diff --git a/ajmc/text_processing/tei.py b/ajmc/text_processing/tei.py index 17c1a4e..c2b2c9d 100644 --- a/ajmc/text_processing/tei.py +++ b/ajmc/text_processing/tei.py @@ -1,10 +1,13 @@ import ajmc.text_processing.canonical_classes as cc -import ajmc.commons.variables as vars +import ajmc.commons.variables as variables +import json import lxml.builder as lxml_builder import lxml.etree as lxml_etree import requests import os +from typing import Tuple + """ This module --- which is really more of a script --- enables exporting public domain commentaries to their TEI representation. You can run it @@ -25,21 +28,150 @@ nsmap={None: "http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"}, ) -TEI_REGION_TYPES = [ - "app_crit", - "appendix", - "bibliography", - "commentary", - "footnote", - "index", - "introduction", - "preface", - "primary_text", - "printed_marginalia", - "table_of_contents", - "title", - "translation", -] +EXPORTED_ENTITY_LABELS = ["work.primlit", "pers.author"] + +TEI_REGION_LABELS = { + "app_crit": "Critical Apparatus", + "appendix": "Appendix", + "bibliography": "Bibliography", + "commentary": "Commentary", + "footnote": "Footnote", + "index": "Index", + "introduction": "Introduction", + "line": "", + "line_region": "", + "preface": "Preface", + "primary_text": "", + "printed_marginalia": "", + "table_of_contents": "Table of Contents", + "title": "Title", + "translation": "Translation", +} +TEI_REGION_TYPES = TEI_REGION_LABELS.keys() + +WIKIDATA_HUCIT_MAPPINGS = {} + +with open(os.path.dirname(__file__) + "/wikidata_hucit_mappings.json") as f: + WIKIDATA_HUCIT_MAPPINGS = json.load(f) + + +def contains_primary_full(entities): + return any([is_primary_full(entity) for entity in entities]) + + +def is_primary_full(entity): + return entity.label == "primary-full" + + +def is_entity_in_range(entity, word_range): + return ( + word_range[0] <= entity.word_range[0] + and (word_range[1] + 1) >= entity.word_range[1] + ) + + +def remove_trailing_character(s: str, c: str) -> str: + if s.endswith(c): + return s[0:-1] + + return s + + +def transform_f(s: str) -> str: + if s.endswith("f."): + without_f = s.replace("f.", "") + + try: + n = int(without_f) + return f"{n}-{n+1}" + except ValueError: + # Return the scope without "f." because we're using it in a CTS URN + return without_f + + return s + + +class PrimaryFullEntity: + def __init__( + self, + cts_urn: str, + scopes: list[cc.CanonicalEntity], + words: list[cc.CanonicalWord], + ): + self.cts_urn = cts_urn + self.scopes = scopes + self.words = words + self.word_range = [words[0].word_range[0], words[-1].word_range[1]] + self.url = self.to_url() + + def to_url(self): + if len(self.scopes) == 0: + return f"https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/{self.cts_urn}" + else: + return f"https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/{self.cts_urn}{self.resolve_scopes()}" + + def resolve_scopes(self): + scope_first = self.scopes[0] + scope_last = self.scopes[-1] + scope_words = [ + w + for w in self.words + if w.word_range[0] + in range(scope_first.word_range[0], scope_last.word_range[1] + 1) + ] + s = ( + "".join([w.text for w in scope_words]) + .replace("(", "") + .replace(")", "") + .replace(";", "") + .replace(":", "") + .replace("ff.", "") + ) + s = transform_f(s) + s = remove_trailing_character(s, ",") + s = remove_trailing_character(s, ".") + + if len(s) > 0: + return f":{s}" + + return "" + + +def make_primary_full_entities(commentary: cc.CanonicalCommentary): + all_entities = commentary.children.entities + primary_fulls = [] + + for entity in all_entities: + if entity.label == "primary-full": + related_entities = [ + e for e in all_entities if is_entity_in_range(e, entity.word_range) + ] + primlits = [e for e in related_entities if e.label == "work.primlit"] + scopes = [e for e in related_entities if e.label == "scope"] + + wikidata_id = next((e.wikidata_id for e in primlits), None) + + if wikidata_id is None: + wikidata_id = next((e.wikidata_id for e in scopes), None) + + if wikidata_id is None: + continue + + cts_urn = WIKIDATA_HUCIT_MAPPINGS.get(wikidata_id, {}).get("cts_urn") + + if cts_urn is None or cts_urn == "": + continue + + entity_words = commentary.children.words[ + entity.word_range[0] : (entity.word_range[1] + 1) + ] + + if len(entity_words) == 0: + continue + + primary_fulls.append(PrimaryFullEntity(cts_urn, scopes, entity_words)) + + return primary_fulls def get_zotero_data(zotero_id): @@ -52,7 +184,7 @@ def get_zotero_data(zotero_id): class TEIDocument: def __init__(self, ajmc_id, bibliographic_data) -> None: - canonical_path = vars.COMMS_DATA_DIR / ajmc_id / "canonical" + canonical_path = variables.COMMS_DATA_DIR / ajmc_id / "canonical" filename = [ f for f in os.listdir(canonical_path) if f.endswith("_tess_retrained.json") ][0] @@ -62,6 +194,7 @@ def __init__(self, ajmc_id, bibliographic_data) -> None: self.bibliographic_data = bibliographic_data self.commentary = cc.CanonicalCommentary.from_json(json_path=json_path) self.filename = f"tei/{ajmc_id}.xml" + self.primary_full_entities = make_primary_full_entities(self.commentary) self.tei = None def authors(self): @@ -73,6 +206,28 @@ def authors(self): def facsimile(self, page): return f"{self.ajmc_id}/{page.id}" + def get_entity_for_word(self, word): + primary_full_entity = next( + ( + e + for e in self.primary_full_entities + if word.index in range(e.word_range[0], e.word_range[1] + 1) + ), + None, + ) + + if primary_full_entity is not None: + return primary_full_entity + + return next( + ( + entity + for entity in self.commentary.children.entities + if word.index in range(entity.word_range[0], entity.word_range[1]) + ), + None, + ) + def page_transcription(self, page): page_el = E.div(E.pb(n=page.id, facs=self.facsimile(page))) @@ -81,7 +236,7 @@ def page_transcription(self, page): if "".join([r.text for r in page.children.regions]).strip() == "": page_el.append( E.p( - page.text, + *self.words(page.word_range), type="page", n="-".join( [ @@ -94,21 +249,43 @@ def page_transcription(self, page): else: for region in page.children.regions: if region.region_type in TEI_REGION_TYPES: - page_el.append( - E.p( - region.text, - type=region.region_type, - n="-".join( - [ - str(region.word_range[0]), - str(region.word_range[1]), - ] - ), + section_heading = self.section_head(region) + + if section_heading is not None: + page_el.append(section_heading) + + if region.region_type == "footnote": + page_el.append( + E.note( + *self.words(region.word_range), + place="foot", + n="-".join( + [ + str(region.word_range[0]), + str(region.word_range[1]), + ] + ), + ) ) - ) + else: + region_el = E.p(type=region.region_type) + for line in region.children.lines: + for w in self.words(line.word_range): + region_el.append(w) + + region_el.append(E.lb()) + page_el.append(region_el) return page_el + def section_head(self, region): + region_heading = TEI_REGION_LABELS.get(region.region_type) + + if region_heading != "": + return E.head(region_heading) + + return None + def title(self): return self.bibliographic_data["title"] @@ -165,6 +342,49 @@ def to_tei(self): return self.tei + """ + Iterate through the words in `word_range`, checking each word + to see if it belongs to a primary full entity. + + If it does, create or update `current_entity` to include the + `` element for the word. + + If a new entity is encountered, push the current `current_entity` onto + the `words` list and start a new `current_entity`. + """ + + def words(self, word_range: Tuple[int, int]): + words = [] + current_entity = None + current_el = None + + for word in self.commentary.children.words[word_range[0] : word_range[1] + 1]: + entity = self.get_entity_for_word(word) + + if entity is not None and ( + isinstance(entity, PrimaryFullEntity) + or ( + entity.label in EXPORTED_ENTITY_LABELS + and entity.wikidata_id is not None + ) + ): + if entity == current_entity and current_el is not None: + current_el.append(E.w(word.text)) + else: + current_entity = entity + + if current_el is not None: + words.append(current_el) + + if isinstance(entity, PrimaryFullEntity): + current_el = E.ref(E.w(word.text), target=entity.url) + else: + current_el = E.ref(E.w(word.text), target=entity.wikidata_id) + else: + words.append(E.w(word.text)) + + return words + def export(self): tei = self.to_tei() diff --git a/ajmc/text_processing/wikidata_hucit_mappings.json b/ajmc/text_processing/wikidata_hucit_mappings.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e982114 --- /dev/null +++ b/ajmc/text_processing/wikidata_hucit_mappings.json @@ -0,0 +1,1537 @@ +{ + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q123397": { + "wd_labels": [ + "The Republic", + "La Repubblica", + "Republic", + "Plato's Republic", + "Plat. Rep.", + "Repubblica Platonica", + "Repubblica" + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/3611", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg030" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1236228": { + "wd_labels": [ + "Anabasis of Alexander", + "Anabasi di Alessandro", + "The Anabasis of Alexander", + "The Life of Alexander the Great", + "Arr. An.", + "Anabasis Alexandri" + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/2385", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0074.tlg001" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1230918": { + "wd_labels": [ + "Miles gloriosus", + "Miles gloriosus", + "Pl. Mil.", + "Miles Gloriusus", + "Il soldato fanfarone", + "Il soldato spaccone" + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/1196", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:latinLit:phi0119.phi012" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q35160": { + "wd_labels": [ + "Odyssey", + "Odissea", + "the Odyssey", + "Homer's Odyssey", + "Hom. Od.", + "L'Odissea" + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/2816", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1233164": { + "wd_labels": [ + "Eumenides", + "Le Eumenidi", + "The Eumenides", + "The Furies", + "The Kindly Ones", + "The Reconciliation", + "Aesch. Eum.", + "Eumenidi" + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/1462", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1415903": { + "wd_labels": [ + "Philoctetes", + "Filottete", + "Soph. Phil." + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/3901", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg006" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q241077": { + "wd_labels": [ + "Antigone", + "Antigone", + "Soph. Ant." + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/3897", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg002" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1233835": { + "wd_labels": [ + "Herakles", + "Eracle", + "Heracles Mad", + "Heracles", + "Hercules", + "Hercules Furens", + "The Madness of Herakles", + "Eur. Her.", + "Eracle furente", + "Ercole furioso" + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/2296", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg009" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q945342": { + "wd_labels": [ + "Trachiniae", + "Le Trachinie", + "The Trachinian Maidens", + "Women of Trachis", + "Maidens of Trachis", + "The Maidens of Trachis", + "Trachinian Women", + "Soph. Trach.", + "Trachinie" + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/3902", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg001" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3320792": { + "wd_labels": [ + "Agamemnon", + "Agamennone", + "Aesch. Ag." + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/1459", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg005" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q273668": { + "wd_labels": [ + "Apology", + "Apologia di Socrate", + "The Apology of Socrates", + "Apology of Socrates", + "Plat. Apol.", + "Meleto", + "Apologia" + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/3583", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg002" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q846870": { + "wd_labels": [ + "Prometheus Bound", + "Prometeo incatenato", + "Prometheus in Chains", + "Prometheus Chained", + "Prometheus Chain'd", + "Aesch. PB", + "Prometeo legato" + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/1464", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg003" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q523227": { + "wd_labels": [ + "Iphigenia in Tauris", + "Ifigenia in Tauride", + "Iphigenia among the Tauri", + "Iphigeneia in Taurica", + "Eur. IT" + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/2300", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg013" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q286381": { + "wd_labels": [ + "Medea", + "Medea", + "Eur. Med." + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/2301", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg003" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1115611": { + "wd_labels": [ + "Hecuba", + "Ecuba", + "Eur. Hec." + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/2293", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg007" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3411444": { + "wd_labels": [ + "Pythian Odes", + "Pitiche", + "Pind. P." + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/3576", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg002" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q733444": { + "wd_labels": [ + "Electra", + "Elettra", + "Soph. El." + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/3898", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg005" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q148643": { + "wd_labels": [ + "Oedipus Rex", + "Edipo re", + "Oedipus the King", + "Soph. OT", + "Oedipus Tyrannus", + "Oidipous Tyrannus", + "Edipo tiranno" + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/3900", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg004" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q934597": { + "wd_labels": [ + "The Bacchae", + "Le Baccanti", + "The Bacchantes", + "The Bacch\u00e6", + "The Bacchanals", + "Bacchae", + "Bacchanals", + "Eur. Ba.", + "Bakkhai", + "Baccanti" + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/2288", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg017" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1246408": { + "wd_labels": [ + "Alcestis", + "Alcesti", + "Eur. Alc." + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/2286", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg002" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1215817": { + "wd_labels": [ + "The Knights", + "I cavalieri", + "Knights", + "The Demagogues", + "Aristoph. Kn.", + "Cavalieri" + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/1611", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg002" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q868447": { + "wd_labels": [ + "The Clouds", + "Le nuvole", + "Clouds", + "Aristoph. Cl.", + "Nuvole" + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/1613", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg003" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q506546": { + "wd_labels": [ + "Seven against Thebes", + "I sette contro Tebe", + "The Seven against Thebes", + "The Seven Chiefs against Thebes", + "The Seven Against Thebes", + "The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes", + "Aesch. Seven", + "I sette a Tebe", + "Sette a Tebe", + "Sette contro Tebe", + "Sette re di Tebe" + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/1465", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg004" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q614607": { + "wd_labels": [ + "Ion", + "Ione", + "Eur. Ion" + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/2298", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg010" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q943884": { + "wd_labels": [ + "Odes", + "Odi", + "Horace. Carmina", + "Carmina (Odae)", + "Hor. Od.", + "Horace. Odes" + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/1052", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:latinLit:phi0893.phi001" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q667285": { + "wd_labels": [ + "Works and Days", + "Le opere e i giorni", + "Hes. WD" + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/2705", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg002" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q156498": { + "wd_labels": [ + "Theogony", + "Teogonia", + "Hes. Th.", + "La Teogonia" + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/2707", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg001" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q287323": { + "wd_labels": [ + "Tristia", + "Tristia", + "Sorrows", + "Lamentations" + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/1163", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:latinLit:phi0959.phi008" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1145374": { + "wd_labels": [ + "Cyropaedia", + "Ciropedia", + "Xen. Cyrop." + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/4020", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg007" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q27214182": { + "wd_labels": [ + "Nemean Odes", + "Nemee", + "Pind. N." + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/3574", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg003" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q375786": { + "wd_labels": [ + "Hippolytus", + "Ippolito", + "Hippolytos", + "Eur. Hipp." + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/2297", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg005" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q11688406": { + "wd_labels": [ + "The Libation Bearers", + "Le Coefore", + "The Choephori", + "Choephori", + "Libation-Bearers", + "The Libation-Pourers", + "The Mourners", + "Cho\u00ebphori", + "Choephoroe", + "The Choephor\u0153", + "The Choephor\u00e6", + "Aesch. Lib.", + "Le coefore", + "Coefore" + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/1460", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg006" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q109562961": { + "wd_labels": [ + "Protagoras" + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/3610", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg022" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q663886": { + "wd_labels": [ + "Orestes", + "Oreste", + "Eur. Orest." + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/2302", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg016" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q540161": { + "wd_labels": [ + "Electra", + "Elettra", + "Eur. El." + ], + "hucit_uri": "http://purl.org/hucit/kb/works/2290", + "cts_urn": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg012" + }, + "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1233660": { + "wd_labels": [ + "The Phoenician Women", + "Le fenicie", + "Phoenissae", + "The Ph\u0153nician Maidens", + "The Ph\u0153nician Virgins", + "The Phoenician Maidens", + "Eur. 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Copyright 2017 eXistSolutions GmbH -

