diff --git a/src/server.jl b/src/server.jl
index 8bd16c6..6599933 100644
--- a/src/server.jl
+++ b/src/server.jl
@@ -522,14 +522,16 @@ function evaluate_raw_cells!(f::File, chunks::Vector, options::Dict; showprogres
                 if isnothing(remote.error)
                     for display_result in remote.display_results
                         processed_display = process_results(display_result)
-                        push!(
-                            outputs,
-                            (;
-                                output_type = "display_data",
-                                processed_display.data,
-                                processed_display.metadata,
-                            ),
-                        )
+                        if !isempty(processed_display.data)
+                            push!(
+                                outputs,
+                                (;
+                                    output_type = "display_data",
+                                    processed_display.data,
+                                    processed_display.metadata,
+                                ),
+                            )
+                        end
                         if !isempty(processed_display.errors)
                             append!(outputs, processed_display.errors)
                             if !allow_error_cell
@@ -542,15 +544,17 @@ function evaluate_raw_cells!(f::File, chunks::Vector, options::Dict; showprogres
                             end
                         end
                     end
-                    push!(
-                        outputs,
-                        (;
-                            output_type = "execute_result",
-                            execution_count = 1,
-                            processed.data,
-                            processed.metadata,
-                        ),
-                    )
+                    if !isempty(processed.data)
+                        push!(
+                            outputs,
+                            (;
+                                output_type = "execute_result",
+                                execution_count = 1,
+                                processed.data,
+                                processed.metadata,
+                            ),
+                        )
+                    end
                 else
                     # These are errors arising from evaluation of the contents
                     # of a code cell, not from the `show` output of the values,
diff --git a/test/testsets/const_redefinition.jl b/test/testsets/const_redefinition.jl
index 896f778..4d4bb00 100644
--- a/test/testsets/const_redefinition.jl
+++ b/test/testsets/const_redefinition.jl
@@ -39,12 +39,7 @@ include("../utilities/prelude.jl")
         cells = json["cells"]
 
         cell = cells[2]
-        @test only(cell["outputs"]) == Dict(
-            "output_type" => "execute_result",
-            "execution_count" => 1,
-            "data" => Dict(),
-            "metadata" => Dict(),
-        )
+        @test isempty(cell["outputs"])
 
         cell = cells[4]
         @test only(cell["outputs"]) == Dict(
@@ -84,12 +79,7 @@ include("../utilities/prelude.jl")
         cells = json["cells"]
 
         cell = cells[2]
-        @test only(cell["outputs"]) == Dict(
-            "output_type" => "execute_result",
-            "execution_count" => 1,
-            "data" => Dict(),
-            "metadata" => Dict(),
-        )
+        @test isempty(cell["outputs"])
 
         cell = cells[4]
         @test only(cell["outputs"]) == Dict(
diff --git a/test/testsets/display.jl b/test/testsets/display.jl
index cf9ea46..abab194 100644
--- a/test/testsets/display.jl
+++ b/test/testsets/display.jl
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ test_example(joinpath(@__DIR__, "../examples/display.qmd")) do json
 
     cell = cells[4]
     outputs = cell["outputs"]
-    @test length(outputs) == 3
+    @test length(outputs) == 2
 
     @test outputs[1]["output_type"] == "display_data"
     @test haskey(outputs[1]["data"], "image/png")
diff --git a/test/testsets/errors.jl b/test/testsets/errors.jl
index 89dc723..b741e81 100644
--- a/test/testsets/errors.jl
+++ b/test/testsets/errors.jl
@@ -48,29 +48,27 @@ test_example(joinpath(@__DIR__, "../examples/errors.qmd")) do json
     cell = cells[18]
 
     outputs = cell["outputs"]
-    @test length(outputs) == 5
-    @test outputs[1]["output_type"] == "execute_result"
-    @test isempty(outputs[1]["data"])
+    @test length(outputs) == 4
 
-    output = outputs[2]
+    output = outputs[1]
     @test output["output_type"] == "error"
     @test output["ename"] == "text/plain showerror"
     @test length(output["traceback"]) == 11
     @test contains(output["traceback"][end], "multimedia.jl")
 
-    output = outputs[3]
+    output = outputs[2]
     @test output["output_type"] == "error"
     @test output["ename"] == "text/html showerror"
     @test length(output["traceback"]) == 9
     @test contains(output["traceback"][end], "multimedia.jl")
 
-    output = outputs[4]
+    output = outputs[3]
     @test output["output_type"] == "error"
     @test output["ename"] == "text/latex showerror"
     @test length(output["traceback"]) == 9
     @test contains(output["traceback"][end], "multimedia.jl")
 
-    output = outputs[5]
+    output = outputs[4]
     @test output["output_type"] == "error"
     @test output["ename"] == "image/svg+xml showerror"
     @test length(output["traceback"]) == 9
diff --git a/test/testsets/project.jl b/test/testsets/project.jl
index 8d99558..7d58e25 100644
--- a/test/testsets/project.jl
+++ b/test/testsets/project.jl
@@ -24,8 +24,7 @@ test_example(joinpath(@__DIR__, "../examples/project.qmd")) do json
 
     cell = json["cells"][10]
     @test cell["cell_type"] == "code"
-    @test cell["outputs"][1]["output_type"] == "execute_result"
-    @test isempty(cell["outputs"][1]["data"])
+    @test isempty(cell["outputs"])
 
     cell = json["cells"][12]
     @test cell["cell_type"] == "code"
diff --git a/test/testsets/project_exeflags.jl b/test/testsets/project_exeflags.jl
index 4e6c42b..8aeb0db 100644
--- a/test/testsets/project_exeflags.jl
+++ b/test/testsets/project_exeflags.jl
@@ -21,8 +21,7 @@ test_example(joinpath(@__DIR__, "../examples/project_exeflags.qmd")) do json
 
     cell = cells[8]
     @test cell["cell_type"] == "code"
-    @test cell["outputs"][1]["output_type"] == "execute_result"
-    @test isempty(cell["outputs"][1]["data"])
+    @test isempty(cell["outputs"])
 
     cell = cells[10]
     @test cell["cell_type"] == "code"
diff --git a/test/testsets/semicolons.jl b/test/testsets/semicolons.jl
index 1939049..1e79499 100644
--- a/test/testsets/semicolons.jl
+++ b/test/testsets/semicolons.jl
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ include("../utilities/prelude.jl")
         json = run!(server, path; showprogress = false)
 
         cell = json.cells[2]
-        @test isempty(cell.outputs[1].data)
+        @test isempty(cell.outputs)
 
         cell = json.cells[4]
         @test cell.outputs[1].data["text/plain"] == "1"
diff --git a/test/testsets/stdout.jl b/test/testsets/stdout.jl
index 238b5e4..36608f3 100644
--- a/test/testsets/stdout.jl
+++ b/test/testsets/stdout.jl
@@ -10,11 +10,10 @@ test_example(joinpath(@__DIR__, "../examples/stdout.qmd")) do json
     cell = json["cells"][2]
     @test cell["cell_type"] == "code"
     @test cell["execution_count"] == 1
+    @test length(cell["outputs"]) == 1
     @test cell["outputs"][1]["output_type"] == "stream"
     @test cell["outputs"][1]["name"] == "stdout"
     @test contains(cell["outputs"][1]["text"], "1")
-    @test cell["outputs"][2]["output_type"] == "execute_result"
-    @test isempty(cell["outputs"][2]["data"])
 
     cell = json["cells"][3]
     @test cell["cell_type"] == "markdown"