transformation.py

from __future__ import absolute_import

import ast
import base64
import os

import six.moves.urllib.error
import six.moves.urllib.parse
import six.moves.urllib.request
from pyparsing import *
from six.moves import range

from .utility import MalleableError, MalleableObject, MalleableUtil

# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
# TRANSFORMATION
#
# Defining the model through which arbitrary data can undergo
# reversable transformations.
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #


class Transform(MalleableObject):
    """A class housing the arbitrary functionality of a reversable transformation.

    Attributes:
        type (int): Type of Transform to implement.
        arg (str): Argument to pass to the implementation.

    Functions:
        transform (func): Execute the forward transformation on an arbitrary string.
            Args:
                data (str): The data to be transformed.
            Returns:
                str: The transformed data.
        transform_r (func): Execute the reverse transformation on an arbitrary string.
            Args:
                data (str): The data to be transformed.
            Returns:
                str: The transformed data.
        generate_python (func): Generate the python code that would execute the
            transformation on an arbitrary string using the given variable name.
            Args:
                var (str): The variable name to be used in the code.
            Returns:
                str: The python code that would execute the transformation on an arbitrary
                    string.
        generate_python_r (func): Generate the python code that would execute the
            reverse transformation on an arbitrary string using the given variable name.
            Args:
                var (str): The variable name to be used in the code.
            Returns:
                str: The python code that would execute the reverse transformation on an
                    arbitrary string.
        generate_powershell (func): Generate the powershell code that would execute the
            transformation on an arbitrary string using the given variable name.
            Args:
                var (str): The variable name to be used in the code.
            Returns:
                str: The powershell code that would execute the transformation on an arbitrary
                    string.
        generate_powershell_r (func): Generating the powershell code that would
            execute the reverse transformation on an arbitrary string using the given variable name.
            Args:
                var (str): The variable name to be used in the code.
            Returns:
                str: The powershell code that would execute the reverse transformation on an
                    arbitrary string.
    """

    NONE = 0
    APPEND = 1
    BASE64 = 2
    BASE64URL = 3
    MASK = 4
    NETBIOS = 5
    NETBIOSU = 6
    PREPEND = 7

    def __init__(self, type=0, arg=None):
        """Constructor for a Transform object.

        Args:
            type (int, optional): Choose the type of Transform to implement.
            arg (str, optional): Argument to pass to the implementation.
        """
        self.type = type
        self.arg = arg
        super(Transform, self).__init__()

    def _defaults(self):
        """Default initialization for the Transform object."""
        super(Transform, self)._defaults()
        self.apply_transform(self.type, self.arg)

    def _clone(self):
        """Deep copy of a Transform object.

        Returns:
            Transform object
        """
        new = super(Transform, self)._clone()
        new.type = self.type
        new.arg = self.arg
        new.apply_transform(new.type, new.arg)
        return new

    def _serialize(self):
        """Serialize the Transform object.

        Returns:
            dict (str, obj)
        """
        return dict(
            list(super(Transform, self)._serialize().items())
            + list(
                {
                    "type": self.type,
                    "arg": self.arg
                    if self.type != Transform.MASK
                    else MalleableUtil.to_hex(self.arg[0]),
                }.items()
            )
        )

    @classmethod
    def _deserialize(cls, data):
        """Deserialize data into a Transform object.

        Args:
            dict (str, obj): Serialized data (json)

        Returns:
            Transform object
        """
        transform = super(Transform, cls)._deserialize(data)
        if data:
            transform.type = data["type"] if "type" in data else Transform.NONE
            transform.arg = (
                (
                    data["arg"]
                    if transform.type != Transform.MASK
                    else MalleableUtil.from_hex(data["arg"])
                )
                if "arg" in data
                else None
            )
            transform.apply_transform(transform.type, transform.arg)
        return transform

    @classmethod
    def _pattern(cls):
        """Define the pattern to recognize a Transform object while parsing a file.

