullptr) {
       if (err != nullptr && err->get_c_error() != nullptr) {
         ten_error_set(err->get_c_error(), TEN_ERRNO_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
@@ -394,6 +322,10 @@ class msg_t {
     }
     ten_json_t *c_json = ten_value_to_json(value);
     if (c_json == nullptr) {
+      if (err != nullptr && err->get_c_error() != nullptr) {
+        ten_error_set(err->get_c_error(), TEN_ERRNO_GENERIC,
+                      "Invalid TEN message.");
+      }
       return result;
     }
 
@@ -562,6 +494,14 @@ class msg_t {
                               error_t *err = nullptr) {
     TEN_ASSERT(c_msg, "Should not happen.");
 
+    if (c_msg == nullptr) {
+      if (err != nullptr && err->get_c_error() != nullptr) {
+        ten_error_set(err->get_c_error(), TEN_ERRNO_GENERIC,
+                      "Invalid TEN message.");
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
     ten_json_t *c_json = ten_json_from_string(
         json, err != nullptr ? err->get_c_error() : nullptr);
     if (c_json == nullptr) {
diff --git a/core/include/ten_runtime/binding/cpp/detail/msg/video_frame.h b/core/include/ten_runtime/binding/cpp/detail/msg/video_frame.h
index 809e8099a4..08e604bf0d 100644
--- a/core/include/ten_runtime/binding/cpp/detail/msg/video_frame.h
+++ b/core/include/ten_runtime/binding/cpp/detail/msg/video_frame.h
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@ class video_frame_t : public msg_t {
   };
 
  public:
-  static std::unique_ptr<video_frame_t> create(const char *video_frame_name,
+  static std::unique_ptr<video_frame_t> create(const char *name,
                                                error_t *err = nullptr) {
-    if (video_frame_name == nullptr || strlen(video_frame_name) == 0) {
+    if (name == nullptr || strlen(name) == 0) {
       if (err != nullptr && err->get_c_error() != nullptr) {
         ten_error_set(err->get_c_error(), TEN_ERRNO_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
                       "Video frame name cannot be empty.");
@@ -43,9 +43,8 @@ class video_frame_t : public msg_t {
       return nullptr;
     }
 
-    auto *c_frame = ten_video_frame_create();
-    ten_msg_set_name(c_frame, video_frame_name,
-                     err != nullptr ? err->get_c_error() : nullptr);
+    auto *c_frame = ten_video_frame_create(
+        name, err != nullptr ? err->get_c_error() : nullptr);
 
     return std::make_unique<video_frame_t>(c_frame, ctor_passkey_t());
   }
diff --git a/core/include/ten_runtime/msg/audio_frame/audio_frame.h b/core/include/ten_runtime/msg/audio_frame/audio_frame.h
index 86cf21edd2..0f947ec1b2 100644
--- a/core/include/ten_runtime/msg/audio_frame/audio_frame.h
+++ b/core/include/ten_runtime/msg/audio_frame/audio_frame.h
@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ typedef enum TEN_AUDIO_FRAME_DATA_FMT {
 
 typedef struct ten_audio_frame_t ten_audio_frame_t;
 
-TEN_RUNTIME_API ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_audio_frame_create(void);
+TEN_RUNTIME_API ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_audio_frame_create(const char *name,
+                                                         ten_error_t *err);
 
 TEN_RUNTIME_API int64_t ten_audio_frame_get_timestamp(ten_shared_ptr_t *self);
 TEN_RUNTIME_API bool ten_audio_frame_set_timestamp(ten_shared_ptr_t *self,
diff --git a/core/include/ten_runtime/msg/cmd/cmd.h b/core/include/ten_runtime/msg/cmd/cmd.h
index fa8c3f7be7..1195d9be36 100644
--- a/core/include/ten_runtime/msg/cmd/cmd.h
+++ b/core/include/ten_runtime/msg/cmd/cmd.h
@@ -11,5 +11,5 @@
 #include "ten_utils/lib/error.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/smart_ptr.h"
 
-TEN_RUNTIME_API ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_cmd_create(const char *cmd_name,
+TEN_RUNTIME_API ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_cmd_create(const char *name,
                                                  ten_error_t *err);
diff --git a/core/include/ten_runtime/msg/data/data.h b/core/include/ten_runtime/msg/data/data.h
index cfce3bdb65..9a158f34f4 100644
--- a/core/include/ten_runtime/msg/data/data.h
+++ b/core/include/ten_runtime/msg/data/data.h
@@ -16,11 +16,13 @@
 
 typedef struct ten_data_t ten_data_t;
 
-TEN_RUNTIME_API ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_data_create(void);
+TEN_RUNTIME_API ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_data_create(const char *name,
+                                                  ten_error_t *err);
 
 TEN_RUNTIME_API ten_buf_t *ten_data_peek_buf(ten_shared_ptr_t *self);
 
 TEN_RUNTIME_API void ten_data_set_buf_with_move(ten_shared_ptr_t *self,
-                                              ten_buf_t *buf);
+                                                ten_buf_t *buf);
 
-TEN_RUNTIME_API uint8_t *ten_data_alloc_buf(ten_shared_ptr_t *self, size_t size);
+TEN_RUNTIME_API uint8_t *ten_data_alloc_buf(ten_shared_ptr_t *self,
+                                            size_t size);
diff --git a/core/include/ten_runtime/msg/video_frame/video_frame.h b/core/include/ten_runtime/msg/video_frame/video_frame.h
index d04c558b95..9a137fa288 100644
--- a/core/include/ten_runtime/msg/video_frame/video_frame.h
+++ b/core/include/ten_runtime/msg/video_frame/video_frame.h
@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@ typedef enum TEN_PIXEL_FMT {
 
 typedef struct ten_video_frame_t ten_video_frame_t;
 
-TEN_RUNTIME_API ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_video_frame_create(void);
+TEN_RUNTIME_API ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_video_frame_create(const char *name,
+                                                         ten_error_t *err);
 
 TEN_RUNTIME_API int32_t ten_video_frame_get_width(ten_shared_ptr_t *self);
 TEN_RUNTIME_API bool ten_video_frame_set_width(ten_shared_ptr_t *self,
diff --git a/core/include/ten_utils/value/value_get.h b/core/include/ten_utils/value/value_get.h
index 5f61fddb1b..ca1f61aa16 100644
--- a/core/include/ten_utils/value/value_get.h
+++ b/core/include/ten_utils/value/value_get.h
@@ -56,5 +56,7 @@ TEN_UTILS_API ten_buf_t *ten_value_peek_buf(ten_value_t *self);
 
 TEN_UTILS_API ten_list_t *ten_value_peek_array(ten_value_t *self);
 
+TEN_UTILS_API ten_list_t *ten_value_peek_object(ten_value_t *self);
+
 TEN_UTILS_API ten_value_t *ten_value_array_peek(ten_value_t *self, size_t index,
                                                 ten_error_t *err);
diff --git a/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/python/msg/msg.h b/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/python/msg/msg.h
index c629699b76..7d104356fb 100644
--- a/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/python/msg/msg.h
+++ b/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/python/msg/msg.h
@@ -22,12 +22,6 @@ typedef struct ten_py_msg_t {
   ten_shared_ptr_t *c_msg;
 } ten_py_msg_t;
 
-TEN_RUNTIME_PRIVATE_API PyObject *ten_py_msg_to_json(PyObject *self,
-                                                     PyObject *args);
-
-TEN_RUNTIME_PRIVATE_API PyObject *ten_py_msg_from_json(PyObject *self,
-                                                       PyObject *args);
-
 TEN_RUNTIME_PRIVATE_API PyObject *ten_py_msg_get_name(PyObject *self,
                                                       PyObject *args);
 
diff --git a/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/audio_frame/audio_frame.h b/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/audio_frame/audio_frame.h
index dbf8b6e6d0..2a5aeb4530 100644
--- a/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/audio_frame/audio_frame.h
+++ b/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/audio_frame/audio_frame.h
@@ -57,6 +57,11 @@ typedef struct ten_audio_frame_t {
   ten_value_t is_eof;  // bool
 } ten_audio_frame_t;
 
+TEN_RUNTIME_PRIVATE_API ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_audio_frame_create_empty(void);
+
+TEN_RUNTIME_API ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_audio_frame_create_with_name_len(
+    const char *name, size_t name_len, ten_error_t *err);
+
 TEN_RUNTIME_PRIVATE_API void ten_raw_audio_frame_destroy(
     ten_audio_frame_t *self);
 
diff --git a/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/cmd_base/cmd/custom/cmd.h b/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/cmd_base/cmd/custom/cmd.h
index c4c042b970..6fb151e1b7 100644
--- a/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/cmd_base/cmd/custom/cmd.h
+++ b/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/cmd_base/cmd/custom/cmd.h
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/loop_fields.h"
 #include "ten_utils/container/list.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/error.h"
+#include "ten_utils/lib/smart_ptr.h"
 #include "ten_utils/value/value.h"
 
 typedef struct ten_msg_t ten_msg_t;
@@ -29,10 +30,16 @@ TEN_RUNTIME_PRIVATE_API ten_msg_t *ten_raw_cmd_custom_as_msg_clone(
 TEN_RUNTIME_PRIVATE_API ten_json_t *ten_raw_cmd_custom_to_json(
     ten_msg_t *self, ten_error_t *err);
 
-TEN_RUNTIME_API ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_cmd_custom_create(void);
+TEN_RUNTIME_API ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_cmd_custom_create_empty(void);
 
-TEN_RUNTIME_PRIVATE_API ten_cmd_t *ten_raw_cmd_custom_create(
-    const char *cmd_name);
+TEN_RUNTIME_PRIVATE_API ten_cmd_t *ten_raw_cmd_custom_create(const char *name,
+                                                             ten_error_t *err);
+
+TEN_RUNTIME_PRIVATE_API ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_cmd_custom_create(
+    const char *name, ten_error_t *err);
+
+TEN_RUNTIME_API ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_cmd_custom_create_with_name_len(
+    const char *name, size_t name_len, ten_error_t *err);
 
 TEN_RUNTIME_PRIVATE_API bool ten_raw_cmd_custom_loop_all_fields(
     ten_msg_t *self, ten_raw_msg_process_one_field_func_t cb, void *user_data,
diff --git a/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/data/data.h b/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/data/data.h
index 42ca0e026b..2513898d51 100644
--- a/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/data/data.h
+++ b/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/data/data.h
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/msg.h"
 #include "ten_utils/container/list.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/error.h"
-#include "ten_utils/lib/json.h"
 
 #define TEN_DATA_SIGNATURE 0xC579EAD75E1BB0FCU
 
@@ -24,6 +23,11 @@ typedef struct ten_data_t {
   ten_value_t buf;
 } ten_data_t;
 
+TEN_RUNTIME_PRIVATE_API ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_data_create_empty(void);
+
+TEN_RUNTIME_API ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_data_create_with_name_len(
+    const char *name, size_t name_len, ten_error_t *err);
+
 TEN_RUNTIME_PRIVATE_API bool ten_raw_data_like_set_ten_property(
     ten_msg_t *self, ten_list_t *paths, ten_value_t *value, ten_error_t *err);
 
diff --git a/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/msg.h b/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/msg.h
index a4350f831b..57bdfb1925 100644
--- a/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/msg.h
+++ b/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/msg.h
@@ -300,6 +300,11 @@ TEN_RUNTIME_PRIVATE_API bool ten_raw_msg_set_name(ten_msg_t *self,
                                                   const char *msg_name,
                                                   ten_error_t *err);
 
+TEN_RUNTIME_PRIVATE_API bool ten_raw_msg_set_name_with_len(ten_msg_t *self,
+                                                           const char *msg_name,
+                                                           size_t msg_name_len,
+                                                           ten_error_t *err);
+
 /**
  * @brief Set the 'graph_id' in the dest loc to the specified value.
  */
@@ -308,10 +313,10 @@ ten_msg_set_dest_engine_if_unspecified_or_predefined_graph_name(
     ten_shared_ptr_t *self, ten_engine_t *target_engine,
     ten_list_t *predefined_graph_infos);
 
-TEN_RUNTIME_API bool ten_msg_set_name_with_size(ten_shared_ptr_t *self,
-                                                const char *msg_name,
-                                                size_t msg_name_len,
-                                                ten_error_t *err);
+TEN_RUNTIME_PRIVATE_API bool ten_msg_set_name_with_len(ten_shared_ptr_t *self,
+                                                       const char *msg_name,
+                                                       size_t msg_name_len,
+                                                       ten_error_t *err);
 
 inline TEN_MSG_TYPE ten_raw_msg_get_type(ten_msg_t *self) {
   TEN_ASSERT(self && ten_raw_msg_check_integrity(self), "Should not happen.");
diff --git a/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/video_frame/video_frame.h b/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/video_frame/video_frame.h
index d485333b80..7028f7cc2b 100644
--- a/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/video_frame/video_frame.h
+++ b/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/video_frame/video_frame.h
@@ -30,6 +30,11 @@ typedef struct ten_video_frame_t {
   ten_value_t data;       // buf
 } ten_video_frame_t;
 
+TEN_RUNTIME_PRIVATE_API ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_video_frame_create_empty(void);
+
+TEN_RUNTIME_API ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_video_frame_create_with_name_len(
+    const char *name, size_t name_len, ten_error_t *err);
+
 TEN_RUNTIME_PRIVATE_API bool ten_raw_video_frame_check_integrity(
     ten_video_frame_t *self);
 
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/msg.go b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/msg.go
index 6d3c35eae4..922bbeb029 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/msg.go
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/msg.go
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import "C"
 
 import (
 	"runtime"
-	"unsafe"
 )
 
 // MsgType is an alias of `TEN_MSG_TYPE` from TEN runtime.
@@ -47,7 +46,6 @@ type Msg interface {
 
 	GetType() MsgType
 	GetName() (string, error)
-	ToJSON() string
 
 	iProperty
 }
@@ -201,21 +199,6 @@ func (p *msg) getType() MsgType {
 	return (MsgType)(C.ten_go_msg_get_type(p.cPtr))
 }
 
-func (p *msg) ToJSON() string {
-	return p.process(func() any {
-		return p.toJSON()
-	}).(string)
-}
-
-func (p *msg) toJSON() string {
-	defer p.keepAlive()
-
-	cString := C.ten_go_msg_to_json(p.cPtr)
-	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cString))
-
-	return C.GoString(cString)
-}
-
 func (p *msg) GetName() (string, error) {
 	defer p.keepAlive()
 
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/msg.h b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/msg.h
index 9f3efcef6c..f100614a59 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/msg.h
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/msg.h
@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@ typedef struct ten_go_value_t ten_go_value_t;
 
 int ten_go_msg_get_type(uintptr_t bridge_addr);
 
-const char *ten_go_msg_to_json(uintptr_t bridge_addr);
-
 /**
  * @brief Get the type and size of a property of the msg. This function is
  * called before getting property from the GO side, as the GO side needs to do
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/msg_property.go b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/msg_property.go
index dfb964edf5..1a4f999f8e 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/msg_property.go
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/msg_property.go
@@ -698,13 +698,6 @@ func (p *msg) setPropertyFromJSONBytes(path string, value []byte) error {
 // structure is already known beforehand through certain methods, GetProperty
 // can be used to retrieve individual fields.
 func (p *msg) SetPropertyFromJSONBytes(path string, value []byte) error {
-	if len(path) == 0 || len(value) == 0 {
-		return newTenError(
-			ErrnoInvalidArgument,
-			"the property path and value are required",
-		)
-	}
-
 	return withCGO(func() error {
 		return p.setPropertyFromJSONBytes(path, value)
 	})
@@ -775,13 +768,6 @@ func (p *msg) getPropertyToJSONBytes(path string) ([]byte, error) {
 // This function uses a bytes pool to improve the performance. ReleaseBytes is
 // recommended to be called after the []byte is no longer used.
 func (p *msg) GetPropertyToJSONBytes(path string) ([]byte, error) {
-	if len(path) == 0 {
-		return nil, newTenError(
-			ErrnoInvalidArgument,
-			"the property path is required.",
-		)
-	}
-
 	return withCGOLimiterHasReturnValue[[]byte](func() ([]byte, error) {
 		return p.getPropertyToJSONBytes(path)
 	})
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/msg/audio_frame/audio_frame.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/msg/audio_frame/audio_frame.c
index 809a36822e..8acfce5e21 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/msg/audio_frame/audio_frame.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/msg/audio_frame/audio_frame.c
@@ -10,26 +10,25 @@
 
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/internal/common.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/msg/msg.h"
+#include "include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/audio_frame/audio_frame.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/msg.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/msg.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/common/errno.h"
-#include "ten_runtime/msg/audio_frame/audio_frame.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/msg/msg.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/error.h"
 #include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 
-ten_go_error_t ten_go_audio_frame_create(const void *msg_name, int msg_name_len,
+ten_go_error_t ten_go_audio_frame_create(const void *name, int name_len,
                                          uintptr_t *bridge_addr) {
   TEN_ASSERT(bridge_addr, "Invalid argument.");
 
   ten_go_error_t cgo_error;
   ten_go_error_init_with_errno(&cgo_error, TEN_ERRNO_OK);
 