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This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify - it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by - the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or - (at your option) any later version.

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-

+

-

PREFACE TO VOL. II.

-

THIS volume was in preparation, when I was called upon to produce a second edition of Vol. I. The delay thus occa- sioned has given me the opportunity of comparing my notes, in revising them, with those of Professor Paley upon the same four plays, Ajax, Electra, Trachiniae, Philoctetes. It is reassuring to find that one who has lived with the Greek Tragic writers so intimately and for so long, agrees in upholding the general soundness of the traditional text of Sophocles, and in rejecting many recent alterations. There has seemed to be a danger lest the brilliant adventures of Bentley and Porson in ‘conjectural criticism might lead their successors to extend the so-called art beyond the narrow limits which are prescribed for it by the nature of language and the laws of probability. But the considerate judgment, which rarely forsook those great men, and is the best part of our inheritance from them, remains amongst their country- men, and sometimes refuses to be imposed upon by fancies which assume the garb of logic. Professor Paley has spoken of the previous portion of my work in terms which are deeply gratifying to me, as coming from a scholar of his experience: he has also made continual reference to the small edition, by Mr. Evelyn Abbott and myself, of the plays contained in this volume, especially of the Ajax, Electra, and Trachiniae. Although his manner of doing so is always friendly, yet it has not made me a convert to the practice of referring frequently to other commentators in explanatory notes. For (1) as Mr. Abbott’s

+ Title +

+ PREFACE + TO + VOL. + II. + +

+ Preface +

+ THIS + volume + was + in + preparation, + when + I + was + called + upon + + to + produce + a + second + edition + of + Vol. + I. + The + delay + thus + occa- + + sioned + has + given + me + the + opportunity + of + comparing + my + notes, + + in + revising + them, + with + those + of + Professor + Paley + upon + the + same + + four + plays, + Ajax, + Electra, + Trachiniae, + Philoctetes. + + It + is + reassuring + to + find + that + one + who + has + lived + with + the + + Greek + Tragic + writers + so + intimately + and + for + so + long, + agrees + + in + upholding + the + general + soundness + of + the + traditional + text + of + + Sophocles, + and + in + rejecting + many + recent + alterations. + There + + has + seemed + to + be + a + danger + lest + the + brilliant + adventures + of + + Bentley + and + Porson + in + ‘conjectural + criticism + might + lead + + their + successors + to + extend + the + so-called + art + beyond + the + narrow + + limits + which + are + prescribed + for + it + by + the + nature + of + language + + and + the + laws + of + probability. + But + the + considerate + judgment, + + which + rarely + forsook + those + great + men, + and + is + the + best + part + + of + our + inheritance + from + them, + remains + amongst + their + country- + + men, + and + sometimes + refuses + to + be + imposed + upon + by + fancies + + which + assume + the + garb + of + logic. + + Professor + Paley + has + spoken + of + the + previous + portion + of + my + + work + in + terms + which + are + deeply + gratifying + to + me, + as + coming + + from + a + scholar + of + his + experience: + he + has + also + made + continual + + reference + to + the + small + edition, + by + Mr. + Evelyn + Abbott + and + + myself, + of + the + plays + contained + in + this + volume, + especially + of + + the + Ajax, + Electra, + and + Trachiniae. + Although + his + manner + + of + doing + so + is + always + friendly, + yet + it + has + not + made + me + + a + convert + to + the + practice + of + referring + frequently + to + other + + commentators + in + explanatory + notes. + For + (1) + as + Mr. + Abbott’s + +

-

name is omitted, I sometimes reap credit that is due to him; (2) I do not feel that we are always clearly repre- sented; and (3) I am often prompted to repeat (mutatis ni- tandis) the words of Professor Conington, in the Preface to his edition of the Choëphoroe, published in the year 1857. Professor Conington there says, ‘To prevent misconception, I may mention, that my notes on the first half of the play were communicated to Mr. Paley while he was preparing his last edition. Unfortunately they were in a very imperfect state, a considerable portion of them only existing in a first draft; and this has led him to notice as mine, various opinions which I have long since discarded. I trust, therefore, that Professor Paley will not think me discourteous or ungrateful, if I refer to his edition only where I have felt bound either to acknowledge an obligation, or to give a reason for dissent. In one respect Professor Paley has thought fit to deviate from the conservative method,’ which he has for the most part consistently followed. On grounds which appear to me far from convincing, he has sometimes assumed the inter- polation, not of words merely, but of whole lines, and even of several consecutive lines, where this had not been pre- viously suspected. Thus in the Philoctetes he brackets L 1431; in the Electra, II. 201, 690-5, 1379 foll.; in the Ajax, Il. 855, 966-71, 994, 5; in addition to at least an equal number of places, which Dindorf and others had previously condemned. Such excision may often be a tempting way of avoiding difficulties and removing inequalities. But the difficulties can be otherwise accounted for; and inequalities in dramatic writing are not always blemishes, or if they are clearly such, may be referred to hasty composition. The dialogue between Teucer and the generals in the Ajax has by many been thought unworthy of the earlier scenes; and in my own judgment, the lines uttered by the deified He- racles ἀπὸ τῆς μηχανῆς, are incomparably less impressive than the first speech of Philoctetes. But (I) we have been pre-

+ Preface +

+ name + is + omitted, + I + sometimes + reap + credit + that + is + due + to + + him; + (2) + I + do + not + feel + that + we + are + always + clearly + repre- + + sented; + and + (3) + I + am + often + prompted + to + repeat + (mutatis + ni- + + tandis) + the + words + of + Professor + Conington, + in + the + Preface + to + + his + edition + of + the + Choëphoroe, + published + in + the + year + 1857. + + Professor + Conington + there + says, + ‘To + prevent + misconception, + + I + may + mention, + that + my + notes + on + the + first + half + of + the + play + + were + communicated + to + Mr. + Paley + while + he + was + preparing + his + + last + edition. + Unfortunately + they + were + in + a + very + imperfect + + state, + a + considerable + portion + of + them + only + existing + in + a + first + + draft; + and + this + has + led + him + to + notice + as + mine, + various + opinions + + which + I + have + long + since + discarded. + + I + trust, + therefore, + that + Professor + Paley + will + not + think + me + + discourteous + or + ungrateful, + if + I + refer + to + his + edition + only + where + + I + have + felt + bound + either + to + acknowledge + an + obligation, + or + + to + give + a + reason + for + dissent. + + In + one + respect + Professor + Paley + has + thought + fit + to + deviate + + from + the + conservative + method,’ + which + he + has + for + the + most + + part + consistently + followed. + On + grounds + which + appear + to + me + + far + from + convincing, + he + has + sometimes + assumed + the + inter- + + polation, + not + of + words + merely, + but + of + whole + lines, + and + even + + of + several + consecutive + lines, + where + this + had + not + been + pre- + + viously + suspected. + Thus + in + the + Philoctetes + he + brackets + + L + 1431; + in + the + in + the + + in + addition + to + at + least + an + equal + + number + of + places, + which + Dindorf + and + others + had + previously + + condemned. + Such + excision + may + often + be + a + tempting + way + + of + avoiding + difficulties + and + removing + inequalities. + But + the + + difficulties + can + be + otherwise + accounted + for; + and + inequalities + + in + dramatic + writing + are + not + always + blemishes, + or + if + they + are + + clearly + such, + may + be + referred + to + hasty + composition. + The + + dialogue + between + Teucer + and + the + generals + in + the + Ajax + has + + by + many + been + thought + unworthy + of + the + earlier + scenes; + and + + in + my + own + judgment, + the + lines + uttered + by + the + deified + He- + + racles + ἀπὸ + τῆς + μηχανῆς, + are + incomparably + less + impressive + than + + the + first + speech + of + Philoctetes. + But + (I) + we + have + been + pre- + +