        Returns:
            pyparsing object
        """
        return (
            Group(Literal("append") + cls.VALUE)
            | Group(Literal("base64url"))
            | Group(Literal("base64"))
            | Group(Literal("mask"))
            | Group(Literal("netbiosu"))
            | Group(Literal("netbios"))
            | Group(Literal("prepend") + cls.VALUE)
        ) + cls.SEMICOLON

    def apply_transform(self, type, arg):
        """Apply the appropriate transformation to the Transform object.

        Args:
            type (int): Type of Transform to implement.
            arg (str): Argument to pass to the implementation.
        """
        if type == Transform.APPEND:
            self._append(arg)
        elif type == Transform.BASE64:
            self._base64()
        elif type == Transform.BASE64URL:
            self._base64url()
        elif type == Transform.MASK:
            self._mask(arg)
        elif type == Transform.NETBIOS:
            self._netbios()
        elif type == Transform.NETBIOSU:
            self._netbiosu()
        elif type == Transform.PREPEND:
            self._prepend(arg)
        else:
            self._none()

    def _none(self):
        """Configure the `none` Transform, which does nothing."""
        self.transform = (lambda data: data,)
        self.transform_r = (lambda data: data,)
        self.generate_python = (lambda var: "",)
        self.generate_python_r = (lambda var: "",)
        self.generate_powershell = (lambda var: "",)
        self.generate_powershell_r = lambda var: ""

    def _append(self, string):
        """Configure the `append` Transform, which appends a static string to an arbitrary input.

        Args:
            string (str): The static string to be appended.

        Raises:
            MalleableError: If `string` is null.
        """
        if string is None:
            MalleableError.throw(
                Transform.__class__, "append", "string argument must not be null"
            )

        self.transform = lambda data: append_transform(string, data)
        self.transform_r = lambda data: append_transform_r(string, data)

        def append_transform(string, data):
            if isinstance(string, str):
                try:
                    string = string.encode("latin-1")
                except UnicodeEncodeError:
                    string = string.encode("utf-8")
            if isinstance(data, str):
                data = data.encode("latin-1")
            r = data + string
            return r

        def append_transform_r(string, data):
            if isinstance(string, str):
                try:
                    string = string.encode("latin-1")
                except UnicodeEncodeError:
                    string = string.encode("utf-8")
            if isinstance(data, str):
                data = data.encode("latin-1")
            return data[: -len(string)]

        self.generate_python = lambda var: "%(var)s+=b'%(string)s'\n" % {
            "var": var,
            "string": string,
        }
        self.generate_python_r = lambda var: "%(var)s=%(var)s[:-%(len)i]\n" % {
            "var": var,
            "len": len(string),
        }
        self.generate_powershell = lambda var: "%(var)s+='%(string)s';" % {
            "var": var,
            "string": string,
        }
        self.generate_powershell_r = (
            lambda var: "%(var)s=%(var)s.Substring(0,%(var)s.Length-%(len)i);"
            % {"var": var, "len": len(string)}
        )

    def _base64(self):
        """Configure the `base64` Transform, which base64 encodes an arbitrary input."""
        self.transform = lambda data: base64.b64encode(data)
        self.transform_r = lambda data: base64.b64decode(data)
        self.generate_python = lambda var: "%(var)s=base64.b64encode(%(var)s)\n" % {
            "var": var
        }
        self.generate_python_r = lambda var: "%(var)s=base64.b64decode(%(var)s)\n" % {
            "var": var
        }
        self.generate_powershell = (
            lambda var: "%(var)s=[Convert]::ToBase64String([System.Text.Encoding]::Default.GetBytes(%(var)s));"
            % {"var": var}
        )
        self.generate_powershell_r = (
            lambda var: "%(var)s=[System.Text.Encoding]::Default.GetString([System.Convert]::FromBase64String(%(var)s));"
            % {"var": var}
        )

