diff --git a/.github/workflows/build.yml b/.github/workflows/build.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d0e53b978e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      os:
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      python-version:
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      python-architecture:
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      rust:
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      rust-target:
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      msrv:
+        required: false
+        type: string
+      extra-features:
+        required: true
+        type: string
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ${{ inputs.os }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+      - name: Set up Python ${{ inputs.python-version }}
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ inputs.python-version }}
+          architecture: ${{ inputs.python-architecture }}
+
+      - name: Install Rust toolchain
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
+        with:
+          toolchain: ${{ inputs.rust }}
+          targets: ${{ inputs.rust-target }}
+          # needed to correctly format errors, see #1865
+          components: rust-src
+
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+        with:
+          key: cargo-${{ inputs.python-architecture }}-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ inputs.msrv }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+
+      - if: inputs.os == 'ubuntu-latest'
+        name: Prepare LD_LIBRARY_PATH (Ubuntu only)
+        run: echo LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${pythonLocation}/lib >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - if: inputs.msrv == 'MSRV'
+        name: Prepare minimal package versions (MSRV only)
+        run: |
+          set -x
+          cargo update -p indexmap --precise 1.6.2
+          cargo update -p hashbrown:0.12.3 --precise 0.9.1
+          PROJECTS=("." "examples/decorator" "examples/maturin-starter" "examples/setuptools-rust-starter" "examples/word-count")
+          for PROJ in ${PROJECTS[@]}; do
+            cargo update --manifest-path "$PROJ/Cargo.toml" -p parking_lot --precise 0.11.0
+            cargo update --manifest-path "$PROJ/Cargo.toml" -p once_cell --precise 1.14.0
+          done
+          cargo update --manifest-path "examples/word-count/Cargo.toml" -p rayon --precise 1.5.3
+          cargo update --manifest-path "examples/word-count/Cargo.toml" -p rayon-core --precise 1.9.3
+          cargo update -p plotters --precise 0.3.1
+          cargo update -p plotters-svg --precise 0.3.1
+          cargo update -p plotters-backend --precise 0.3.2
+          cargo update -p bumpalo --precise 3.10.0
+          cargo update -p once_cell --precise 1.14.0
+          cargo update -p rayon --precise 1.5.3
+          cargo update -p rayon-core --precise 1.9.3
+
+      - name: Build docs
+        run: cargo doc --no-deps --no-default-features --features "full ${{ inputs.extra-features }}"
+
+      - name: Build (no features)
+        run: cargo build --lib --tests --no-default-features
+
+      # --no-default-features when used with `cargo build/test -p` doesn't seem to work!
+      - name: Build pyo3-build-config (no features)
+        run: |
+          cd pyo3-build-config
+          cargo build --no-default-features
+
+      # Run tests (except on PyPy, because no embedding API).
+      - if: ${{ !startsWith(inputs.python-version, 'pypy') }}
+        name: Test (no features)
+        run: cargo test --no-default-features --lib --tests
+
+      # --no-default-features when used with `cargo build/test -p` doesn't seem to work!
+      - name: Test pyo3-build-config (no features)
+        run: |
+          cd pyo3-build-config
+          cargo test --no-default-features
+
+      - name: Build (all additive features)
+        run: cargo build --lib --tests --no-default-features --features "full ${{ inputs.extra-features }}"
+
+      - if: ${{ startsWith(inputs.python-version, 'pypy') }}
+        name: Build PyPy (abi3-py37)
+        run: cargo build --lib --tests --no-default-features --features "abi3-py37 full ${{ inputs.extra-features }}"
+
+      # Run tests (except on PyPy, because no embedding API).
