diff --git a/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/state/geometry.py b/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/state/geometry.py
index 1683a2670cb..9783508800c 100644
--- a/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/state/geometry.py
+++ b/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/state/geometry.py
@@ -1437,7 +1437,9 @@ def get_well_height_after_volume(
 
         This is given an initial handling height, with reference to the well bottom.
         """
-        well_geometry = self._labware.get_well_geometry(labware_id=labware_id, well_name=well_name)
+        well_geometry = self._labware.get_well_geometry(
+            labware_id=labware_id, well_name=well_name
+        )
         initial_volume = find_volume_at_well_height(
             target_height=initial_height, well_geometry=well_geometry
         )
diff --git a/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/state/wells.py b/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/state/wells.py
index 25d082ac362..75783d3308f 100644
--- a/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/state/wells.py
+++ b/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/state/wells.py
@@ -48,33 +48,35 @@ def _handle_succeeded_command(self, command: Command) -> None:
                 labware_id=command.params.labwareId,
                 well_name=command.params.wellName,
                 height=command.result.z_position,
-                time=command.completedAt,
+                time=command.completedAt
+                if command.completedAt is not None
+                else command.createdAt,
             )
         if isinstance(command.result, LoadLiquidResult):
             self._set_liquid_height_after_load(
                 labware_id=command.params.labwareId,
                 well_name=next(iter(command.params.volumeByWell)),
                 volume=next(iter(command.params.volumeByWell.values())),
-                time=command.completedAt,
+                time=command.completedAt
+                if command.completedAt is not None
+                else command.createdAt,
             )
         if isinstance(command.result, AspirateResult):
             self._update_liquid_height_after_operation(
                 labware_id=command.params.labwareId,
                 well_name=command.params.wellName,
                 volume=-command.result.volume,
-                time=command.completedAt,
             )
         if isinstance(command.result, DispenseResult):
             self._update_liquid_height_after_operation(
                 labware_id=command.params.labwareId,
                 well_name=command.params.wellName,
                 volume=command.result.volume,
-                time=command.completedAt,
             )
 
     def _handle_failed_command(self, action: FailCommandAction) -> None:
         if isinstance(action.error, LiquidNotFoundError):
-            self._set_liquid_height_from_probe(
+            self._set_liquid_height_after_probe(
                 labware_id=action.error.private.labware_id,
                 well_name=action.error.private.well_name,
                 height=None,
@@ -85,7 +87,9 @@ def _set_liquid_height_after_probe(
         self, labware_id: str, well_name: str, height: float, time: datetime
     ) -> None:
         """Set the liquid height of the well from a LiquidProbe command."""
-        lhi = LiquidHeightInfo(height=height, last_measured=time)
+        lhi = LiquidHeightInfo(
+            height=height, last_measured=time, operations_since_measurement=0
+        )
         if labware_id not in self._state.measured_liquid_heights:
             self._state.measured_liquid_heights[labware_id] = {}
         self._state.measured_liquid_heights[labware_id][well_name] = lhi
@@ -94,19 +98,41 @@ def _set_liquid_height_after_load(
         self, labware_id: str, well_name: str, volume: float, time: datetime
     ) -> None:
         """Set the liquid height of the well from a LoadLiquid command."""
-        height = get_well_height_at_volume(labware_id=labware_id, well_name=well_name, volume=volume)
-        lhi = LiquidHeightInfo(height=height, last_measured=time)
+        height = get_well_height_at_volume(
+            labware_id=labware_id, well_name=well_name, volume=volume
+        )
+        lhi = LiquidHeightInfo(
+            height=height, last_measured=time, operations_since_measurement=0
+        )
         if labware_id not in self._state.measured_liquid_heights:
             self._state.measured_liquid_heights[labware_id] = {}
         self._state.measured_liquid_heights[labware_id][well_name] = lhi
 
     def _update_liquid_height_after_operation(
-        self, labware_id: str, well_name: str, volume: float, time: datetime
+        self, labware_id: str, well_name: str, volume: float
     ) -> None:
-        """Set the liquid height of the well from a LoadLiquid command."""
-        initial_height = self._state.measured_liquid_heights[labware_id][well_name]
-        height = get_well_height_after_volume(labware_id=labware_id, well_name=well_name, initial_height=initial_height, volume=volume)
-        lhi = LiquidHeightInfo(height=height, last_measured=time)
+        """Update the liquid height of the well after an Aspirate or Dispense command."""
+        time = self._state.measured_liquid_heights[labware_id][well_name].last_measured
+        operations_since_measurement = (
+            self._state.measured_liquid_heights[labware_id][
+                well_name
+            ].operations_since_measurement
+            + 1
+        )
+        initial_height = self._state.measured_liquid_heights[labware_id][
+            well_name
+        ].height
+        height = get_well_height_after_volume(
+            labware_id=labware_id,
+            well_name=well_name,
+            initial_height=initial_height,
+            volume=volume,
+        )
+        lhi = LiquidHeightInfo(
+            height=height,
+            last_measured=time,
+            operations_since_measurement=operations_since_measurement,
+        )
         if labware_id not in self._state.measured_liquid_heights:
             self._state.measured_liquid_heights[labware_id] = {}
         self._state.measured_liquid_heights[labware_id][well_name] = lhi
diff --git a/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/types.py b/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/types.py
index 72daafd3a52..d8b9345ab71 100644
--- a/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/types.py
+++ b/api/src/opentrons/protocol_engine/types.py
@@ -360,6 +360,7 @@ class LiquidHeightInfo(BaseModel):
 
     height: float
     last_measured: datetime
+    operations_since_measurement: int
 
 
 class LiquidHeightSummary(BaseModel):