    def _base64url(self):
        """Configure the `base64url` Transform, which base64 encodes an arbitary input using url-safe characters."""
        self.transform = lambda data: base64url_transform(data)
        self.transform_r = lambda data: base64url_transform_r(data)

        def base64url_transform(data):
            if isinstance(data, str):
                data = data.encode("latin-1")
            r = six.moves.urllib.parse.quote(base64.b64encode(data))
            return r.encode("Latin-1")

        def base64url_transform_r(data):
            if isinstance(data, str):
                data = data.encode("latin-1")
            # Fix missing padding issue (Error parsing routing packet not fixed)
            missing_padding = len(data) % 4
            if missing_padding:
                data += b"=" * (4 - missing_padding)
            r = base64.b64decode(six.moves.urllib.parse.unquote_to_bytes(data))
            return r

        self.generate_python = (
            lambda var: "%(var)s=urllib.parse.quote(base64.b64encode(%(var)s)).encode('UTF-8')\n"
            % {"var": var}
        )
        self.generate_python_r = (
            lambda var: "%(var)s=base64.b64decode(urllib.parse.unquote(%(var)s))\n"
            % {"var": var}
        )
        self.generate_powershell = (
            lambda var: "Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Web;%(var)s=[System.Web.HttpUtility]::UrlEncode([System.Convert]::ToBase64string([System.Text.Encoding]::Default.GetBytes(%(var)s)));"
            % {"var": var}
        )
        self.generate_powershell_r = (
            lambda var: "Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Web;%(var)s=[System.Text.Encoding]::Default.GetString([System.Convert]::FromBase64String([System.Web.HttpUtility]::UrlDecode(%(var)s)));"
            % {"var": var}
        )

    def _mask(self, key):
        """Configure the `mask` Transform, which encodes an arbitrary input using the XOR operation
        and a random key.

        Args:
            key (str): The key with which to encode / decode.

        Raises:
            MalleableError: If `key` is null or empty.
        """
        if isinstance(key, str):
            key = bytearray.fromhex(key).decode()
            key = key.encode("latin-1")

        if not key:
            MalleableError.throw(
                Transform.__class__, "mask", "key argument must not be empty"
            )
        self.transform = lambda data: mask_transform(data, key)

        def mask_transform(data, key):
            if isinstance(data, str):
                data = data.encode("latin-1")
            r = "".join([chr(c ^ key[0]) for c in data])
            return r.encode("Latin-1")

        self.transform_r = self.transform
        self.generate_python = (
            lambda var: "f_ord=int;%(var)s=''.join([chr(f_ord(_)^%(key)s) for _ in %(var)s])\n"
            % {"key": ord(key[0]), "var": var}
        )
        self.generate_python_r = self.generate_python
        self.generate_powershell = (
            lambda var: "%(var)s=[System.Text.Encoding]::Default.GetString($(for($_=0;$_ -lt %(var)s.length;$_++){[System.Text.Encoding]::Default.GetBytes(%(var)s)[$_] -bxor %(key)s}));"
            % {"key": key[0], "var": var}
        )
        self.generate_powershell_r = self.generate_powershell

    def _netbios(self):
        """Configure the `netbios` Transform, which encodes an arbitrary input using the lower-case
        netbios algorithm."""
        self.transform = lambda data: netbios_transform(data)
        self.transform_r = lambda data: netbios_transform_r(data)
        self.generate_python = (
            lambda var: "%(var)s = ''.join([chr((c >> 4) + 0x61)+chr((c & 0xF) + 0x61) for c in %(var)s])\n"
            % {"var": var}
        )
        self.generate_python_r = (
            lambda var: "%(var)s = ''.join([chr(((%(var)s[c] - 0x61) << 4) | ((%(var)s[c+1] - 0x61 ) & 0xF)) for c in range(0, len(%(var)s), 2)])\n"
            % {"var": var}
        )
        self.generate_powershell = lambda var: netbios_powershell(var)
        self.generate_powershell_r = lambda var: netbios_powershell_r(var)