+      - if: ${{ !startsWith(inputs.python-version, 'pypy') }}
+        name: Test
+        run: cargo test --no-default-features --features "full ${{ inputs.extra-features }}"
+
+      # Run tests again, but in abi3 mode
+      - if: ${{ !startsWith(inputs.python-version, 'pypy') }}
+        name: Test (abi3)
+        run: cargo test --no-default-features --features "abi3 full ${{ inputs.extra-features }}"
+
+      # Run tests again, for abi3-py37 (the minimal Python version)
+      - if: ${{ (!startsWith(inputs.python-version, 'pypy')) && (inputs.python-version != '3.7') }}
+        name: Test (abi3-py37)
+        run: cargo test --no-default-features --features "abi3-py37 full ${{ inputs.extra-features }}"
+
+      - name: Test proc-macro code
+        run: cargo test --manifest-path=pyo3-macros-backend/Cargo.toml
+
+      - name: Test build config
+        run: cargo test --manifest-path=pyo3-build-config/Cargo.toml
+
+      - name: Test python examples and tests
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          python -m pip install -U pip nox
+          nox -s test-py
+        env:
+          CARGO_TARGET_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/target
+
+      - name: Test cross compilation
+        if: ${{ inputs.os == 'ubuntu-latest' && inputs.python-version == '3.9' }}
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@v1
+        env:
+          PYO3_CROSS_LIB_DIR: /opt/python/cp39-cp39/lib
+        with:
+          target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
+          manylinux: auto
+          args: --release -i python3.9 -m examples/maturin-starter/Cargo.toml
+
+      - run: sudo rm -rf examples/maturin-starter/target
+        if: ${{ inputs.os == 'ubuntu-latest' && inputs.python-version == '3.9' }}
+      - name: Test cross compile to same architecture
+        if: ${{ inputs.os == 'ubuntu-latest' && inputs.python-version == '3.9' }}
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@v1
+        env:
+          PYO3_CROSS_LIB_DIR: /opt/python/cp39-cp39/lib
+        with:
+          target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
+          manylinux: auto
+          args: --release -i python3.9 -m examples/maturin-starter/Cargo.toml
+
+      - name: Test cross compilation
+        if: ${{ inputs.os == 'macos-latest' && inputs.python-version == '3.9' }}
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@v1
+        with:
+          target: aarch64-apple-darwin
+          args: --release -i python3.9 -m examples/maturin-starter/Cargo.toml
+
+      - name: Test cross compile to Windows
+        if: ${{ inputs.os == 'ubuntu-latest' && inputs.python-version == '3.8' }}
+        env:
+          XWIN_ARCH: x86_64
+        run: |
+          set -ex
+          sudo apt-get install -y mingw-w64 llvm
+          rustup target add x86_64-pc-windows-gnu x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
+          python -m pip install cargo-xwin
+          # abi3
+          cargo build --manifest-path examples/maturin-starter/Cargo.toml --features abi3 --target x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
+          cargo xwin build --manifest-path examples/maturin-starter/Cargo.toml --features abi3 --target x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
+          # non-abi3
+          export PYO3_CROSS_PYTHON_VERSION=3.9
+          cargo build --manifest-path examples/maturin-starter/Cargo.toml --features generate-import-lib --target x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
+          cargo xwin build --manifest-path examples/maturin-starter/Cargo.toml --features generate-import-lib --target x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
+      - name: Test cross compile to Windows with maturin
+        if: ${{ inputs.os == 'ubuntu-latest' && inputs.python-version == '3.8' }}
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@v1
+        with:
+          target: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
+          args: -i python3.8 -m examples/maturin-starter/Cargo.toml --features abi3
+
+    env:
+      CARGO_TERM_VERBOSE: true
+      CARGO_BUILD_TARGET: ${{ inputs.rust-target }}
+      RUST_BACKTRACE: 1
+      RUSTFLAGS: "-D warnings"
+      RUSTDOCFLAGS: "-D warnings"
+      # TODO: this is a hack to workaround compile_error! warnings about auto-initialize on PyPy
+      # Once cargo's `resolver = "2"` is stable (~ MSRV Rust 1.52), remove this.
+      PYO3_CI: 1
+      # This is a hack to make CARGO_PRIMARY_PACKAGE always set even for the
+      # msrv job. MSRV is currently 1.48, but CARGO_PRIMARY_PACKAGE only came in
+      # 1.49.
