Support chained inclusion criteria in compartment definitions

[lmsurpre]

Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.
In FHIR DSTU2, the patient compartment included resources like AuditEvent or Provenance when they reference a resource that is in the patient compartment.

In R4, AuditEvent and Provenance are only in the patient compartment when they directly reference the patient.

We have #2143 for users (i.e. operators of a given fhir server deployment) to customize the compartment definitions and define their own "inclusion criteria" for what to include/exclude.

This issue extends that with the ability to specify chained inclusion criteria.

Describe the solution you'd like

1. Ensure that our existing support for chained inclusion criteria actually works.
2. If so, add tests that override the compartment definitions so that this code is actually exercised.

Describe alternatives you've considered
Do not support chained inclusion criteria.

Acceptance Criteria

Additional context
Chained inclusion criteria were removed from the spec in https://jira.hl7.org/browse/FHIR-15906 (removal of chained inclusion criteria).
There are other open issues which might be resolved by adding it back, like https://jira.hl7.org/browse/FHIR-17358