-

pared for such anomalies' by the criticism of Longinus; (2) we must not expect equal care to be spent on every part even of a work of Sophocles; and (3) in seeking to dis- criminate between the work, say, of Sophocles and Iophon, we are not only proceeding on a mere assumption, but are attempting a task which is beyond the reach of criticism. Undoubted interpolations in Sophocles are not numerous, and consist (1) of glosses which have crept into the text, (2) of lines, probably genuine, which have been first written in the margin as parallel passages, and then have been treated as if they had dropped out of the context; (3) of spurious additions. To the first class (1) belong the rejected words in O. T. 1265; O. C. 1747; Ant. 628, 1344; EL 856; Trach. 840; Phil. 679. To the second cause, or one very similar, (2) may certainly be referred the addition of καὶ μάνθανον τὸν θυμὸν ἐκδραμόντα μοι after O. C. 769, the repetition of αὖθις ὧδ’ ἔρημος ἄπορος, O. C. 1716, and probably also the rejected words in Aj. 554, 714, Phil. 671-3. The third class (3) may again be divided into two ; spurious additions may either have been made (a) by a scribe who wanted to fill up a real or supposed lacuna, or (5) may have been gratuitously invented. The interpolations which may reasonably be as- signed to the former cause (a) are Aj. 1417, Trach. 80, Phil. 1407, 8. There remain only two passages () to be con- sidered here, viz. Aj. 839-42, Phil. 1365-7. These cannot be accounted for in either of the two former ways (1), (2), and yet they appear to be self-condemned; in the one case by the confusion of Agamemnon’s fate with that of Odysseus, and in the other by the irrelevant allusion to a fact which the speaker cannot be supposed to know. In these two places, therefore, ve must admit that the text has been per- versely tampered with. But before extending our admission to other passages, we must have equally cogent reasons for doing so1.

-

1 On Ant. 904, foll.; EL 1505, foll.; Trach. 88, 9 684, etc., see notes in locis.

+ Preface +

+ pared + for + such + anomalies' + by + the + criticism + of + Longinus; + + (2) + we + must + not + expect + equal + care + to + be + spent + on + every + part + + even + of + a + work + of + Sophocles; + and + (3) + in + seeking + to + dis- + + criminate + between + the + work, + say, + of + Sophocles + and + Iophon, + + we + are + not + only + proceeding + on + a + mere + assumption, + but + are + + attempting + a + task + which + is + beyond + the + reach + of + criticism. + + Undoubted + interpolations + in + Sophocles + are + not + numerous, + + and + consist + (1) + of + glosses + which + have + crept + into + the + text, + + (2) + of + lines, + probably + genuine, + which + have + been + first + written + + in + the + margin + as + parallel + passages, + and + then + have + been + + treated + as + if + they + had + dropped + out + of + the + context; + (3) + of + + spurious + additions. + To + the + first + class + (1) + belong + the + rejected + + words + in + + O. + T. + 1265; + + + O. + C. + 1747; + + + Ant. + 628, + 1344; + + + + Trach. + 840; + + To + the + second + cause, + or + one + very + + similar, + (2) + may + certainly + be + referred + the + addition + of + καὶ + + μάνθανον + τὸν + θυμὸν + ἐκδραμόντα + μοι + after + the + repetition + + of + αὖθις + ὧδ’ + ἔρημος + ἄπορος, + and + probably + also + the + + rejected + words + in + + Aj. + 554, + 714, + + The + third + class + + (3) + may + again + be + divided + into + two + ; + spurious + additions + may + + either + have + been + made + (a) + by + a + scribe + who + wanted + to + fill + up + + a + real + or + supposed + lacuna, + or + (5) + may + have + been + gratuitously + + invented. + The + interpolations + which + may + reasonably + be + as- + + signed + to + the + former + cause + (a) + are + + Aj. + 1417, + + + Trach. + 80, + + + There + remain + only + two + passages + () + to + be + con- + + sidered + here, + viz. + + Aj. + 839-42, + + These + cannot + + be + accounted + for + in + either + of + the + two + former + ways + (1), + (2), + and + + yet + they + appear + to + be + self-condemned; + in + the + one + case + by + + the + confusion + of + Agamemnon’s + fate + with + that + of + Odysseus, + + and + in + the + other + by + the + irrelevant + allusion + to + a + fact + which + + the + speaker + cannot + be + supposed + to + know. + In + these + two + + places, + therefore, + ve + must + admit + that + the + text + has + been + per- + + versely + tampered + with. + But + before + extending + our + admission + + to + other + passages, + we + must + have + equally + cogent + reasons + for + + doing + so1. + +

+ Footnote + + 1 + On + Ant. + 904, + foll.; + EL + 1505, + foll.; + Trach. + 88, + 9 + 684, + etc., + see + notes + in + locis. +
+

+ viii + PREFACE. + +

+

+ Part + of + the + above + reasoning + may + remind + us + that + the + omis- + +

+

+ sion + of + lines + is + a + not + infrequent + error + of + the + scribes. + In + +

+

+ most + MSS. + of + Sophocles + some + lines + have + been + omitted + by + +

+

+ the + first + hand. + These + have + generally, + but + not + alvays, + been + +

+

+ supplied + in + the + margin + either + by + the + διορθωτής + of + the + MS. + +

+

+ or + by + some + corrector. + In + the + O. + T. + and + O. + C. + for + example, + +

+

+ the + following + lines + are + found + in + L + only + in + the + margin + :- + +

+

+ O. + T. + 62 + (C1), + 141 + (CD), + 641 + (C17), + 800 + (CT); + O. + C. + 69 + (CA; + +

+

+ 899 + (C3), + 1105 + (C3), + 1256 + (C), + 1375 + (C2). + Similarly, + O. + T. + +

+

+ 46 + is + found + on + the + margin + of + A, + O. + C. + 99-101 + on + the + margin + +

+

+ of + Vs, + Ant. + 400 + on + the + margin + of + L32, + El. + 33 + on + the + margin + of + +

+

+ Pal. + etc. + Ant. + 942 + is + wholly + omitted + in + Vat. + b, + Ant. + 1167 + is + +

+

+ omitted, + I + believe, + in + all + the + MSS., + but + is + twice + quoted + with + +

+

+ its + context + by + Athenaeus. + If + these + facts + are + fairly + considered, + +

+

+ we + shall + hardly + be + accused + of + doing + violence + to + probability, + +

+

+ if + in + dealing + with + two + passages + which + seem + otherwise + intract- + +

+

+ able, + viz. + O. + T. + 623-5, + Phil. + 1251-8, + we + have + recourse + to + the + +

+

+ hypothesis + of + a + lost + line. + +

+

+ The + transposition + of + lines + is + a + less + frequent + error. + In + the + +

+

+ Laurentian + MS., + it + occurs + twice + in + the + Antigone, + viz. + in + +

+

+ 1. + 482, + 3, + 897-9; + but + in + both + instances + the + scribe + has + rectified + +

+

+ his + own + error + with + β′ + a’ + (2, + 1) + and + β′ + γ′ + d + (2, + 3, + 1) + placed + in + +

+

+ the + margin. + In + some + later + MSS. + long + passages + are + occa- + +

+

+ sionally + transposed, + e.g. + in + Ricc. + 34 + (followed + in + this + and + +

+

+ other + respects + by + the + Middlehill + MS. + 310), + Ant. + IL. + 477-584 + +

+

+ come + after + l. + 691. + But + no + inference + can + be + fairly + drawn + +

+

+ from + fourteenth + century + errors + to + changes + which + are + to + be + +

+

+ supposed + antecedent + to + L. + +

+

+ The + separate + editions + of + these + four + plays + by + Mr. + Blaydes, + +

+

+ and + those + of + the + Ajax + and + Electra + by + Mr. + Jebb, + are + also + +

+

+ referred + to + from + time + to + time. + Some + hints + have + been + de- + +

+

+ rived + from + Wecklein, + chiefly + on + the + Electra, + and + from + Ca- + +

+

+ vallin + on + the + Philoctetes. + +

+

+ It + would + be + tedious + and + profitless + to + specify + the + help + +

+

+ derived + from + earlier + editions, + etc. + But + I + may + mention + that + +

-

in editing the Fragments, I have availed myself of Mr. R. Ellis' acute remarks on them in the Cambridge Journal of Philology, Vol. IV, and that I am largely indebted, as every editor must now be, to the edition of the Tragic Fragments by A. Nauck, Leipzig, 1856. I had once hoped, as indicated in a former writing, to give here some general account of previous editions of Sophocles. Further reflection has induced me to relinquish that project. To have executed it on any considerable scale would have unduly burdened a work which is already sufficiently loaded. To assign to Aldus, Canter, Turnebus, Camerarius, H. Stephanus, Capperonier, Vauvillers, Brunck, Musgrave, Erfurdt, Hermann, Elmsley, Schneidewin, and a host of names only less distinguished than these, each his own proper share of merit and of blame, would be, indeed, a work demanding high qualities, and not uaworthy of any scholar’s ambition. But for myself, I feel compelled to decline it. It may be well, however, to indicate once more in outline the history of the text. Aldus (Venice, 1502) seems to have depended on the Venetian MSS. 1, the most legible of which, 467 (V3), is very closely akin to Paris A. The first Juntine edition (Florence, 1522, editor Antonius Francinus) follows closely on the Aldine traces; but the editor of the second Juntine, who is said to have been Victo- rius, appears to have had access to L; and the Roman edition of the Scholia (A. D. 1618) was taken either from this or a kindred MS. The next important edition, that of Turnebus (Paris, 1558), is memorable for the importance attributed by its editor to Paris T, the Parisian copy of the recension of Triclinius, with his Scholia on the metres, etc. This new influence continued through Stephanus (1568), Canter (1579); Capperonier and Vauvillers, and the London editions, until Brunck (Stras-

-

1 See in O. C. 110.

+ Preface +

+ in + editing + the + Fragments, + I + have + availed + myself + of + Mr. + + Ellis' + acute + remarks + on + them + in + the + Cambridge + Journal + of + + Philology, + Vol. + IV, + and + that + I + am + largely + indebted, + as + every + + editor + must + now + be, + to + the + edition + of + the + Tragic + Fragments + + by + A. + Nauck, + Leipzig, + 1856. + + I + had + once + hoped, + as + indicated + in + a + former + writing, + to + give + + here + some + general + account + of + previous + editions + of + Sophocles. + + Further + reflection + has + induced + me + to + relinquish + that + project. + + To + have + executed + it + on + any + considerable + scale + would + have + + unduly + burdened + a + work + which + is + already + sufficiently + loaded. + + To + assign + to + Aldus, + Canter, + Turnebus, + Camerarius, + + Stephanus, + Capperonier, + Vauvillers, + Brunck, + Musgrave, + + Erfurdt, + Hermann, + Elmsley, + Schneidewin, + and + a + host + of + + names + only + less + distinguished + than + these, + each + his + own + + proper + share + of + merit + and + of + blame, + would + be, + indeed, + a + work + + demanding + high + qualities, + and + not + uaworthy + of + any + scholar’s + + ambition. + But + for + myself, + I + feel + compelled + to + decline + it. + + It + may + be + well, + however, + to + indicate + once + more + in + outline + + the + history + of + the + text. + + Aldus + (Venice, + 1502) + seems + to + have + depended + on + the + + Venetian + MSS. + 1, + the + most + legible + of + which, + 467 + (V3), + is + very + + closely + akin + to + Paris + A. + + The + first + Juntine + edition + (Florence, + 1522, + editor + Antonius + + Francinus) + follows + closely + on + the + Aldine + traces; + but + the + + editor + of + the + second + Juntine, + who + is + said + to + have + been + Victo- + + rius, + appears + to + have + had + access + to + L; + and + the + Roman + + edition + of + the + Scholia + (A. + D. + 1618) + was + taken + either + from + + this + or + a + kindred + MS. + + The + next + important + edition, + that + of + Turnebus + (Paris, + 1558), + + is + memorable + for + the + importance + attributed + by + its + editor + to + + Paris + T, + the + Parisian + copy + of + the + recension + of + Triclinius, + with + + his + Scholia + on + the + metres, + etc. + This + new + influence + continued + + through + Stephanus + (1568), + Canter + (1579); + Capperonier + and + + Vauvillers, + and + the + London + editions, + until + Brunck + (Stras- + +