-  ten_shared_ptr_t *c_audio_frame = ten_audio_frame_create();
+  ten_shared_ptr_t *c_audio_frame =
+      ten_audio_frame_create_with_name_len(name, name_len, NULL);
   TEN_ASSERT(c_audio_frame, "Should not happen.");
 
-  ten_msg_set_name_with_size(c_audio_frame, msg_name, msg_name_len, NULL);
-
   ten_go_msg_t *bridge = ten_go_msg_create(c_audio_frame);
   *bridge_addr = (uintptr_t)bridge;
 
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/msg/cmd/cmd.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/msg/cmd/cmd.c
index 113d485178..045c04dc8e 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/msg/cmd/cmd.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/msg/cmd/cmd.c
@@ -23,18 +23,17 @@
 
 ten_go_handle_t tenGoCreateCmdResult(uintptr_t);
 
-ten_go_error_t ten_go_cmd_create_cmd(const void *cmd_name, int cmd_name_len,
+ten_go_error_t ten_go_cmd_create_cmd(const void *name, int name_len,
                                      uintptr_t *bridge) {
-  TEN_ASSERT(cmd_name && cmd_name_len > 0, "Should not happen.");
+  TEN_ASSERT(name && name_len > 0, "Should not happen.");
 
   ten_go_error_t cgo_error;
   ten_go_error_init_with_errno(&cgo_error, TEN_ERRNO_OK);
 
-  ten_shared_ptr_t *cmd = ten_cmd_custom_create();
+  ten_shared_ptr_t *cmd =
+      ten_cmd_custom_create_with_name_len(name, name_len, NULL);
   TEN_ASSERT(cmd && ten_cmd_check_integrity(cmd), "Should not happen.");
 
-  ten_msg_set_name_with_size(cmd, cmd_name, cmd_name_len, NULL);
-
   ten_go_msg_t *msg_bridge = ten_go_msg_create(cmd);
   TEN_ASSERT(msg_bridge, "Should not happen.");
 
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/msg/data/data.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/msg/data/data.c
index 18c8bb6c8d..7fbb3b7291 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/msg/data/data.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/msg/data/data.c
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/internal/common.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/msg/msg.h"
+#include "include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/data/data.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/msg.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/msg.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/common/errno.h"
@@ -16,18 +17,17 @@
 #include "ten_utils/lib/smart_ptr.h"
 #include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 
-ten_go_error_t ten_go_data_create(const void *msg_name, int msg_name_len,
+ten_go_error_t ten_go_data_create(const void *name, int name_len,
                                   uintptr_t *bridge) {
   TEN_ASSERT(bridge, "Should not happen.");
 
   ten_go_error_t cgo_error;
   ten_go_error_init_with_errno(&cgo_error, TEN_ERRNO_OK);
 
-  ten_shared_ptr_t *c_data = ten_data_create();
+  ten_shared_ptr_t *c_data =
+      ten_data_create_with_name_len(name, name_len, NULL);
   TEN_ASSERT(c_data, "Should not happen.");
 
-  ten_msg_set_name_with_size(c_data, msg_name, msg_name_len, NULL);
-
   ten_go_msg_t *data_bridge = ten_go_msg_create(c_data);
   TEN_ASSERT(data_bridge && ten_go_msg_check_integrity(data_bridge),
              "Should not happen.");
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/msg/msg.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/msg/msg.c
index 361fe71816..611e8a5a42 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/msg/msg.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/msg/msg.c
@@ -103,26 +103,6 @@ int ten_go_msg_get_type(uintptr_t bridge_addr) {
   return type;
 }
 
-const char *ten_go_msg_to_json(uintptr_t bridge_addr) {
-  ten_go_msg_t *msg_bridge = ten_go_msg_reinterpret(bridge_addr);
-  TEN_ASSERT(msg_bridge && ten_go_msg_check_integrity(msg_bridge),
-             "Should not happen.");
-
-  ten_json_t *json = ten_msg_to_json(msg_bridge->c_msg, NULL);
-  if (!json) {
-    return NULL;
-  }
-
-  TEN_ASSERT(json, "Failed to get json from TEN C message.");
-
-  bool must_free = false;
-  const char *json_str = ten_json_to_string(json, NULL, &must_free);
-  TEN_ASSERT(json_str, "Failed to get JSON string from JSON.");
-
-  ten_json_destroy(json);
-  return json_str;
-}
-
 static ten_value_t *ten_go_msg_property_get_and_check_if_exists(
     ten_go_msg_t *self, const void *path, ten_go_handle_t path_len,
     ten_go_error_t *status) {
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/msg/video_frame/video_frame.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/msg/video_frame/video_frame.c
index e3f2679020..47af259d26 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/msg/video_frame/video_frame.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/msg/video_frame/video_frame.c
@@ -11,24 +11,24 @@
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/internal/common.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/msg/msg.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/msg.h"
+#include "include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/video_frame/video_frame.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/msg.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/common/errno.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/msg/msg.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/msg/video_frame/video_frame.h"
 #include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 
-ten_go_error_t ten_go_video_frame_create(const void *msg_name, int msg_name_len,
+ten_go_error_t ten_go_video_frame_create(const void *name, int name_len,
                                          uintptr_t *bridge_addr) {
   TEN_ASSERT(bridge_addr, "Invalid argument.");
 
   ten_go_error_t cgo_error;
   ten_go_error_init_with_errno(&cgo_error, TEN_ERRNO_OK);
 
-  ten_shared_ptr_t *c_video_frame = ten_video_frame_create();
+  ten_shared_ptr_t *c_video_frame =
+      ten_video_frame_create_with_name_len(name, name_len, NULL);
   TEN_ASSERT(c_video_frame, "Should not happen.");
 
-  ten_msg_set_name_with_size(c_video_frame, msg_name, msg_name_len, NULL);
-
   ten_go_msg_t *bridge = ten_go_msg_create(c_video_frame);
   *bridge_addr = (uintptr_t)bridge;
 
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/interface/ten/audio_frame.py b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/interface/ten/audio_frame.py
index 9bccdcb2ee..be09226f26 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/interface/ten/audio_frame.py
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/interface/ten/audio_frame.py
@@ -4,8 +4,11 @@
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0, with certain conditions.
 # Refer to the "LICENSE" file in the root directory for more information.
 #
-from libten_runtime_python import _AudioFrame
 from enum import IntEnum
+from typing import Type, TypeVar
+from libten_runtime_python import _AudioFrame
+
+T = TypeVar("T", bound="AudioFrame")
 
 
 # AudioFrameDataFmt values. These definitions need to be the same as the
@@ -23,67 +26,26 @@ def __init__(self):
         raise NotImplementedError("Use AudioFrame.create instead.")
 
     @classmethod
-    def create(cls, msg_name: str):
-        instance = cls.__new__(cls)
-        instance.set_name(msg_name)
-        return instance
-
-    def alloc_buf(self, size: int) -> None:
-        return _AudioFrame.alloc_buf(self, size)
-
-    def lock_buf(self) -> memoryview:
-        return _AudioFrame.lock_buf(self)
-
-    def unlock_buf(self, buf: memoryview) -> None:
-        return _AudioFrame.unlock_buf(self, buf)
-
-    def get_buf(self) -> bytearray:
-        return _AudioFrame.get_buf(self)
-
-    def get_timestamp(self) -> int:
-        return _AudioFrame.get_timestamp(self)
-
-    def set_timestamp(self, timestamp: int) -> None:
-        return _AudioFrame.set_timestamp(self, timestamp)
-
-    def get_sample_rate(self) -> int:
-        return _AudioFrame.get_sample_rate(self)
-
-    def set_sample_rate(self, sample_rate: int) -> None:
-        return _AudioFrame.set_sample_rate(self, sample_rate)
-
-    def get_samples_per_channel(self) -> int:
-        return _AudioFrame.get_samples_per_channel(self)
-
-    def set_samples_per_channel(self, samples_per_channel: int) -> None:
-        return _AudioFrame.set_samples_per_channel(self, samples_per_channel)
-
-    def get_bytes_per_sample(self) -> int:
-        return _AudioFrame.get_bytes_per_sample(self)
-
-    def set_bytes_per_sample(self, bytes_per_sample: int) -> None:
-        return _AudioFrame.set_bytes_per_sample(self, bytes_per_sample)
-
-    def get_number_of_channels(self) -> int:
-        return _AudioFrame.get_number_of_channels(self)
-
-    def set_number_of_channels(self, number_of_channels: int) -> None:
-        return _AudioFrame.set_number_of_channels(self, number_of_channels)
-
-    def get_data_fmt(self) -> AudioFrameDataFmt:
-        return AudioFrameDataFmt(_AudioFrame.get_data_fmt(self))
-
-    def set_data_fmt(self, data_fmt: AudioFrameDataFmt) -> None:
-        return _AudioFrame.set_data_fmt(self, data_fmt.value)
-
-    def get_line_size(self) -> int:
-        return _AudioFrame.get_line_size(self)
-
-    def set_line_size(self, line_size: int) -> None:
-        return _AudioFrame.set_line_size(self, line_size)
-
-    def is_eof(self) -> bool:
-        return _AudioFrame.is_eof(self)
-
-    def set_eof(self, is_eof: bool) -> None:
-        return _AudioFrame.set_eof(self, is_eof)
+    def create(cls: Type[T], name: str) -> T:
+        return cls.__new__(cls, name)
+
+    alloc_buf = _AudioFrame.alloc_buf
+    lock_buf = _AudioFrame.lock_buf
+    unlock_buf = _AudioFrame.unlock_buf
+    get_buf = _AudioFrame.get_buf
+    get_timestamp = _AudioFrame.get_timestamp
+    set_timestamp = _AudioFrame.set_timestamp
+    get_sample_rate = _AudioFrame.get_sample_rate
+    set_sample_rate = _AudioFrame.set_sample_rate
+    get_samples_per_channel = _AudioFrame.get_samples_per_channel
+    set_samples_per_channel = _AudioFrame.set_samples_per_channel
+    get_bytes_per_sample = _AudioFrame.get_bytes_per_sample
+    set_bytes_per_sample = _AudioFrame.set_bytes_per_sample
+    get_number_of_channels = _AudioFrame.get_number_of_channels
+    set_number_of_channels = _AudioFrame.set_number_of_channels
+    get_data_fmt = _AudioFrame.get_data_fmt
+    set_data_fmt = _AudioFrame.set_data_fmt
+    get_line_size = _AudioFrame.get_line_size
+    set_line_size = _AudioFrame.set_line_size
+    is_eof = _AudioFrame.is_eof
+    set_eof = _AudioFrame.set_eof
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/interface/ten/cmd.py b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/interface/ten/cmd.py
index d941d2b891..5ee6b87686 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/interface/ten/cmd.py
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/interface/ten/cmd.py
@@ -4,16 +4,16 @@
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0, with certain conditions.
 # Refer to the "LICENSE" file in the root directory for more information.
 #
+from typing import Type, TypeVar
 from libten_runtime_python import _Cmd
 
+T = TypeVar("T", bound="Cmd")
 
-class Cmd(_Cmd):
-    def __new__(cls, name: str):
-        return super().__new__(cls, name)
 
+class Cmd(_Cmd):
     def __init__(self):
         raise NotImplementedError("Use Cmd.create instead.")
 
     @classmethod
-    def create(cls, name: str):
+    def create(cls: Type[T], name: str) -> T:
         return cls.__new__(cls, name)
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/interface/ten/data.py b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/interface/ten/data.py
index 7876360dd7..0274e2fc41 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/interface/ten/data.py
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/interface/ten/data.py
@@ -4,27 +4,21 @@
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0, with certain conditions.
 # Refer to the "LICENSE" file in the root directory for more information.
 #
+from typing import Type, TypeVar
 from libten_runtime_python import _Data
 
+T = TypeVar("T", bound="Data")
+
 
 class Data(_Data):
     def __init__(self):
         raise NotImplementedError("Use Data.create instead.")
 
     @classmethod
-    def create(cls, msg_name: str):
-        instance = cls.__new__(cls)
-        instance.set_name(msg_name)
-        return instance
-
-    def alloc_buf(self, size: int) -> None:
-        return _Data.alloc_buf(self, size)
-
-    def lock_buf(self) -> memoryview:
-        return _Data.lock_buf(self)
-
-    def unlock_buf(self, buf: memoryview) -> None:
-        return _Data.unlock_buf(self, buf)
+    def create(cls: Type[T], name: str) -> T:
+        return cls.__new__(cls, name)
 
-    def get_buf(self) -> bytearray:
-        return _Data.get_buf(self)
+    alloc_buf = _Data.alloc_buf
+    lock_buf = _Data.lock_buf
+    unlock_buf = _Data.unlock_buf
+    get_buf = _Data.get_buf
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/interface/ten/libten_runtime_python.pyi b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/interface/ten/libten_runtime_python.pyi
index 2d4a2903f6..7cc470eddb 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/interface/ten/libten_runtime_python.pyi
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/interface/ten/libten_runtime_python.pyi
@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@ class _TenError:
     def err_msg(self) -> str: ...
 
 class _Msg:
-    def to_json(self) -> str: ...
-    def from_json(self, json_str: str): ...
     def get_name(self) -> str: ...
     def set_name(self, name: str) -> None: ...
     def set_dest(
@@ -29,8 +27,8 @@ class _Msg:
         extension_group: str | None,
         extension: str | None,
     ) -> None: ...
-    def set_property_from_json(self, key: str, json_str: str) -> None: ...
-    def get_property_to_json(self, key: str) -> str: ...
+    def set_property_from_json(self, path: str, json: str) -> None: ...
+    def get_property_to_json(self, path: str | None = None) -> str: ...
     def get_property_int(self, path: str) -> int: ...
     def set_property_int(self, path: str, value: int) -> None: ...
     def get_property_string(self, path: str) -> str: ...
@@ -53,12 +51,14 @@ class _CmdResult(_Msg):
     def is_completed(self) -> bool: ...
 
 class _Data(_Msg):
+    def __new__(cls, name: str): ...
     def alloc_buf(self, size: int) -> None: ...
     def lock_buf(self) -> memoryview: ...
     def unlock_buf(self, buf: memoryview) -> None: ...
     def get_buf(self) -> bytearray: ...
 
 class _VideoFrame(_Msg):
+    def __new__(cls, name: str): ...
     def alloc_buf(self, size: int) -> None: ...
     def lock_buf(self) -> memoryview: ...
     def unlock_buf(self, buf: memoryview) -> None: ...
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ class _VideoFrame(_Msg):
     def set_eof(self, eof: bool) -> None: ...
 
 class _AudioFrame(_Msg):
+    def __new__(cls, name: str): ...
     def alloc_buf(self, size: int) -> None: ...
     def lock_buf(self) -> memoryview: ...
     def unlock_buf(self, buf: memoryview) -> None: ...
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/interface/ten/msg.py b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/interface/ten/msg.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 743ecbf470..0000000000
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/interface/ten/msg.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Copyright © 2024 Agora
-# This file is part of TEN Framework, an open source project.
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0, with certain conditions.
-# Refer to the "LICENSE" file in the root directory for more information.
-#
-from libten_runtime_python import _Msg
-
-
-class Msg(_Msg):
-    def to_json(self) -> str:
-        return _Msg.to_json(self)
-
-    def from_json(self, json_str: str):
-        return _Msg.from_json(self, json_str)
-
-    def get_name(self) -> str:
-        return _Msg.get_name(self)
-
-    def set_dest(
-        self,
-        app_uri: str | None,
-        graph_id: str | None,
-        extension_group: str | None,
-        extension: str | None,
-    ) -> None:
-        return _Msg.set_dest(
-            self, app_uri, graph_id, extension_group, extension
-        )
-
-    def set_property_from_json(self, key: str, json: str) -> None:
-        return _Msg.set_property_from_json(self, key, json)
-
-    def get_property_to_json(self, key: str) -> str:
-        return _Msg.get_property_to_json(self, key)
-
-    def set_property_string(self, key: str, value: str) -> None:
-        return _Msg.set_property_string(self, key, value)
-
-    def get_property_string(self, key: str) -> str:
-        return _Msg.get_property_string(self, key)
-
-    def get_property_int(self, key: str) -> int:
-        return _Msg.get_property_int(self, key)
-
-    def set_property_int(self, key: str, value: int) -> None:
-        return _Msg.set_property_int(self, key, value)
-
-    def get_property_bool(self, key: str) -> bool:
-        return _Msg.get_property_bool(self, key)
-
-    def set_property_bool(self, key: str, value: bool) -> None:
-        return _Msg.set_property_bool(self, key, value)
-
-    def get_property_float(self, path: str) -> float:
-        return _Msg.get_property_float(self, path)
-
-    def set_property_float(self, path: str, value: float) -> None:
-        return _Msg.set_property_float(self, path, value)
-
-    def get_property_buf(self, path: str) -> bytearray:
-        return _Msg.get_property_buf(self, path)
-
-    def set_property_buf(self, path: str, value: bytes) -> None:
-        return _Msg.set_property_buf(self, path, value)
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/interface/ten/video_frame.py b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/interface/ten/video_frame.py
index 7b032bda51..92620db57d 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/interface/ten/video_frame.py
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/interface/ten/video_frame.py
@@ -4,8 +4,11 @@
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0, with certain conditions.
 # Refer to the "LICENSE" file in the root directory for more information.
 #
-from libten_runtime_python import _VideoFrame
 from enum import IntEnum
+from typing import Type, TypeVar
+from libten_runtime_python import _VideoFrame
+
+T = TypeVar("T", bound="VideoFrame")
 
 
 # PixelFmt values. These definitions need to be the same as the PixelFmt
@@ -29,49 +32,20 @@ def __init__(self):
         raise NotImplementedError("Use VideoFrame.create instead.")
 
