diff --git a/api/src/opentrons/protocol_api/_trash_bin.py b/api/src/opentrons/protocol_api/_trash_bin.py
index aaaf46e40f4..df79e497ff4 100644
--- a/api/src/opentrons/protocol_api/_trash_bin.py
+++ b/api/src/opentrons/protocol_api/_trash_bin.py
@@ -20,3 +20,13 @@ def location(self) -> DeckSlotName:
         This is intended for Opentrons internal use only and is not a guarenteed API.
         """
         return self._location
+
+    @property
+    def area_name(self) -> str:
+        """Addressable area name of the trash bin.
+
+        :meta private:
+
+        This is intended for Opentrons internal use only and is not a guarenteed API.
+        """
+        return self._addressable_area_name
diff --git a/api/src/opentrons/protocol_api/core/engine/protocol.py b/api/src/opentrons/protocol_api/core/engine/protocol.py
index fb4d4ee570f..6d5d456a78f 100644
--- a/api/src/opentrons/protocol_api/core/engine/protocol.py
+++ b/api/src/opentrons/protocol_api/core/engine/protocol.py
@@ -136,6 +136,9 @@ def append_disposal_location(
     ) -> None:
         """Append a disposal location object to the core"""
         if isinstance(disposal_location, TrashBin):
+            self._engine_client.state.addressable_areas.raise_if_area_not_in_deck_configuration(
+                disposal_location.area_name
+            )
             deck_conflict.check(
                 engine_state=self._engine_client.state,
                 new_trash_bin=disposal_location,
@@ -147,6 +150,20 @@ def append_disposal_location(
                 existing_labware_ids=list(self._labware_cores_by_id.keys()),
                 existing_module_ids=list(self._module_cores_by_id.keys()),
             )
+            self._engine_client.add_addressable_area(disposal_location.area_name)
+        elif isinstance(disposal_location, WasteChute):
+            # TODO(jbl 2024-01-25) hardcoding this specific addressable area should be refactored
+            #   when analysis is fixed up
+            #
+            # We want to tell Protocol Engine that there's a waste chute in the waste chute location when it's loaded,
+            # so analysis can prevent the user from doing anything that would collide with it. At the same time, we
+            # do not want to create a false negative when it comes to addressable area conflict. We therefore use the
+            # addressable area `1ChannelWasteChute` because every waste chute cutout fixture provides it and it will
+            # provide the engine with the information it needs.
+            self._engine_client.state.addressable_areas.raise_if_area_not_in_deck_configuration(
+                "1ChannelWasteChute"
+            )
+            self._engine_client.add_addressable_area("1ChannelWasteChute")
         self._disposal_locations.append(disposal_location)
 
     def get_disposal_locations(self) -> List[Union[Labware, TrashBin, WasteChute]]:
diff --git a/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/actions/__init__.py b/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/actions/__init__.py
index e72c8b7db25..b7875021cf3 100644
--- a/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/actions/__init__.py
+++ b/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/actions/__init__.py
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
     AddLabwareOffsetAction,
     AddLabwareDefinitionAction,
     AddLiquidAction,
+    AddAddressableAreaAction,
     AddModuleAction,
     FinishErrorDetails,
     DoorChangeAction,
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@
     "AddLabwareOffsetAction",
     "AddLabwareDefinitionAction",
     "AddLiquidAction",
+    "AddAddressableAreaAction",
     "AddModuleAction",
     "DoorChangeAction",
     "ResetTipsAction",
diff --git a/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/actions/actions.py b/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/actions/actions.py
index 8dffc7f012c..318b6a0e676 100644
--- a/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/actions/actions.py
+++ b/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/actions/actions.py
@@ -15,7 +15,13 @@
 from opentrons_shared_data.errors import EnumeratedError
 
 from ..commands import Command, CommandCreate, CommandPrivateResult
-from ..types import LabwareOffsetCreate, ModuleDefinition, Liquid, DeckConfigurationType
+from ..types import (
+    LabwareOffsetCreate,
+    ModuleDefinition,
+    Liquid,
+    DeckConfigurationType,
+    AddressableAreaLocation,
+)
 
 
 @dataclass(frozen=True)
@@ -153,6 +159,18 @@ class AddLiquidAction:
     liquid: Liquid
 