+ Footnote + + 1 + See + in + O. + C. + 110. +
+

+ x + PREFACE. + +

+

+ bourg, + 1786) + changed + all + this + by + calling + attention + fo + the + +

+

+ comparative + excellence + and + antiquity + of + Paris + A. + +

+

+ Thus, + after + some + wanderings, + the + text + reverted, + so + far + as + +

+

+ MS. + authority + was + concerned, + to + a + form + approaching + that + of + +

+

+ the + first + printed + edition. + Brunck + also + deserves + the + credit + of + +

+

+ many + successful + emendations, + and + of + having + first + collected + +

+

+ and + edited + the + Fragments,—no + mean + task. + +

+

+ A + new + point + of + departure + was + gained + by + Elmsley, + who + +

+

+ collated + L. + This + MS. + had + been + mentioned + by + Montfaucon + +

+

+ as + of + the + tenth + century, + but + modern + scholars + before + Elmsley + +

+

+ had + not + had + access + to + it, + and + its + character + was + but + vaguely + +

+

+ appreciated. + Elmsley’s + collation + was + printed + partly + in + his + +

+

+ third + edition + of + the + O. + T. + (1825) + and + in + that + of + the + Oed. + +

+

+ Col. + and + partly + in + Gaisford’s + (Oxon. + 1826) + edition + of + the + +

+

+ seven + plays. + His + transcript + of + the + Scholia + (printed + in + 1825) + +

+

+ still + exists + in + his + handwriting + in + the + Bodleian + Library. + The + +

+

+ relative + values + of + L, + A, + and + T, + were + known + to + Hermann, + +

+

+ for + whose + edition + (1839), + V2 + and + Vꝰ + (while + still + at + Paris) + +

+

+ were + also + partially + collated; + but + the + application + of + the + +

+

+ principles + which + he + acknowledged + has + been + gradual. + One + +

+

+ consequence + of + the + reaction + against + T, + which + has + influenced + +

+

+ succeeding + editions, + excepting + that + of + Blaydes, + has + been + +

+

+ retained, + though + not + without + a + sense + of + inconsistency, + by + +

+

+ the + present + editor. + The + Triclinian + readings, + although + ap- + +

+

+ pearing + in + MSS. + of + the + fourteenth + century, + are + classed + +

+

+ amongst + conjectural + emendations. + +

+

+ Subsequently + Sophoclean + criticism + has + been + further + mo- + +

+

+ dified + by + the + assertion + of + Cobet + and + Dindorf, + that + L + is + the + +

+

+ archetype + of + all + existing + MSS. + This + assumption + has + been + +

+

+ examined + at + some + length + in + my + Preface + to + Vol. + I. + It + has + +

+

+ done + great + good + by + concentrating + the + attention + of + scholars + +

+

+ on + L, + which + is + now + pretty + thoroughly + known; + but, + as + I + have + +

+

+ tried + to + show, + it + has + led + to + an + undue + depreciation + of + the + +

+

+ so-called + "apographa.’ + +

+

+ In + accordance + with + the + considerations + urged + in + Vol. + I. + +

-

I have been extremely sparing in the adoption of conjectures into the text of the plays; but in editing the Fragments I have been less severe. Before this course is accused of inconsistency, let it be considered (1) that quotations are specially liable to error, (2) that the text of Athenaeus, and of other writers in whom many of the Fragments are found, is acknowledged to be very far from certain, and (3) that the evidences of corruption are frequent and in- disputable. I have here to repeat, with somewhat more of emphasis than in the first edition of Vol. I, that the signs C3, C4, Coò, etc., which are necessarily retained from my first collation of L, have merely an approximate value. That C32, and C, the διορθωτής and the Scholiast of L, are one and the same, was Diibner’s opinion, and is probably correct. This hand, whether in cursive or quasi-uncial characters, may be dis- tinguished from that of the scribe of the Sophocles by a still greater delicacy of touch. If so much is correct, it follows that the marginal Scholia, throughout the volume, were written after the several parts of which it is composed were brought together into one; for C2 appears on the margin both of the Aeschylus and the Apollonius, e. g— Aesch. Suppl. 518 (the whole line in marg., by C3). Aesch. Suppl. 575 (κραίνων in marg. C3). Apollon. Rhod. 1. 848, τόν ῥα καλεσσαμένη διεπέφραδεν ὑψιπύλεια, add in marg. C2. It would be well if some competent inquirer could ascertain whether the corrections noted as by C6, C7, which may be roughly described as hands of the fifteenth century, were made before or after the removal of the MS. from the East into Italy. (See Vol. I. Preface, p. xli.) I may here remedy an omission by mentioning that the bracketed numbers [81 a, etc.], on the margin of this edition, denote the pagination of L.

-

1 Perhaps with Niccolo Niccoli’s own hand.

+ Preface +

+ I + have + been + extremely + sparing + in + the + adoption + of + conjectures + + into + the + text + of + the + plays; + but + in + editing + the + Fragments + + I + have + been + less + severe. + Before + this + course + is + accused + of + + inconsistency, + let + it + be + considered + (1) + that + quotations + are + + specially + liable + to + error, + (2) + that + the + text + of + Athenaeus, + + and + of + other + writers + in + whom + many + of + the + Fragments + are + + found, + is + acknowledged + to + be + very + far + from + certain, + and + + (3) + that + the + evidences + of + corruption + are + frequent + and + in- + + disputable. + + I + have + here + to + repeat, + with + somewhat + more + of + emphasis + + than + in + the + first + edition + of + Vol. + I, + that + the + signs + C3, + C4, + + Coò, + etc., + which + are + necessarily + retained + from + my + first + collation + + of + L, + have + merely + an + approximate + value. + That + C32, + and + C, + + the + διορθωτής + and + the + Scholiast + of + L, + are + one + and + the + same, + + was + Diibner’s + opinion, + and + is + probably + correct. + This + hand, + + whether + in + cursive + or + quasi-uncial + characters, + may + be + dis- + + tinguished + from + that + of + the + scribe + of + the + Sophocles + by + a + still + + greater + delicacy + of + touch. + If + so + much + is + correct, + it + follows + + that + the + marginal + Scholia, + throughout + the + volume, + were + + written + after + the + several + parts + of + which + it + is + composed + were + + brought + together + into + one; + for + C2 + appears + on + the + margin + + both + of + the + Aeschylus + and + the + Apollonius, + e. + g— + + Aesch. + Suppl. + 518 + (the + whole + line + in + marg., + by + C3). + + Aesch. + Suppl. + 575 + (κραίνων + in + marg. + C3). + + Rhod. + 1. + 848, + τόν + ῥα + καλεσσαμένη + διεπέφραδεν + + ὑψιπύλεια, + add + in + marg. + C2. + + It + would + be + well + if + some + competent + inquirer + could + ascertain + + whether + the + corrections + noted + as + by + C6, + C7, + which + may + be + + roughly + described + as + hands + of + the + fifteenth + century, + were + + made + before + or + after + the + removal + of + the + MS. + from + the + East + + into + Italy. + (See + Vol. + I. + Preface, + p. + xli.) + + I + may + here + remedy + an + omission + by + mentioning + that + the + + bracketed + numbers + [81 + a, + etc.], + on + the + margin + of + this + edition, + + denote + the + pagination + of + L. + +

+ Footnote + + 1 + Perhaps + with + Niccolo + Niccoli’s + own + hand. +
+

+ xii + PREFACE. + +

+

+ I + have + again + to + thank + my + friends, + Signor + A. + Ceriani + of + +

+

+ Milan, + and + Professor + Ignazio + Guidi + of + Rome, + for + their + kind + +

+

+ help + in + ascertaining + many + readings + of + M, + M32, + and + Vat. + 2 + +

+

+ Vat. + b, + Vat. + respectively. + An + especial + acknowledgment + is + +

+

+ also + due + to + Mr. + John + Masson, + formerly + a + student + of + St. + +

+

+ Andrews, + who + has + devoted + much + of + his + time + to + the + minute + +

+

+ study + of + the + text + of + Sophocles, + and, + after + a + close + exami- + +

+

+ nation + of + the + Hunterian + MS. + of + Glasgow, + has + now, + at + my + +

+

+ request, + collated + in + great + part + the + oldest + of + the + Bodleian + +

+

+ MSS. + of + Sophocles, + which, + for + the + three + plays + which + it + +

+

+ contains, + appears + to + be + one + of + the + most + correct + of + the + in- + +

+

+ ferior + MSS. + This + MS. + (Misc. + 99, + of + Coxe’s + Catalogue, + +

+

+ Auct. + F. + 3, + 25, + according + to + the + Press-mark + now + in + use), + +

+

+ contains + the + Ajax, + Electra, + and + Oedipus + Tyrannus, + very + +

+

+ carefully + written, + with + a + much + fuller + transcript + of + the + more + +

+

+ recent + Scholia + than + is + found + in + Laud. + 54. + +

+

+ A + note + on + this + MS. + by + Mr. + Masson + is + herewith + appended. + +

+

+ The + same + friend + has + laid + me + under + a + further + obligation + by + +

+

+ calling + my + attention + to + a + copy + of + Turnebus’ + edition + of + +

+

+ Sophocles, + in + the + Library + of + the + British + Museum, + with + MS. + +

+

+ notes + by + Lambinus, + including + readings + quoted + by + him + from + +

+

+ Auratus, + chiefly + on + the + Philoctetes. + I + have + thus + been + en- + +

+

+ abled + to + restore + to + these + early + scholars + the + credit + of + several + +

+

+ emendations, + which + have + latterly + been + attributed + to + other + +

+

+ sources. + In + addition + to + those + which + are + noted + in + their + place, + +

+

+ I + may + here + mention + the + following, + which + came + under + my + +

+

+ notice + after + the + sheets + had + been + thrown + off: + — + Phil. + 189, + +

+

+ ὑπ(ακούει) + id + est, + respondet, + Aur.; + 320, + θυμὸν + .. + χειρί + Lam- + +

+

+ binus; + 639, + ἀνῇ, + Lambinus. + +

+

+ Another + former + student + of + St. + Andrews, + Mr. + Andrew + Clark, + +

+

+ Fellow + of + Lincoln + College, + Oxford, + has + kindly + read + the + proof- + +

+

+ sheets + of + this + volume, + and + has + prepared + the + list + of + Errata, + +

+

+ which + is + likewise + appended + here. + +

+

+ PREFACE. + xiit + +

+

+ NOTE + BY + MR. + JOHN + MASSON + ON + THE + MS. + OF + +

+

+ SOPHOCLES + IN + THE + BODLEIAN + LIBRARY, + +

+

+ AUCT. + F. + 3. + 25 + (M1sC. + XCIX. + OF + CoxE’Ss + CATALOGUE). + +

+

+ Tue + MS. + of + Sophocles, + Auct. + F. + 3. + 25, + or + Misc. + XCIX, + in + the + +