+      CARGO_PRIMARY_PACKAGE: 1
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 534447e77c0..a9f3d707013 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ env:
 
 jobs:
   fmt:
+    if: github.ref != 'refs/heads/main'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ jobs:
         run: nox -s fmt-rust
 
   clippy:
+    if: github.ref != 'refs/heads/main'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ jobs:
   check-target:
     needs: [fmt]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
+    if: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' && github.ref != 'refs/heads/main' }}
     strategy:
       # If one platform fails, allow the rest to keep testing if `CI-no-fail-fast` label is present
       fail-fast: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'CI-no-fail-fast') }}
@@ -73,15 +75,65 @@ jobs:
             PYO3_BUILD_CONFIG=$(pwd)/config.txt cargo check --all-targets --features "abi3 full multiple-pymethods"
           done
 
-  build:
+  build-pr:
+    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
+    name: python${{ matrix.python-version }}-${{ matrix.platform.python-architecture }} ${{ matrix.platform.os }} rust-${{ matrix.rust }}
     needs: [fmt] # don't wait for clippy as fails rarely and takes longer
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/build.yml
+    with:
+      os: ${{ matrix.platform.os }}
+      python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+      python-architecture: ${{ matrix.platform.python-architecture }}
+      rust: ${{ matrix.rust }}
+      rust-target: ${{ matrix.platform.rust-target }}
+      msrv: ${{ matrix.msrv }}
+      extra-features: ${{ matrix.platform.extra-features }}
+    secrets: inherit
+    strategy:
+      # If one platform fails, allow the rest to keep testing if `CI-no-fail-fast` label is present
+      fail-fast: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'CI-no-fail-fast') }}
+      matrix:
+        extra-features: ["multiple-pymethods"]
+        rust: [stable]
+        python-version: ["3.11"]
+        platform:
+          [
+            {
+              os: "macos-latest",
+              python-architecture: "x64",
+              rust-target: "x86_64-apple-darwin",
+            },
+            {
+              os: "ubuntu-latest",
+              python-architecture: "x64",
+              rust-target: "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu",
+            },
+            {
+              os: "windows-latest",
+              python-architecture: "x64",
+              rust-target: "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc",
+            },
+          ]
+
+  build-full:
+    if: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' && github.ref != 'refs/heads/main' }}
     name: python${{ matrix.python-version }}-${{ matrix.platform.python-architecture }} ${{ matrix.platform.os }} rust-${{ matrix.rust }}
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.platform.os }}
+    needs: [fmt] # don't wait for clippy as fails rarely and takes longer
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/build.yml
+    with:
+      os: ${{ matrix.platform.os }}
+      python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+      python-architecture: ${{ matrix.platform.python-architecture }}
+      rust: ${{ matrix.rust }}
+      rust-target: ${{ matrix.platform.rust-target }}
+      msrv: ${{ matrix.msrv }}
+      extra-features: ${{ matrix.platform.extra-features }}
+    secrets: inherit
     strategy:
       # If one platform fails, allow the rest to keep testing if `CI-no-fail-fast` label is present
       fail-fast: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'CI-no-fail-fast') }}
       matrix:
-        extra_features: ["multiple-pymethods"]  # Because MSRV doesn't support this
+        extra-features: ["multiple-pymethods"]  # Because MSRV doesn't support this
         rust: [stable]
         python-version: [
           "3.7",
@@ -122,7 +174,7 @@ jobs:
                 rust-target: "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu",
               }
             msrv: "MSRV"
-            extra_features: ""
+            extra-features: ""
 
           # Test the `nightly` feature
           - rust: nightly
@@ -133,7 +185,7 @@ jobs:
                 python-architecture: "x64",
                 rust-target: "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu",
               }
-            extra_features: "nightly multiple-pymethods"
+            extra-features: "nightly multiple-pymethods"
 
           # Test 32-bit Windows only with the latest Python version
           - rust: stable
@@ -144,181 +196,10 @@ jobs:
                 python-architecture: "x86",
                 rust-target: "i686-pc-windows-msvc",
               }
-            extra_features: "multiple-pymethods"
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-
-      - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
-        with:
-          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-          architecture: ${{ matrix.platform.python-architecture }}
-
-      - name: Install Rust toolchain
-        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
-        with:
