1.1-life.nlogo

;; The MIT License (MIT)
;;
;; Copyright (c) 2011-24 David O'Sullivan and George Perry
;;
;; Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
;; obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
;; files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
;; including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
;; publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
;; and to  permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
;; subject to the following conditions:
;;
;; The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
;; in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
;;
;; THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
;; OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
;; FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
;; THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
;; LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
;; FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
;; DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

;; extensions [r]

globals [
  gliders ;; a list of glider cell coordinates
]

patches-own [
  next-state ; the next state of the patch
  state ; current state of the patch
]

; setup model so that a proportion of the patches
; equal to the density are initially alive
to setup
  clear-all
  ;; r:setPlotDevice

  set gliders glider-patterns

  if use-seed? [random-seed 0]
  ask patches [
    ifelse (random-float 1 < density)
    [ set state 1 ]
    [ set state 0 ]
  ]
  update-patches
  reset-ticks
end

;; colour patches by their state
to update-patches
  ask patches [
    ifelse state = 1
    [ set pcolor black ]
    [ set pcolor white ]
  ]
end

to go
  update-states
  update-patches
  tick
end

;; patch updating code
;; note that all next-states have to be determined
;; before any are changed i.e. synchronous update
to update-states
  ask patches [
    set next-state 0; assume all patches will die
    ; count how many live neighbours of the patch
    let n sum [state] of neighbors

    ifelse state = 1 [ ; patch is alive
      ; stays alive with 2 or 3 live neighbours
      if n = 2 or n = 3 [ set next-state 1 ]
    ]
    [ ; patch is dead
      ; comes alive with 3 live neighbours
      if n = 3 [ set next-state 1 ]
    ]
  ]
  ;; now update all patches to the next-state determined
  ask patches [
    set state next-state
  ]
end

;; flip the state at the current mouse location
to flip-cell-states
  let x 0
  let y 0
  if mouse-down? [
    while [mouse-down?] [
      set x mouse-xcor
      set y mouse-ycor
    ]
    ask patch x y [
      set state 1 - state
    ]
    update-patches
    display
  ]
end

;; randomly make a glider at an empty spot
to make-glider
  ;; find an empty spot
  ask one-of patches with [sum [state] of neighbors + state = 0] [
    ;; pick a glider and set the states appropriately
    foreach one-of gliders [ xy ->
      ask patch-at item 0 xy item 1 xy [
        set state 1
      ]
    ]
  ]
  update-patches
  display
end

;; reports four lists of coordinate pairs which are
;; offset grid locations for gliders moving in each of
;; four possible directions (NE, NW, SW, SE)
to-report glider-patterns
  report (list
    (list [-1 1] [0 1] [1 1]  ;; NE
                       [1 0]
                 [0 -1])
    (list [-1 1] [0 1] [1 1]  ;; NW
          [-1 0]
                 [0 -1])
    (list        [0 1]        ;; SW
          [-1 0]
          [-1 -1] [0 -1] [1 -1])
    (list        [0 1]        ;; SE
                       [1 0]
          [-1 -1] [0 -1] [1 -1])
  )
end

;; R plotting code
;;to r-plot-world
;;  r:put "s" map [[state] of ?] sort patches
;;  r:put "nr" world-height
;;  r:put "nc" world-width
;;  r:eval("map <- matrix(s, ncol=nc, nrow=nr)")
;;  r:eval("image(map, asp=1, col=c('white','black'), axes=F)")
;;end
@#$#@#$#@
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ticks
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BUTTON
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setup
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BUTTON
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go
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SLIDER
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density
density
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SWITCH
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use-seed?
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BUTTON
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flip-cell-states
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OBSERVER
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BUTTON
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step
go
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OBSERVER
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BUTTON
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NIL
make-glider
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OBSERVER
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TEXTBOX
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Setting this switch produces the same output every time
11
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1

TEXTBOX
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Edit cells by clicking on them when this button is enabled.
11
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1

@#$#@#$#@
## WHAT IS IT?

This model is an implementation of Conway's game of life.  See:

+    Gardner M 1970 Mathematical games: the fantastic combinations of John Conway’s new solitaire game ‘life’. _Scientific American_ **223**, 120–123.

This is an example model referenced in Chapter 1 of

+   O'Sullivan D and Perry GLW 2013 _Spatial Simulation: Exploring Pattern and Process_. Wiley, Chichester, England.

You should consult that book for more information and details of the model.

## THINGS TO TRY

Most of the interface is self-explanatory, so just give it a try!

Of interest is the `make-glider` button which will randomly place a glider somewhere on the display.  To make best use of this, set the `density` to 0, then hit `setup` to clear the display.  Then use the `make-glider` button to create a glider and hit `go` to make it... uh... go!  Try making several gliders and colliding them to see what happens.

## THINGS TO NOTICE

Although the Game of Life is conceptually very simple, there are some tricks involved in implementation.

Most importantly, because cell state update occurs simultaneously across all cells, it is necessary for the NetLogo patches to keep track of both their current and next state.  This is accomplished by the `state` and `next-state` patch variables.

Also, cell states are stored as integer 0 ('dead') or 1 ('live') values.  This means it is easy to count live cells in neighbourhoods using the `sum` reporter.  It is also requires the `update-states` procedure to colour patches according to their current state.

The `make-glider` procedure makes use of a list of lists of coordinate offsets for each of the four possible glider orientations. One of these is selected at random and the offsets are used to 'draw' the chosen glider at a randomly selected patch location.

## HOW TO CITE

If you mention this model in a publication, please include these citations for the model itself and for NetLogo

+   O'Sullivan D and Perry GLW 2013 _Spatial Simulation: Exploring Pattern and Process_. Wiley, Chichester, England.
+   Wilensky U 1999 NetLogo. http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/. Center for Connected Learning and Computer-Based Modeling, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.

## COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

The MIT License (MIT)

Copyright &copy; 2011-24 David O'Sullivan and George Perry

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to  permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
@#$#@#$#@
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@#$#@#$#@
NetLogo 6.4.0
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