+

+ Bodleian + Library + at + Oxford, + contains, + among + other + matter, + the + Ajax, + +

+

+ Electra, + and + Oed. + Tyr. + of + Sophocles, + with + very + copious + scholia + and + +

+

+ glosses. + It + bears + on + its + opening + page + the + note + ‘Ex + dono + illustrissimi + +

+

+ Tho. + Cecill, + Anno + 1618. + Nothing + like + a + complete + collation + of + it + +

+

+ has + yet + been + published. + It + is + the + same + MS. + as + ‘Bodl. + 2929" + from + +

+

+ which + Elmsley + (in + Oed. + Tyr.) + and + Blaydes + (in + all + three + plays) + occa- + +

+

+ sionally + quote. + This + MS. + dates + from + the + fourteenth + century. + Palaeo- + +

+

+ graphically, + the + constant + use + of + . + adscriptum + is + noticeable, + also + the + +

+

+ ancient + forms + of + a, + o, + I, + the + combinations + of + ε, + o, + c + with + other + letters, + +

+

+ and + the + writing + of + p + and + o + open + at + times. + It + would + be + interesting + to + +

+

+ know + if + any + of + the + contractions + occurring + in + it + are + peculiar + to + MSS. + of + +

+

+ Eastern + origin. + It + is + very + distinctly + and + carefully + written, + the + smallest + +

+

+ details + of + orthography + being + attended + to; + indeed + it + approaches + in + +

+

+ accuracy + to + a + printed + text. + +

+

+ The + character + of + the + MS. + can + be + best + shown + by + quoting + all + its + +

+

+ distinctive + readings + for + a + single + play. + A + minute + collation + of + it + for + +

+

+ Electra + yields + the + following + results. + (N.B. + O=Bodl + Auct. + F. + 3. + 25.) + +

+

+ 1. + O + belongs, + speaking + generally, + to + the + same + family + as + A + (Paris, + +

+

+ 2712), + 6.5— + +

+

+ Electra. + +

+

+ 132. + οὐδ’ + ἐθέλω + O, + Edd1 + οὐδὲ + θέλω + A. + οὐδ’ + αὖ + θέλω + L. + +

+

+ 456. + ἐπεμβῆναι + OA, + Edd. + ἐπιβῆναι + L. + +

+

+ 496. + μήποτε + add + OA, + Edd. + om. + L. + +

+

+ 676. + τότ’ + ἐννέπω + OA. + πάλαι + λέγω + 1, + Edd. + +

+

+ 809. + οἴχῃ + φρενὸσ + OA, + Edd. + φρενὸς + οἴχῃ + L. + +

+

+ 1393. + pdopara + O, + and + (ἐδρ.) + A. + Ma + L, + Edd. + +

+

+ 1483. + κἂν + σμικρὸν + OA, + Edd. + κἂν + ἐπὶ + μικρὸν + L. + +

+

+ 2. + O + is + not + a + mere + reproduction + of + A, + but + represents, + possibly, + +

+

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+ 1 + Edd. + appended + to + any + reading. + Professor + Campbell’s + text + of + the + seven + +

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+ means + that + it + is + accepted + in + the + edition + plays. + +

+

+ of + Dindorf + (Oxford, + 1860), + and + also + in + +

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+ than + sixty + places + (see + below): + e. + g. + it + supplies + a + word + missing + in + A + at + +

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+ El. + Il. + 28. + 7: + 73. + νῦν; + 569. + τι; + 984. + τοι; + 1188. + γε + (added + in + A + by + a + +

+

+ later + hand): + 1263. + 7: + 1375. + mep: + 1469. + τοι + add + O, + Edd. + (τε + LA): + +

+

+ also + at + 626. + kA, + add + OL, + om. + A: + 628. + HA, + add + OL, + om. + A. + +

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+ by + A: + O. + T. + IL + 13. + οὐ; + 54. + ὥσπερ + A; + bc + εἴπερ + O: + 204. + : + 299. + +

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+ πέφυκεν + A; + ἐμπέφυκεν + O: + 326. + XO, + add + A; + o1, + add + OL: + 426. + καὶ; + +

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+

+ 957. + c1 + 970. + θανὼν + 989. + καὶ; + 1011. + φοῖβος + (added + by + Ac): + 1033. + +

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+ τοῦτ’ + ; + 1036. + τύχησ; + 1132. + ye: + 1150. + οὗτος; + 1165. + 2nd + μή: + 1291. + ὡς. + +

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+ In + all + these + places + O + correctly + supplies + the + omission + and + agrees + +

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+ (except + at + EL + 1469, + see + below, + where + O + appears + to + preserve + the + correct + +

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+ reading) + with + L. + +

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+ of + many + of + them + (e. + g. + Il. + 618, + 689, + 810, + 1174) + as + intentional + cor- + +

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+

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+ βαθυσκαφεῖ + OL. + βαθυσκάφει + A. + +

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+

+ κλύουσαν + OL. + κλύουσα + A. + +

+

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+

+ OL. + εἰν + A. + +

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+ 548. + +

+

+ φαίη + OL. + φαίην + A. + +

+

+ 569. + +

+

+ τι + add + OL. + τι + om. + A. + +

+

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+

+ τὰ + kelqr + O. + 1345. + τὰ + κείνων + O. + rdkeo. + τἀκείνων + A. + +

+

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+

+ μόγις + 09θ. + μόλις + LA, + Edd. + +

+

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+

+ προσεικότα + OE. + προσήκοντα + A. + προσηκότα. + +

+

+ 626. + +

+

+ ΚΛ. + add + OL. + EKA. + om, + A + (added + by + later + hand). + +

+

+ 628. + +

+

+ HA. + add + OL. + HA. + om. + A + (added + by + later + hand). + +

+

+ ὁρᾷσ + OL. + ὁρᾶσ + A. + +

+

+ 630. + +

+

+ ὑπ’ + OL. + ἐπ’ + A. + +

+

+ 641. + +

+

+ πολυγλώσσῳ + OL. + A + omits + the + iota + subs. + +

+

+ 649. + +

+

+ ἐφῆσ + O. + Pal. + iota + subs. + om. + ἐφῇσ + L. + +

+

+ 669. + +

+

+ xpiifo + OL. + χρήζο + A. + +

+

+ 675. + +

+

+ ξεῖνε + OL. + ξένε + A. + +

+

+ For + the + 2nd + τί + O + miswrites + τίσ. + Such + errors + are + rare. + +

+

+ 677. + +

+

+ εἴμ· + O. + A. + +

+

+ 689. + +

+

+ τοιοῦδ’ + OL. + τοιάδ’ + A. + +

+

+ 722. + +

+

+ προσκείμενον + OL. + προκείμενον + A. + +

+

+ 737- + +

+

+ ἐνσείσασ + OL. + ἐνδείσασ + A. + +

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+

+ κήαντεσ + OL. + κήαντεσ + A. + +

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+ 771. + +

+

+ τέκη + OM. + τέκῃ + A, + Edd. + +

+

+ 772. + +

+

+ 4 + OL. + ap + A. + +

+

+ 793- + +

+

+ κἀπεκύρωσεν + OL. + ν + om. + A. + +

+

+ (797. + ἥκοισ + supra + gl. + εἴησ. + M. + supr. + gl. + ἀντὶ + τοῦ + ts. + E + reads + +

+

+ εἴησ + in + text). + +

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+ 810. + +

+

+ μόναι + OL. + μόνον + A. + +

+

+ 812. + +

+

+ ποῖ + OL. + πῇ + A. + +

+

+ 813. + +

+

+ ἀπεστερημένη + OL. + dmocr + A. + +

+

+ 817. + +

+

+ ἔγω + ye + τοῦ + OL. + ἐγὼ + τοῦ + γε + A + +

+

+ 852. + +

+

+ ἀχέων + O, + most + MSS., + Edd. + ἀχαίων + L + pr. + AL + +

+

+ 874. + +

+

+ κατέστενεσα + OL. + κατέσταινεσ + A. + +

+

+ 879. + +

+

+ 5 + OL. + 3A. + +

+

+ 898. + +

+

+ ἐγχρίμπτῃ + O, + Edd. + -p- + om. + LA. + +

+

+ 905. + +

+

+ βαστάσασα + OL. + Bacrdoa + A. + +

+

+ 1 + Jahn + gives + L + differently. + +

+

+ xvi + +

+

+ PREFACE. + +

+

+ 907. + +

+

+ καὶ + 767 + OL. + καὶ + τὸ + A. + +

+

+ 934 + · + +

+

+ ἐγὼ + δὲ + OL. + ἐγὼ + yap + A. + +

+

+ 956. + +

+

+ ξὺν + OL. + σὺν + A. + +

+

+ 962. + +

+

+ ἄλεκτρα + OL. + ἄλλεκτρα + A. + +

+

+ 984. + +

+

+ τοι + add + Ol.. + τοι + Om. + A. + +

+

+ 991- + +

+

+ τῷ + om. + before + κλύοντι + O, + Edd. + τῷ + add + A + and + I- + (deleted + +

+

+ by + 1st + hand). + +

+

+ 996. + +

+

+ κἀμ’ + O. + καάμ’ + (sic) + A. + +

+

+ 1090. + +

+

+ καθύπερθεν + O. + καθύπερθε + LA. + +

+

+ 1097. + +

+

+ τᾷ + OL. + nrj + A. + +

+

+ 1163. + +

+

+ κελεύθους + O, + Edd. + κελεύθου + most + MSS. + +

+

+ 1165. + +

+

+ ἐσ + OL. + εἰσ + A. + +

+

+ 1166. + +

+

+ εἰσ + τὸ + OL. + ἐσ + A. + +

+

+ 1174. + +

+

+ ποῖ + λόγων + OL. + ποίων + λόγων + A. + +

+

+ 1188. + +

+

+ γε + add + OL. + ye + om. + A + (add + by + later + hand). + +

+

+ 1193. + +

+

+ ἀνάγκῃ + O, + Edd. + ἀνάγκη + LA, + Jahn. + ἀνάγκῃ + A, + Blaydes. + +

+

+ Vindobon + has + ἀνάγκῃ, + therefore + Δ + also + probably + reads + +

+

+ the + same. + +

+

+ 1198. + +

+

+ προύθηκασ + OL. + 1378. + mpocTOL. + προὔθηκασ, + ptc + A, + Edd. + +

+

+ 1202. + +

+

+ ἡμῖν + OL. + ὑμῖν + Α. + +

+

+ 1243. + +

+

+ κἀν + OL. + κἂν + A. + +

+

+ 1248. + +

+

+ οὐδέ + OL. + οὐ + δή + A. + +

+

+ 1260. + +

+

+ τίσ + OL. + τί + A. + +

+

+ 1263. + +

+

+ add + OL. + τ’ + om. + A. + +

+

+ 1264. + +

+

+ ὅταν + O. + ὅτε + most + MSS. + +

+

+ 1275. + +

+

+ a + . + a + A. + +

+

+ 1281. + +

+

+ ἂν + O + and + A + corrected + by + 1st + hand, + Edd. + ἂν + LA. + +

+

+ 1287. + +

+

+ λαθοίμαν + OL. + λαθοίμην + A. + +

+

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+

+ ἀπλήστου + O, + Edd. + ἀπλείστου + LA. + +

+

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+

+ ὑπεξεπέμφθην + OL. + πέμφην + A. + +

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+

+ ἔφαινες + OL. + ἔφανεσ + A. + +

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+ ποῦ + O, + Edd. + ποῖ + L, + πο + A. + +