-          toolchain: ${{ matrix.rust }}
-          targets: ${{ matrix.platform.rust-target }}
-          # needed to correctly format errors, see #1865
-          components: rust-src
-
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
-        with:
-          key: cargo-${{ matrix.platform.python-architecture }}-${{ matrix.platform.os }}-${{ matrix.msrv }}
-        continue-on-error: true
-
-      - if: matrix.platform.os == 'ubuntu-latest'
-        name: Prepare LD_LIBRARY_PATH (Ubuntu only)
-        run: echo LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${pythonLocation}/lib >> $GITHUB_ENV
-
-      - if: matrix.msrv == 'MSRV'
-        name: Prepare minimal package versions (MSRV only)
-        run: |
-          set -x
-          cargo update -p indexmap --precise 1.6.2
-          cargo update -p hashbrown:0.12.3 --precise 0.9.1
-          PROJECTS=("." "examples/decorator" "examples/maturin-starter" "examples/setuptools-rust-starter" "examples/word-count")
-          for PROJ in ${PROJECTS[@]}; do
-            cargo update --manifest-path "$PROJ/Cargo.toml" -p parking_lot --precise 0.11.0
-            cargo update --manifest-path "$PROJ/Cargo.toml" -p once_cell --precise 1.14.0
-          done
-          cargo update --manifest-path "examples/word-count/Cargo.toml" -p rayon --precise 1.5.3
-          cargo update --manifest-path "examples/word-count/Cargo.toml" -p rayon-core --precise 1.9.3
-          cargo update -p plotters --precise 0.3.1
-          cargo update -p plotters-svg --precise 0.3.1
-          cargo update -p plotters-backend --precise 0.3.2
-          cargo update -p bumpalo --precise 3.10.0
-          cargo update -p once_cell --precise 1.14.0
-          cargo update -p rayon --precise 1.5.3
-          cargo update -p rayon-core --precise 1.9.3
-
-      - name: Build docs
-        run: cargo doc --no-deps --no-default-features --features "full ${{ matrix.extra_features }}"
-
-      - name: Build (no features)
-        run: cargo build --lib --tests --no-default-features
-
-      # --no-default-features when used with `cargo build/test -p` doesn't seem to work!
-      - name: Build pyo3-build-config (no features)
-        run: |
-          cd pyo3-build-config
-          cargo build --no-default-features
-
-      # Run tests (except on PyPy, because no embedding API).
-      - if: ${{ !startsWith(matrix.python-version, 'pypy') }}
-        name: Test (no features)
-        run: cargo test --no-default-features --lib --tests
-
-      # --no-default-features when used with `cargo build/test -p` doesn't seem to work!
-      - name: Test pyo3-build-config (no features)
-        run: |
-          cd pyo3-build-config
-          cargo test --no-default-features
-
-      - name: Build (all additive features)
-        run: cargo build --lib --tests --no-default-features --features "full ${{ matrix.extra_features }}"
-
-      - if: ${{ startsWith(matrix.python-version, 'pypy') }}
-        name: Build PyPy (abi3-py37)
-        run: cargo build --lib --tests --no-default-features --features "abi3-py37 full ${{ matrix.extra_features }}"
-
-      # Run tests (except on PyPy, because no embedding API).
-      - if: ${{ !startsWith(matrix.python-version, 'pypy') }}
-        name: Test
-        run: cargo test --no-default-features --features "full ${{ matrix.extra_features }}"
-
-      # Run tests again, but in abi3 mode
-      - if: ${{ !startsWith(matrix.python-version, 'pypy') }}
-        name: Test (abi3)
-        run: cargo test --no-default-features --features "abi3 full ${{ matrix.extra_features }}"
-
-      # Run tests again, for abi3-py37 (the minimal Python version)
-      - if: ${{ (!startsWith(matrix.python-version, 'pypy')) && (matrix.python-version != '3.7') }}
-        name: Test (abi3-py37)
-        run: cargo test --no-default-features --features "abi3-py37 full ${{ matrix.extra_features }}"
-
-      - name: Test proc-macro code
-        run: cargo test --manifest-path=pyo3-macros-backend/Cargo.toml
-
-      - name: Test build config
-        run: cargo test --manifest-path=pyo3-build-config/Cargo.toml
-
-      - name: Test python examples and tests
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          python -m pip install -U pip nox
-          nox -s test-py
-        env:
-          CARGO_TARGET_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/target
-
-      - name: Test cross compilation
-        if: ${{ matrix.platform.os == 'ubuntu-latest' && matrix.python-version == '3.9' }}
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@v1
-        env:
-          PYO3_CROSS_LIB_DIR: /opt/python/cp39-cp39/lib
-        with:
-          target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
-          manylinux: auto
-          args: --release -i python3.9 -m examples/maturin-starter/Cargo.toml
-
-      - run: sudo rm -rf examples/maturin-starter/target
-        if: ${{ matrix.platform.os == 'ubuntu-latest' && matrix.python-version == '3.9' }}
-      - name: Test cross compile to same architecture
-        if: ${{ matrix.platform.os == 'ubuntu-latest' && matrix.python-version == '3.9' }}
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@v1
-        env:
