diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index bf9fe3f..724aed4 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@
   "dependencies": {
     "@scure/bip32": "^1.4.0",
     "@types/node": "^16.11.6",
+    "base-x": "^4.0.0",
     "bip39": "^3.0.4",
     "bip44-constants": "^123.0.0",
     "bn.js": "^5.2.1",
@@ -104,8 +105,7 @@
     "ethers": "^6.13.1",
     "jcc_common": "^0.1.0",
     "lockr": "^0.8.5",
-    "node-polyfill-webpack-plugin": "^2.0.1",
-    "wif": "^4.0.0"
+    "node-polyfill-webpack-plugin": "^2.0.1"
   },
   "nyc": {
     "check-coverage": true,
diff --git a/src/hd/eos.plugin.ts b/src/hd/eos.plugin.ts
index 1c4c17e..a202469 100644
--- a/src/hd/eos.plugin.ts
+++ b/src/hd/eos.plugin.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
-import { filterOx } from "jcc_common";
 import { IHDPlugin, IKeyPair } from "../types";
 import { sha256 } from "@noble/hashes/sha256";
-import { ripemd160 } from "@noble/hashes/ripemd160";
-import base58 from "bs58";
 import { PublicKey } from "../minify-eosjs/PublicKey";
 import { PrivateKey } from "../minify-eosjs/PrivateKey";
 import { Signature } from "../minify-eosjs/Signature";
-import wif from "wif";
+import { KeyType, publicKeyToLegacyString, privateKeyToLegacyString } from "../minify-eosjs/eosjs-numeric";
+import { stripHexPrefix } from "../minify-ethereumjs-util/internal";
 
 export interface IEosPlugin extends IHDPlugin {
   checkPrivateKey(privateKey: string): string;
+  privateKeyToLegacyString(privateKey: string): string;
 }
 
 export const plugin: IEosPlugin = {
@@ -17,19 +16,27 @@ export const plugin: IEosPlugin = {
     // check and cut swtc keypair lib add prefix 00
     return privateKey.length === 66 ? privateKey.substring(2) : privateKey;
   },
+  privateKeyToLegacyString(privateKey: string): string {
+    const priv = plugin.checkPrivateKey(stripHexPrefix(privateKey));
+    const buffer = Buffer.from(priv, "hex");
+    const eosPrivateKey = privateKeyToLegacyString({
+      data: Uint8Array.from(buffer),
+      type: KeyType.k1
+    });
+    return eosPrivateKey;
+  },
   address(key: IKeyPair): string {
     if (key.privateKey) {
-      const privateKey = plugin.checkPrivateKey(key.privateKey);
-      const buffer = Buffer.from(privateKey, "hex");
-      const eosPrivateKey = wif.encode(128, buffer, false);
+      const eosPrivateKey = plugin.privateKeyToLegacyString(key.privateKey);
       return PrivateKey.fromString(eosPrivateKey)
         .getPublicKey()
         .toLegacyString();
     }
     if (key.publicKey) {
-      const rawPublicKey = Buffer.from(key.publicKey, "hex");
-      const checksum = ripemd160(rawPublicKey).slice(0, 4);
-      return "EOS" + base58.encode(Buffer.concat([rawPublicKey, Buffer.from(checksum)]));
+      return publicKeyToLegacyString({
+        data: Uint8Array.from(Buffer.from(key.publicKey, "hex")),
+        type: KeyType.k1
+      });
     }
     return null;
   },
@@ -44,9 +51,7 @@ export const plugin: IEosPlugin = {
 
   isValidSecret(secret: string): boolean {
     try {
-      const privateKey = plugin.checkPrivateKey(filterOx(secret));
-      const buffer = Buffer.from(privateKey, "hex");
-      const eosPrivateKey = wif.encode(128, buffer, false);
+      const eosPrivateKey = plugin.privateKeyToLegacyString(secret);
       return PrivateKey.fromString(eosPrivateKey).isValid() as boolean;
     } catch (_) {
       return false;
@@ -67,8 +72,7 @@ export const plugin: IEosPlugin = {
    * @returns signature string
    */
   sign(message: string, privateKey: string): string {
-    const buffer = Buffer.from(plugin.checkPrivateKey(filterOx(privateKey)), "hex");
-    const eosPrivateKey = wif.encode(128, buffer, false);
+    const eosPrivateKey = plugin.privateKeyToLegacyString(privateKey);
     const pk = PrivateKey.fromString(eosPrivateKey);
     return pk.sign(message).toString();
   },
diff --git a/src/minify-eosjs/eosjs-numeric.ts b/src/minify-eosjs/eosjs-numeric.ts
index f7a8ec0..e2344ae 100644
--- a/src/minify-eosjs/eosjs-numeric.ts
+++ b/src/minify-eosjs/eosjs-numeric.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
  */
 
 import { ripemd160 } from "@noble/hashes/ripemd160";
+import { sha256 } from "@noble/hashes/sha256";
 
 const base58Chars = "123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz";
 
