From ea151b0785f004003bbeca9eeb8731c338959c2a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Steven G. Johnson" <stevenj@alum.mit.edu>
Date: Wed, 23 Mar 2022 13:14:10 -0400
Subject: [PATCH] fallback randn/randexp for AbstractFloat

---
 NEWS.md                        |  2 ++
 stdlib/Random/src/normal.jl    | 13 +++++++++++++
 stdlib/Random/test/runtests.jl | 32 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 3 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/NEWS.md b/NEWS.md
index 6e0b00c92f041..1d402d97f9781 100644
--- a/NEWS.md
+++ b/NEWS.md
@@ -65,6 +65,8 @@ Standard library changes
 
 #### Random
 
+* `randn` and `randexp` now work for any `AbstractFloat` type defining `rand` ([#44714]).
+
 #### REPL
 
 #### SparseArrays
diff --git a/stdlib/Random/src/normal.jl b/stdlib/Random/src/normal.jl
index 6bb4cd2c36ce8..b143924da74e3 100644
--- a/stdlib/Random/src/normal.jl
+++ b/stdlib/Random/src/normal.jl
@@ -90,6 +90,16 @@ randn(rng::AbstractRNG, ::Type{Complex{T}}) where {T<:AbstractFloat} =
     Complex{T}(SQRT_HALF * randn(rng, T), SQRT_HALF * randn(rng, T))
 
 
+### fallback randn for float types defining rand:
+function randn(rng::AbstractRNG, ::Type{T}) where {T<:AbstractFloat}
+    # Marsaglia polar variant of Box–Muller transform:
+    while true
+        x, y = 2rand(rng, T)-1, 2rand(rng, T)-1
+        0 < (s = x^2 + y^2) < 1 || continue
+        return x * sqrt(-2log(s)/s) # and/or y * sqrt(...)
+    end
+end
+
 ## randexp
 
 """
@@ -137,6 +147,9 @@ end
     end
 end
 
+### fallback randexp for float types defining rand:
+randexp(rng::AbstractRNG, ::Type{T}) where {T<:AbstractFloat} =
+    -log(rand(rng, T))
 
 ## arrays & other scalar methods
 
diff --git a/stdlib/Random/test/runtests.jl b/stdlib/Random/test/runtests.jl
index c8be4c95cdaf2..6333ad43e1328 100644
--- a/stdlib/Random/test/runtests.jl
+++ b/stdlib/Random/test/runtests.jl
@@ -307,9 +307,32 @@ let a = [rand(RandomDevice(), UInt128) for i=1:10]
     @test reduce(|, a)>>>64 != 0
 end
 
+# wrapper around Float64 to check fallback random generators
+struct FakeFloat64 <: AbstractFloat
+    x::Float64
+end
+Base.rand(rng::AbstractRNG, ::Random.SamplerTrivial{Random.CloseOpen01{FakeFloat64}}) = FakeFloat64(rand(rng))
+for f in (:sqrt, :log, :one, :zero, :abs, :+, :-)
+    @eval Base.$f(x::FakeFloat64) = FakeFloat64($f(x.x))
+end
+for f in (:+, :-, :*, :/)
+    @eval begin
+        Base.$f(x::FakeFloat64, y::FakeFloat64) = FakeFloat64($f(x.x,y.x))
+        Base.$f(x::FakeFloat64, y::Real) = FakeFloat64($f(x.x,y))
+        Base.$f(x::Real, y::FakeFloat64) = FakeFloat64($f(x,y.x))
+    end
+end
+for f in (:<, :<=, :>, :>=, :(==), :(!=))
+    @eval begin
+        Base.$f(x::FakeFloat64, y::FakeFloat64) = $f(x.x,y.x)
+        Base.$f(x::FakeFloat64, y::Real) = $f(x.x,y)
+        Base.$f(x::Real, y::FakeFloat64) = $f(x,y.x)
+    end
+end
+
 # test all rand APIs
 for rng in ([], [MersenneTwister(0)], [RandomDevice()], [Xoshiro()])
-    ftypes = [Float16, Float32, Float64]
+    ftypes = [Float16, Float32, Float64, FakeFloat64, BigFloat]
     cftypes = [ComplexF16, ComplexF32, ComplexF64, ftypes...]
     types = [Bool, Char, BigFloat, Base.BitInteger_types..., ftypes...]
     randset = Set(rand(Int, 20))
@@ -406,15 +429,12 @@ for rng in ([], [MersenneTwister(0)], [RandomDevice()], [Xoshiro()])
     rand!(rng..., BitMatrix(undef, 2, 3))  ::BitArray{2}
 
     # Test that you cannot call randn or randexp with non-Float types.
-    for r in [randn, randexp, randn!, randexp!]
-        local r
+    for r in [randn, randexp]
         @test_throws MethodError r(Int)
         @test_throws MethodError r(Int32)
         @test_throws MethodError r(Bool)
         @test_throws MethodError r(String)
-        @test_throws MethodError r(AbstractFloat)
-        # TODO(#17627): Consider adding support for randn(BigFloat) and removing this test.
-        @test_throws MethodError r(BigFloat)
+        @test_throws ArgumentError r(AbstractFloat)
 
         @test_throws MethodError r(Int64, (2,3))
         @test_throws MethodError r(String, 1)