-          PYO3_CROSS_LIB_DIR: /opt/python/cp39-cp39/lib
-        with:
-          target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
-          manylinux: auto
-          args: --release -i python3.9 -m examples/maturin-starter/Cargo.toml
-
-      - name: Test cross compilation
-        if: ${{ matrix.platform.os == 'macos-latest' && matrix.python-version == '3.9' }}
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@v1
-        with:
-          target: aarch64-apple-darwin
-          args: --release -i python3.9 -m examples/maturin-starter/Cargo.toml
-
-      - name: Test cross compile to Windows
-        if: ${{ matrix.platform.os == 'ubuntu-latest' && matrix.python-version == '3.8' }}
-        env:
-          XWIN_ARCH: x86_64
-        run: |
-          set -ex
-          sudo apt-get install -y mingw-w64 llvm
-          rustup target add x86_64-pc-windows-gnu x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
-          python -m pip install cargo-xwin
-          # abi3
-          cargo build --manifest-path examples/maturin-starter/Cargo.toml --features abi3 --target x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
-          cargo xwin build --manifest-path examples/maturin-starter/Cargo.toml --features abi3 --target x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
-          # non-abi3
-          export PYO3_CROSS_PYTHON_VERSION=3.9
-          cargo build --manifest-path examples/maturin-starter/Cargo.toml --features generate-import-lib --target x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
-          cargo xwin build --manifest-path examples/maturin-starter/Cargo.toml --features generate-import-lib --target x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
-      - name: Test cross compile to Windows with maturin
-        if: ${{ matrix.platform.os == 'ubuntu-latest' && matrix.python-version == '3.8' }}
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@v1
-        with:
-          target: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
-          args: -i python3.8 -m examples/maturin-starter/Cargo.toml --features abi3
-
-    env:
-      CARGO_TERM_VERBOSE: true
-      CARGO_BUILD_TARGET: ${{ matrix.platform.rust-target }}
-      RUST_BACKTRACE: 1
-      RUSTFLAGS: "-D warnings"
-      RUSTDOCFLAGS: "-D warnings"
-      # TODO: this is a hack to workaround compile_error! warnings about auto-initialize on PyPy
-      # Once cargo's `resolver = "2"` is stable (~ MSRV Rust 1.52), remove this.
-      PYO3_CI: 1
-      # This is a hack to make CARGO_PRIMARY_PACKAGE always set even for the
-      # msrv job. MSRV is currently 1.48, but CARGO_PRIMARY_PACKAGE only came in
-      # 1.49.
-      CARGO_PRIMARY_PACKAGE: 1
-
+            extra-features: "multiple-pymethods"
+          
   valgrind:
-    if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
+    if: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' && github.ref != 'refs/heads/main' }}
     needs: [fmt]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
@@ -342,7 +223,7 @@ jobs:
       TRYBUILD: overwrite
 
   careful:
-    if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
+    if: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' && github.ref != 'refs/heads/main' }}
     needs: [fmt]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
@@ -372,29 +253,41 @@ jobs:
         os: ["windows", "macos", "ubuntu"]
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}-latest
     steps:
+      - if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && matrix.os != 'ubuntu' }}
+        id: should-skip
+        shell: bash
+        run: echo 'skip=true' >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        if: steps.should-skip.outputs.skip != 'true'
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        if: steps.should-skip.outputs.skip != 'true'
         with:
           python-version: "3.11"
       - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+        if: steps.should-skip.outputs.skip != 'true'
         with:
           key: coverage-cargo-${{ matrix.os }}
         continue-on-error: true
       - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+        if: steps.should-skip.outputs.skip != 'true'
         with:
           components: llvm-tools-preview
       - name: Install cargo-llvm-cov
+        if: steps.should-skip.outputs.skip != 'true'
         uses: taiki-e/install-action@cargo-llvm-cov
       - run: python -m pip install -U pip nox
+        if: steps.should-skip.outputs.skip != 'true'
       - run: nox -s coverage
+        if: steps.should-skip.outputs.skip != 'true'
       - uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
+        if: steps.should-skip.outputs.skip != 'true'
         with:
           file: coverage.lcov
           name: ${{ matrix.os }}
 
   emscripten:
     name: emscripten
-    if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
+    if: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' && github.ref != 'refs/heads/main' }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
@@ -430,7 +323,8 @@ jobs:
       - fmt
       - clippy
       - check-target
-      - build
+      - build-pr
+      - build-full
       - valgrind
       - careful
       - coverage