README.md

Azure Pipelines

Brief notes and considerations when automating infrastructure with Terraform and Azure DevOps.

Overview

Branch Triggered

Please note

• The CI pipeline does not run for main or production because these steps are run in Pull Requests, which are required before merging.

• The CD pipeline does not check for drift because this is checked at the pull request.

Pipeline	Branch	Terraform Backend	Detects Drift	Deploys
ci.yaml	• feat/* • fix/*	local	No	No
cd.yaml	• main • production	Azure Storage	No	🚀 Yes

Pull Request Triggered

The following pipelines do CI check and configuration drift detection, and posts the results back to the Pull Request. See example →

Pipeline	PR Trigger	Detects Drift	Deploys
pr-main.yaml	main	Yes	No
pr-production.yaml	production	Yes	No

Scheduled Triggeed

Checks regularly for any manual non Infrastructure as Code changes.

Pipeline	Trigger	Detects Drift	Deploys
schedule-drift.yaml	Scheduled nightly	Yes	No

Security Considerations

Terraform State in Azure Blob Storage

Terraform state is always in plain text, which is why it is stored in Azure Blob Storage with public access disabled.

• This storage account is NOT managed by Terraform
• This project prefers Shared Access Signtures (SAS) tokens over Access Keys in order to:
  • Apply principle of least privilege
  • Use short-lived tokens for CI/CD because we trust for headless actors less

Pipeline Secrets and Azure Key Vault Integration

• Secrets are stored in Azure Key Vault and automatically fetched from Key Vault at build run time
• Because variables are encrypted in Azure DevOps, secret variables not automatically decrypted and must be explictly mapped into the environment - at every step.

Example

Variable in YAML	Description	Naming Convention
kv-tf-state-blob-account	Name of secret in Key Vault. The $(…) macro syntax means it will be fetched and processed into template before pipeline runs.	Custom kv- prefix for easier debugging
$TF_STATE_BLOB_ACCOUNT_NAME	Mapped environment variable	Linux: uppercase with underscores

variables:
  - group: e2e-gov-demo-kv

steps:
- bash: |    
    terraform init \      
      -backend-config="storage_account_name=$TF_STATE_BLOB_ACCOUNT_NAME" \
      -backend-config="container_name=$TF_STATE_BLOB_CONTAINER_NAME" \
      -backend-config="key=$TF_STATE_BLOB_FILE" \
      -backend-config="sas_token=$TF_STATE_BLOB_SAS_TOKEN"
  displayName: Terraform Init
  env:
    TF_STATE_BLOB_ACCOUNT_NAME:   $(kv-tf-state-blob-account)
    TF_STATE_BLOB_CONTAINER_NAME: $(kv-tf-state-blob-container)
    TF_STATE_BLOB_FILE:           $(kv-tf-state-blob-file)
    TF_STATE_BLOB_SAS_TOKEN:      $(kv-tf-state-sas-token)

Why is there an Azure AD "Superadmins" Group?

In this example "superadmins" refers to privileged accounts at the organization level, e.g. central IT infrastructure admins.

This project creates Azure Key Vaults, which require access policies for the Data Plane. This means you want to create the Key Vault and give yourself access.

In order to interact with the Key Vaults' data plane, the we need to assign ourselves the proper roles, e.g. Key Vault Secrets User to gain access.