        def netbios_transform(data):
            if isinstance(data, str):
                data = data.encode("latin-1")
            r = "".join([chr((c >> 4) + 0x61) + chr((c & 0xF) + 0x61) for c in data])
            return r.encode("latin-1")

        def netbios_transform_r(data):
            if isinstance(data, str):
                data = data.encode("latin-1")
            try:
                r = "".join(
                    [
                        chr(((data[i] - 0x61) << 4) | ((data[i + 1] - 0x61) & 0xF))
                        for i in range(0, len(data), 2)
                    ]
                )
                return r.encode("latin-1")
            except ValueError:
                return b""

        def netbios_powershell(var):
            return (
                "$data2=[System.Text.Encoding]::Default.GetBytes(%(var)s);%(var)s=[System.Text.Encoding]::Default.GetString($(for($i=0;$i -lt %(var)s.Length;$i++){($data2[$i] -shr 4)+97;($data2[$i] -band 15)+97;}));"
                % {"var": var}
            )

        def netbios_powershell_r(var):
            return (
                "$data2=[System.Text.Encoding]::Default.GetBytes(%(var)s);%(var)s=[System.Text.Encoding]::Default.GetString($(for($i=0;$i -lt %(var)s.Length;$i+=2){($data2[$i]-97 -shl 4) -bor ($data2[$i+1]-97 -band 15);}));"
                % {"var": var}
            )

    def _netbiosu(self):
        """Configure the `netbiosu` Transform, which encodes an arbitrary input using the upper-case
        netbios algorithm."""
        self.transform = lambda data: netbiosu_transform(data)
        self.transform_r = lambda data: netbiosu_transform_r(data)
        self.generate_python = (
            lambda var: "f_ord=int;%(var)s=''.join([chr((f_ord(_)>>4)+0x41)+chr((f_ord(_)&0xF)+0x41) for _ in %(var)s])\n"
            % {"var": var}
        )
        self.generate_python_r = (
            lambda var: "f_ord=int;%(var)s=''.join([chr(((f_ord(%(var)s[_])-0x41)<<4)|((f_ord(%(var)s[_+1])-0x41)&0xF)) for _ in range(0,len(%(var)s),2)])\n"
            % {"var": var}
        )
        self.generate_powershell = lambda var: netbiosu_powershell(var)
        self.generate_powershell_r = lambda var: netbiosu_powershell_r(var)

        def netbiosu_transform(data):
            if isinstance(data, str):
                data = data.encode("latin-1")
            r = "".join([chr((c >> 4) + 0x41) + chr((c & 0xF) + 0x41) for c in data])
            return r.encode("latin-1")

        def netbiosu_transform_r(data):
            if isinstance(data, str):
                data = data.encode("latin-1")
            r = "".join(
                [
                    chr(((data[i] - 0x41) << 4) | ((data[i + 1] - 0x41) & 0xF))
                    for i in range(0, len(data), 2)
                ]
            )
            return r.encode("latin-1")

        def netbiosu_powershell(var):
            return (
                "$data2=[System.Text.Encoding]::Default.GetBytes(%(var)s);%(var)s=[System.Text.Encoding]::Default.GetString($(for($i=0;$i -lt %(var)s.Length;$i++){($data2[$i] -shr 4)+65;($data2[$i] -band 15)+65;}));"
                % {"var": var}
            )

        def netbiosu_powershell_r(var):
            return (
                "$data2=[System.Text.Encoding]::Default.GetBytes(%(var)s);%(var)s=[System.Text.Encoding]::Default.GetString($(for($i=0;$i -lt %(var)s.Length;$i+=2){($data2[$i]-65 -shl 4) -bor ($data2[$i+1]-65 -band 15);}));"
                % {"var": var}
            )

    def _prepend(self, string):
        """Configure the `prepend` Transform, which prepends a static string to an arbitrary input.