     @classmethod
-    def create(cls, msg_name: str):
-        instance = cls.__new__(cls)
-        instance.set_name(msg_name)
-        return instance
-
-    def alloc_buf(self, size: int) -> None:
-        return _VideoFrame.alloc_buf(self, size)
-
-    def lock_buf(self) -> memoryview:
-        return _VideoFrame.lock_buf(self)
-
-    def unlock_buf(self, buf: memoryview) -> None:
-        return _VideoFrame.unlock_buf(self, buf)
-
-    def get_buf(self) -> bytearray:
-        return _VideoFrame.get_buf(self)
-
-    def get_width(self) -> int:
-        return _VideoFrame.get_width(self)
-
-    def set_width(self, width: int) -> None:
-        return _VideoFrame.set_width(self, width)
-
-    def get_height(self) -> int:
-        return _VideoFrame.get_height(self)
-
-    def set_height(self, height: int) -> None:
-        return _VideoFrame.set_height(self, height)
-
-    def get_timestamp(self) -> int:
-        return _VideoFrame.get_timestamp(self)
-
-    def set_timestamp(self, timestamp: int) -> None:
-        return _VideoFrame.set_timestamp(self, timestamp)
-
-    def get_pixel_fmt(self) -> PixelFmt:
-        return PixelFmt(_VideoFrame.get_pixel_fmt(self))
-
-    def set_pixel_fmt(self, pixel_fmt: PixelFmt) -> None:
-        return _VideoFrame.set_pixel_fmt(self, pixel_fmt.value)
-
-    def is_eof(self) -> bool:
-        return _VideoFrame.is_eof(self)
-
-    def set_eof(self, eof: bool) -> None:
-        return _VideoFrame.set_eof(self, eof)
+    def create(cls: Type[T], name: str) -> T:
+        return cls.__new__(cls, name)
+
+    alloc_buf = _VideoFrame.alloc_buf
+    lock_buf = _VideoFrame.lock_buf
+    unlock_buf = _VideoFrame.unlock_buf
+    get_buf = _VideoFrame.get_buf
+    get_width = _VideoFrame.get_width
+    set_width = _VideoFrame.set_width
+    get_height = _VideoFrame.get_height
+    set_height = _VideoFrame.set_height
+    get_timestamp = _VideoFrame.get_timestamp
+    set_timestamp = _VideoFrame.set_timestamp
+    get_pixel_fmt = _VideoFrame.get_pixel_fmt
+    set_pixel_fmt = _VideoFrame.set_pixel_fmt
+    is_eof = _VideoFrame.is_eof
+    set_eof = _VideoFrame.set_eof
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/msg/audio_frame.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/msg/audio_frame.c
index d75b53aa3f..205ce835b1 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/msg/audio_frame.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/msg/audio_frame.c
@@ -32,23 +32,25 @@ static ten_py_audio_frame_t *ten_py_audio_frame_create_internal(
 }
 
 static ten_py_audio_frame_t *ten_py_audio_frame_init(
-    ten_py_audio_frame_t *py_audio_frame, TEN_UNUSED PyObject *args,
-    TEN_UNUSED PyObject *kw) {
+    ten_py_audio_frame_t *py_audio_frame, const char *name) {
   TEN_ASSERT(py_audio_frame &&
                  ten_py_msg_check_integrity((ten_py_msg_t *)py_audio_frame),
              "Invalid argument.");
 
-  py_audio_frame->msg.c_msg =
-      ten_msg_create_from_msg_type(TEN_MSG_TYPE_AUDIO_FRAME);
+  py_audio_frame->msg.c_msg = ten_audio_frame_create(name, NULL);
 
   return py_audio_frame;
 }
 
-PyObject *ten_py_audio_frame_create(PyTypeObject *type,
-                                    TEN_UNUSED PyObject *args,
+PyObject *ten_py_audio_frame_create(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args,
                                     TEN_UNUSED PyObject *kwds) {
+  const char *name = NULL;
+  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &name)) {
+    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Failed to parse arguments.");
+  }
+
   ten_py_audio_frame_t *audio_frame = ten_py_audio_frame_create_internal(type);
-  return (PyObject *)ten_py_audio_frame_init(audio_frame, args, kwds);
+  return (PyObject *)ten_py_audio_frame_init(audio_frame, name);
 }
 
 void ten_py_audio_frame_destroy(PyObject *self) {
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/msg/cmd.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/msg/cmd.c
index 4a68943a87..a98c910c2c 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/msg/cmd.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/msg/cmd.c
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/msg.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/msg/cmd/cmd.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/smart_ptr.h"
+#include "ten_utils/macro/mark.h"
 
 static ten_py_cmd_t *ten_py_cmd_create_internal(PyTypeObject *py_type) {
   if (!py_type) {
@@ -43,7 +44,8 @@ static ten_py_cmd_t *ten_py_cmd_init(ten_py_cmd_t *py_cmd, const char *name) {
   return py_cmd;
 }
 
-PyObject *ten_py_cmd_create(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kw) {
+PyObject *ten_py_cmd_create(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args,
+                            TEN_UNUSED PyObject *kw) {
   const char *name = NULL;
   if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &name)) {
     return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Failed to parse arguments.");
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/msg/data.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/msg/data.c
index 36ef6f4abb..2d3eaa1e77 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/msg/data.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/msg/data.c
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/python/common/error.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/python/msg/msg.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/msg.h"
-#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "pyport.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/msg/data/data.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/msg/msg.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/buf.h"
+#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_utils/macro/mark.h"
 
 static ten_py_data_t *ten_py_data_create_internal(PyTypeObject *py_type) {
@@ -30,20 +30,24 @@ static ten_py_data_t *ten_py_data_create_internal(PyTypeObject *py_type) {
 }
 
 static ten_py_data_t *ten_py_data_init(ten_py_data_t *py_data,
-                                       TEN_UNUSED PyObject *args,
-                                       TEN_UNUSED PyObject *kw) {
+                                       const char *name) {
   TEN_ASSERT(py_data && ten_py_msg_check_integrity((ten_py_msg_t *)py_data),
              "Invalid argument.");
 
-  py_data->msg.c_msg = ten_msg_create_from_msg_type(TEN_MSG_TYPE_DATA);
+  py_data->msg.c_msg = ten_data_create(name, NULL);
 
   return py_data;
 }
 
-PyObject *ten_py_data_create(PyTypeObject *type, TEN_UNUSED PyObject *args,
+PyObject *ten_py_data_create(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args,
                              TEN_UNUSED PyObject *kwds) {
+  const char *name = NULL;
+  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &name)) {
+    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Failed to parse arguments.");
+  }
+
   ten_py_data_t *py_data = ten_py_data_create_internal(type);
-  return (PyObject *)ten_py_data_init(py_data, args, kwds);
+  return (PyObject *)ten_py_data_init(py_data, name);
 }
 
 void ten_py_data_destroy(PyObject *self) {
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/msg/msg.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/msg/msg.c
index b8dddbb626..54216433ba 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/msg/msg.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/msg/msg.c
@@ -47,81 +47,6 @@ ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_py_msg_move_c_msg(ten_py_msg_t *self) {
   return c_msg;
 }
 
-PyObject *ten_py_msg_to_json(PyObject *self, TEN_UNUSED PyObject *args) {
-  ten_py_msg_t *py_msg = (ten_py_msg_t *)self;
-
-  TEN_ASSERT(py_msg && ten_py_msg_check_integrity(py_msg), "Invalid argument.");
-
-  ten_shared_ptr_t *c_msg = py_msg->c_msg;
-  if (!c_msg) {
-    TEN_ASSERT(0, "Should not happen.");
-    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Cmd is invalidated.");
-  }
-
-  ten_json_t *msg_json = ten_msg_to_json(c_msg, NULL);
-
-  bool must_free = true;
-  const char *json_string = ten_json_to_string(msg_json, NULL, &must_free);
-  PyObject *res = Py_BuildValue("s", json_string);
-  if (must_free) {
-    TEN_FREE(json_string);
-  }
-
-  ten_json_destroy(msg_json);
-
-  return res;
-}
-
-PyObject *ten_py_msg_from_json(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
-  ten_py_msg_t *py_msg = (ten_py_msg_t *)self;
-
-  TEN_ASSERT(py_msg && ten_py_msg_check_integrity(py_msg), "Invalid argument.");
-
-  ten_shared_ptr_t *c_msg = py_msg->c_msg;
-  if (!c_msg) {
-    TEN_ASSERT(0, "Should not happen.");
-    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Cmd is invalidated.");
-  }
-
-  bool success = true;
-
-  ten_error_t err;
-  ten_error_init(&err);
-
-  if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args) != 1) {
-    ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("from_json requires 1 args.");
-
-    success = false;
-    goto done;
-  }
-
-  char *json_str = NULL;
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &json_str)) {
-    success = false;
-    goto done;
-  }
-
-  ten_json_t *c_json = ten_json_from_string(json_str, &err);
-  if (!c_json) {
-    ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception(ten_error_errmsg(&err));
-
-    success = false;
-    goto done;
-  }
-
-  success = ten_msg_from_json(c_msg, c_json, &err);
-  ten_json_destroy(c_json);
-
-done:
-  ten_error_deinit(&err);
-
-  if (success) {
-    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-  } else {
-    return NULL;
-  }
-}
-
 PyObject *ten_py_msg_get_name(PyObject *self, TEN_UNUSED PyObject *args) {
   ten_py_msg_t *py_msg = (ten_py_msg_t *)self;
 
@@ -130,7 +55,7 @@ PyObject *ten_py_msg_get_name(PyObject *self, TEN_UNUSED PyObject *args) {
   ten_shared_ptr_t *c_msg = py_msg->c_msg;
   if (!c_msg) {
     TEN_ASSERT(0, "Should not happen.");
-    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Cmd is invalidated.");
+    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Msg is invalidated.");
   }
 
   const char *name = ten_msg_get_name(c_msg);
@@ -148,7 +73,7 @@ PyObject *ten_py_msg_set_name(PyObject *self, TEN_UNUSED PyObject *args) {
   ten_shared_ptr_t *c_msg = py_msg->c_msg;
   if (!c_msg) {
     TEN_ASSERT(0, "Should not happen.");
-    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Cmd is invalidated.");
+    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Msg is invalidated.");
   }
 
   const char *name = NULL;
@@ -226,20 +151,20 @@ PyObject *ten_py_msg_set_property_string(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
   ten_shared_ptr_t *c_msg = py_msg->c_msg;
   if (!c_msg) {
     TEN_ASSERT(0, "Should not happen.");
-    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Cmd is invalidated.");
+    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Msg is invalidated.");
   }
 
-  const char *key = NULL;
+  const char *path = NULL;
   const char *value = NULL;
 
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "ss", &key, &value)) {
+  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "ss", &path, &value)) {
     return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Failed to parse arguments.");
   }
 
   ten_error_t err;
   ten_error_init(&err);
 
-  if (!key || !value) {
+  if (!path || !value) {
     ten_error_set(&err, TEN_ERRNO_INVALID_ARGUMENT, "Invalid argument.");
     ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception(ten_error_errmsg(&err));
     ten_error_deinit(&err);
@@ -248,7 +173,7 @@ PyObject *ten_py_msg_set_property_string(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
 
   ten_value_t *c_value = ten_value_create_string(value);
 
-  bool rc = ten_msg_set_property(c_msg, key, c_value, &err);
+  bool rc = ten_msg_set_property(c_msg, path, c_value, &err);
   if (!rc) {
     ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception(ten_error_errmsg(&err));
   }
@@ -270,26 +195,26 @@ PyObject *ten_py_msg_get_property_string(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
   ten_shared_ptr_t *c_msg = py_msg->c_msg;
   if (!c_msg) {
     TEN_ASSERT(0, "Should not happen.");
-    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Cmd is invalidated.");
+    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Msg is invalidated.");
   }
 
-  const char *key = NULL;
+  const char *path = NULL;
 
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &key)) {
+  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &path)) {
     return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Failed to parse arguments.");
   }
 
   ten_error_t err;
   ten_error_init(&err);
 
-  if (!key) {
+  if (!path) {
     ten_error_set(&err, TEN_ERRNO_INVALID_ARGUMENT, "Invalid argument.");
     ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception(ten_error_errmsg(&err));
     ten_error_deinit(&err);
     return NULL;
   }
 
-  ten_value_t *c_value = ten_msg_peek_property(c_msg, key, &err);
+  ten_value_t *c_value = ten_msg_peek_property(c_msg, path, &err);
   if (!c_value) {
     ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception(ten_error_errmsg(&err));
     ten_error_deinit(&err);
@@ -318,26 +243,19 @@ PyObject *ten_py_msg_set_property_from_json(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
   ten_shared_ptr_t *c_msg = py_msg->c_msg;
   if (!c_msg) {
     TEN_ASSERT(0, "Should not happen.");
-    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Cmd is invalidated.");
+    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Msg is invalidated.");
   }
 
-  const char *key = NULL;
+  const char *path = NULL;
   const char *json_str = NULL;
 
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "ss", &key, &json_str)) {
+  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "zs", &path, &json_str)) {
     return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Failed to parse arguments.");
   }
 
   ten_error_t err;
   ten_error_init(&err);
 
-  if (!key || !json_str) {
-    ten_error_set(&err, TEN_ERRNO_INVALID_ARGUMENT, "Invalid argument.");
-    ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception(ten_error_errmsg(&err));
-    ten_error_deinit(&err);
-    return NULL;
-  }
-
   ten_json_t *c_json = ten_json_from_string(json_str, &err);
   if (!c_json) {
     ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception(ten_error_errmsg(&err));
@@ -347,7 +265,7 @@ PyObject *ten_py_msg_set_property_from_json(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
 
   ten_value_t *value = ten_value_from_json(c_json);
 
-  bool rc = ten_msg_set_property(c_msg, key, value, &err);
+  bool rc = ten_msg_set_property(c_msg, path, value, &err);
   if (!rc) {
     ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception(ten_error_errmsg(&err));
     ten_value_destroy(value);
@@ -372,26 +290,24 @@ PyObject *ten_py_msg_get_property_to_json(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
   ten_shared_ptr_t *c_msg = py_msg->c_msg;
   if (!c_msg) {
     TEN_ASSERT(0, "Should not happen.");
-    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Cmd is invalidated.");
+    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Msg is invalidated.");
   }
 
-  const char *key = NULL;
-
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &key)) {
-    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Failed to parse arguments.");
+  const char *path = NULL;
+  if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args) == 1) {
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "z", &path)) {
+      return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception(
+          "Failed to parse arguments.");
+    }
+  } else if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args) != 0) {
+    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception(
+        "Invalid argument count when msg.get_property_to_json.");
   }
 
   ten_error_t err;
   ten_error_init(&err);
 
-  if (!key) {
-    ten_error_set(&err, TEN_ERRNO_INVALID_ARGUMENT, "Invalid argument.");
-    ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception(ten_error_errmsg(&err));
-    ten_error_deinit(&err);
-    return NULL;
-  }
-
-  ten_value_t *c_value = ten_msg_peek_property(c_msg, key, &err);
+  ten_value_t *c_value = ten_msg_peek_property(c_msg, path, &err);
   if (!c_value) {
     ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception(ten_error_errmsg(&err));
     ten_error_deinit(&err);
@@ -420,26 +336,26 @@ PyObject *ten_py_msg_get_property_int(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
   ten_shared_ptr_t *c_msg = py_msg->c_msg;
   if (!c_msg) {
     TEN_ASSERT(0, "Should not happen.");
-    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Cmd is invalidated.");
+    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Msg is invalidated.");
   }
 
-  const char *key = NULL;
+  const char *path = NULL;
 
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &key)) {
+  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &path)) {
     return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Failed to parse arguments.");
   }
 
   ten_error_t err;
   ten_error_init(&err);
 