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+ dpai + OL. + dpalac + A + (the + correction + -ac + written + over + the + +

+

+ -ai + has + been + incorporated + with + the + text + by + the + scribe. + +

+

+ ἀρὰσ + A + and + γρ. + in + T). + +

+

+ 1422. + +

+

+ φοινία + OL. + φονία + A. + +

+

+ 1435 + · + +

+

+ Before + θάρσει + OP. + praef. + OL. + Edd. + ΧΟ. + praef. + A. + +

+

+ 1442. + +

+

+ φωκεῖσ + OL + (corr. + by + pr. + m.). + φωκῆσ + A. + +

-

1449. τῆσ φιλτάτησ Oł, and corrected by pr. m. in L, Edd. ‘ re φιλτάτων LA Jahnl 1454. 4’ O Pal. ἄρ’ Edd. ap A. 1456. εἰωθότωσ OL. εἰωθότοσ A. 1460. αὐτῶν OL. αὐτὸν A. Vat. ac. (1467. εἰ δ’ ἔπεστι O, Edd. A not known). 1469. τοι O, Edd. re LA. 1505. χρῆν OL. ἐχρῆν A. 1508. παθὸν OL. παθὼν A. In all the cases given above, except one or two which are specified, O has preserved the correct reading, and almost invariably sides with L against A. A few of O’s minor corrections of A are omitted ; e. g. in accent as 495. τῶνδέ τοι; 628. μεθεῖσά μοι, where A omits the acute accent: 779. δεί’ O. w A: 890. ubpav O. μωρὰν A: 1433. Bare O. Bdre A: 1497. πᾶσ’ O. πάσ’ A. These illustrate the minute accuracy of O. 3. From this list of readings it is plain that O is a more correct MS. than A, and a fairer representative of the family of MSS. to which A belongs. The list of differences just given, in almost all of which O corrects A’s errors, clearly shows A’s tendency to in- terpolation, and hence at the same time it follows that these omissions and corruptions do not belong to A’s family, but have crept into one branch of it at an era of the text later than that of O’s original. The many places where the text of A omits a word or is corrupt, but where O supplies the omission and confirms L and the correct text, show that O certainly represents the text of an earlier date than A, when it was still pure from many corruptions and errors which A has gathered. 4. Certain corruptions are common to both O and A, and must have crept into the text of this family of the MSS. at a date con- siderably anterior to that of A. The following is a list of all the errors common to O and A, which can be properly called errors of A’s family2. A very few minor divergencies of accent and orthography are omitted.

-

1 Blaydes gives τῆσ φιλτάτησ for A. κυκλοῦσι A 1393. ἐδράσματα Α. But 2 In an article on ‘The Genealogy of O agrees with A in all these places, so the MSS. of Sophocles " (Jahrbuch fiir that these are old errors of A’s family, Phil. 1877, Band 115. p. 444) Rudolf for which the scribe of A was in no Schneider says, ‘The following places respect responsible, though, as we have show distinctly the tendency to inter- shown in § 2, be introduced interpola- polation of the scribe of A;" and then tions enough on his own account. quotes El. 1304. θουλοίμην A: 1365.

+ Preface +

+ 1449. + τῆσ + φιλτάτησ + Oł, + and + corrected + by + pr. + m. + in + L, + Edd. + ‘ + re + + φιλτάτων + LA + Jahnl + + 1454. + 4’ + O + Pal. + ἄρ’ + Edd. + ap + A. + + 1456. + εἰωθότωσ + OL. + εἰωθότοσ + A. + + 1460. + αὐτῶν + OL. + αὐτὸν + A. + + Vat. + ac. + (1467. + εἰ + δ’ + ἔπεστι + O, + Edd. + A + not + known). + + 1469. + τοι + O, + Edd. + re + LA. + + 1505. + χρῆν + OL. + ἐχρῆν + A. + + 1508. + παθὸν + OL. + παθὼν + A. + + In + all + the + cases + given + above, + except + one + or + two + which + are + specified, + + O + has + preserved + the + correct + reading, + and + almost + invariably + sides + with + + L + against + A. + A + few + of + O’s + minor + corrections + of + A + are + omitted + ; + e. + g. + + in + accent + as + 495. + τῶνδέ + τοι; + 628. + μεθεῖσά + μοι, + where + A + omits + the + acute + + accent: + 779. + δεί’ + O. + w + A: + 890. + ubpav + O. + μωρὰν + A: + 1433. + Bare + O. + + Bdre + A: + 1497. + πᾶσ’ + O. + πάσ’ + A. + These + illustrate + the + minute + accuracy + + of + O. + + 3. + From + this + list + of + readings + it + is + plain + that + O + is + a + more + correct + + MS. + than + A, + and + a + fairer + representative + of + the + family + of + MSS. + to + + which + A + belongs. + The + list + of + differences + just + given, + in + almost + all + + of + which + O + corrects + A’s + errors, + clearly + shows + A’s + tendency + to + in- + + terpolation, + and + hence + at + the + same + time + it + follows + that + these + omissions + + and + corruptions + do + not + belong + to + A’s + family, + but + have + crept + into + + one + branch + of + it + at + an + era + of + the + text + later + than + that + of + O’s + original. + + The + many + places + where + the + text + of + A + omits + a + word + or + is + corrupt, + + but + where + O + supplies + the + omission + and + confirms + L + and + the + correct + text, + + show + that + O + certainly + represents + the + text + of + an + earlier + date + than + A, + + when + it + was + still + pure + from + many + corruptions + and + errors + which + A + + has + gathered. + + 4. + Certain + corruptions + are + common + to + both + O + and + A, + and + must + + have + crept + into + the + text + of + this + family + of + the + MSS. + at + a + date + con- + + siderably + anterior + to + that + of + A. + The + following + is + a + list + of + all + + the + errors + common + to + O + and + A, + which + can + be + properly + called + + errors + of + A’s + family2. + A + very + few + minor + divergencies + of + accent + and + + orthography + are + omitted. + +

+ Footnote + + 1 + Blaydes + gives + τῆσ + φιλτάτησ + for + A. + κυκλοῦσι + A + 1393. + ἐδράσματα + Α. + But + 2 + In + an + article + on + ‘The + Genealogy + of + O + agrees + with + A + in + all + these + places, + so + the + MSS. + of + Sophocles + " + (Jahrbuch + fiir + that + these + are + old + errors + of + A’s + family, + Phil. + 1877, + Band + 115. + p. + 444) + Rudolf + for + which + the + scribe + of + A + was + in + no + Schneider + says, + ‘The + following + places + respect + responsible, + though, + as + we + have + show + distinctly + the + tendency + to + inter- + shown + in + § + 2, + be + introduced + interpola- + polation + of + the + scribe + of + A;" + and + then + tions + enough + on + his + own + account. + quotes + El. + 1304. + θουλοίμην + A: + 1365. +
-

The following are the mistakes common to O and A, and not occurring in the text of L:— Electra. 33. πατρὸς OA. πατρὶ L. 52. λοιβαῖσ τε OA. λοιβαῖσι L. 96. ἐξείνισε Αθ —e0 O. ἐξένισεν L. 112. ἐριννύεσ OA. ἐρινύεσ L, 30 at 401. 123. ἀκόρετον OA. ἀκόρεστον L. (139. eralc OA. λιταῖσιν L). The text is uncertain here. 174. ἔστι OA. ἔτι L. 186. οὐδέ τ’ dpk OA. οὐδ’ & ἀρκῶ L. 192. ploraua OA. ἀφίσταμαι L. ἀμφίσταμαι, Edd. 218, 305. alet OA. ἀεὶ T. 309. πολλή 7 OA. πολλήστ’ I-, Edd. 345. ἐπείθ OA. ἔπειθ. 378. τοι OA. σοι L. 405. ποῖ OA. τῷ T- 417. rle OA. τισ L. 443. οὖν OA. οὖν L, 479. bdpaoc OA. θράσοσ L. 534. rivos OA, and corrected by ist hand in L. τίνων L. 556. Adyour OA. λόγουσ I. 564. noivi⸗ OA. ποινὰσ L. 613. ὕβρισε OA. ὕβρισεν L. 614. 3 οὐ OA. GBpd L. ; 625. (so at 1373, 1399, 1494) τοὗργον OA. τοῦὔργον L. 636. ὧν OA. A4L. 676. 167 ἐννέπω OA. πάλαι λέγω L. 691. πεντάεθλ’ 4 OA. πένταθλ’ 4 L. The text is uncertain here. 2θ6λ’ ἅπερ Edd. 736. ὅδ’ ὧσ OA. (ὁ δ’ ὡς Herm.) ὅπωσ δ’ L, Edd. 738. κἀξισώσαντες OA. κάἀξισώσαντε L. 761. λόγοισ OA, and corrected by 1st hand in L, Edd. λόγῳ L. 783. ἀπήλλαγμαι OA, and corrected by 1st hand in L. ἀπηλ- λάγην L. 802. ἔκτοσθεν OA. ἔκτοθεν L. 818. ἔσσομ’ OA. ἔσομ’ L. εἴσειμ’ Herm. Campb. Dind. 1869. ἔσομαι ξύν· Dind. 862. δυστήνῳ O. δυστήνω A. δυστάνῳ L. 885. ἄλλου OA. ἄλλησ I. 890. λοιπὸν W OA. λοιπὸν μ’ ἢ L. λοιπὸν Dindorf.

+ Preface +

+ The + following + are + the + mistakes + common + to + O + and + A, + and + not + + occurring + in + the + text + of + L:— + + Electra. + + 33. + πατρὸς + OA. + πατρὶ + L. + + 52. + λοιβαῖσ + τε + OA. + λοιβαῖσι + L. + + 96. + ἐξείνισε + Αθ + —e0 + O. + ἐξένισεν + L. + + 112. + ἐριννύεσ + OA. + ἐρινύεσ + L, + 30 + at + 401. + + 123. + ἀκόρετον + OA. + ἀκόρεστον + L. + + (139. + eralc + OA. + λιταῖσιν + L). + The + text + is + uncertain + here. + + 174. + ἔστι + OA. + ἔτι + L. + + 186. + οὐδέ + τ’ + dpk + OA. + οὐδ’ + & + ἀρκῶ + L. + + 192. + ploraua + OA. + ἀφίσταμαι + L. + ἀμφίσταμαι, + Edd. + + 218, + 305. + alet + OA. + ἀεὶ + T. + + 309. + πολλή + 7 + OA. + πολλήστ’ + I-, + Edd. + + 345. + ἐπείθ + OA. + ἔπειθ. + + 378. + τοι + OA. + σοι + L. + + 405. + ποῖ + OA. + τῷ + T- + + 417. + rle + OA. + τισ + L. + + 443. + οὖν + OA. + οὖν + L, + + 479. + bdpaoc + OA. + θράσοσ + L. + + 534. + rivos + OA, + and + corrected + by + ist + hand + in + L. + τίνων + L. + + 556. + Adyour + OA. + λόγουσ + I. + + 564. + noivi⸗ + OA. + ποινὰσ + L. + + 613. + ὕβρισε + OA. + ὕβρισεν + L. + + 614. + 3 + οὐ + OA. + GBpd + L. + ; + + 625. + (so + at + 1373, + 1399, + 1494) + τοὗργον + OA. + τοῦὔργον + L. + + 636. + ὧν + OA. + A4L. + + 676. + 167 + ἐννέπω + OA. + πάλαι + λέγω + L. + + 691. + πεντάεθλ’ + 4 + OA. + πένταθλ’ + 4 + L. + The + text + is + uncertain + + here. + 2θ6λ’ + ἅπερ + Edd. + + 736. + ὅδ’ + ὧσ + OA. + (ὁ + δ’ + ὡς + Herm.) + ὅπωσ + δ’ + L, + Edd. + + 738. + κἀξισώσαντες + OA. + κάἀξισώσαντε + L. + + 761. + λόγοισ + OA, + and + corrected + by + 1st + hand + in + L, + Edd. + λόγῳ + L. + + 783. + ἀπήλλαγμαι + OA, + and + corrected + by + 1st + hand + in + L. + ἀπηλ- + + λάγην + L. + + 802. + ἔκτοσθεν + OA. + ἔκτοθεν + L. + + 818. + ἔσσομ’ + OA. + ἔσομ’ + L. + εἴσειμ’ + Herm. + Campb. + Dind. + 1869. + + ἔσομαι + ξύν· + Dind. + + 862. + δυστήνῳ + O. + δυστήνω + A. + δυστάνῳ + L. + + 885. + ἄλλου + OA. + ἄλλησ + I. + + 890. + λοιπὸν + W + OA. + λοιπὸν + μ’ + ἢ + L. + λοιπὸν + Dindorf. + +