 
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class AddAddressableAreaAction:
+    """Add a single addressable area to state.
+
+    This differs from the deck configuration in PlayAction which sends over a mapping of cutout fixtures.
+    This action will only load one addressable area and that should be pre-validated before being sent via
+    the action.
+    """
+
+    addressable_area: AddressableAreaLocation
+
+
 @dataclass(frozen=True)
 class AddModuleAction:
     """Add an attached module directly to state without a location."""
@@ -194,6 +212,7 @@ class SetPipetteMovementSpeedAction:
     AddLabwareOffsetAction,
     AddLabwareDefinitionAction,
     AddModuleAction,
+    AddAddressableAreaAction,
     AddLiquidAction,
     ResetTipsAction,
     SetPipetteMovementSpeedAction,
diff --git a/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/clients/sync_client.py b/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/clients/sync_client.py
index 9325dbec8b0..86a39d7ace0 100644
--- a/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/clients/sync_client.py
+++ b/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/clients/sync_client.py
@@ -71,6 +71,12 @@ def add_labware_definition(self, definition: LabwareDefinition) -> LabwareUri:
             definition=definition,
         )
 
+    def add_addressable_area(self, addressable_area_name: str) -> None:
+        """Add an addressable area to the engine's state."""
+        self._transport.call_method(
+            "add_addressable_area", addressable_area_name=addressable_area_name
+        )
+
     def add_liquid(
         self, name: str, color: Optional[str], description: Optional[str]
     ) -> Liquid:
diff --git a/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/protocol_engine.py b/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/protocol_engine.py
index a04f24d347a..3c408828337 100644
--- a/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/protocol_engine.py
+++ b/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/protocol_engine.py
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
     HexColor,
     PostRunHardwareState,
     DeckConfigurationType,
+    AddressableAreaLocation,
 )
 from .execution import (
     QueueWorker,
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@
     AddLabwareOffsetAction,
     AddLabwareDefinitionAction,
     AddLiquidAction,
+    AddAddressableAreaAction,
     AddModuleAction,
     HardwareStoppedAction,
     ResetTipsAction,
@@ -481,6 +483,13 @@ def add_liquid(
         self._action_dispatcher.dispatch(AddLiquidAction(liquid=liquid))
         return liquid
 
+    def add_addressable_area(self, addressable_area_name: str) -> None:
+        """Add an addressable area to state."""
+        area = AddressableAreaLocation(addressableAreaName=addressable_area_name)
+        self._action_dispatcher.dispatch(
+            AddAddressableAreaAction(addressable_area=area)
+        )
+
     def reset_tips(self, labware_id: str) -> None:
         """Reset the tip state of a given labware."""
         # TODO(mm, 2023-03-10): Safely raise an error if the given labware isn't a
diff --git a/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/state/addressable_areas.py b/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/state/addressable_areas.py
index 077e78ab2a5..a24b643c90a 100644
--- a/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/state/addressable_areas.py
+++ b/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/state/addressable_areas.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     PotentialCutoutFixture,
     DeckConfigurationType,
 )
-from ..actions import Action, UpdateCommandAction, PlayAction
+from ..actions import Action, UpdateCommandAction, PlayAction, AddAddressableAreaAction
 from .config import Config
 from .abstract_store import HasState, HandlesActions
 
@@ -175,7 +175,9 @@ def handle_action(self, action: Action) -> None:
         """Modify state in reaction to an action."""
         if isinstance(action, UpdateCommandAction):
             self._handle_command(action.command)
-        if isinstance(action, PlayAction):
+        elif isinstance(action, AddAddressableAreaAction):
+            self._check_location_is_addressable_area(action.addressable_area)
+        elif isinstance(action, PlayAction):
             current_state = self._state
             if (
                 action.deck_configuration is not None
diff --git a/api/tests/opentrons/protocol_api_integration/test_trashes.py b/api/tests/opentrons/protocol_api_integration/test_trashes.py
index c9b31c08167..1c8250fe44e 100644
--- a/api/tests/opentrons/protocol_api_integration/test_trashes.py
+++ b/api/tests/opentrons/protocol_api_integration/test_trashes.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 
 from opentrons import protocol_api, simulate
+from opentrons.protocols.api_support.types import APIVersion
 
 import contextlib
 from typing import ContextManager, Optional, Type
@@ -122,16 +123,6 @@ def test_trash_search() -> None:
             "2.16",
             "OT-2",
             False,
-            # This should ideally raise, matching OT-2 behavior on prior Protocol API versions.
-            # It currently does not because Protocol API v2.15's trashes are implemented as
-            # addressable areas, not labware--and they're only brought into existence
-            # *on first use,* not at the beginning of a protocol.
-            #
-            # The good news is that even though the conflicting load will not raise like we want,
-            # something in the protocol will eventually raise, e.g. when a pipette goes to drop a
-            # tip in the fixed trash and finds that a fixed trash can't exist there because there's
-            # a labware.
-            marks=pytest.mark.xfail(strict=True, raises=pytest.fail.Exception),
         ),
         pytest.param(
             "2.16",
@@ -156,10 +147,17 @@ def test_fixed_trash_load_conflicts(
     if expect_load_to_succeed:
         expected_error: ContextManager[object] = contextlib.nullcontext()
     else:
+        # If we're expecting an error, it'll be a LocationIsOccupied for 2.15 and below, otherwise
+        # it will fail with an IncompatibleAddressableAreaError, since slot 12 will not be in the deck config
+        if APIVersion.from_string(version) < APIVersion(2, 16):
+            error_name = "LocationIsOccupiedError"
+        else:
+            error_name = "IncompatibleAddressableAreaError"
+
         expected_error = pytest.raises(
             Exception,
-            # Exact message doesn't matter, as long as it's definitely a labware load conflict.
-            match="LocationIsOccupiedError",
+            # Exact message doesn't matter, as long as it's definitely a labware load or addressable area conflict.
+            match=error_name,
         )
 