-  if (!key) {
+  if (!path) {
     ten_error_set(&err, TEN_ERRNO_INVALID_ARGUMENT, "Invalid argument.");
     ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception(ten_error_errmsg(&err));
     ten_error_deinit(&err);
     return NULL;
   }
 
-  ten_value_t *c_value = ten_msg_peek_property(c_msg, key, &err);
+  ten_value_t *c_value = ten_msg_peek_property(c_msg, path, &err);
   if (!c_value) {
     ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception(ten_error_errmsg(&err));
     ten_error_deinit(&err);
@@ -466,20 +382,20 @@ PyObject *ten_py_msg_set_property_int(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
   ten_shared_ptr_t *c_msg = py_msg->c_msg;
   if (!c_msg) {
     TEN_ASSERT(0, "Should not happen.");
-    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Cmd is invalidated.");
+    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Msg is invalidated.");
   }
 
-  const char *key = NULL;
+  const char *path = NULL;
   int64_t value = 0;
 
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "sl", &key, &value)) {
+  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "sl", &path, &value)) {
     return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Failed to parse arguments.");
   }
 
   ten_error_t err;
   ten_error_init(&err);
 
-  if (!key) {
+  if (!path) {
     ten_error_set(&err, TEN_ERRNO_INVALID_ARGUMENT, "Invalid argument.");
     ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception(ten_error_errmsg(&err));
     ten_error_deinit(&err);
@@ -488,7 +404,7 @@ PyObject *ten_py_msg_set_property_int(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
 
   ten_value_t *c_value = ten_value_create_int64(value);
 
-  bool rc = ten_msg_set_property(c_msg, key, c_value, &err);
+  bool rc = ten_msg_set_property(c_msg, path, c_value, &err);
   if (!rc) {
     ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception(ten_error_errmsg(&err));
   }
@@ -510,26 +426,26 @@ PyObject *ten_py_msg_get_property_bool(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
   ten_shared_ptr_t *c_msg = py_msg->c_msg;
   if (!c_msg) {
     TEN_ASSERT(0, "Should not happen.");
-    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Cmd is invalidated.");
+    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Msg is invalidated.");
   }
 
-  const char *key = NULL;
+  const char *path = NULL;
 
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &key)) {
+  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &path)) {
     return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Failed to parse arguments.");
   }
 
   ten_error_t err;
   ten_error_init(&err);
 
-  if (!key) {
+  if (!path) {
     ten_error_set(&err, TEN_ERRNO_INVALID_ARGUMENT, "Invalid argument.");
     ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception(ten_error_errmsg(&err));
     ten_error_deinit(&err);
     return NULL;
   }
 
-  ten_value_t *c_value = ten_msg_peek_property(c_msg, key, &err);
+  ten_value_t *c_value = ten_msg_peek_property(c_msg, path, &err);
   if (!c_value) {
     ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception(ten_error_errmsg(&err));
     ten_error_deinit(&err);
@@ -554,20 +470,20 @@ PyObject *ten_py_msg_set_property_bool(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
   ten_shared_ptr_t *c_msg = py_msg->c_msg;
   if (!c_msg) {
     TEN_ASSERT(0, "Should not happen.");
-    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Cmd is invalidated.");
+    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Msg is invalidated.");
   }
 
-  const char *key = NULL;
+  const char *path = NULL;
   int value = 0;
 
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "si", &key, &value)) {
+  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "si", &path, &value)) {
     return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Failed to parse arguments.");
   }
 
   ten_error_t err;
   ten_error_init(&err);
 
-  if (!key) {
+  if (!path) {
     ten_error_set(&err, TEN_ERRNO_INVALID_ARGUMENT, "Invalid argument.");
     ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception(ten_error_errmsg(&err));
     ten_error_deinit(&err);
@@ -576,7 +492,7 @@ PyObject *ten_py_msg_set_property_bool(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
 
   ten_value_t *c_value = ten_value_create_bool(value > 0);
 
-  bool rc = ten_msg_set_property(c_msg, key, c_value, &err);
+  bool rc = ten_msg_set_property(c_msg, path, c_value, &err);
   if (!rc) {
     ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception(ten_error_errmsg(&err));
   }
@@ -598,26 +514,26 @@ PyObject *ten_py_msg_get_property_float(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
   ten_shared_ptr_t *c_msg = py_msg->c_msg;
   if (!c_msg) {
     TEN_ASSERT(0, "Should not happen.");
-    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Cmd is invalidated.");
+    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Msg is invalidated.");
   }
 
-  const char *key = NULL;
+  const char *path = NULL;
 
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &key)) {
+  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &path)) {
     return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Failed to parse arguments.");
   }
 
   ten_error_t err;
   ten_error_init(&err);
 
-  if (!key) {
+  if (!path) {
     ten_error_set(&err, TEN_ERRNO_INVALID_ARGUMENT, "Invalid argument.");
     ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception(ten_error_errmsg(&err));
     ten_error_deinit(&err);
     return NULL;
   }
 
-  ten_value_t *c_value = ten_msg_peek_property(c_msg, key, &err);
+  ten_value_t *c_value = ten_msg_peek_property(c_msg, path, &err);
   if (!c_value) {
     ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception(ten_error_errmsg(&err));
     ten_error_deinit(&err);
@@ -644,20 +560,20 @@ PyObject *ten_py_msg_set_property_float(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
   ten_shared_ptr_t *c_msg = py_msg->c_msg;
   if (!c_msg) {
     TEN_ASSERT(0, "Should not happen.");
-    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Cmd is invalidated.");
+    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Msg is invalidated.");
   }
 
-  const char *key = NULL;
+  const char *path = NULL;
   double value = 0.0;
 
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "sd", &key, &value)) {
+  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "sd", &path, &value)) {
     return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Failed to parse arguments.");
   }
 
   ten_error_t err;
   ten_error_init(&err);
 
-  if (!key) {
+  if (!path) {
     ten_error_set(&err, TEN_ERRNO_INVALID_ARGUMENT, "Invalid argument.");
     ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception(ten_error_errmsg(&err));
     ten_error_deinit(&err);
@@ -666,7 +582,7 @@ PyObject *ten_py_msg_set_property_float(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
 
   ten_value_t *c_value = ten_value_create_float64(value);
 
-  bool rc = ten_msg_set_property(c_msg, key, c_value, &err);
+  bool rc = ten_msg_set_property(c_msg, path, c_value, &err);
   if (!rc) {
     ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception(ten_error_errmsg(&err));
   }
@@ -687,26 +603,26 @@ PyObject *ten_py_msg_get_property_buf(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
   ten_shared_ptr_t *c_msg = py_msg->c_msg;
   if (!c_msg) {
     TEN_ASSERT(0, "Should not happen.");
-    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Cmd is invalidated.");
+    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Msg is invalidated.");
   }
 
-  const char *key = NULL;
+  const char *path = NULL;
 
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &key)) {
+  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &path)) {
     return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Failed to parse arguments.");
   }
 
   ten_error_t err;
   ten_error_init(&err);
 
-  if (!key) {
+  if (!path) {
     ten_error_set(&err, TEN_ERRNO_INVALID_ARGUMENT, "Invalid argument.");
     ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception(ten_error_errmsg(&err));
     ten_error_deinit(&err);
     return NULL;
   }
 
-  ten_value_t *c_value = ten_msg_peek_property(c_msg, key, &err);
+  ten_value_t *c_value = ten_msg_peek_property(c_msg, path, &err);
   if (!c_value) {
     ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception(ten_error_errmsg(&err));
     ten_error_deinit(&err);
@@ -735,13 +651,13 @@ PyObject *ten_py_msg_set_property_buf(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
   ten_shared_ptr_t *c_msg = py_msg->c_msg;
   if (!c_msg) {
     TEN_ASSERT(0, "Should not happen.");
-    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Cmd is invalidated.");
+    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Msg is invalidated.");
   }
 
-  const char *key = NULL;
+  const char *path = NULL;
   Py_buffer py_buf;
 
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "sy*", &key, &py_buf)) {
+  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "sy*", &path, &py_buf)) {
     return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Failed to parse arguments.");
   }
 
@@ -768,7 +684,7 @@ PyObject *ten_py_msg_set_property_buf(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
   TEN_ASSERT(c_value && ten_value_check_integrity(c_value),
              "Failed to create value.");
 
-  bool rc = ten_msg_set_property(c_msg, key, c_value, &err);
+  bool rc = ten_msg_set_property(c_msg, path, c_value, &err);
   if (!rc) {
     ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception(ten_error_errmsg(&err));
     ten_value_destroy(c_value);
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/msg/type.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/msg/type.c
index 17310b8803..04ab6fabca 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/msg/type.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/msg/type.c
@@ -14,17 +14,15 @@
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/python/msg/video_frame.h"
 
 static PyMethodDef ten_py_msg_type_methods[] = {
-    {"to_json", ten_py_msg_to_json, METH_VARARGS, NULL},
-    {"from_json", ten_py_msg_from_json, METH_VARARGS, NULL},
     {"get_name", ten_py_msg_get_name, METH_VARARGS, NULL},
     {"set_name", ten_py_msg_set_name, METH_VARARGS, NULL},
     {"set_dest", ten_py_msg_set_dest, METH_VARARGS, NULL},
-    {"get_property_string", ten_py_msg_get_property_string, METH_VARARGS, NULL},
-    {"set_property_string", ten_py_msg_set_property_string, METH_VARARGS, NULL},
     {"get_property_to_json", ten_py_msg_get_property_to_json, METH_VARARGS,
      NULL},
     {"set_property_from_json", ten_py_msg_set_property_from_json, METH_VARARGS,
      NULL},
+    {"get_property_string", ten_py_msg_get_property_string, METH_VARARGS, NULL},
+    {"set_property_string", ten_py_msg_set_property_string, METH_VARARGS, NULL},
     {"get_property_int", ten_py_msg_get_property_int, METH_VARARGS, NULL},
     {"set_property_int", ten_py_msg_set_property_int, METH_VARARGS, NULL},
     {"get_property_float", ten_py_msg_get_property_float, METH_VARARGS, NULL},
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/msg/video_frame.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/msg/video_frame.c
index 4d220d9db8..54de47b35a 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/msg/video_frame.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/msg/video_frame.c
@@ -30,24 +30,26 @@ static ten_py_video_frame_t *ten_py_video_frame_create_internal(
 }
 
 static ten_py_video_frame_t *ten_py_video_frame_init(
-    ten_py_video_frame_t *py_video_frame, TEN_UNUSED PyObject *args,
-    TEN_UNUSED PyObject *kw) {
+    ten_py_video_frame_t *py_video_frame, const char *name) {
   TEN_ASSERT(py_video_frame &&
                  ten_py_msg_check_integrity((ten_py_msg_t *)py_video_frame),
              "Invalid argument.");
 
-  py_video_frame->msg.c_msg =
-      ten_msg_create_from_msg_type(TEN_MSG_TYPE_VIDEO_FRAME);
+  py_video_frame->msg.c_msg = ten_video_frame_create(name, NULL);
 
   return py_video_frame;
 }
 
-PyObject *ten_py_video_frame_create(PyTypeObject *type,
-                                    TEN_UNUSED PyObject *args,
+PyObject *ten_py_video_frame_create(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args,
                                     TEN_UNUSED PyObject *kwds) {
+  const char *name = NULL;
+  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &name)) {
+    return ten_py_raise_py_value_error_exception("Failed to parse arguments.");
+  }
+
   ten_py_video_frame_t *py_video_frame =
       ten_py_video_frame_create_internal(type);
-  return (PyObject *)ten_py_video_frame_init(py_video_frame, args, kwds);
+  return (PyObject *)ten_py_video_frame_init(py_video_frame, name);
 }
 
 void ten_py_video_frame_destroy(PyObject *self) {
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_video_frame.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_video_frame.c
index 1268e7f3b8..97eb8d61c0 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_video_frame.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_video_frame.c
@@ -112,8 +112,7 @@ static void ten_env_proxy_notify_send_video_frame(ten_env_t *ten_env,
     if (!res) {
       TEN_LOGE(
           "Failed to send video_frame, but no callback function is provided. "
-          "errno: "
-          "%s, err_msg: %s",
+          "errno: %d, err_msg: %s",
           ten_error_errno(&err), ten_error_errmsg(&err));
     }
   } else {
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/msg/audio_frame/pcm_frame.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/msg/audio_frame/pcm_frame.c
index f59a8ab7af..f324e57567 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/msg/audio_frame/pcm_frame.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/msg/audio_frame/pcm_frame.c
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ static void ten_raw_audio_frame_init(ten_audio_frame_t *self) {
   ten_value_init_bool(&self->is_eof, false);
 }
 
-static ten_audio_frame_t *ten_raw_audio_frame_create(void) {
+static ten_audio_frame_t *ten_raw_audio_frame_create_empty(void) {
   ten_audio_frame_t *self = TEN_MALLOC(sizeof(ten_audio_frame_t));
   TEN_ASSERT(self, "Failed to allocate memory.");
 
@@ -178,10 +178,38 @@ static ten_audio_frame_t *ten_raw_audio_frame_create(void) {
   return self;
 }
 
-ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_audio_frame_create(void) {
-  ten_audio_frame_t *self = ten_raw_audio_frame_create();
+static ten_audio_frame_t *ten_raw_audio_frame_create(const char *name,
+                                                     ten_error_t *err) {
+  ten_audio_frame_t *self = ten_raw_audio_frame_create_empty();
+  ten_raw_msg_set_name((ten_msg_t *)self, name, err);
 
-  return ten_shared_ptr_create(self, ten_raw_audio_frame_destroy);
+  return self;
+}
+
+static ten_audio_frame_t *ten_raw_audio_frame_create_with_len(
+    const char *name, size_t name_len, ten_error_t *err) {
+  ten_audio_frame_t *self = ten_raw_audio_frame_create_empty();
+  ten_raw_msg_set_name_with_len((ten_msg_t *)self, name, name_len, err);
+
+  return self;
+}
+
+ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_audio_frame_create_empty(void) {
+  return ten_shared_ptr_create(ten_raw_audio_frame_create_empty(),
+                               ten_raw_audio_frame_destroy);
+}
+
+ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_audio_frame_create(const char *name, ten_error_t *err) {
+  return ten_shared_ptr_create(ten_raw_audio_frame_create(name, err),
+                               ten_raw_audio_frame_destroy);
+}
+
+ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_audio_frame_create_with_name_len(const char *name,
+                                                       size_t name_len,
+                                                       ten_error_t *err) {
+  return ten_shared_ptr_create(
+      ten_raw_audio_frame_create_with_len(name, name_len, err),
+      ten_raw_audio_frame_destroy);
 }
 
 void ten_raw_audio_frame_destroy(ten_audio_frame_t *self) {
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/msg/cmd_base/cmd/cmd.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/msg/cmd_base/cmd/cmd.c
index 652732b394..32ae3bdb24 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/msg/cmd_base/cmd/cmd.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/msg/cmd_base/cmd/cmd.c
@@ -166,8 +166,8 @@ static TEN_MSG_TYPE ten_cmd_type_from_name_string(const char *name_str) {
   }
 }
 
-static ten_cmd_t *ten_raw_cmd_create(const char *cmd_name, ten_error_t *err) {
-  if (!cmd_name) {
+static ten_cmd_t *ten_raw_cmd_create(const char *name, ten_error_t *err) {
+  if (!name) {
     if (err) {
       ten_error_set(err, TEN_ERRNO_GENERIC,
                     "Failed to create cmd without a name.");
@@ -175,11 +175,11 @@ static ten_cmd_t *ten_raw_cmd_create(const char *cmd_name, ten_error_t *err) {
     return NULL;
   }
 
-  TEN_MSG_TYPE cmd_type = ten_cmd_type_from_name_string(cmd_name);
+  TEN_MSG_TYPE cmd_type = ten_cmd_type_from_name_string(name);
 
   switch (cmd_type) {
     case TEN_MSG_TYPE_CMD:
-      return ten_raw_cmd_custom_create(cmd_name);
+      return ten_raw_cmd_custom_create(name, err);
     case TEN_MSG_TYPE_CMD_STOP_GRAPH:
       return (ten_cmd_t *)ten_raw_cmd_stop_graph_create();
     case TEN_MSG_TYPE_CMD_CLOSE_APP:
@@ -195,8 +195,8 @@ static ten_cmd_t *ten_raw_cmd_create(const char *cmd_name, ten_error_t *err) {
   }
 }
 
-ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_cmd_create(const char *cmd_name, ten_error_t *err) {
-  ten_cmd_t *cmd = ten_raw_cmd_create(cmd_name, err);
+ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_cmd_create(const char *name, ten_error_t *err) {
+  ten_cmd_t *cmd = ten_raw_cmd_create(name, err);
   if (!cmd) {
     return NULL;
   }
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/msg/cmd_base/cmd/custom/cmd.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/msg/cmd_base/cmd/custom/cmd.c
index 92061f4c23..5c1ba7010a 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/msg/cmd_base/cmd/custom/cmd.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/msg/cmd_base/cmd/custom/cmd.c
@@ -51,22 +51,50 @@ static ten_cmd_t *ten_raw_cmd_custom_create_empty(void) {
   return raw_cmd;
 }
 
-ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_cmd_custom_create(void) {
+ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_cmd_custom_create_empty(void) {
   return ten_shared_ptr_create(ten_raw_cmd_custom_create_empty(),
                                ten_raw_cmd_custom_destroy);
 }
 
-ten_cmd_t *ten_raw_cmd_custom_create(const char *cmd_name) {
-  TEN_ASSERT(cmd_name, "Should not happen.");
+ten_cmd_t *ten_raw_cmd_custom_create(const char *name, ten_error_t *err) {
+  TEN_ASSERT(name, "Should not happen.");
 
   ten_cmd_t *cmd = ten_raw_cmd_custom_create_empty();
   TEN_ASSERT(cmd && ten_raw_cmd_check_integrity(cmd), "Should not happen.");
 
-  ten_raw_msg_set_name((ten_msg_t *)cmd, cmd_name, NULL);
+  ten_raw_msg_set_name((ten_msg_t *)cmd, name, err);
 
   return cmd;
 }
 
+static ten_cmd_t *ten_raw_cmd_custom_create_with_name_len(const char *name,
+                                                          size_t name_len,
+                                                          ten_error_t *err) {
+  TEN_ASSERT(name, "Should not happen.");
+
+  ten_cmd_t *cmd = ten_raw_cmd_custom_create_empty();
+  TEN_ASSERT(cmd && ten_raw_cmd_check_integrity(cmd), "Should not happen.");
+
+  ten_raw_msg_set_name_with_len((ten_msg_t *)cmd, name, name_len, err);
+
+  return cmd;
+}
+
+ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_cmd_custom_create(const char *name, ten_error_t *err) {
+  TEN_ASSERT(name, "Should not happen.");
+  return ten_shared_ptr_create(ten_raw_cmd_custom_create(name, err),
+                               ten_raw_cmd_custom_destroy);
+}
+
+ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_cmd_custom_create_with_name_len(const char *name,
+                                                      size_t name_len,
+                                                      ten_error_t *err) {
+  TEN_ASSERT(name, "Should not happen.");
+  return ten_shared_ptr_create(
+      ten_raw_cmd_custom_create_with_name_len(name, name_len, err),
+      ten_raw_cmd_custom_destroy);
+}
+
 ten_json_t *ten_raw_cmd_custom_to_json(ten_msg_t *self, ten_error_t *err) {
   TEN_ASSERT(self && ten_raw_cmd_check_integrity((ten_cmd_t *)self) &&
                  ten_raw_msg_get_type(self) == TEN_MSG_TYPE_CMD,
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/msg/data/data.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/msg/data/data.c
index 3694876145..3bed39f990 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/msg/data/data.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/msg/data/data.c
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ bool ten_raw_data_check_integrity(ten_data_t *self) {
   return true;
 }
 
-static ten_data_t *ten_raw_data_create(void) {
+static ten_data_t *ten_raw_data_create_empty(void) {
   ten_data_t *self = (ten_data_t *)TEN_MALLOC(sizeof(ten_data_t));
   TEN_ASSERT(self, "Failed to allocate memory.");
 
@@ -46,6 +46,25 @@ static ten_data_t *ten_raw_data_create(void) {
   return self;
 }
 
+ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_data_create_empty(void) {
+  ten_data_t *self = ten_raw_data_create_empty();
+  return ten_shared_ptr_create(self, ten_raw_data_destroy);
+}
+
+static ten_data_t *ten_raw_data_create(const char *name, ten_error_t *err) {
+  ten_data_t *self = ten_raw_data_create_empty();
+  ten_raw_msg_set_name((ten_msg_t *)self, name, err);
+  return self;
+}
+
+static ten_data_t *ten_raw_data_create_with_name_len(const char *name,
+                                                     size_t name_len,
+                                                     ten_error_t *err) {
+  ten_data_t *self = ten_raw_data_create_empty();
+  ten_raw_msg_set_name_with_len((ten_msg_t *)self, name, name_len, err);
+  return self;
+}
+
 void ten_raw_data_destroy(ten_data_t *self) {
   TEN_ASSERT(self && ten_raw_data_check_integrity(self), "Should not happen.");
 
@@ -55,8 +74,17 @@ void ten_raw_data_destroy(ten_data_t *self) {
   TEN_FREE(self);
 }
 
-ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_data_create(void) {
-  ten_data_t *self = ten_raw_data_create();
+ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_data_create(const char *name, ten_error_t *err) {
+  TEN_ASSERT(name, "Invalid argument.");
+  ten_data_t *self = ten_raw_data_create(name, err);
+  return ten_shared_ptr_create(self, ten_raw_data_destroy);
+}
+
+ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_data_create_with_name_len(const char *name,
+                                                size_t name_len,
+                                                ten_error_t *err) {
+  TEN_ASSERT(name, "Invalid argument.");
+  ten_data_t *self = ten_raw_data_create_with_name_len(name, name_len, err);
   return ten_shared_ptr_create(self, ten_raw_data_destroy);
 }
 
@@ -104,7 +132,7 @@ ten_msg_t *ten_raw_data_as_msg_clone(ten_msg_t *self,
                  ten_raw_msg_get_type(self) == TEN_MSG_TYPE_DATA,
              "Should not happen.");
 
-  ten_data_t *new_data = ten_raw_data_create();
+  ten_data_t *new_data = ten_raw_data_create_empty();
   TEN_ASSERT(new_data, "Failed to allocate memory.");
 
   for (size_t i = 0; i < ten_data_fields_info_size; ++i) {
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/msg/msg.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/msg/msg.c
index 7a3116b03a..f91142e3f0 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/msg/msg.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/msg/msg.c
@@ -27,13 +27,10 @@
 #include "include_internal/ten_utils/value/value_path.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/app/app.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/common/errno.h"
-#include "ten_runtime/msg/audio_frame/audio_frame.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/msg/cmd/close_app/cmd.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/msg/cmd/stop_graph/cmd.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/msg/cmd_result/cmd_result.h"
-#include "ten_runtime/msg/data/data.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/msg/msg.h"
-#include "ten_runtime/msg/video_frame/video_frame.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/ten_env/ten_env.h"
 #include "ten_utils/container/list.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/error.h"
@@ -846,7 +843,7 @@ ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_msg_create_from_msg_type(TEN_MSG_TYPE msg_type) {
     case TEN_MSG_TYPE_CMD_CLOSE_APP:
       return ten_cmd_close_app_create();
     case TEN_MSG_TYPE_CMD:
-      return ten_cmd_custom_create();
+      return ten_cmd_custom_create_empty();
     case TEN_MSG_TYPE_CMD_START_GRAPH:
       return ten_cmd_start_graph_create();
     case TEN_MSG_TYPE_CMD_STOP_GRAPH:
@@ -856,11 +853,11 @@ ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_msg_create_from_msg_type(TEN_MSG_TYPE msg_type) {
     case TEN_MSG_TYPE_CMD_RESULT:
       return ten_cmd_result_create_from_cmd(TEN_STATUS_CODE_OK, NULL);
     case TEN_MSG_TYPE_DATA:
-      return ten_data_create();
+      return ten_data_create_empty();
     case TEN_MSG_TYPE_AUDIO_FRAME:
-      return ten_audio_frame_create();
+      return ten_audio_frame_create_empty();
     case TEN_MSG_TYPE_VIDEO_FRAME:
-      return ten_video_frame_create();
+      return ten_video_frame_create_empty();
     default:
       return NULL;
   }
@@ -1056,11 +1053,16 @@ static bool ten_raw_msg_set_property(ten_msg_t *self, const char *path,
   TEN_ASSERT(value && ten_value_check_integrity(value), "Should not happen.");
 
   if (!path || !strlen(path)) {
-    if (err) {
-      ten_error_set(err, TEN_ERRNO_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
-                    "path should not be empty.");
+    // If the path is empty, clear and set all properties.
+    ten_value_deinit(&self->properties);
+    bool result = ten_value_init_object_with_move(&self->properties,
+                                                  ten_value_peek_object(value));
+    if (result) {
+      // The contents of `value` have been completely moved into `properties`,
+      // so the outer `value` wrapper is removed to avoid memory leaks.
+      ten_value_destroy(value);
     }
-    return NULL;
+    return result;
   }
 
   bool success = true;
@@ -1119,14 +1121,6 @@ bool ten_msg_set_property(ten_shared_ptr_t *self, const char *path,
   TEN_ASSERT(self && ten_msg_check_integrity(self), "Should not happen.");
   TEN_ASSERT(value && ten_value_check_integrity(value), "Should not happen.");
 
-  if (!path || !strlen(path)) {
-    if (err) {
-      ten_error_set(err, TEN_ERRNO_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
-                    "path should not be empty.");
-    }
-    return NULL;
-  }
-
   return ten_raw_msg_set_property(ten_shared_ptr_get_data(self), path, value,
                                   err);
 }
@@ -1136,11 +1130,8 @@ ten_value_t *ten_raw_msg_peek_property(ten_msg_t *self, const char *path,
   TEN_ASSERT(self && ten_raw_msg_check_integrity(self), "Should not happen.");
 
   if (!path || !strlen(path)) {
-    if (err) {
-      ten_error_set(err, TEN_ERRNO_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
-                    "path should not be empty.");
-    }
-    return NULL;
+    // If the path is empty, return all properties.
+    return &self->properties;
   }
 
   ten_value_t *result = NULL;
@@ -1194,7 +1185,6 @@ ten_value_t *ten_raw_msg_peek_property(ten_msg_t *self, const char *path,
 ten_value_t *ten_msg_peek_property(ten_shared_ptr_t *self, const char *path,
                                    ten_error_t *err) {
   TEN_ASSERT(self && ten_msg_check_integrity(self), "Should not happen.");
-  TEN_ASSERT(path && strlen(path), "path should not be empty.");
 
   return ten_raw_msg_peek_property(ten_msg_get_raw_msg(self), path, err);
 }
@@ -1223,10 +1213,8 @@ const char *ten_msg_get_name(ten_shared_ptr_t *self) {
   return ten_raw_msg_get_name(raw_msg);
 }
 
-static bool ten_raw_msg_set_name_with_size(ten_msg_t *self,
-                                           const char *msg_name,
-                                           size_t msg_name_len,
-                                           ten_error_t *err) {
+bool ten_raw_msg_set_name_with_len(ten_msg_t *self, const char *msg_name,
+                                   size_t msg_name_len, ten_error_t *err) {
   TEN_ASSERT(self && ten_raw_msg_check_integrity(self), "Should not happen.");
 
   if (msg_name == NULL) {
@@ -1245,14 +1233,14 @@ static bool ten_raw_msg_set_name_with_size(ten_msg_t *self,
 bool ten_raw_msg_set_name(ten_msg_t *self, const char *msg_name,
                           ten_error_t *err) {
   TEN_ASSERT(self && ten_raw_msg_check_integrity(self), "Should not happen.");
-  return ten_raw_msg_set_name_with_size(self, msg_name, strlen(msg_name), err);
+  return ten_raw_msg_set_name_with_len(self, msg_name, strlen(msg_name), err);
 }
 
-bool ten_msg_set_name_with_size(ten_shared_ptr_t *self, const char *msg_name,
-                                size_t msg_name_len, ten_error_t *err) {
+bool ten_msg_set_name_with_len(ten_shared_ptr_t *self, const char *msg_name,
+                               size_t msg_name_len, ten_error_t *err) {
   TEN_ASSERT(self && ten_msg_check_integrity(self), "Should not happen.");
-  return ten_raw_msg_set_name_with_size(ten_shared_ptr_get_data(self), msg_name,
-                                        msg_name_len, err);
+  return ten_raw_msg_set_name_with_len(ten_shared_ptr_get_data(self), msg_name,
+                                       msg_name_len, err);
 }
 
 bool ten_msg_set_name(ten_shared_ptr_t *self, const char *msg_name,
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/msg/video_frame/video_frame.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/msg/video_frame/video_frame.c
index 1bc63dd99d..ae83070a33 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/msg/video_frame/video_frame.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/msg/video_frame/video_frame.c
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ void ten_raw_video_frame_init(ten_video_frame_t *self) {
   ten_value_init_buf(&self->data, 0);
 }
 
-static ten_video_frame_t *ten_raw_video_frame_create(void) {
+static ten_video_frame_t *ten_raw_video_frame_create_empty(void) {
   ten_video_frame_t *self = TEN_MALLOC(sizeof(ten_video_frame_t));
   TEN_ASSERT(self, "Failed to allocate memory.");
 
@@ -124,6 +124,26 @@ static ten_video_frame_t *ten_raw_video_frame_create(void) {
   return self;
 }
 
+static ten_video_frame_t *ten_raw_video_frame_create(const char *name,
+                                                     ten_error_t *err) {
+  TEN_ASSERT(name, "Invalid argument.");
+
+  ten_video_frame_t *self = ten_raw_video_frame_create_empty();
+  ten_raw_msg_set_name((ten_msg_t *)self, name, err);
+
+  return self;
+}
+
+static ten_video_frame_t *ten_raw_video_frame_create_with_name_len(
+    const char *name, size_t name_len, ten_error_t *err) {
+  TEN_ASSERT(name, "Invalid argument.");
+
+  ten_video_frame_t *self = ten_raw_video_frame_create_empty();
+  ten_raw_msg_set_name_with_len((ten_msg_t *)self, name, name_len, err);
+
+  return self;
+}
+
 void ten_raw_video_frame_destroy(ten_video_frame_t *self) {
   TEN_ASSERT(self, "Should not happen.");
 
@@ -134,11 +154,24 @@ void ten_raw_video_frame_destroy(ten_video_frame_t *self) {
   TEN_FREE(self);
 }
 
-ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_video_frame_create(void) {
-  return ten_shared_ptr_create(ten_raw_video_frame_create(),
+ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_video_frame_create_empty(void) {
+  return ten_shared_ptr_create(ten_raw_video_frame_create_empty(),
                                ten_raw_video_frame_destroy);
 }
 
+ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_video_frame_create(const char *name, ten_error_t *err) {
+  return ten_shared_ptr_create(ten_raw_video_frame_create(name, err),
+                               ten_raw_video_frame_destroy);
+}
+
+ten_shared_ptr_t *ten_video_frame_create_with_name_len(const char *name,
+                                                       size_t name_len,
+                                                       ten_error_t *err) {
+  return ten_shared_ptr_create(
+      ten_raw_video_frame_create_with_name_len(name, name_len, err),
+      ten_raw_video_frame_destroy);
+}
+
 int32_t ten_video_frame_get_width(ten_shared_ptr_t *self) {
   TEN_ASSERT(self, "Should not happen.");
   return ten_raw_video_frame_get_width(ten_shared_ptr_get_data(self));
diff --git a/core/src/ten_utils/value/value_get.c b/core/src/ten_utils/value/value_get.c
index 272dcdb0ac..40e4d5c77a 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_utils/value/value_get.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_utils/value/value_get.c
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include "ten_utils/value/type.h"
 #include "ten_utils/value/type_operation.h"
 #include "ten_utils/value/value.h"
+#include "ten_utils/value/value_is.h"
 #include "ten_utils/value/value_kv.h"
 
 int8_t ten_value_get_int8(ten_value_t *self, ten_error_t *err) {
@@ -573,6 +574,19 @@ ten_list_t *ten_value_peek_array(ten_value_t *self) {
   return NULL;
 }
 
+ten_list_t *ten_value_peek_object(ten_value_t *self) {
+  if (!self) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  TEN_ASSERT(ten_value_check_integrity(self), "Invalid argument.");
+
+  if (ten_value_is_object(self)) {
+    return &self->content.object;
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
 ten_string_t *ten_value_peek_string(ten_value_t *self) {
   if (!self) {
     return NULL;
diff --git a/packages/example_extensions/ffmpeg_muxer/src/main.cc b/packages/example_extensions/ffmpeg_muxer/src/main.cc
index 41f5227db1..58be760db8 100644
--- a/packages/example_extensions/ffmpeg_muxer/src/main.cc
+++ b/packages/example_extensions/ffmpeg_muxer/src/main.cc
@@ -67,7 +67,8 @@ class muxer_extension_t : public extension_t {
     const auto *cmd_name = cmd->get_name();
 
     if (std::string(cmd_name) == "start_muxer") {
-      TEN_LOGE("muxer_extension_t::on_cmd, %s", cmd->to_json().c_str());
+      TEN_LOGE("muxer_extension_t::on_cmd, %s",
+               cmd->get_property_to_json().c_str());
 
       auto settings = read_settings(*cmd);
       auto output = cmd->get_property_string("output_stream");
diff --git a/packages/example_extensions/pil_demo_python/main.py b/packages/example_extensions/pil_demo_python/main.py
index 6f26c0fa21..d5d6837291 100644
--- a/packages/example_extensions/pil_demo_python/main.py
+++ b/packages/example_extensions/pil_demo_python/main.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ def on_deinit(self, ten_env: TenEnv) -> None:
         ten_env.on_deinit_done()
 
     def on_cmd(self, ten_env: TenEnv, cmd: Cmd) -> None:
-        cmd_json = cmd.to_json()
+        cmd_json = cmd.get_property_to_json()
         ten_env.log_info(f"on_cmd json: {cmd_json}")
 
         cmd_result = CmdResult.create(StatusCode.OK)
diff --git a/packages/example_extensions/simple_http_server_cpp/src/main.cc b/packages/example_extensions/simple_http_server_cpp/src/main.cc
index ef1a23e8c0..9c28d6edda 100644
--- a/packages/example_extensions/simple_http_server_cpp/src/main.cc
+++ b/packages/example_extensions/simple_http_server_cpp/src/main.cc
@@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ void send_ten_msg_with_req_body(
 
