diff --git a/src/e2e/java/teammates/e2e/cases/InstructorNotificationsPageE2ETest.java b/src/e2e/java/teammates/e2e/cases/InstructorNotificationsPageE2ETest.java
index 8de2b045e71..e153f6e8f71 100644
--- a/src/e2e/java/teammates/e2e/cases/InstructorNotificationsPageE2ETest.java
+++ b/src/e2e/java/teammates/e2e/cases/InstructorNotificationsPageE2ETest.java
@@ -1,17 +1,19 @@
 package teammates.e2e.cases;
 
-import java.time.Instant;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
 import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;
 import org.testng.annotations.Test;
 
-import teammates.common.datatransfer.attributes.AccountAttributes;
 import teammates.common.datatransfer.attributes.NotificationAttributes;
 import teammates.common.util.AppUrl;
 import teammates.common.util.Const;
 import teammates.e2e.pageobjects.InstructorNotificationsPage;
+import teammates.storage.sqlentity.Account;
+import teammates.storage.sqlentity.Notification;
+import teammates.ui.output.AccountData;
 
 /**
  * SUT: {@link Const.WebPageURIs#INSTRUCTOR_NOTIFICATIONS_PAGE}.
@@ -22,43 +24,48 @@ public class InstructorNotificationsPageE2ETest extends BaseE2ETestCase {
     protected void prepareTestData() {
         testData = loadDataBundle("/InstructorNotificationsPageE2ETest.json");
         removeAndRestoreDataBundle(testData);
+        sqlTestData = removeAndRestoreSqlDataBundle(
+                loadSqlDataBundle("/InstructorNotificationsPageE2ETest_SqlEntities.json"));
     }
 
     @Test
     @Override
     public void testAll() {
-        AccountAttributes account = testData.accounts.get("INotifs.instr");
+        Account account = sqlTestData.accounts.get("INotifs.instr");
         AppUrl notificationsPageUrl = createFrontendUrl(Const.WebPageURIs.INSTRUCTOR_NOTIFICATIONS_PAGE);
         InstructorNotificationsPage notificationsPage = loginToPage(notificationsPageUrl, InstructorNotificationsPage.class,
                 account.getGoogleId());
 
         ______TS("verify that only active notifications with correct target user are shown");
-        NotificationAttributes[] notShownNotifications = {
-                testData.notifications.get("notification2"),
-                testData.notifications.get("expiredNotification1"),
+        Notification[] notShownNotifications = {
+                sqlTestData.notifications.get("notification2"),
+                sqlTestData.notifications.get("expiredNotification1"),
         };
-        NotificationAttributes[] shownNotifications = {
-                testData.notifications.get("notification1"),
-                testData.notifications.get("notification3"),
-                testData.notifications.get("notification4"),
+        Notification[] shownNotifications = {
+                sqlTestData.notifications.get("notification1"),
+                sqlTestData.notifications.get("notification3"),
+                sqlTestData.notifications.get("notification4"),
         };
 
+        Notification[] readNotifications = {
+                sqlTestData.notifications.get("notification4"),
+        };
+
+        Set<String> readNotificationsIds = Stream.of(readNotifications)
+                .map(readNotification -> readNotification.getId().toString())
+                .collect(Collectors.toSet());
+
         notificationsPage.verifyNotShownNotifications(notShownNotifications);
-        notificationsPage.verifyShownNotifications(shownNotifications, account.getReadNotifications().keySet());
+        notificationsPage.verifyShownNotifications(shownNotifications, readNotificationsIds);
 
         ______TS("mark notification as read");
-        NotificationAttributes notificationToMarkAsRead = testData.notifications.get("notification3");
+        Notification notificationToMarkAsRead = sqlTestData.notifications.get("notification3");
         notificationsPage.markNotificationAsRead(notificationToMarkAsRead);
         notificationsPage.verifyStatusMessage("Notification marked as read.");
 
         // Verify that account's readNotifications attribute is updated
-        Map<String, Instant> readNotifications = new HashMap<>();
-        readNotifications.put(notificationToMarkAsRead.getNotificationId(), notificationToMarkAsRead.getEndTime());
-        readNotifications.putAll(account.getReadNotifications());
-        account.setReadNotifications(readNotifications);
-        verifyPresentInDatabase(account);
-
-        notificationsPage.verifyNotificationTab(notificationToMarkAsRead, account.getReadNotifications().keySet());
+        AccountData accountFromDb = BACKDOOR.getAccountData(account.getGoogleId());
+        assertTrue(accountFromDb.getReadNotifications().containsKey(notificationToMarkAsRead.getId().toString()));
 
         ______TS("notification banner is not visible");
         assertFalse(notificationsPage.isBannerVisible());
diff --git a/src/e2e/resources/data/InstructorNotificationsPageE2ETest_SqlEntities.json b/src/e2e/resources/data/InstructorNotificationsPageE2ETest_SqlEntities.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bff18c00791
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/e2e/resources/data/InstructorNotificationsPageE2ETest_SqlEntities.json
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+{
+  "accounts": {
+    "INotifs.instr": {
+      "id": "00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000001",
+      "googleId": "tm.e2e.INotifs.instr",
+      "name": "Teammates Test",
+      "email": "INotifs.instr@gmail.tmt"
+    }
+  },
+  "notifications": {
+    "notification1": {
+      "id": "00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000001101",
+      "startTime": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+      "endTime": "2099-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+      "style": "DANGER",
+      "targetUser": "GENERAL",
+      "title": "INotifs.notification1",
+      "message": "<p>This notification is shown to general users</p>",
+      "shown": false
+    },
+    "notification2": {
+      "id": "00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000001102",
+      "startTime": "2011-02-02T00:00:00Z",
+      "endTime": "2099-02-02T00:00:00Z",
+      "style": "SUCCESS",
+      "targetUser": "STUDENT",
+      "title": "INotifs.notification2",
+      "message": "<p>This notification is shown to students only</p>",
+      "shown": false
+    },
+    "notification3": {
+      "id": "00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000001103",
+      "startTime": "2011-03-03T00:00:00Z",
+      "endTime": "2099-03-03T00:00:00Z",
+      "style": "SUCCESS",
+      "targetUser": "INSTRUCTOR",
+      "title": "INotifs.notification3",
+      "message": "<p>This notification is shown to instructors only</p>",
+      "shown": false
+    },
+    "notification4": {
+      "id": "00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000001104",
+      "startTime": "2011-04-04T00:00:00Z",
+      "endTime": "2099-04-04T00:00:00Z",
+      "style": "WARNING",
+      "targetUser": "GENERAL",
+      "title": "INotifs.notification4",
+      "message": "<p>This notification has been read by the user</p>",
+      "shown": false
+    },
+    "expiredNotification1": {
+      "id": "00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000001105",
+      "startTime": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+      "endTime": "2011-02-02T00:00:00Z",
+      "style": "DANGER",
+      "targetUser": "GENERAL",
+      "title": "INotifs.expiredNotification1",
+      "message": "<p>This notification has expired</p>",
+      "shown": false
+    }
+  },
+  "readNotifications": {
+    "notification4INotifs.instr": {
+      "id": "00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000002100",
+      "account": {
+        "id": "00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000001"
+      },
+      "notification": {
+        "id": "00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000001104"
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}