ch5tut20alt.lyx

#LyX 2.0 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
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\begin_body

\begin_layout Section
Tutorial 20 
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

Adding User Comments to Models
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Flex Emph
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
By Kevin Potter
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection*
Tutorial Application:  
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
comments_recipe
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Say you're developing some big social site with a ton of different models
 that 
\begin_inset Flex Emph
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
all
\end_layout

\end_inset

 need to have comments.
 The question is, how can we do this so we don't have to repeat any code?
 Also, how can we make it so that adding it to a new model is easy when
 that happens down the road?
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Let's see what sort of requirements we have:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Comments will come from a signed in user and be attached to them
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Comments should be able to be attached to 
\begin_inset Flex Emph
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
any
\end_layout

\end_inset

 model now or down the road
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Guests can't comment but can see comments
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Users can't edit or delete their comments but admins can
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There's several different potential approaches but we'll go with 
\begin_inset Flex Emph
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
polymorphism
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 The comments model will have a polymorphic association
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
polymorphic associations
\end_layout

\end_inset

 to the parent, the one that 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
has_many :comments
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
So, let's start with a blank app.
\end_layout

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\begin_layout Code
> hobo new comment_test_app
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
After, we'll need a run of the mill Post model for testing.
\end_layout

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\begin_layout Code
> cd comment_test_app
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
> hobo g resource Post subject:string body:text
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
> hobo g migration
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection*
The Model
\end_layout

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\begin_layout Code
hobo g resource Comment
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Now, let's set the fields and the association up in in the model file, 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
app/models/comment.rb
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\begin_layout Code
class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
  hobo_model # Don't put anything above this
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code

\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
  fields do
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
    body :text, :required
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
    timestamps
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
  end
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code

\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
  belongs_to :commentable, :polymorphic => true
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
  belongs_to :owner, :class_name => "User", 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
      :creator => true
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code

\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
 set_default_order "created_at desc"
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code

\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
  ...
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
end
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Fairly standard stuff here except the 
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status collapsed

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:polymorphic => true
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status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
:polymorphic => true
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset

 bit.
 This is actually from rails, but really can shine with some DRYML magic
 attached.
 What this does, once you migrate, is adds a 'type' column to the comments
 table in addition to the standard commentable_id column.
 Now, when you attach a comment to another model, in addition to the model's
 id, it also stores the type (id on it's own is not enough to guarantee
 finding the right model with a polymorphic association).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

How does one setup the other side of the association though?
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 you might ask.
 That's the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
:commentable
\end_layout

\end_inset

 part.
 To add the comments association to another model you just add:
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has_many :comments, :as => :commentable
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

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\begin_layout Description
Note: It doesn't have to be comments but for our example, it's going to
 be a requirement for proper activation in the code.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
So, let's run that migration:
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\begin_layout Code
hobo g migration
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\begin_layout Standard
Also, we have an owner for each comment, which is actually a User.
 The 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
:creator => true
\end_layout

\end_inset

 flag takes care of setting the owner association as the current_user when
 creating a comment.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Let's go ahead and take care of the permissions while we're thinking about
 the model:
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\begin_layout Code
# --- Permissions --- #
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code

\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
def create_permitted?
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
  owner_is? acting_user
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
end
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
We don't need to change the other permissions as they're already what we
 want (only admins can edit or delete comments).
 Here, we're using a helper method from the permissions system, 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed

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owner_is?
\end_layout

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owner_is?
\end_layout

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, which is letting us bypass loading the owner model (if we did 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

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owner == acting_user
\end_layout

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, it'd load the owner association unnecessarily) or having the less clear
 code of 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
owner_id == acting_user.id
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 Also, by having it so that the only allowed creation is when the owner
 is the acting_user, Rapid will remove the owner selector from the form.
 Pretty slick.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection*
The Controller
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
True to Hobo style, we're just popping in the comment controller to take
 out the unneeded actions changing:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
app/controllers/comments_controller.rb
\end_layout

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position "t"
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auto_actions :all
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\begin_layout Standard
to
\end_layout

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\begin_layout Code
auto_actions :write_only
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\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
We'll be embedding the very simple comment form in our commentable's show-page,
 but I'm getting ahead of myself.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection*
The Target(s)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Now add 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
has_many :comments, :as => :commentable
\end_layout

\end_inset

 to both the Post and User model.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
We don't need to migrate as there's no new columns on either Post or User.
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\begin_layout Description
Note: If you doing this on an existing app, you can add this to any model
 you want to be commentable.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection*
The View
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
We have the data side setup but no way of adding comments or seeing them
 currently.
 Let's remedy that.
 In 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
app/views/taglibs/application.dryml
\end_layout

\end_inset

 add this extension:
\end_layout

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\begin_layout Code
<extend tag="show-page">
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
  <old-show-page merge>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
    <append-content-body:>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
      <do:comments if="&this.respond_to? :comments">
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
        <h4 param="comment-header">Comments</h4>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
        <collection part="comments-collection" />
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
        <h5 param="comment-form-label">
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
          Add a comment
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
        </h5>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
        <form with="&this.user_new(current_user)"
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
         update="comments-collection" reset-form param >
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
          <field-list: skip="commentable"
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
             without-body-label />
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
        </form>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
      </do>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
    </append-content-body:>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
  </old-show-page>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
</extend>
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
That's a lot to take in there, but let's break it down.
 First, we're extending the show-page.
 Since we're not targetting a particular model's show-page (with the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
for
\end_layout