         // Parse the full content of the request and set it to the
         // command.
-        cmd->from_json(cmd_json.dump().c_str());
+        cmd->set_property_from_json(nullptr, cmd_json.dump().c_str());
 
         // Send out the command to the TEN runtime.
         ten_env.send_cmd(
diff --git a/tests/BUILD.gn b/tests/BUILD.gn
index 6e7a3f2ea6..1a062c93ca 100644
--- a/tests/BUILD.gn
+++ b/tests/BUILD.gn
@@ -25,10 +25,6 @@ group("tests") {
     "//tests/ten_runtime",
   ]
 
-  if (ten_enable_private_tests) {
-    deps += [ "private" ]
-  }
-
   if (ten_enable_package_manager) {
     deps += [ "local_registry:copy_local_registry" ]
 
diff --git a/tests/common/client/tcp.c b/tests/common/client/tcp.c
index fb11b0541f..f69e739bd4 100644
--- a/tests/common/client/tcp.c
+++ b/tests/common/client/tcp.c
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ bool ten_test_tcp_client_send_data(ten_test_tcp_client_t *self,
   TEN_ASSERT(graph_id && extension_group_name && extension_name && data,
              "Invalid argument.");
 
-  ten_shared_ptr_t *msg = ten_data_create();
+  ten_shared_ptr_t *msg = ten_data_create("test", NULL);
 
   ten_buf_t buf;
   ten_buf_init_with_copying_data(&buf, data, size);
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/cpp/ffmpeg_basic/ffmpeg_basic_app_source/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_cpp/src/main.cc b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/cpp/ffmpeg_basic/ffmpeg_basic_app_source/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_cpp/src/main.cc
index 25b062c57d..36a52e47a6 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/cpp/ffmpeg_basic/ffmpeg_basic_app_source/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_cpp/src/main.cc
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/cpp/ffmpeg_basic/ffmpeg_basic_app_source/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_cpp/src/main.cc
@@ -21,21 +21,21 @@ class ffmpeg_client_extension : public ten::extension_t {
                            std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_result_t> cmd_result,
                            ten::error_t * /*error*/) {
           nlohmann::json cmd_result_json =
-              nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->to_json());
+              nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->get_property_to_json());
           if (cmd_result->get_status_code() != TEN_STATUS_CODE_OK) {
             TEN_ASSERT(0, "should not happen.");
           }
 
           auto start_muxer_cmd = ten::cmd_t::create("start_muxer");
-          start_muxer_cmd->from_json(
-              nlohmann::to_string(cmd_result_json).c_str());
+          start_muxer_cmd->set_property_from_json(
+              nullptr, nlohmann::to_string(cmd_result_json).c_str());
           ten_env.send_cmd(
               std::move(start_muxer_cmd),
               [](ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
                  std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_result_t> cmd_result,
                  ten::error_t * /*error*/) {
                 nlohmann::json json =
-                    nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->to_json());
+                    nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->get_property_to_json());
                 if (cmd_result->get_status_code() != TEN_STATUS_CODE_OK) {
                   TEN_ASSERT(0, "should not happen.");
                 }
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/cpp/ffmpeg_bypass/ffmpeg_bypass_app_source/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_cpp/src/main.cc b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/cpp/ffmpeg_bypass/ffmpeg_bypass_app_source/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_cpp/src/main.cc
index ccafdd2a70..0a8dddd14e 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/cpp/ffmpeg_bypass/ffmpeg_bypass_app_source/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_cpp/src/main.cc
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/cpp/ffmpeg_bypass/ffmpeg_bypass_app_source/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_cpp/src/main.cc
@@ -21,21 +21,21 @@ class ffmpeg_client_extension : public ten::extension_t {
                            std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_result_t> cmd_result,
                            TEN_UNUSED ten::error_t * /*error*/) {
           nlohmann::json cmd_result_json =
-              nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->to_json());
+              nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->get_property_to_json());
           if (cmd_result->get_status_code() != TEN_STATUS_CODE_OK) {
             TEN_ASSERT(0, "should not happen.");
           }
 
           auto start_muxer_cmd = ten::cmd_t::create("start_muxer");
-          start_muxer_cmd->from_json(
-              nlohmann::to_string(cmd_result_json).c_str());
+          start_muxer_cmd->set_property_from_json(
+              nullptr, nlohmann::to_string(cmd_result_json).c_str());
           ten_env.send_cmd(
               std::move(start_muxer_cmd),
               [](ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
                  std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_result_t> cmd_result,
                  TEN_UNUSED ten::error_t * /*error*/) {
                 nlohmann::json json =
-                    nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->to_json());
+                    nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->get_property_to_json());
                 if (cmd_result->get_status_code() != TEN_STATUS_CODE_OK) {
                   TEN_ASSERT(0, "should not happen.");
                 }
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/async_extension_basic_python/async_extension_basic_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_async_extension_python/extension.py b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/async_extension_basic_python/async_extension_basic_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_async_extension_python/extension.py
index 5cf7505459..f6cd9dc938 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/async_extension_basic_python/async_extension_basic_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_async_extension_python/extension.py
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/async_extension_basic_python/async_extension_basic_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_async_extension_python/extension.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ async def on_deinit(self, ten_env: AsyncTenEnv) -> None:
         await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
 
     async def on_cmd(self, ten_env: AsyncTenEnv, cmd: Cmd) -> None:
-        cmd_json = cmd.to_json()
+        cmd_json = cmd.get_property_to_json()
         ten_env.log_debug(f"on_cmd: {cmd_json}")
 
         # Mock async operation, e.g. network, file I/O.
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/async_io_basic_python/async_io_basic_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/async_io_basic_python/async_io_basic_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
index 4a049b15cd..7c2f21244f 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/async_io_basic_python/async_io_basic_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/async_io_basic_python/async_io_basic_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ def on_deinit(self, ten_env: TenEnv) -> None:
     async def on_cmd_async(self, ten_env: TenEnv, cmd: Cmd) -> None:
         ten_env.log_info("on_cmd_async")
 
-        cmd_json = cmd.to_json()
+        cmd_json = cmd.get_property_to_json()
         ten_env.log_info("on_cmd_async json: " + cmd_json)
 
         # Mock async operation, e.g. network, file I/O
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/cpp_app_multi_process_python/cpp_app_multi_process_python_app_source/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/cpp_app_multi_process_python/cpp_app_multi_process_python_app_source/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
index 3361388679..619a92f9fc 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/cpp_app_multi_process_python/cpp_app_multi_process_python_app_source/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/cpp_app_multi_process_python/cpp_app_multi_process_python_app_source/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ def check_hello(
         ten_env.return_result(respCmd, receivedCmd)
 
     def on_cmd(self, ten_env: TenEnv, cmd: Cmd) -> None:
-        cmd_json = cmd.to_json()
+        cmd_json = cmd.get_property_to_json()
         ten_env.log_debug("on_cmd json: " + cmd_json)
 
         new_cmd = Cmd.create("hello")
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/cpp_app_python/cpp_app_python_app_source/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/cpp_app_python/cpp_app_python_app_source/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
index aed39e41d0..844a77aba2 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/cpp_app_python/cpp_app_python_app_source/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/cpp_app_python/cpp_app_python_app_source/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ def check_hello(
     def on_cmd(self, ten_env: TenEnv, cmd: Cmd) -> None:
         ten_env.log_info("on_cmd")
 
-        cmd_json = cmd.to_json()
+        cmd_json = cmd.get_property_to_json()
         ten_env.log_info("on_cmd json: " + cmd_json)
 
         new_cmd = Cmd.create("hello")
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/get_set_prop_python/get_set_prop_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/get_set_prop_python/get_set_prop_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
index 64fc93cfbe..90c45b7c4b 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/get_set_prop_python/get_set_prop_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/get_set_prop_python/get_set_prop_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ def check_hello(
 
     def on_cmd(self, ten_env: TenEnv, cmd: Cmd) -> None:
         ten_env.log_info("on_cmd")
-        cmd_json = cmd.to_json()
+        cmd_json = cmd.get_property_to_json()
         ten_env.log_info("on_cmd json: " + cmd_json)
 
         new_cmd = Cmd.create("hello")
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/go_app_async_extension_python/go_app_async_extension_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/go_app_async_extension_python/go_app_async_extension_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
index 0950d24834..3e6d1e4798 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/go_app_async_extension_python/go_app_async_extension_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/go_app_async_extension_python/go_app_async_extension_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ async def greeting(self, ten_env: AsyncTenEnv) -> CmdResult:
         return await ten_env.send_cmd(new_cmd)
 
     async def on_cmd(self, ten_env: AsyncTenEnv, cmd: Cmd) -> None:
-        cmd_json = cmd.to_json()
+        cmd_json = cmd.get_property_to_json()
         ten_env.log_debug("on_cmd: " + cmd_json)
 
         new_cmd = Cmd.create("hello")
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/go_app_cythonize/go_app_cythonize_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.pyx b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/go_app_cythonize/go_app_cythonize_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.pyx
index 192eda9775..26fa726371 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/go_app_cythonize/go_app_cythonize_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.pyx
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/go_app_cythonize/go_app_cythonize_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.pyx
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class DefaultExtension(Extension):
         )
 
     def on_cmd(self, ten_env: TenEnv, cmd: Cmd) -> None:
-        cmd_json = cmd.to_json()
+        cmd_json = cmd.get_property_to_json()
         ten_env.log_debug("on_cmd: " + cmd_json)
 
         new_cmd = Cmd.create("hello")
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/go_app_partially_cythonize/go_app_partially_cythonize_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.pyx b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/go_app_partially_cythonize/go_app_partially_cythonize_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.pyx
index 192eda9775..26fa726371 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/go_app_partially_cythonize/go_app_partially_cythonize_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.pyx
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/go_app_partially_cythonize/go_app_partially_cythonize_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.pyx
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class DefaultExtension(Extension):
         )
 
     def on_cmd(self, ten_env: TenEnv, cmd: Cmd) -> None:
-        cmd_json = cmd.to_json()
+        cmd_json = cmd.get_property_to_json()
         ten_env.log_debug("on_cmd: " + cmd_json)
 
         new_cmd = Cmd.create("hello")
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/go_app_python/go_app_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/go_app_python/go_app_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
index 192eda9775..26fa726371 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/go_app_python/go_app_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/go_app_python/go_app_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ def check_hello(
         )
 
     def on_cmd(self, ten_env: TenEnv, cmd: Cmd) -> None:
-        cmd_json = cmd.to_json()
+        cmd_json = cmd.get_property_to_json()
         ten_env.log_debug("on_cmd: " + cmd_json)
 
         new_cmd = Cmd.create("hello")
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/large_json_python/large_json_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/large_json_python/large_json_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
index d809a62abf..5bef5dc058 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/large_json_python/large_json_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/large_json_python/large_json_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ def on_deinit(self, ten_env: TenEnv) -> None:
     def on_cmd(self, ten_env: TenEnv, cmd: Cmd) -> None:
         print("DefaultExtension on_cmd")
 
-        cmd_json = cmd.to_json()
+        cmd_json = cmd.get_property_to_json()
         print("DefaultExtension on_cmd json: " + cmd_json)
 
         cmd_result = CmdResult.create(StatusCode.OK)
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/multi_process_python/multi_process_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/multi_process_python/multi_process_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
index 235a718289..037c845184 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/multi_process_python/multi_process_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/multi_process_python/multi_process_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ def check_hello(
     def on_cmd(self, ten_env: TenEnv, cmd: Cmd) -> None:
         ten_env.log_info("on_cmd")
 
-        cmd_json = cmd.to_json()
+        cmd_json = cmd.get_property_to_json()
         ten_env.log_info("on_cmd json: " + cmd_json)
 
         new_cmd = Cmd.create("hello")
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/multiple_results_python_1/multiple_results_python_1_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/multiple_results_python_1/multiple_results_python_1_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
index 2bfb77878e..28ffd5f2bd 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/multiple_results_python_1/multiple_results_python_1_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/multiple_results_python_1/multiple_results_python_1_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def check_hello(
             ten_env.return_result(respCmd, receivedCmd)
 
     def on_cmd(self, ten_env: TenEnv, cmd: Cmd) -> None:
-        cmd_json = cmd.to_json()
+        cmd_json = cmd.get_property_to_json()
         ten_env.log_debug(f"on_cmd json: {cmd_json}")
 
         if self.name == "default_extension_python_1":
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/multiple_results_python_2/multiple_results_python_2_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/multiple_results_python_2/multiple_results_python_2_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
index 27c582fe41..e7a1b21de9 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/multiple_results_python_2/multiple_results_python_2_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/multiple_results_python_2/multiple_results_python_2_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def check_hello(
             assert False
 
     def on_cmd(self, ten_env: TenEnv, cmd: Cmd) -> None:
-        cmd_json = cmd.to_json()
+        cmd_json = cmd.get_property_to_json()
         ten_env.log_debug(f"on_cmd json: {cmd_json}")
 
         if self.name == "default_extension_python_1":
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/multiple_results_python_3/multiple_results_python_3_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/multiple_results_python_3/multiple_results_python_3_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
index 63e496563e..1a3b6c0c59 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/multiple_results_python_3/multiple_results_python_3_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/multiple_results_python_3/multiple_results_python_3_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def check_hello(
             assert False
 
     def on_cmd(self, ten_env: TenEnv, cmd: Cmd) -> None:
-        cmd_json = cmd.to_json()
+        cmd_json = cmd.get_property_to_json()
         ten_env.log_debug(f"on_cmd json: {cmd_json}")
 
         if self.name == "default_extension_python_1":
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/no_dest_async_python/no_dest_async_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_async_extension_python/extension.py b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/no_dest_async_python/no_dest_async_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_async_extension_python/extension.py
index b36a203e63..a5ab079408 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/no_dest_async_python/no_dest_async_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_async_extension_python/extension.py
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/no_dest_async_python/no_dest_async_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_async_extension_python/extension.py
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ async def on_deinit(self, ten_env: AsyncTenEnv) -> None:
         await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
 
     async def on_cmd(self, ten_env: AsyncTenEnv, cmd: Cmd) -> None:
-        cmd_json = cmd.to_json()
+        cmd_json = cmd.get_property_to_json()
         ten_env.log_debug(f"on_cmd: {cmd_json}")
 
         # Mock async operation, e.g. network, file I/O.
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/no_dest_python/no_dest_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/no_dest_python/no_dest_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
index dd1db02499..6c50321850 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/no_dest_python/no_dest_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/no_dest_python/no_dest_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ def check_hello(
     def on_cmd(self, ten_env: TenEnv, cmd: Cmd) -> None:
         print("DefaultExtension on_cmd")
 
-        cmd_json = cmd.to_json()
+        cmd_json = cmd.get_property_to_json()
         print("DefaultExtension on_cmd json: " + cmd_json)
 
         new_cmd = Cmd.create("hello")
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/resp_handler_yield_python/resp_handler_yield_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/resp_handler_yield_python/resp_handler_yield_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
index f38dc30fce..a0e8b7f3c0 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/resp_handler_yield_python/resp_handler_yield_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/resp_handler_yield_python/resp_handler_yield_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ def __handle_cmd(self, ten_env: TenEnv, cmd: Cmd):
     def on_cmd(self, ten_env: TenEnv, cmd: Cmd) -> None:
         ten_env.log_info("on_cmd")
 
