4.5-monkeys-foraging.nlogo

;; The MIT License (MIT)
;;
;; Copyright (c) 2011-24 David O'Sullivan and George Perry
;;
;; Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
;; obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
;; files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
;; including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
;; publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
;; and to  permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
;; subject to the following conditions:
;;
;; The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
;; in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
;;
;; THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
;; OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
;; FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
;; THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
;; LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
;; FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
;; DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
;;

breed [ trees tree ]
undirected-link-breed [ steps step ]
breed [ foragers forager ]

foragers-own [
  real_x       ;; to record actual x coord including 'wrapping' around torus
  real_y
  history-x    ;; list of the real_x coords
  history-y
  current-tree ;; the current tree
]

trees-own [
  yield
  near-trees
]

globals [
  lm ; log-normal parameters calculated from requested mean and standard deviations
  lv
  ls
  yields ;; of the walk
]

to setup
  clear-all
  ;r:setPlotDevice

  if use-seed? [ random-seed random-seed-value ]

  ;; calculate some parameters to set up a log-normal distribution
  set lv ln (1 + (sd-yield ^ 2) / (mean-yield ^ 2))
  set lm ln mean-yield - (lv / 2)
  set ls sqrt lv

  create-trees 5000 [
    setxy random-xcor random-ycor
    ifelse yield-distribution = "exponential"
    [ set yield random-exponential mean-yield ]
    [ set yield exp (lm + ls * random-normal 0 1) ]
    set size yield / mean-yield  ;; for display purposes
    set shape "circle 3"
    set color green - 2
  ]
  ask trees [
    set near-trees trees-on patches in-radius 10
  ]
  ask one-of trees with-min [distance patch (world-width / 2) (world-height / 2)] [
    set yields (list yield)
    set yield 0
    hatch 1 [
      set breed foragers
      set color white
      set current-tree myself
      set real_x xcor
      set real_y ycor
      set history-x (list real_x)
      set history-y (list real_y)
    ]
  ]
  reset-ticks
end

to go
  if ticks = 200 [
    size-rank-plot
    stop
  ]
  let target nobody
  ask foragers [
    let target-trees sort ([near-trees] of current-tree) with [yield > 0 and self != [current-tree] of myself]
    let targets map [ tgt -> list [distance myself / yield] of tgt tgt ] target-trees
    set targets sort-by [ [d-tgt1 d-tgt2] -> item 0 d-tgt1 < item 0 d-tgt2 ] targets
    set target item 1 item (random top-choices) targets
    ask target [
      create-step-with [current-tree] of myself [
        set color white
      ]
    ]
    set current-tree target
    face current-tree
    let d distance current-tree
    jump d
    set real_x real_x + (dx * d)
    set real_y real_y + (dy * d)
    set history-x lput real_x history-x
    set history-y lput real_y history-y
    ask current-tree [
      set yields lput yield yields
      set yield 0
    ]
  ]
  tick
end

to size-rank-plot
  clear-plot
  let data sort [link-length] of links
  let ranks reverse (range 1 (length data + 1))
  set-plot-x-range floor ln last ranks ceiling ln first ranks
  set-plot-y-range floor ln first data ceiling ln last data
  (foreach ranks data [ [rank dist] ->
      plotxy ln rank ln dist
  ])
end
@#$#@#$#@
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step
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PLOT
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step lengths
ln rank
ln distance
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"" ""
PENS
"default" 1.0 2 -16777216 true "" ""

SLIDER
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CHOOSER
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TEXTBOX
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Tree parameters
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TEXTBOX
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Note: there are always 5000 trees
11
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SWITCH
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use-seed?
use-seed?
1
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SLIDER
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random-seed-value
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NIL
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@#$#@#$#@
## WHAT IS IT?

This model is inspired by ideas in

+    Boyer D, Ramos-Fernández G, Miramontes O, Mateos JL, Cocho G, Larralde H, Ramos H and Rojas F 2006 Scale-free foraging by primates emerges from their interaction with a complex environment. _Proceedings of the Royal Society. Series B._ **273** 1743-1750.

and is discussed in detail in Chapter 4 of

+   O'Sullivan D and Perry GLW 2013 _Spatial Simulation: Exploring Pattern and Process_. Wiley, Chichester, England.

You should consult that book for more information and details of the model.

An alternative version of this model that requires the R-netlogo extension is available which provides better plots of the outcomes.

## HOW TO CITE

If you mention this model in a publication, please include these citations for the model itself and for NetLogo

+    Boyer D, Ramos-Fernández G, Miramontes O, Mateos JL, Cocho G, Larralde H, Ramos H and Rojas F 2006 Scale-free foraging by primates emerges from their interaction with a complex environment. _Proceedings of the Royal Society. Series B._ **273** 1743-1750.
+   O'Sullivan D and Perry GLW 2013 _Spatial Simulation: Exploring Pattern and Process_. Wiley, Chichester, England.
+   Wilensky U 1999 NetLogo. http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/. Center for Connected Learning and Computer-Based Modeling, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.

## COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

The MIT License (MIT)

Copyright &copy; 2011-24 David O'Sullivan and George Perry

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to  permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
@#$#@#$#@
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NetLogo 6.4.0
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