        Args:
            string (str): The static string to be prepended.

        Raises:
            MalleableError: If `string` is null.
        """
        if string is None:
            MalleableError.throw(
                Transform.__class__, "prepend", "string argument must not be null"
            )

        self.transform = lambda data: prepend_transform(string, data)
        self.transform_r = lambda data: prepend_transform_r(string, data)

        def prepend_transform(string, data):
            if isinstance(string, str):
                try:
                    string = string.encode("latin-1")
                except UnicodeError:
                    string = string.encode("utf-8")
            if isinstance(data, str):
                data = data.encode("latin-1")
            r = string + data
            return r

        def prepend_transform_r(string, data):
            if isinstance(string, str):
                try:
                    string = string.encode("latin-1")
                except UnicodeError:
                    string = string.encode("utf-8")
            if isinstance(data, str):
                data = data.encode("latin-1")
            return data[len(string) :]

        self.generate_python = lambda var: "%(var)s=b'%(string)s'+%(var)s\n" % {
            "var": var,
            "string": string,
        }
        self.generate_python_r = lambda var: "%(var)s=%(var)s[%(len)i:]\n" % {
            "var": var,
            "len": len(string),
        }
        self.generate_powershell = lambda var: "%(var)s='%(string)s'+%(var)s;" % {
            "var": var,
            "string": string,
        }
        self.generate_powershell_r = (
            lambda var: "%(var)s=%(var)s.substring(%(len)i,%(var)s.Length-%(len)i);"
            % {"var": var, "len": len(string)}
        )


class Terminator(MalleableObject):
    """A class housing the arbitrary functionality of a reversable data storage mechanism.

    The Terminator defines where data is stored after completing a Transform sequence and where
    to retrieve data before starting a reverse Transform sequence.

    Attributes:
        type (int): Type of Terminator to implement.
        arg (str): Argument to pass to the implementation.
    """

    NONE = 0
    PRINT = 1
    HEADER = 2
    PARAMETER = 3
    URIAPPEND = 4

    def __init__(self, type=1, arg=None):
        """Constructor for a Terminator object

        Args:
            type (int, optional): Type of Terminator to implement.
            arg (str, optional): Argument to pass to the implementation.
        """
        self.type = type
        self.arg = arg
        super(Terminator, self).__init__()

    def _clone(self):
        """Deep copy of a Terminator object.

        Returns:
            Terminator
        """
        new = super(Terminator, self)._clone()
        new.type = self.type
        new.arg = self.arg
        return new

    def _serialize(self):
        """Serialize the Terminator object.

        Returns:
            dict (str, obj)
        """
        return dict(
            list(super(Terminator, self)._serialize().items())
            + list({"type": self.type, "arg": self.arg}.items())
        )

    @classmethod
    def _deserialize(cls, data):
        """Deserialize data into a Terminator object.

        Args:
            dict (str, obj): Serialized data (json)

        Returns:
            Terminator object
        """
        terminator = super(Terminator, cls)._deserialize(data)
        if data:
            terminator.type = data["type"] if "type" in data else Terminator.NONE
            terminator.arg = data["arg"] if "arg" in data else None
        return terminator

    @classmethod
    def _pattern(cls):
        """Define the pattern to recognize a Terminator object while parsing a file.

        Returns:
            pyparsing object
        """
        return (
            Group(Literal("header") + cls.VALUE)
            | Group(Literal("parameter") + cls.VALUE)
            | Group(Literal("print"))
            | Group(Literal("uri-append"))
        ) + cls.SEMICOLON


class Container(MalleableObject):
    """A class housing a sequence of Transforms.

    Once initialized, a Container object can be used in the following ways:
        - Add a Transform to the existing sequence.
        - Assign a Terminator to the Transform sequence.
        - Execute the sequence of Transforms.