-        cmd_json = cmd.to_json()
+        cmd_json = cmd.get_property_to_json()
         ten_env.log_info("on_cmd json: " + cmd_json)
 
         self.thread = threading.Thread(
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_cmd_discard_result_python/send_cmd_discard_result_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_cmd_discard_result_python/send_cmd_discard_result_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
index 3e03b487c0..290c538266 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_cmd_discard_result_python/send_cmd_discard_result_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_cmd_discard_result_python/send_cmd_discard_result_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ def on_init(self, ten_env: TenEnv) -> None:
         ten_env.on_init_done()
 
     def on_cmd(self, ten_env: TenEnv, cmd: Cmd) -> None:
-        cmd_json = cmd.to_json()
+        cmd_json = cmd.get_property_to_json()
         ten_env.log_info(f"on_cmd json: {cmd_json}")
 
         if self.name == "default_extension_python_1":
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_cmd_python/send_cmd_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_cmd_python/send_cmd_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
index db659df3ef..25d218afbb 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_cmd_python/send_cmd_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_cmd_python/send_cmd_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ def check_hello(
     def on_cmd(self, ten_env: TenEnv, cmd: Cmd) -> None:
         ten_env.log_info("on_cmd")
 
-        cmd_json = cmd.to_json()
+        cmd_json = cmd.get_property_to_json(None)
         ten_env.log_info("on_cmd json: " + cmd_json)
 
         new_cmd = Cmd.create("hello")
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_data_python/send_data_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_data_python/send_data_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
index bc792a3665..f8246010c8 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_data_python/send_data_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_data_python/send_data_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ def on_configure(self, ten_env: TenEnv) -> None:
         ten_env.on_configure_done()
 
     def on_cmd(self, ten_env: TenEnv, cmd: Cmd) -> None:
-        cmd_json = cmd.to_json()
+        cmd_json = cmd.get_property_to_json()
         print("DefaultExtension on_cmd json: " + cmd_json)
 
         new_data = Data.create("data")
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_recv_image_python/send_recv_image_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_recv_image_python/send_recv_image_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
index 0c197720fd..30c7eb3e0a 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_recv_image_python/send_recv_image_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_recv_image_python/send_recv_image_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ def on_start(self, ten_env: TenEnv) -> None:
         ten_env.on_start_done()
 
     def on_cmd(self, ten_env: TenEnv, cmd: Cmd) -> None:
-        cmd_json = cmd.to_json()
+        cmd_json = cmd.get_property_to_json()
         ten_env.log_info(f"DefaultExtension on_cmd json: {cmd_json}")
 
         assert hasattr(self, "request_cmd") != True
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_recv_pcm_python/send_recv_pcm_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_recv_pcm_python/send_recv_pcm_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
index ec3c61c88a..fd49601ce6 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_recv_pcm_python/send_recv_pcm_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/send_recv_pcm_python/send_recv_pcm_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ def on_start(self, ten_env: TenEnv) -> None:
         ten_env.on_start_done()
 
     def on_cmd(self, ten_env: TenEnv, cmd: Cmd) -> None:
-        cmd_json = cmd.to_json()
+        cmd_json = cmd.get_property_to_json()
         print("DefaultExtension on_cmd json: " + cmd_json)
 
         self.request_cmd = cmd
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/standalone_test_python/default_extension_python/extension.py b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/standalone_test_python/default_extension_python/extension.py
index ad7f9f95e8..ed5d722524 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/standalone_test_python/default_extension_python/extension.py
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/standalone_test_python/default_extension_python/extension.py
@@ -32,14 +32,17 @@ def return_if_all_data_received(self, ten_env: TenEnv) -> None:
 
     def on_data(self, ten_env: TenEnv, data: Data) -> None:
         if data.get_name() == "test":
-            ten_env.log_info("DefaultExtension on_data: " + data.to_json())
+            ten_env.log_info(
+                "DefaultExtension on_data: " + data.get_property_to_json()
+            )
             self.recv_data_count += 1
             self.return_if_all_data_received(ten_env)
 
     def on_audio_frame(self, ten_env: TenEnv, audio_frame: AudioFrame) -> None:
         if audio_frame.get_name() == "test":
             ten_env.log_info(
-                "DefaultExtension on_audio_frame: " + audio_frame.to_json()
+                "DefaultExtension on_audio_frame: "
+                + audio_frame.get_property_to_json()
             )
             self.recv_data_count += 1
             self.return_if_all_data_received(ten_env)
@@ -47,13 +50,14 @@ def on_audio_frame(self, ten_env: TenEnv, audio_frame: AudioFrame) -> None:
     def on_video_frame(self, ten_env: TenEnv, video_frame: VideoFrame) -> None:
         if video_frame.get_name() == "test":
             ten_env.log_info(
-                "DefaultExtension on_video_frame: " + video_frame.to_json()
+                "DefaultExtension on_video_frame: "
+                + video_frame.get_property_to_json()
             )
             self.recv_data_count += 1
             self.return_if_all_data_received(ten_env)
 
     def on_cmd(self, ten_env: TenEnv, cmd: Cmd) -> None:
-        cmd_json = cmd.to_json()
+        cmd_json = cmd.get_property_to_json()
         ten_env.log_info("DefaultExtension on_cmd json: " + cmd_json)
 
         if cmd.get_name() == "hello_world":
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/two_async_exts_one_group_python/two_async_exts_one_group_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/two_async_exts_one_group_python/two_async_exts_one_group_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
index 6b6779b097..1c11ba5882 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/two_async_exts_one_group_python/two_async_exts_one_group_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/two_async_exts_one_group_python/two_async_exts_one_group_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ async def on_deinit(self, ten_env: AsyncTenEnv) -> None:
         await asyncio.sleep(1)
 
     async def on_cmd(self, ten_env: AsyncTenEnv, cmd: Cmd) -> None:
-        cmd_json = cmd.to_json()
+        cmd_json = cmd.get_property_to_json()
         ten_env.log_debug(f"on_cmd: {cmd_json}")
 
         # Mock async operation, e.g. network, file I/O.
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/two_async_exts_python/two_async_exts_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/two_async_exts_python/two_async_exts_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
index 3d01d25001..6431116937 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/two_async_exts_python/two_async_exts_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/two_async_exts_python/two_async_exts_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ async def on_deinit(self, ten_env: AsyncTenEnv) -> None:
         await asyncio.sleep(1)
 
     async def on_cmd(self, ten_env: AsyncTenEnv, cmd: Cmd) -> None:
-        cmd_json = cmd.to_json()
+        cmd_json = cmd.get_property_to_json()
         ten_env.log_debug(f"on_cmd: {cmd_json}")
 
         # Mock async operation, e.g. network, file I/O.
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/unused_addon_python/unused_addon_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/unused_addon_python/unused_addon_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
index 18a89e5b90..060437ac57 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/unused_addon_python/unused_addon_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/integration/python/unused_addon_python/unused_addon_python_app/ten_packages/extension/default_extension_python/extension.py
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ def check_hello(self, ten_env: TenEnv, result: CmdResult, receivedCmd: Cmd):
     def on_cmd(self, ten_env: TenEnv, cmd: Cmd) -> None:
         print("DefaultExtension on_cmd")
 
-        cmd_json = cmd.to_json()
+        cmd_json = cmd.get_property_to_json()
         print("DefaultExtension on_cmd json: " + cmd_json)
 
         new_cmd = Cmd.create("hello")
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/cmd_conversion/cmd_conversion_path_nested_6.cc b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/cmd_conversion/cmd_conversion_path_nested_6.cc
index 2f50be676e..b2f781549e 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/cmd_conversion/cmd_conversion_path_nested_6.cc
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/cmd_conversion/cmd_conversion_path_nested_6.cc
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ TEST(CmdConversionTest, CmdConversionPathNested6) {  // NOLINT
   hello_world_cmd->set_dest("msgpack://127.0.0.1:8001/", "default",
                             "cmd_mapping_path_nested_6__extension_group",
                             "test_extension_1");
-  hello_world_cmd->from_json(R"({
+  hello_world_cmd->set_property_from_json(nullptr, R"({
            "test_group": [{
              "aaa": {
                "test_property": 32
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/data_test/from_json.cc b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/data_test/from_json.cc
index 55d328131e..7a28fad3d0 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/data_test/from_json.cc
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/data_test/from_json.cc
@@ -26,12 +26,12 @@ class test_extension_1 : public ten::extension_t {
       hello_world_cmd = std::move(cmd);
 
       auto data = ten::data_t::create("data");
-      data->from_json(
-          // clang-format off
+      data->set_property_from_json(nullptr,
+                                   // clang-format off
           R"({
                "payload": 3
              })"
-          // clang-format on
+                                   // clang-format on
       );
       ten_env.send_data(std::move(data));
     } else if (std::string(cmd->get_name()) == "data_ack") {
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/command/command_invalid_extension_2.cc b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/command/command_invalid_extension_2.cc
index 0ce8fa23cc..645ab1d143 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/command/command_invalid_extension_2.cc
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/command/command_invalid_extension_2.cc
@@ -33,7 +33,8 @@ class test_extension : public ten::extension_t {
           std::move(test_cmd),
           [this](ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
                  std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_result_t> result, ten::error_t *err) {
-            nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(result->to_json());
+            nlohmann::json json =
+                nlohmann::json::parse(result->get_property_to_json());
             auto cmd_result =
                 ten::cmd_result_t::create(result->get_status_code());
             cmd_result->set_property("detail", json.value("detail", ""));
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/command/command_send_enum.cc b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/command/command_send_enum.cc
index ca2cd90022..2d4c334236 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/command/command_send_enum.cc
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/command/command_send_enum.cc
@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@ class test_extension_1 : public ten::extension_t {
           std::move(new_cmd),
           [this](ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
                  std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_result_t> result, ten::error_t *err) {
-            nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(result->to_json());
+            nlohmann::json json =
+                nlohmann::json::parse(result->get_property_to_json());
 
             auto cmd_result = ten::cmd_result_t::create(TEN_STATUS_CODE_OK);
             cmd_result->set_property("detail", json.value("detail", ""));
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/command/command_stop_graph_actively_through_cmd.cc b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/command/command_stop_graph_actively_through_cmd.cc
index 5de72dcce0..d6510164fa 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/command/command_stop_graph_actively_through_cmd.cc
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/command/command_stop_graph_actively_through_cmd.cc
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class test_extension_4 : public ten::extension_t {
                  }]
                }
              })"_json;
-      stop_graph_cmd->from_json(json.dump().c_str());
+      stop_graph_cmd->set_property_from_json(nullptr, json.dump().c_str());
       ten_env.send_cmd(std::move(stop_graph_cmd));
     }
   }
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/dest/specify_dest.cc b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/dest/specify_dest.cc
index 6c9dea0bc4..961a500874 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/dest/specify_dest.cc
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/dest/specify_dest.cc
@@ -82,7 +82,8 @@ class business_extension : public ten::extension_t {
                            ten::error_t *err) {
           // Receive the result from plugin_1, and decide the next step based
           // on the content of the result.
-          nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->to_json());
+          nlohmann::json json =
+              nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->get_property_to_json());
           if (json["detail"] == "plugin_1_result") {
             // Successfully completed the interaction with plugin_1, the next
             // step is to interact with plugin_2.
@@ -112,7 +113,8 @@ class business_extension : public ten::extension_t {
                      std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_result_t> cmd_result,
                      ten::error_t *err) {
           // Receive result from plugin_2.
-          nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->to_json());
+          nlohmann::json json =
+              nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->get_property_to_json());
           if (json["detail"] == "plugin_2_result") {
             // Successfully completed the interaction with plugin_2,
             // the next step is to return a result to the request
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph/graph_loop_multiple_circle.cc b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph/graph_loop_multiple_circle.cc
index 16eddfe05c..2a7ff6d8c2 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph/graph_loop_multiple_circle.cc
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph/graph_loop_multiple_circle.cc
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class test_extension : public ten::extension_t {
   void on_cmd(ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
               std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_t> cmd) override {
     if (std::string(cmd->get_name()) == "sum") {
-      nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->to_json());
+      nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->get_property_to_json());
 
       if (counter_ == LOOP_CNT) {
         auto cmd_result = ten::cmd_result_t::create(TEN_STATUS_CODE_OK);
@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@ class test_extension : public ten::extension_t {
 
         json["total"] = std::to_string(total);
 
-        TEN_UNUSED bool const rc = cmd->from_json(json.dump().c_str());
+        TEN_UNUSED bool const rc =
+            cmd->set_property_from_json(nullptr, json.dump().c_str());
         TEN_ASSERT(rc, "Should not happen.");
 
         ten_env.send_cmd(std::move(cmd));
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph/graph_loop_multiple_circle_through_cmd.cc b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph/graph_loop_multiple_circle_through_cmd.cc
index 4508dff15f..d7d3ae91df 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph/graph_loop_multiple_circle_through_cmd.cc
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph/graph_loop_multiple_circle_through_cmd.cc
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class test_extension : public ten::extension_t {
               std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_t> cmd) override {
     if (std::string(cmd->get_name()) == "sum") {
       if (counter_ == LOOP_CNT) {
-        auto json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->to_json());
+        auto json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->get_property_to_json());
         auto cmd_result = ten::cmd_result_t::create(TEN_STATUS_CODE_OK);
         cmd_result->set_property_from_json("detail", json.dump().c_str());
         ten_env.return_result(std::move(cmd_result), std::move(cmd));
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph/graph_loop_multiple_circle_through_cmd_with_default.cc b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph/graph_loop_multiple_circle_through_cmd_with_default.cc
index 242e699123..556fc44cca 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph/graph_loop_multiple_circle_through_cmd_with_default.cc
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph/graph_loop_multiple_circle_through_cmd_with_default.cc
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class test_extension : public ten::extension_t {
 
     if (std::string(cmd->get_name()) == "sum") {
       if (counter_ == LOOP_CNT) {
-        auto json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->to_json());
+        auto json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->get_property_to_json());
         auto cmd_result = ten::cmd_result_t::create(TEN_STATUS_CODE_OK);
         cmd_result->set_property_from_json("detail", json.dump().c_str());
         ten_env.return_result(std::move(cmd_result), std::move(cmd));
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph/graph_multiple_polygon.cc b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph/graph_multiple_polygon.cc
index 16f228d1a7..5539632c23 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph/graph_multiple_polygon.cc
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph/graph_multiple_polygon.cc
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class test_extension : public ten::extension_t {
 
   void on_cmd(ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
               std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_t> cmd) override {
-    nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->to_json());
+    nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->get_property_to_json());
 
     if (is_leaf_node_) {
       json["return_from"] = name_;
@@ -62,7 +62,8 @@ class test_extension : public ten::extension_t {
         json[name_] = name_;
       }
 
-      TEN_UNUSED bool const rc = cmd->from_json(json.dump().c_str());
+      TEN_UNUSED bool const rc =
+          cmd->set_property_from_json(nullptr, json.dump().c_str());
       TEN_ASSERT(rc, "Should not happen.");
 
       ten_env.send_cmd(
@@ -70,7 +71,8 @@ class test_extension : public ten::extension_t {
           [this, edges](ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
                         std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_result_t> result,
                         ten::error_t *err) {
-            nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(result->to_json());
+            nlohmann::json json =
+                nlohmann::json::parse(result->get_property_to_json());
 
             nlohmann::json detail = json["detail"];
 
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph/graph_multiple_polygon_one_app.cc b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph/graph_multiple_polygon_one_app.cc
index aeb5992f61..72a5df205d 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph/graph_multiple_polygon_one_app.cc
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph/graph_multiple_polygon_one_app.cc
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class test_extension : public ten::extension_t {
 
   void on_cmd(ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
               std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_t> cmd) override {
-    nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->to_json());
+    nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->get_property_to_json());
 
     if (is_leaf_node_) {
       json["return_from"] = name_;
@@ -54,7 +54,8 @@ class test_extension : public ten::extension_t {
         json[name_] = name_;
       }
 
-      TEN_UNUSED bool const rc = cmd->from_json(json.dump().c_str());
+      TEN_UNUSED bool const rc =
+          cmd->set_property_from_json(nullptr, json.dump().c_str());
       TEN_ASSERT(rc, "Should not happen.");
 
       ten_env.send_cmd(
@@ -62,7 +63,8 @@ class test_extension : public ten::extension_t {
           [this, edges](ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
                         std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_result_t> result,
                         ten::error_t *err) {
-            nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(result->to_json());
+            nlohmann::json json =
+                nlohmann::json::parse(result->get_property_to_json());
             nlohmann::json detail = json["detail"];
             if (detail.type() == nlohmann::json::value_t::string) {
               detail = nlohmann::json::parse(json.value("detail", "{}"));
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph/graph_polygon_in_one_app_return_all_1.cc b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph/graph_polygon_in_one_app_return_all_1.cc
index 8c8728c4ac..9bc859480b 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph/graph_polygon_in_one_app_return_all_1.cc
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph/graph_polygon_in_one_app_return_all_1.cc
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class test_extension : public ten::extension_t {
 
   void on_cmd(ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
               std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_t> cmd) override {
-    nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->to_json());
+    nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->get_property_to_json());
 
     if (is_leaf_node_) {
       json["return_from"] = name_;
@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ class test_extension : public ten::extension_t {
         json["source"] = name_;
       }
 