     with expected_error:
diff --git a/api/tests/opentrons/protocol_engine/clients/test_sync_client.py b/api/tests/opentrons/protocol_engine/clients/test_sync_client.py
index c9865cb431c..d5d1f930cca 100644
--- a/api/tests/opentrons/protocol_engine/clients/test_sync_client.py
+++ b/api/tests/opentrons/protocol_engine/clients/test_sync_client.py
@@ -68,6 +68,23 @@ def test_add_labware_definition(
     assert result == expected_labware_uri
 
 
+def test_add_addressable_area(
+    decoy: Decoy,
+    transport: ChildThreadTransport,
+    subject: SyncClient,
+) -> None:
+    """It should add an addressable area."""
+    subject.add_addressable_area(addressable_area_name="cool-area")
+
+    decoy.verify(
+        transport.call_method(
+            "add_addressable_area",
+            addressable_area_name="cool-area",
+        ),
+        times=1,
+    )
+
+
 def test_add_liquid(
     decoy: Decoy,
     transport: ChildThreadTransport,
diff --git a/api/tests/opentrons/protocol_engine/state/test_addressable_area_store.py b/api/tests/opentrons/protocol_engine/state/test_addressable_area_store.py
index a3e2d66844d..f49cd164c1f 100644
--- a/api/tests/opentrons/protocol_engine/state/test_addressable_area_store.py
+++ b/api/tests/opentrons/protocol_engine/state/test_addressable_area_store.py
@@ -7,7 +7,10 @@
 from opentrons.types import DeckSlotName
 
 from opentrons.protocol_engine.commands import Command
-from opentrons.protocol_engine.actions import UpdateCommandAction
+from opentrons.protocol_engine.actions import (
+    UpdateCommandAction,
+    AddAddressableAreaAction,
+)
 from opentrons.protocol_engine.state import Config
 from opentrons.protocol_engine.state.addressable_areas import (
     AddressableAreaStore,
@@ -243,3 +246,17 @@ def test_addressable_area_referencing_commands_load(
     """It should check that the addressable area is in the deck config."""
     subject.handle_action(UpdateCommandAction(private_result=None, command=command))
     assert expected_area in subject.state.loaded_addressable_areas_by_name
+
+
+def test_add_addressable_area_action(
+    simulated_subject: AddressableAreaStore,
+) -> None:
+    """It should add the addressable area to the store."""
+    simulated_subject.handle_action(
+        AddAddressableAreaAction(
+            addressable_area=AddressableAreaLocation(
+                addressableAreaName="movableTrashA1"
+            )
+        )
+    )
+    assert "movableTrashA1" in simulated_subject.state.loaded_addressable_areas_by_name
diff --git a/api/tests/opentrons/protocol_engine/test_protocol_engine.py b/api/tests/opentrons/protocol_engine/test_protocol_engine.py
index 156c68aee8b..59772c868ed 100644
--- a/api/tests/opentrons/protocol_engine/test_protocol_engine.py
+++ b/api/tests/opentrons/protocol_engine/test_protocol_engine.py
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
     ModuleModel,
     Liquid,
     PostRunHardwareState,
+    AddressableAreaLocation,
 )
 from opentrons.protocol_engine.execution import (
     QueueWorker,
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@
     ActionDispatcher,
     AddLabwareOffsetAction,
     AddLabwareDefinitionAction,
+    AddAddressableAreaAction,
     AddLiquidAction,
     AddModuleAction,
     PlayAction,
@@ -921,6 +923,25 @@ def _stub_get_definition_uri(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
     assert result == "some/definition/uri"
 
 
+def test_add_addressable_area(
+    decoy: Decoy,
+    action_dispatcher: ActionDispatcher,
+    subject: ProtocolEngine,
+) -> None:
+    """It should dispatch an AddAddressableArea action."""
+    subject.add_addressable_area(addressable_area_name="my_funky_area")
+
+    decoy.verify(
+        action_dispatcher.dispatch(
+            AddAddressableAreaAction(
+                addressable_area=AddressableAreaLocation(
+                    addressableAreaName="my_funky_area"
+                )
+            )
+        )
+    )
+
+
 def test_add_liquid(
     decoy: Decoy,
     action_dispatcher: ActionDispatcher,