    Attributes:
        transforms (list (Transform))
        terminator (Terminator)
    """

    def _defaults(self):
        """Default initialization for the Container object."""
        super(Container, self)._defaults()
        self.transforms = []
        self.terminator = Terminator()

    def _clone(self):
        """Deep copy of the Container object.

        Returns:
            Container
        """
        new = super(Container, self)._clone()
        new.transforms = [t._clone() for t in self.transforms]
        new.terminator = self.terminator._clone()
        return new

    def _serialize(self):
        """Serialize the Container object.

        Returns:
            dict (str, obj): Serialized data (json)
        """
        return dict(
            list(super(Container, self)._serialize().items())
            + list(
                {
                    "transforms": [t._serialize() for t in self.transforms],
                    "terminator": self.terminator._serialize(),
                }.items()
            )
        )

    @classmethod
    def _deserialize(cls, data):
        """Deserialize data into a Container object.

        Args:
            dict (str, obj): Serialized data (json)

        Returns:
            Container object
        """
        container = super(Container, cls)._deserialize(data)
        if data:
            container.transforms = (
                [Transform._deserialize(d) for d in data["transforms"]]
                if "transforms" in data
                else []
            )
            container.terminator = (
                Terminator._deserialize(data["terminator"])
                if "terminator" in data
                else Terminator()
            )
        return container

    @classmethod
    def _pattern(cls):
        """Define the pattern to recognize a Container object while parsing a file.

        Returns:
            pyparsing object
        """
        return cls.FIELD + Group(
            Suppress("{")
            + ZeroOrMore(cls.COMMENT | Transform._pattern() | Terminator._pattern())
            + Suppress("}")
        )

    def _parse(self, data):
        """Store the information from a parsed pyparsing result.

        Args:
            data: pyparsing data
        """
        if data:
            for item in [d for d in data if d]:
                type = item[0]
                arg = item[1] if len(item) > 1 else None
                if type:
                    type = type.lower()
                    if type == "append":
                        self.append(arg)
                    elif type == "base64":
                        self.base64()
                    elif type == "base64url":
                        self.base64url()
                    elif type == "mask":
                        self.mask()
                    elif type == "netbios":
                        self.netbios()
                    elif type == "netbiosu":
                        self.netbiosu()
                    elif type == "prepend":
                        self.prepend(arg)

                    elif type == "print":
                        self.print_()
                    elif type == "header":
                        self.header(arg)
                    elif type == "parameter":
                        self.parameter(arg)
                    elif type == "uri-append":
                        self.uriappend()

    def append(self, string):
        """Add the `append` Transform to the Container's Transform sequence.

        Args:
            string (str): The static string to be appended.
        """
        self.transforms.append(Transform(type=Transform.APPEND, arg=string))

    def base64(self):
        """Add the `base64` Transform to the Container's Transform sequence."""
        self.transforms.append(Transform(type=Transform.BASE64))

    def base64url(self):
        """Add the `base64url` Transform to the Container's Transform sequence."""
        self.transforms.append(Transform(type=Transform.BASE64URL))

    def mask(self, key=None):
        """Add the `mask` Transform to the Container's Transform sequence.

        Args:
            key (str, optional): The key with which to encode / decode.
        """
        if not key:
            key = os.urandom(1)
        while ord(key) < 0 or ord(key) > 127:
            key = os.urandom(1)  # Requirement for powershell
        self.transforms.append(Transform(type=Transform.MASK, arg=key))

    def netbios(self):
        """Add the `netbios` Transform to the Container's Transform sequence."""
        self.transforms.append(Transform(type=Transform.NETBIOS))

    def netbiosu(self):
        """Add the `netbiosu` Transform to the Container's Transform sequence."""
        self.transforms.append(Transform(type=Transform.NETBIOSU))

    def prepend(self, string):
        """Add the `prepend` Transform to the Container's Transform sequence.