-      TEN_UNUSED bool const rc = cmd->from_json(json.dump().c_str());
+      TEN_UNUSED bool const rc =
+          cmd->set_property_from_json(nullptr, json.dump().c_str());
       TEN_ASSERT(rc, "Should not happen.");
 
       ten_env.send_cmd_ex(
@@ -58,7 +59,8 @@ class test_extension : public ten::extension_t {
           [this, edges](ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
                         std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_result_t> result,
                         ten::error_t *err) {
-            nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(result->to_json());
+            nlohmann::json json =
+                nlohmann::json::parse(result->get_property_to_json());
             receive_count++;
 
             nlohmann::json detail = json["detail"];
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph/graph_polygon_in_one_app_return_all_2.cc b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph/graph_polygon_in_one_app_return_all_2.cc
index 2879dd400e..4e550691f1 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph/graph_polygon_in_one_app_return_all_2.cc
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph/graph_polygon_in_one_app_return_all_2.cc
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class test_extension : public ten::extension_t {
 
   void on_cmd(ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
               std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_t> cmd) override {
-    nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->to_json());
+    nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->get_property_to_json());
 
     if (is_leaf_node_) {
       json["return_from"] = name_;
@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ class test_extension : public ten::extension_t {
         json["source"] = name_;
       }
 
-      TEN_UNUSED bool const rc = cmd->from_json(json.dump().c_str());
+      TEN_UNUSED bool const rc =
+          cmd->set_property_from_json(nullptr, json.dump().c_str());
       TEN_ASSERT(rc, "Should not happen.");
 
       ten_env.send_cmd(
@@ -58,7 +59,8 @@ class test_extension : public ten::extension_t {
           [this, edges](ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
                         std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_result_t> result,
                         ten::error_t *err) {
-            nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(result->to_json());
+            nlohmann::json json =
+                nlohmann::json::parse(result->get_property_to_json());
             receive_count++;
 
             nlohmann::json detail = json["detail"];
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph_name/graph_name_basic.cc b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph_name/graph_name_basic.cc
index d137e06091..176acd0139 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph_name/graph_name_basic.cc
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/graph_name/graph_name_basic.cc
@@ -23,11 +23,12 @@ class test_extension : public ten::extension_t {
 
   void on_cmd(ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
               std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_t> cmd) override {
-    nlohmann::json data = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->to_json());
+    nlohmann::json data = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->get_property_to_json());
 
     data["send_from"] = name_;
 
-    TEN_UNUSED bool const rc = cmd->from_json(data.dump().c_str());
+    TEN_UNUSED bool const rc =
+        cmd->set_property_from_json(nullptr, data.dump().c_str());
     TEN_ASSERT(rc, "Should not happen.");
 
     // extension1(app1) -> extension3(app2) -> extension2(app1) -> return
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/multi_dest/multi_dest_in_multi_app.cc b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/multi_dest/multi_dest_in_multi_app.cc
index fd3faf4a28..23ea3411e8 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/multi_dest/multi_dest_in_multi_app.cc
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/multi_dest/multi_dest_in_multi_app.cc
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@
                                                                               \
     void on_cmd(ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,                                      \
                 std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_t> cmd) override {                   \
-      nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->to_json());            \
+      nlohmann::json json =                                                   \
+          nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->get_property_to_json());                 \
       if (std::string(cmd->get_name()) == "hello_world") {                    \
         auto cmd_result = ten::cmd_result_t::create(TEN_STATUS_CODE_OK);      \
         cmd_result->set_property("detail", "hello world from extension " #N); \
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/multi_dest/multi_dest_in_multi_app_with_response_handler.cc b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/multi_dest/multi_dest_in_multi_app_with_response_handler.cc
index 51dada8c5e..1f9d5e424a 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/multi_dest/multi_dest_in_multi_app_with_response_handler.cc
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/multi_dest/multi_dest_in_multi_app_with_response_handler.cc
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@
                                                                               \
     void on_cmd(ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,                                      \
                 std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_t> cmd) override {                   \
-      nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->to_json());            \
+      nlohmann::json json =                                                   \
+          nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->get_property_to_json());                 \
       if (std::string(cmd->get_name()) == "hello_world") {                    \
         auto cmd_result = ten::cmd_result_t::create(TEN_STATUS_CODE_OK);      \
         cmd_result->set_property("detail", "hello world from extension " #N); \
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/multi_dest/multi_dest_in_multi_app_with_response_handler_lambda.cc b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/multi_dest/multi_dest_in_multi_app_with_response_handler_lambda.cc
index 4b1701e5fd..70e433b4cc 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/multi_dest/multi_dest_in_multi_app_with_response_handler_lambda.cc
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/multi_dest/multi_dest_in_multi_app_with_response_handler_lambda.cc
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@
                                                                               \
     void on_cmd(ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,                                      \
                 std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_t> cmd) override {                   \
-      nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->to_json());            \
+      nlohmann::json json =                                                   \
+          nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->get_property_to_json());                 \
       if (std::string(cmd->get_name()) == "hello_world") {                    \
         auto cmd_result = ten::cmd_result_t::create(TEN_STATUS_CODE_OK);      \
         cmd_result->set_property("detail", "hello world from extension " #N); \
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/multi_dest/multi_dest_in_one_app.cc b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/multi_dest/multi_dest_in_one_app.cc
index 2f23ba340e..5e0240c62a 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/multi_dest/multi_dest_in_one_app.cc
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/multi_dest/multi_dest_in_one_app.cc
@@ -89,7 +89,8 @@ class test_extension_1 : public ten::extension_t {
                                                                               \
     void on_cmd(ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,                                      \
                 std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_t> cmd) override {                   \
-      nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->to_json());            \
+      nlohmann::json json =                                                   \
+          nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->get_property_to_json());                 \
       if (std::string(cmd->get_name()) == "hello_world") {                    \
         auto cmd_result = ten::cmd_result_t::create(TEN_STATUS_CODE_OK);      \
         cmd_result->set_property("detail", "hello world from extension " #N); \
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/predefined_graph/predefined_graph_basic_2.cc b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/predefined_graph/predefined_graph_basic_2.cc
index 35db3df29c..a4816645e2 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/predefined_graph/predefined_graph_basic_2.cc
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/predefined_graph/predefined_graph_basic_2.cc
@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ class test_predefined_graph : public ten::extension_t {
         std::move(start_graph_cmd),
         [&](ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
             std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_result_t> cmd_result, ten::error_t *err) {
-          nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->to_json());
+          nlohmann::json json =
+              nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->get_property_to_json());
           if (cmd_result->get_status_code() == TEN_STATUS_CODE_OK) {
             auto hello_world_cmd = ten::cmd_t::create("hello_world");
             hello_world_cmd->set_dest("msgpack://127.0.0.1:8001/",
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ class test_predefined_graph : public ten::extension_t {
                     std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_result_t> cmd_result,
                     ten::error_t *err) {
                   nlohmann::json json =
-                      nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->to_json());
+                      nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->get_property_to_json());
                   if (cmd_result->get_status_code() == TEN_STATUS_CODE_OK) {
                     normal_extension_is_ready = true;
 
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/predefined_graph/predefined_graph_engine_own_eventloop.cc b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/predefined_graph/predefined_graph_engine_own_eventloop.cc
index 59aa18dc9e..f229973b81 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/predefined_graph/predefined_graph_engine_own_eventloop.cc
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/predefined_graph/predefined_graph_engine_own_eventloop.cc
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ class test_predefined_graph : public ten::extension_t {
 
   void on_cmd(ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
               std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_t> cmd) override {
-    nlohmann::json const request = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->to_json());
+    nlohmann::json const request =
+        nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->get_property_to_json());
     TEN_LOGD("extension receives: %s", request.dump().c_str());
 
     nlohmann::json const detail = {{"id", 1}, {"name", "a"}};
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/resp_handler/resp_handler_async_basic.cc b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/resp_handler/resp_handler_async_basic.cc
index 56e0f798f7..66aa72dec2 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/resp_handler/resp_handler_async_basic.cc
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/resp_handler/resp_handler_async_basic.cc
@@ -24,23 +24,25 @@ class test_extension_1 : public ten::extension_t {
     if (std::string(cmd->get_name()) == "hello_world_1") {
       auto test_string = std::make_shared<std::string>("test test test");
 
-      ten_env.send_cmd(
-          std::move(cmd), [test_string](ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
-                                        std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_result_t> cmd,
-                                        ten::error_t *err) {
-            nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->to_json());
-            if (json.value("detail", "") == "hello world, too" &&
-                *test_string == "test test test") {
-              cmd->set_property("detail", "hello world 1, too");
-              ten_env.return_result_directly(std::move(cmd));
-            }
-          });
+      ten_env.send_cmd(std::move(cmd),
+                       [test_string](ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
+                                     std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_result_t> cmd,
+                                     ten::error_t *err) {
+                         nlohmann::json json =
+                             nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->get_property_to_json());
+                         if (json.value("detail", "") == "hello world, too" &&
+                             *test_string == "test test test") {
+                           cmd->set_property("detail", "hello world 1, too");
+                           ten_env.return_result_directly(std::move(cmd));
+                         }
+                       });
     } else if (std::string(cmd->get_name()) == "hello_world_2") {
       ten_env.send_cmd(
           std::move(cmd),
           [](ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
              std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_result_t> cmd_result, ten::error_t *err) {
-            nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->to_json());
+            nlohmann::json json =
+                nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->get_property_to_json());
             if (json.value("detail", "") == "hello world, too") {
               cmd_result->set_property("detail", "hello world 2, too");
               ten_env.return_result_directly(std::move(cmd_result));
@@ -53,7 +55,8 @@ class test_extension_1 : public ten::extension_t {
           std::move(cmd),
           [](ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
              std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_result_t> cmd_result, ten::error_t *err) {
-            nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->to_json());
+            nlohmann::json json =
+                nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->get_property_to_json());
             if (json.value("detail", "") == "hello world, too") {
               cmd_result->set_property("detail", "hello world 3, too");
               ten_env.return_result_directly(std::move(cmd_result));
@@ -85,7 +88,8 @@ class test_extension_1 : public ten::extension_t {
           [cmd_shared](ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
                        std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_result_t> cmd_result,
                        ten::error_t *err) {
-            nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->to_json());
+            nlohmann::json json =
+                nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->get_property_to_json());
             if (json.value("detail", "") == "hello world, too") {
               auto cmd_result = ten::cmd_result_t::create(TEN_STATUS_CODE_OK);
               cmd_result->set_property("detail", "hello world 5, too");
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/resp_handler/resp_handler_basic.cc b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/resp_handler/resp_handler_basic.cc
index 4568dc3ebb..53903b600a 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/resp_handler/resp_handler_basic.cc
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/resp_handler/resp_handler_basic.cc
@@ -24,24 +24,26 @@ class test_extension_1 : public ten::extension_t {
     if (std::string(cmd->get_name()) == "hello_world_1") {
       auto test_string = std::make_shared<std::string>("test test test");
 
-      ten_env.send_cmd(
-          std::move(cmd), [test_string](ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
-                                        std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_result_t> cmd,
-                                        ten::error_t *err) {
-            nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->to_json());
+      ten_env.send_cmd(std::move(cmd),
+                       [test_string](ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
+                                     std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_result_t> cmd,
+                                     ten::error_t *err) {
+                         nlohmann::json json =
+                             nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->get_property_to_json());
 
-            if (json.value("detail", "") == "hello world 1, too" &&
-                *test_string == "test test test") {
-              cmd->set_property("detail", "hello world 1, too");
-              ten_env.return_result_directly(std::move(cmd));
-            }
-          });
+                         if (json.value("detail", "") == "hello world 1, too" &&
+                             *test_string == "test test test") {
+                           cmd->set_property("detail", "hello world 1, too");
+                           ten_env.return_result_directly(std::move(cmd));
+                         }
+                       });
     } else if (std::string(cmd->get_name()) == "hello_world_2") {
       ten_env.send_cmd(
           std::move(cmd),
           [](ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
              std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_result_t> cmd_result, ten::error_t *err) {
-            nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->to_json());
+            nlohmann::json json =
+                nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->get_property_to_json());
             if (json.value("detail", "") == "hello world 2, too") {
               cmd_result->set_property("detail", "hello world 2, too");
               ten_env.return_result_directly(std::move(cmd_result));
@@ -52,7 +54,8 @@ class test_extension_1 : public ten::extension_t {
           std::move(cmd),
           [](ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
              std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_result_t> cmd_result, ten::error_t *err) {
-            nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->to_json());
+            nlohmann::json json =
+                nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->get_property_to_json());
             if (json.value("detail", "") == "hello world 3, too") {
               cmd_result->set_property("detail", "hello world 3, too");
               ten_env.return_result_directly(std::move(cmd_result));
@@ -83,7 +86,8 @@ class test_extension_1 : public ten::extension_t {
           [cmd_shared](ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
                        std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_result_t> cmd_result,
                        ten::error_t *err) {
-            nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->to_json());
+            nlohmann::json json =
+                nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->get_property_to_json());
             if (json.value("detail", "") == "hello world 6, too") {
               auto cmd_result = ten::cmd_result_t::create(TEN_STATUS_CODE_OK);
               cmd_result->set_property("detail", "hello world 5, too");
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/resp_handler/resp_handler_basic_wait_in_on_start.cc b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/resp_handler/resp_handler_basic_wait_in_on_start.cc
index 2ff3c14e70..cd51b93aa3 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/resp_handler/resp_handler_basic_wait_in_on_start.cc
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/resp_handler/resp_handler_basic_wait_in_on_start.cc
@@ -30,24 +30,26 @@ class test_extension_1 : public ten::extension_t {
     if (std::string(cmd->get_name()) == "hello_world_1") {
       auto test_string = std::make_shared<std::string>("test test test");
 
-      ten_env.send_cmd(
-          std::move(cmd), [test_string](ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
-                                        std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_result_t> cmd,
-                                        ten::error_t *err) {
-            nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->to_json());
+      ten_env.send_cmd(std::move(cmd),
+                       [test_string](ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
+                                     std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_result_t> cmd,
+                                     ten::error_t *err) {
+                         nlohmann::json json =
+                             nlohmann::json::parse(cmd->get_property_to_json());
 
-            if (json.value("detail", "") == "hello world 1, too" &&
-                *test_string == "test test test") {
-              cmd->set_property("detail", "hello world 1, too");
-              ten_env.return_result_directly(std::move(cmd));
-            }
-          });
+                         if (json.value("detail", "") == "hello world 1, too" &&
+                             *test_string == "test test test") {
+                           cmd->set_property("detail", "hello world 1, too");
+                           ten_env.return_result_directly(std::move(cmd));
+                         }
+                       });
     } else if (std::string(cmd->get_name()) == "hello_world_2") {
       ten_env.send_cmd(
           std::move(cmd),
           [](ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
              std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_result_t> cmd_result, ten::error_t *err) {
-            nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->to_json());
+            nlohmann::json json =
+                nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->get_property_to_json());
             if (json.value("detail", "") == "hello world 2, too") {
               cmd_result->set_property("detail", "hello world 2, too");
               ten_env.return_result_directly(std::move(cmd_result));
@@ -58,7 +60,8 @@ class test_extension_1 : public ten::extension_t {
           std::move(cmd),
           [](ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
              std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_result_t> cmd_result, ten::error_t *err) {
-            nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->to_json());
+            nlohmann::json json =
+                nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->get_property_to_json());
             if (json.value("detail", "") == "hello world 3, too") {
               cmd_result->set_property("detail", "hello world 3, too");
               ten_env.return_result_directly(std::move(cmd_result));
@@ -89,7 +92,8 @@ class test_extension_1 : public ten::extension_t {
           [cmd_shared](ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
                        std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_result_t> cmd_result,
                        ten::error_t *err) {
-            nlohmann::json json = nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->to_json());
+            nlohmann::json json =
+                nlohmann::json::parse(cmd_result->get_property_to_json());
             if (json.value("detail", "") == "hello world 6, too") {
               auto cmd_result = ten::cmd_result_t::create(TEN_STATUS_CODE_OK);
               cmd_result->set_property("detail", "hello world 5, too");
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/unit/ten_msg_test.cc b/tests/ten_runtime/unit/ten_msg_test.cc
index 92b4593790..76977a8b9a 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/unit/ten_msg_test.cc
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/unit/ten_msg_test.cc
@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@
 #include "ten_utils/lib/smart_ptr.h"
 
 TEST(TenMsgTest, create) {
-  ten_shared_ptr_t *data = ten_data_create();
+  ten_shared_ptr_t *data = ten_data_create("test", nullptr);
   ten_shared_ptr_destroy(data);
 
-  ten_shared_ptr_t *audio_frame = ten_audio_frame_create();
+  ten_shared_ptr_t *audio_frame = ten_audio_frame_create("test", nullptr);
   ten_shared_ptr_destroy(audio_frame);
 
-  ten_shared_ptr_t *video_frame = ten_video_frame_create();
+  ten_shared_ptr_t *video_frame = ten_video_frame_create("test", nullptr);
   ten_shared_ptr_destroy(video_frame);
 }