+

+ PREFACE. + xix + +

+

+ 947. + τελεῖν + OA, + Paley. + ποεῖν + L. + ποιεῖν + Edd. + +

+

+ Is + L + necessarily + correct + here + ? + +

+

+ 985. + μὴ + λιπεῖν + OR. + p + κλιπεῖν + L. + +

+

+ (1022. + 4 + omit + OA. + is + erased + in + L. + πάντα + γὰρ + xar + Camph. + +

+

+ πᾶν + γὰρ + kar + Dind.). + +

+

+ 1085. + +

+

+ πάγκλαυστον + OA. + πάγκλαυτον + L. + +

+

+ 1113. + +

+

+ μικρὰ. + 1142. + μικρῷ + OA. + σμικρὰ· + σμικρῷ + 1 + +

+

+ (1124. + +

+

+ τάδε + OA, + Campb. + τόδε + L, + Dind.). + +

+

+ 1184. + +

+

+ τί + OA. + τί + μοι + L + pr., + but + the + 1st + hand + of + L + has + erased + +

+

+ μοι + and + written + . + +

+

+ 120Ο1. + +

+

+ τοῖσι + σοῖσ + OA. + τοῖσ + ἴσοισ + L + pr. + Pal. + +

+

+ 1226. + +

+

+ ἔχεισ + OA + (corrected + by + pr. + m.) + and + by + man. + ant. + in + L. + +

+

+ ἄχοισ + Apr. + ἔχοισ + T. + +

+

+ 1304. + +

+

+ βουλοίμην + OA. + λεξαίμην + L. + δεξαίμην + Pal. + Edd. + +

+

+ All + MSS. + except + Pal. + are + at + fault + here. + +

+

+ 1310. + +

+

+ φαιδρὸν + τοὐμὸν + OA. + τοὐμὸν + φαιδρὸν + L. + +

+

+ 1348. + +

+

+ χεῖρασ + OA. + χέρασ + L. + +

+

+ 1350. + +

+

+ προμηθείᾳ + OA. + mpounbia + L. + +

+

+ 1365. + +

+

+ κυκλοῦσι + OA. + κυκλοῦνται + L., + pr. + +

+

+ 1368. + +

+

+ ἕἔρδειν + OA. + ἔρδειν + L. + +

+

+ 1380. + +

+

+ προπιτνῶ + OA. + προπίτνω + L. + +

+

+ 1393- + +

+

+ ἑδράσματα + O6 + and + (eòp.) + A. + ἐἑδώλια + L. + ἑδράσματα + occurs + +

+

+ as + yp. + ab + S. + in + I. + +

+

+ 1395. + +

+

+ xepoiv + OA. + χειροῖν + L. + +

+

+ 1396. + +

+

+ ἐπάγει + OAO. + ἐξάγει + L + pr. + σφ’ + ἄγει + Edd. + The + text + is + +

+

+ uncertain + here. + +

+

+ 1404. + +

+

+ af + (quater) + OA. + αἱ + (bis) + L. + +

+

+ 1414. + +

+

+ φθίνει + (semel) + OA. + φθίνει + (pis) + L. + +

+

+ 1425. + +

+

+ ἐθέσπισε + OA. + ἐθέσπισεν + L. + +

+

+ 1430. + +

+

+ op. + om. + OA. + add. + L. + +

+

+ 1431. + +

+

+ HA. + om. + OA. + add. + L. + (The + names + of + persons + are + +

+

+ omitted + in + O + at + Il. + 1430-1, + but + spaces + are + left, + pre- + +

+

+ sumably + for + them, + though + not + filled + in. + Moreover, + +

+

+ another + Oxford + MS., + Laud. + 54, + which + as + a + rule + repro- + +

+

+ duces + the + text + of + O + exceedingly + closely, + adds + them + +

+

+ correctly. + So + probably + this + omission + ought + not + to + be + +

+

+ included + among + errors + common + to + A’s + family.) + +

+

+ 1432. + +

+

+ προαστείον + OA. + προαστίου + L. + +

+

+ 1433 + · + +

+

+ ὅσσον + OA. + ὅσον + I. + +

+

+ 1456. + +

+

+ μ’ + om. + OA. + V + add. + T. + +

+

+ 1465. + +

+

+ κρείττοσιν + OA. + κρείσσοσιν + L. + +

+

+ b + 2 + +

+

+ XX + +

+

+ PREFACE. + +

+

+ 1471. + pec + OA. + φίλωσ + L- + +

+

+ 1496. + ἁμὸν + OA. + ἀμὸν + L, + and + corrected + by + ist + hand + in + A. + +

+

+ (1506. + θέλει + OA, + Campb. + θέλοι + L, + Dind.). + +

+

+ 5. + In + estimating + the + character + of + A, + we + must + of + course + remember + +

+

+ in + how + many + places + important + corrections + of + L + are + due + to + AL + +

+

+ And + the + errors + which + really + belong + to + A’s + family, + and + have + not + +

+

+ originated + with + A’s + scribe + or + the + particular + MS. + he + copied + from, + +

+

+ ate + seen + to + be + comparatively + fe. + Many + of + these + typical + errors + of + A’s + +

+

+ family + are + undoubtedly + interpolations + and + help + to + explain + why + A, + +

+

+ which + contains + so + many + additional + errors + peculiar + to + itself, + has + so + long + +

+

+ peen + looked + on + with + suspicion + ; + but + some + of + them + at + least + are + errors + of + +

+

+ an + ancient + date, + and + are + also + found + in + L + as + corrections, + some + by + the + +

+

+ first + hand, + as + 534, + 761, + 783, + 1184, + and + others + by + an + ancient + hand + +

+

+ (174, + 345, + 378, + 479, + 676, + 736, + 1226, + 1350, + 1395), + while + the + reading + +

+

+ ἑδράσματα + at + 1393 + is + added + in + L + by + S. + +

+

+ 6. + O + shows + the + closest + agreement + with + e, + a + Florence + MS. + (Abbat. + +

+

+ 2817, + now + 71), + containing + Aj., + EL, + O. + T., + of + which + Dindorf + printed + +

+

+ an + imperfect + collation + in + his + edition + of + 1825. + A + very + few + readings + +

+

+ ocœur + peculiar + to + O + and + e, + but + not + in + places + where + the + other + MSS. + +

+

+ vary, + e. + g. + El. + 1264. + ὅταν + θεοί + μ’ + rpwva + (67 + LA), + where + a + syllable + is + +

+

+ wanting + in + all + MSS., + 691. + ὁποῖον + (τὸ + ποῖον + L), + 1282. + ἤλπισα + αὐδὰν + +

+

+ (fAmic + 1). + O + and + e + both + belong + to + the + same + division + of + A’s + family, + +

+

+ but + O + is + more + correct + than + e + and + generally + corrects + the + errors + peculiar + +

+

+ to + the + latter, + and + supplies + its + omissions; + e. + g. + El. + 1340, + τινά + om. + O + add + +

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+ O: + O. + T. + 1471, + τί + φημί; + om. + 6 + add + O. + The + Paris + MS. + E + (2884) + +

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+ also + shows + considerable + agreement + with + this + division + of + A's + family, + +

+

+ put + itis + not + so + accurate + ("negligentius + scriptus’ + according + to + Michaelis + +

+

+ and + its + text + is + less + pure + than + that + of + O + and + Θ5. + +

+

+ The + MS. + used + by + Aldus + (Venice, + 1502) + must + have + very + closely + +

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+ 1Acorrects + L + in + more + than + 90 + places + 1483, + 1487, + 1502, + 1506 + (Dind.). + This + +

+

+ in + Electra; + viz. + at + 11. + 61, + 93, + 99, + 108, + +

+

+ does + notinclude + corrections + of + accent + and + +

+

+ 132, + 168, + 169, + 198, + 201, + 226, + 238, + 285, + +

+

+ minor + differences + of + orthography. + More + +

+

+ 295. + 314 + (according + to + Dindorf), + 359, + +

+

+ might + certainly + be + given + if + we + knew + +

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+

+ 496, + 506, + 514 + (Dindorf), + 516, + 517, + 528, + +

+

+ confirms + Ain + all + these + corrections + of + L + +

+

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+

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+

+ additional + corrections + of + L + as + at + II. + 414, + +

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+ 860, + 888, + 890, + 993, + 018, + 922, + 941, + 948, + +

+

+ 618, + 852, + 898, + 991, + 1090, + 1163, + 1275, + +

+

+ 956, + 966, + 999, + 102213, + 1024, + 1029, + 1952, + +

+

+ 1336, + 1449. + 1469. + which + are + quoted + in + +

+

+ 1004, + 1107, + 1124, + 1128, + 1141, + 1148, + 1177. + +

+

+ § + 2 + +

+

+ 1191, + 1193, + 1196, + 1198, + 1222 + (Dindorf + +

+

+ 3 + Jabn’s + Electra, + p. + 27. + 1872. + +

+

+ and + Jahn + give + different + readings + for + L + +

+

+ 3 + Schneider + says + (Jahrbuch + für + Phil. + +

+

+ here), + 1226, + 1234, + 1260, + 1281, + 1297, + +

+

+ p. + 447), + ‘ + E + stands + as + near + to + A + as + does + +

+

+ 1298, + 1311, + 1324 + (Jahn), + 1325, + 1328, + +

+

+ Lb + to + L: + only + three + passages + occur + in + +

+

+ 1337.1343, + 1362, + 1401, + 1409,1467, + 1481, + +

+

+ the + whole + of + Electra + (II. + 28, + 364. + 889) + +

+

+ PREFACE. + xxi + +

+

+ resembled + O + and + e. + In + Electra, + this + edition + agrees + with + O + in + almost + +

+

+ every + reading + in + § + 2 + where + O + corrects + A, + while + it + contains, + with + very + +

+

+ few + exceptions, + all + the + errors + common + to + O + and + A. + At + the + same + +

+

+ time + when + we + find + in + Aldus + readings + such + as + λοιβαῖσι + πρῶτον + at + 1. + 52, + +

+

+ or + μὴ + κλιπεῖν + at + 1. + 985, + it + becomes + certain + that + Aldus + had + access + +

+

+ to + some + other + MS. + resembling + L + in + these + particular + readings. + The + +

+

+ minute + examination + of + V2 + and + V + might + make + this + matter + clearer. + +

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+ one + instance + (O. + C. + 110) + where + he + is + supported + by + no + other + MS., + and + +

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+ to + the + text + may + be + specified: + e. + g.— + +

+

+ Electra. + +

+

+ 1163. + κελεύθουα + O, + also + by + an + early + hand + in + L: + Ald. + Edd. + +

+

+ κελεύθου + MSS. + +

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+ 618. + προσεικότα + OE, + Ald. + Edd. + προσηκότα + LLI. + προσήκοντα + A. + +