        Args:
            string (str): The static string to be prepended.
        """
        self.transforms.append(Transform(type=Transform.PREPEND, arg=string))

    def print_(self):
        """Specify that the data be stored in the request body after transformation."""
        self.terminator = Terminator(type=Terminator.PRINT)

    def header(self, header):
        """Use the specified header to store the data after transformation.

        Args:
            header (str)

        Rasie:
            MalleableError: If `header` is empty.
        """
        if not header:
            MalleableError.throw(Container, "header", "argument must not be null")
        self.terminator = Terminator(type=Terminator.HEADER, arg=header)

    def parameter(self, parameter):
        """Use the specified parameter to store the data after transformation.

        Args:
            parameter (str)

        Rasie:
            MalleableError: If `parameter` is empty.
        """
        if not parameter:
            MalleableError.throw(Container, "parameter", "argument must not be null")
        self.terminator = Terminator(type=Terminator.PARAMETER, arg=parameter)

    def uriappend(self):
        """Specify that the data append to the uri after transformation."""
        self.terminator = Terminator(type=Terminator.URIAPPEND)

    def transform(self, data):
        """Transform the provided data using the sequence of Transforms.

        Args:
            data (str): The data to be transformed.

        Returns:
            str: The transformed data.
        """
        if data is None:
            data = ""
        if isinstance(data, str):
            if ("b'" or 'b"') in data[:2]:
                data = data[2:-1]
            data = data.encode("latin-1")
        if (b"b'" or b'b"') in data[:2]:
            data = data[2:-1]
        for t in self.transforms:
            data = t.transform(data)
        return data

    def transform_r(self, data):
        """Transform the provided data using the sequence of Transforms in reverse.

        Args:
            data (str): The data to be reverse-transformed.

        Returns:
            str: The reverse-transformed data.
        """
        if data is None:
            data = ""
        if isinstance(data, str):
            if ("b'" or 'b"') in data[:2]:
                data = data[2:-1]
            data = data.encode("latin-1")
        if (b"b'" or b'b"') in data[:2]:
            data = data[2:-1]
        for t in self.transforms[::-1]:
            data = t.transform_r(data)
        return data

    def generate_python(self, var):
        """Generate python code that would transform arbitrary data using the sequence
            of Transforms.

        Args:
            var (str): The variable name to be used in the python code.

        Returns:
            str: The python code.

        Raises:
            MalleableError: If `var` is empty.
        """
        if not var:
            MalleableError.throw(Container, "generate_python", "var must not be empty")
        code = ""
        for t in self.transforms:
            code += t.generate_python(var)
        return code

    def generate_python_r(self, var):
        """Generate python code that would transform arbitrary data using the sequence
            of Transforms in reverse.

        Args:
            var (str): The variable name to be used in the python code.

        Returns:
            str: The python code.

        Raises:
            MalleableError: If `var` is empty.
        """
        if not var:
            MalleableError.throw(
                Container, "generate_python_r", "var must not be empty"
            )
        code = ""
        for t in self.transforms[::-1]:
            code += t.generate_python_r(var)
        return code

    def generate_powershell(self, var):
        """Generate powershell code that would transform arbitrary data using the sequence
            of Transforms.

        Args:
            var (str): The variable name to be used in the powershell code.

        Returns:
            str: The powershell code.

        Raises:
            MalleableError: If `var` is empty.
        """
        if not var:
            MalleableError.throw(
                Container, "generate_powershell", "var must not be empty"
            )
        code = ""
        for t in self.transforms:
            code += t.generate_powershell(var)
        return code

    def generate_powershell_r(self, var):
        """Generate powershell code that would transform arbitrary data using the sequence
            of Transforms in reverse.

        Args:
            var (str): The variable name to be used in the powershell code.

        Returns:
            str: The powershell code.

        Raises:
            MalleableError: If `var` is empty.
        """
        if not var:
            MalleableError.throw(
                Container, "generate_powershell_r", "var must not be empty"
            )
        code = ""
        for t in self.transforms[::-1]:
            code += t.generate_powershell_r(var)
        return code