Implement Number64UintArray and tree_newTreeFromUint64Deltas

[twoeths]

Motivation

1. Since persistent-merkle-tree internally track HashObject, we want to use it directly instead of having intermediate Uint8Array
2. HashObject contains 8 32 bytes number which is suitable for serialize/deserialize uint
3. Instead of having to serialize/deserialize to apply a delta, like balances[i] = balances[i] + delta we want a method to apply delta directly to an item in BasicArrayType
4. New method to apply deltas and return a new tree, this is a convenient method for lodestar to process/apply rewards and penalties

Description

• New Number64UintType for 64 bit uint, this is better than `NumberUintType({byteLength: 8}) - performance test proved that
• Number64UintType works on HashObject instead of bytes, use it in Container and newly created Number64ListType
• Number64ListType: new tree_applyUint64Delta method, this is for lodestar decreaseBalance increaseBalance scenario
• Number64ListType: new tree_newTreeFromUint64Deltas, this is for lodestar processRewardsAndPenalties scenario

Closes #156

I applied this branch locally and got a better benchmark test result in lodestar (the result comes from different improvement, not only this PR)

#	master	new branch
beforeProcessEpoch	1.603897 s/op	697.9248 ms/op
processRewardsAndPenalties	704.3871 ms/op	138.6842 ms/op

Follow up work after this PR:

• Use gindexbitstring whenever possible
• Consider applying same strategy for BigIntUintType if bytelength = 8

[github-actions]

