backup: throttle backup extracting if there is not enough disk space

Instead of failing the restore process, pause data extracting, until
already extracted data gets processed.
This commit implements this for local tar extraction. Extracting data
received from a VM is handled in qfile-(dom0-)unpacker, which also has
similar feature, turned on in 6338b93.

Fixes QubesOS/qubes-issues#4791

qubesadmin/backup/restore.py

@@ -1005,8 +1005,18 @@ def _start_retrieval_process(self, filelist, limit_count, limit_bytes):
         else:
             backup_stdin = open(self.backup_location, 'rb')
 
+            block_size = os.statvfs(self.tmpdir).f_frsize
+
+            # slow down the restore if there is too little space in the temp dir
+            checkpoint_command = \
+                'while [ $(stat -f --format=%a "{}") -lt {} ]; ' \
+                'do sleep 1; done' \
+                .format(self.tmpdir, 500 * 1024 * 1024 // block_size)
+
             tar1_command = ['tar',
                             '-ixv',
+                            '--checkpoint=10000',
+                            '--checkpoint-action=exec=' + checkpoint_command,
                             '--occurrence=1',
                             '-C', self.tmpdir] + filelist