@@ -260,3 +261,46 @@ export const signatureToString = (signature: Key): string => {
     throw new Error("unrecognized signature format");
   }
 };
+
+export const privateKeyToLegacyString = (key: Key): string => {
+  if (key.type === KeyType.k1 && key.data.length === privateKeyDataSize) {
+    const whole = [] as number[];
+    whole.push(128);
+    key.data.forEach((byte) => whole.push(byte));
+    const digest = new Uint8Array(
+      sha256
+        .create()
+        .update(
+          sha256
+            .create()
+            .update(Buffer.from(whole))
+            .digest()
+        )
+        .digest()
+    );
+
+    const result = new Uint8Array(privateKeyDataSize + 5);
+    for (let i = 0; i < whole.length; i++) {
+      result[i] = whole[i];
+    }
+    for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+      result[i + whole.length] = digest[i];
+    }
+    return binaryToBase58(result);
+  } else if (key.type === KeyType.r1 || key.type === KeyType.wa) {
+    throw new Error("Key format not supported in legacy conversion");
+  } else {
+    throw new Error("unrecognized public key format");
+  }
+};
+
+/** Convert `key` to string (base-58) form */
+export const privateKeyToString = (key: Key): string => {
+  if (key.type === KeyType.r1) {
+    return keyToString(key, "R1", "PVT_R1_");
+  } else if (key.type === KeyType.k1) {
+    return keyToString(key, "K1", "PVT_K1_");
+  } else {
+    throw new Error("unrecognized private key format");
+  }
+};
diff --git a/webpack.config.js b/webpack.config.js
index 53deccb..58e259f 100644
--- a/webpack.config.js
+++ b/webpack.config.js
@@ -15,10 +15,6 @@ const config = {
   target: "web",
   resolve: {
     extensions: [".js", ".ts"],
-    alias: {
-      "bn.js": path.resolve(__dirname, "node_modules/bn.js"),
-      "base-x": path.resolve(__dirname, "node_modules/base-x")
-    },
     fallback: {
       tls: false,
       net: false,
diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
index 43a56a8..aab9594 100644
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@@ -3188,25 +3188,6 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"bs58@npm:^5.0.0":
-  version: 5.0.0
-  resolution: "bs58@npm:5.0.0"
-  dependencies:
-    base-x: "npm:^4.0.0"
-  checksum: 0d1b05630b11db48039421b5975cb2636ae0a42c62f770eec257b2e5c7d94cb5f015f440785f3ec50870a6e9b1132b35bd0a17c7223655b22229f24b2a3491d1
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
-"bs58check@npm:^3.0.1":
-  version: 3.0.1
-  resolution: "bs58check@npm:3.0.1"
-  dependencies:
-    "@noble/hashes": "npm:^1.2.0"
-    bs58: "npm:^5.0.0"
-  checksum: a01f62351d17cea5f6607f75f6b4b79d3473d018c52f1dfa6f449751062bb079ebfd556ea81c453de657102ab8c5a6b78620161f21ae05f0e5a43543e0447700
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "bser@npm:2.1.1":
   version: 2.1.1
   resolution: "bser@npm:2.1.1"
@@ -5552,6 +5533,7 @@ __metadata:
     "@typescript-eslint/parser": "npm:^7.12.0"
     babel-jest: "npm:^29.7.0"
     babel-loader: "npm:^9.1.3"
+    base-x: "npm:^4.0.0"
     bip39: "npm:^3.0.4"
     bip44-constants: "npm:^123.0.0"
     bn.js: "npm:^5.2.1"
@@ -5589,7 +5571,6 @@ __metadata:
     webpack: "npm:^5.89.0"
     webpack-bundle-analyzer: "npm:^4.10.1"
     webpack-cli: "npm:^5.1.4"
-    wif: "npm:^4.0.0"
   languageName: unknown
   linkType: soft
 
@@ -8908,15 +8889,6 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"wif@npm:^4.0.0":
-  version: 4.0.0
-  resolution: "wif@npm:4.0.0"
-  dependencies:
-    bs58check: "npm:^3.0.1"
-  checksum: bc267d1eac5a29b62d8356cca28760411ab489d863cfcd622c64552b40e9c50e027f140ef969cb87a60b8cf817f044f86d8a9971a2c261b934abfe21de2c490e
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "wildcard@npm:^2.0.0":
   version: 2.0.1
   resolution: "wildcard@npm:2.0.1"