\end_inset

 attribute) this is modifying the show-page that 
\begin_inset Flex Emph
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
every
\end_layout

\end_inset

 model's show-page is defined against.
 So, we'll see the next part inside the end of the content-body 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
param
\end_layout

\end_inset

 on every page...
 if, it responds to the comments method.
\end_layout

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position "t"
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status open

\begin_layout Code
<do:comments if=
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

&this.respond_to? :comments
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

>
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
So, this switches context to comments if the current context (
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
this
\end_layout

\end_inset

) has a 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
comments
\end_layout

\end_inset

 method, which the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
has_many :comments
\end_layout

\end_inset

 provides.
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\begin_layout Standard
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position "t"
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height_special "totalheight"
status open

\begin_layout Description
Note: We couldn't just use an 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
if:comments
\end_layout

\end_inset

 shortcut since 
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status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
if
\end_layout

\end_inset

 tests for 
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
blankness
\end_layout

\end_inset

, not 
\begin_inset Flex Emph
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
response
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 We need the form to be visible even if there are no comments.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The header is pretty standard with an added 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
param
\end_layout

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 call so if need be it can be changed on specific pages.
 Unfortunately we can't add param on the next line:
\end_layout

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height_special "totalheight"
status open

\begin_layout Code
<collection part=
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

comments-collection
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 />
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
We're defining the collection as a 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
part
\begin_inset Index idx
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
DRYML parts
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 A 
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status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
part
\end_layout

\end_inset

 is a way to mark content for later update via AJAX callbacks.
 Since it's using the current definition to make a javascript updatable
 piece, you can't have the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
param
\end_layout

\end_inset

 flexibility with parts like you do with other dryml content.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The form:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
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has_inner_box 1
inner_pos "t"
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height_special "totalheight"
status open

\begin_layout Code
<form with=
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

&this.user_new(current_user)
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
         update=
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

comments-collection
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 reset-form>
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The with, creates a new comment (unsaved) using the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
current_user
\end_layout

\end_inset

 as the owner.
 The 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
update
\end_layout

\end_inset

 attribute, tells the form what 
\begin_inset Flex Emph
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
DOM id
\end_layout

\end_inset

 (
\begin_inset Flex Emph
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
not part name
\end_layout

\end_inset

 which can be confusing as they're usually the same) to stick the updated
 content.
 The last bit, tells it to reset the form to a blank state after successful
 submission.
\end_layout

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height_special "totalheight"
status open

\begin_layout Code
<field-list: skip=
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

commentable
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 without-body-label />
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
We didn't want the body label since it's only the one field.
 Also, because the commentable field isn't your standard fields, it breaks
 the standard dryml form trying to render them.
 We only need the body input anyway.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
placement h
wide false
sideways false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\noindent
\align center
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename figures/ch5/comment_form.png
	width 100col%

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Caption

\begin_layout Plain Layout
The comment form
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
wide false
sideways false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\noindent
\align center
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename figures/ch5/comment_added.png
	width 100col%

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Caption

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Comment posted
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Wow, almost there...
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection*
The Card
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
We just need to update the comment card so that it shows the appropriate
 information in a more logical layout.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Box Shadowbox
position "t"
hor_pos "c"
has_inner_box 1
inner_pos "t"
use_parbox 0
use_makebox 0
width "100col%"
special "none"
height "1in"
height_special "totalheight"
status open

\begin_layout Code
<extend tag="card" for="Comment">
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
  <old-card merge>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
    <creator-link: replace>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
      <h5><a:owner><You /></a>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
        posted at <view:created_at />
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
      </h5>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
    </creator-link:>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
  </old-card>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
</extend>
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
wide false
sideways false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename figures/ch5/comment_card.png
	width 100col%

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Caption

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Updated comment card
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Notice too that we already have comments on user pages from this as well.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
wide false
sideways false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
	filename figures/ch5/comment_user_page.png
	width 100col%

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Caption

\begin_layout Plain Layout
User page comments
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection*
In Closing
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
As you add new models, you can add comment support simply by declaring that
 the model 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
has_many :comments, :as => :commentable
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 No view/controller changes required!
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There's still room for improvement but I'll leave that up to you.
 Some suggestions:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Change the date format
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Add a summary of a User's comments with links to the commented items on
 the user page and perhaps even snippets of the item.
 Here, DRYML's support for polymorphic tags can make the creation of a mixed
 model collection easy.
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
Remember, our comments are polymorphic themselves and can be attached to
 
\begin_inset Flex Emph
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
any model
\end_layout

\end_inset

 so a list of commented upon items can be different models.
 This isn't a big deal though as you can pass a mixed collection to the
 
\begin_inset Flex Code
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
<collection>
\end_layout

\end_inset

 tag and it will render the appropriate card for each.
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
Add avatar support (hint: it's quite simple with the gravatar tag.)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
We didn't put in edit support for admins yet (hint: think controller)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
The point it's inserting the comment list and form is potentially problematic
 depending on what other customizations you have on any particular show-page
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Think about how this design pattern could be used elsewhere.
 Personally I've used something similar with tags, categories and ratings.
 And don't forget you can use multipage conditional additions/replacements
 with lifecycle transitions (and any model 
\begin_inset Flex Code
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
method
\end_layout

\end_inset

 really).
 Such as by replacing delete buttons with a lifecycle link on edit-pages
 when something like a 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
merge_and_delete
\end_layout

\end_inset

 transition is available on the current context.
\end_layout

\end_body
\end_document