Performance Report

✔️ no performance regression detected

Full benchmark results

Benchmark suite	Current: 38cfc35	Previous: 0d95532	Ratio
Array - for of	7.6310 us/op	11.332 us/op	0.67
Array - for(;;)	7.2230 us/op	10.650 us/op	0.68
basicListValue.readonlyValues()	221.30 ms/op	229.65 ms/op	0.96
basicListValue.readonlyValuesArray()	196.15 ms/op	195.51 ms/op	1.00
basicListValue.readonlyValues() + iterate all	213.83 ms/op	216.67 ms/op	0.99
basicListValue.readonlyValuesArray() + loop all	208.70 ms/op	201.66 ms/op	1.03
compositeListValue.readonlyValues()	409.91 ms/op	390.38 ms/op	1.05
compositeListValue.readonlyValuesArray()	385.03 ms/op	352.71 ms/op	1.09
compositeListValue.readonlyValues() + iterate all	317.27 ms/op	292.31 ms/op	1.09
compositeListValue.readonlyValuesArray() + loop all	387.87 ms/op	362.15 ms/op	1.07
NumberUintType - get balances list	716.86 ms/op
Number64UintType - get balances list	484.83 ms/op
NumberUintType - set balances list	1.1431 s/op
Number64UintType - set balances list	991.05 ms/op
Number64UintType - get and increase 10 then set	1.3697 s/op
Number64UintType - increase 10 using applyDelta	562.71 ms/op
tree_newTreeFromUint64Deltas	47.635 ms/op
unsafeUint8ArrayToTree	52.683 ms/op
Container {a,b,vec} - as struct x100000	69.125 us/op	61.997 us/op	1.11
Container {a,b,vec} - as tree x100000	111.17 ms/op	105.37 ms/op	1.05
Container {a,vec,b} - as struct x100000	93.005 us/op	94.094 us/op	0.99
Container {a,vec,b} - as tree x100000	103.32 ms/op	102.73 ms/op	1.01
Simple object binary -> struct	1.9850 us/op	2.1700 us/op	0.91
Simple object binary -> tree_backed	2.5220 us/op	2.4260 us/op	1.04
Simple object struct -> tree_backed	1.9140 us/op	1.8810 us/op	1.02
Simple object tree_backed -> struct	2.2310 us/op	2.3040 us/op	0.97
Simple object struct -> binary	2.1060 us/op	2.0280 us/op	1.04
Simple object tree_backed -> binary	3.9310 us/op	3.6710 us/op	1.07
aggregationBits binary -> struct	38.057 us/op	36.693 us/op	1.04
aggregationBits binary -> tree_backed	2.4400 us/op	2.2450 us/op	1.09
aggregationBits struct -> tree_backed	6.1160 us/op	5.2100 us/op	1.17
aggregationBits tree_backed -> struct	79.406 us/op	75.175 us/op	1.06
aggregationBits struct -> binary	4.3420 us/op	4.0150 us/op	1.08
aggregationBits tree_backed -> binary	5.5750 us/op	5.4260 us/op	1.03
List(BigInt) 1000 binary -> struct	399.53 us/op	394.70 us/op	1.01
List(BigInt) 1000 binary -> tree_backed	289.84 us/op	267.75 us/op	1.08
List(BigInt) 1000 struct -> tree_backed	324.25 us/op	284.83 us/op	1.14
List(BigInt) 1000 tree_backed -> struct	969.36 us/op	1.0120 ms/op	0.96
List(BigInt) 1000 struct -> binary	207.82 us/op	203.08 us/op	1.02
List(BigInt) 1000 tree_backed -> binary	51.657 us/op	47.752 us/op	1.08
List(BigInt) 10000 binary -> struct	3.9748 ms/op	3.9348 ms/op	1.01
List(BigInt) 10000 binary -> tree_backed	2.7012 ms/op	2.6522 ms/op	1.02
List(BigInt) 10000 struct -> tree_backed	2.8994 ms/op	2.7230 ms/op	1.06
List(BigInt) 10000 tree_backed -> struct	9.7723 ms/op	9.7461 ms/op	1.00
List(BigInt) 10000 struct -> binary	2.0094 ms/op	1.9471 ms/op	1.03
List(BigInt) 10000 tree_backed -> binary	377.69 us/op	381.39 us/op	0.99
List(BigInt) 100000 binary -> struct	47.173 ms/op	48.115 ms/op	0.98
List(BigInt) 100000 binary -> tree_backed	39.303 ms/op	40.694 ms/op	0.97
List(BigInt) 100000 struct -> tree_backed	38.638 ms/op	39.100 ms/op	0.99
List(BigInt) 100000 tree_backed -> struct	116.29 ms/op	120.95 ms/op	0.96
List(BigInt) 100000 struct -> binary	22.412 ms/op	20.790 ms/op	1.08
List(BigInt) 100000 tree_backed -> binary	4.6259 ms/op	4.8085 ms/op	0.96
struct - increase slot to 1000000	2.6528 ms/op	2.6810 ms/op	0.99
NumberUintType - increase slot to 1000000	1.3482 s/op	1.3898 s/op	0.97
Number64UintType - increase slot to 1000000	497.29 ms/op

by benchmarkbot/action

[dapplion]

Looks really good! Just some minor comments

[dapplion]

🔥

[wemeetagain]

I pushed a commit on top, let me know what you think. I'd like to add methods to serialize/deserialize from HashObject for all BasicType s eventually (Mainly will be applicable to BooleanType). Ideally, the HashObject path should be taken when eg: validators[i].slashed is checked or set.

Here's a list of things changed:

• Add optional tree_* hash object methods to BasicType - this lets us check for the existence of the method instead of using FieldInfo.isNumber64Type, useful for the scenario above
• Remove FieldInfo.isNumber64Type
• Remove separate number64_* functions - we can always split these out if we use them in multiple places
• Rename applyDeltas methods - remove the word Uint64 from these methods

[twoeths]

I pushed a commit on top, let me know what you think. I'd like to add methods to serialize/deserialize from HashObject for all BasicType s eventually (Mainly will be applicable to BooleanType). Ideally, the HashObject path should be taken when eg: validators[i].slashed is checked or set.

Here's a list of things changed:

• Add optional tree_* hash object methods to BasicType - this lets us check for the existence of the method instead of using FieldInfo.isNumber64Type, useful for the scenario above
• Remove FieldInfo.isNumber64Type
• Remove separate number64_* functions - we can always split these out if we use them in multiple places
• Rename applyDeltas methods - remove the word Uint64 from these methods

Thanks @wemeetagain for all of this 👍