+

+ 991. + O + omits + τῷ + before + κλύοντι. + So + Aldus. + Erased + by + 1st + hand + +

+

+ in + L. + +

+

+ 1193. + ἀνάγκῃ + O, + Ald. + Edd. + ἀνάγκη + LTAELD + Jahn. + (Blaydes + +

+

+ gives + ἀνάγκῃ + for + A). + +

+

+ 1287. + λαθοίμαν + OL, + Ald. + Edd. + λαθοίμην + A. + λάθοιμ’ + TELD + Pal. + +

+

+ O + alone + confirms + L + here. + +

+

+ 1336. + ἀπλήστου + O, + Ald. + Edd. + ἀπλείστου + LA. + +

+

+ 1449. + τῆσ + φιλτάτησ + OT, + and + corrected + by + 1st + hand + in + L, + Ald. + +

+

+ Edd. + τε + φιλτάτων + LA. + +

+

+ 8. + Supposing + the + question + to + be + put, + ‘How + can + we + be + sure + that + O + +

+

+ is + not + a + MS. + of + A’s + type + which + has + been + emended + crosswise + from + +

+

+ a + MS. + like + L?’" + we + might + answer— + +

+

+ (1) + For + one + thing, + the + general + difference + between + L + and + O + is + wide + +

+

+ enough + not + to + be + inconsistent + with + the + legitimate + origin + and + direct + +

+

+ descent + from + an + earlier + date + of + the + independent + features + of + O’s + text. + +

+

+ (2) + Merely + because + A + is + the + older + MS. + it + is + not + necessary + that + the + +

+

+ re + E + differs + from + A.’ + This + statee + the + first + Soo + lines + of + Electra, + and + most + +

+

+ is + far + from + accurate, + E + and + A + of + them + are + well-marked. + Cf. + EL + 618. + +

+

+ differing + much + more + frequently. + At + least + προσήκοντα + A, + προσεικότα + Ἐ; + 852. + ἀχαίων + +

+

+ fifty + differences + occur + in + the + readings + A, + ἀχέων + E; + 364. + τυχεῖν + A, + λαχεῖν + E; + +

+

+ of + the + two + MSS. + as + given + by + Jahn + for + 480. + κλύουσα + A, + κλύουσαν + E. + +

+

+ b + 3 + +

+

+ xxii + PREFACE. + . + +

+

+ guperiority + of + O + should + be + due + to + corrections. + (3) + The + superior + cor- + +

+

+ rectness + of + O, + compared + with + A, + does + not + consist + in + isolated + readings, + +

+

+ but + in + its + uniform + greater + accuracy + throughout + all + three + plays. + (4) + +

+

+ The + supposition + of + O + having + been + emended + throughout + from + a + MS + +

+

+ like + L + involves + the + following + difficulties.—In + this + case, + the + Nourteenth + +

+

+ century + scribe + (or + we + ought + rather + to + say, + te + sagacious + and + eritical + +

+

+ editor + and + compiler) + of + the + MS. + O + must + have + been + lamiliar + virn + the + +

+

+ readings + of + both + L + and + A + so + as + to + be + able + to + correct + A + most + judiciously + +

+

+ and + systematically + after + careful + comparison + with + L + (see + § + 2). + Ba, + if + +

+

+ he + could + do + this, + having + MSS. + of + both + types + before + him + and + minutely + +

+

+ comparing + the + two + throughout, + as + is + implied, + is + it + not + strange + that + he + +

+

+ was + not + subtle + enough + also + to + correct + some + of + the + more + manifest + +

+

+ errors + common + to + A + and + O? + Moreover, + it + is + still + more + strange + that, + +

+

+ while + constantly + exercising + his + critical + faculties + in + this + way, + he + should + +

+

+ have + confined + limself + so + striclly + lo + old + and + good + MSS. + and + was + not + +

+

+ lempted + into + occasionally + preferring + a + fourteenth + century + conjecture. + +

+

+ 9. + Thus + the + differences + between + O + and + A + are + not + such + as + can + be + +

+

+ accounted + for + by + corrections + derived + from + a + MS. + similar + to + L + and + +

+

+ made + on + an + intermediate + copy. + Instead + of + O + being + an + emended + +

+

+ copy + of + A, + it + appears + that + A + is + a + MS. + of + the + same + family + as + O, + but + +

+

+ one + which + is + far + more + faulty + and + interpolated. + +

+

+ CONCLUSION. + +

+

+ i. + If + a + MS. + having + so + many + features + in + common + with + A’s + family + +

+

+ as + O + has, + still + differs + so + often + from + A + to + agree + with + L, + does + not + +

+

+ this + throw + the + general + features + of + A’s + family + still + farther + back? + The + +

+

+ stream + of + the + MSS. + handing + down + the + text + appears + to + have + divided + +

+

+ into + two + families, + that + of + L + and + that + of + A, + at + a + date + anterior + to + L: + +

+

+ (as + we + believe + perhaps + at + a + date + considerably + anterior + to + L). + The + true + +

+

+ reading + is + preserved + sometimes + in + one + and + sometimes + in + the + other + of + +

+

+ these + families. + We + have + seen + that + O + and + 6 + often + contain + the + correct + +

+

+ reading + when + this + has + been + corrupted + in + A, + but + is + still + found + in + L. + +

+

+ Thus + it + appears + that + one + subdivision + of + A’s + family + (viz. + Oo) + is + more + +

+

+ correct + and + contains + in + it + more + of + the + ancient + text, + which + is + the + +

+

+ common + source + of + all + correct + readings + in + both + L + and + A, + than + does + +

+

+ another + subdivision + of + the + same + family, + viz. + A + itself. + At + the + same + +

+

+ time + O + retains + A’s + typical + peculiarities, + which, + common + to + both + MSS., + +

+

+ must + certainly + have + originated + at + a + date + earlier + than + that + of + A. + +

+

+ ii. + The + existence + of + a + MS. + distinctly + of + A’s + family, + yet + free + +

+

+ from + many + of + A’s + corruptions + (see + § + 2), + strengthens + the + authority + +

-

of this family of MSS., which is thus shown to be far less faulty and interpolated than has been generally supposed. The list of errors common to O and A (or it may perhaps be said, the entire . number of errors occurring in O) is seen to be not larger than that of errors occurring in L. O is, I believe, one of the most correct MSS. of Sophocles. iii. This MS. belongs to the fourteenth century, but its text is exceedingly pure. It shows no trace whatever of mixed readings, nor yet of a corrector’s hand, apart from the old errors which it shares with A. In no passage where the text is uncertain does it present a reading which first makes its appearance in MSS. of the fourteenth century: EL 1469 is the nearest to this, yet all editors adopt this reading, and we may presume it to be ancient. Instead of coming down by a succession of intervening copies, each with its quota of errors and interpolations which have crept gra- dually into the text from the margin or from between the lines, O must have been copied directly, or almost so, from a MS. earlier (perhaps considerably earlier) than A (see § 3). Thus its text (that is, the text of the MS. it is copied from) may be really older than that of A, and the authority of O, a fourteenth century MS., deserves in some respects to be greater than that of A, a thirteenth century one. May not some other fourteenth century MS. prove to be valuable and throw light on the text, as being a direct copy from some ancient original? This, if not probable, is possible. At all events O disproves the statement recently made1, that "the variants of all other MSS.’ besides L and A are ‘of no value.’

-

1 Ohne allen Nutzen sind die Lesarten einen secunddren Werth als ein Zeuge von L2 (ie. all corrections on L later der ursprünglichen Lesart von L.’ R. than those by S) und die Abweich- Schneider, Jahrbuch für Phil. p. 449. ungen aller übrigen Hss.: nur 1 hat noch

+ Preface +

+ of + this + family + of + MSS., + which + is + thus + shown + to + be + far + less + faulty + + and + interpolated + than + has + been + generally + supposed. + The + list + of + + errors + common + to + O + and + A + (or + it + may + perhaps + be + said, + the + entire + . + + number + of + errors + occurring + in + O) + is + seen + to + be + not + larger + than + + that + of + errors + occurring + in + L. + O + is, + I + believe, + one + of + the + most + correct + + MSS. + of + Sophocles. + + iii. + This + MS. + belongs + to + the + fourteenth + century, + but + its + text + is + + exceedingly + pure. + It + shows + no + trace + whatever + of + mixed + readings, + + nor + yet + of + a + corrector’s + hand, + apart + from + the + old + errors + which + it + + shares + with + A. + In + no + passage + where + the + text + is + uncertain + does + + it + present + a + reading + which + first + makes + its + appearance + in + MSS. + of + + the + fourteenth + century: + is + the + nearest + to + this, + yet + all + + editors + adopt + this + reading, + and + we + may + presume + it + to + be + ancient. + + Instead + of + coming + down + by + a + succession + of + intervening + copies, + each + + with + its + quota + of + errors + and + interpolations + which + have + crept + gra- + + dually + into + the + text + from + the + margin + or + from + between + the + lines, + + O + must + have + been + copied + directly, + or + almost + so, + from + a + MS. + + earlier + (perhaps + considerably + earlier) + than + A + (see + § + 3). + Thus + its + + text + (that + is, + the + text + of + the + MS. + it + is + copied + from) + may + be + really + + older + than + that + of + A, + and + the + authority + of + O, + a + fourteenth + century + MS., + + deserves + in + some + respects + to + be + greater + than + that + of + A, + a + thirteenth + + century + one. + May + not + some + other + fourteenth + century + MS. + prove + + to + be + valuable + and + throw + light + on + the + text, + as + being + a + direct + copy + + from + some + ancient + original? + This, + if + not + probable, + is + possible. + + At + all + events + O + disproves + the + statement + recently + made1, + that + "the + + variants + of + all + other + MSS.’ + besides + L + and + A + are + ‘of + no + value.’ + +

+ Footnote + + 1 + Ohne + allen + Nutzen + sind + die + Lesarten + einen + secunddren + Werth + als + ein + Zeuge + von + L2 + (ie. + all + corrections + on + L + later + der + ursprünglichen + Lesart + von + L.’ + R. + than + those + by + S) + und + die + Abweich- + Schneider, + Jahrbuch + für + Phil. + p. + 449. + ungen + aller + übrigen + Hss.: + nur + 1 + hat + noch +
-

+

ERRATA IN VOL. I.
-

+

+

+ ERRATA + IN + VOL. + I. + +

+

+ In + the + Text:- + +

+

+ Oed. + Tyr. + line + 75 + Jfor + καθήκοντας + read + καθήκοντος. + +

+

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+

+ In + the + Essay + on + Language + :- + +

+

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+

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+

+ 27 + med. + ,, + Hdt. + 4. + 69 + „ + Hadt. + 8. + 33. + +

+

+ 62 + b. + 1 + transpose + the + Pindar + reff. + +

+

+ 62 + med. + for + p. + 53 + read + 57 + fin. + +

+

+ 72 + ς. + P· + 35 + ” + 38. + +

+

+ 72 + 6. + 2 + n + Pp- + 33 + ” + 35 + +

+

+ 85 + (3) + „Phil. + 1123 + ,, + 1213. + +

+

+ 88 + med. + , + Hdt. + 8. + 891 + ,, + 3. + 38. + +

+

+ In + the + Preface + :— + +

+

+ Page + xxi. + fin. + read + DOr. + X, + 1, + 3, + 13. + Late + 15th + Cent. + Aj. + El. + +

+

+ „ + „D'Or. + X, + 1, + 3, + 14. + Early + 15th + Cent. + Aj. + El. + +

+

+ xxix. + L + 20 + of + f. + delete + the + sentences + ‘ + But + there. + . + . + at + Oxford.’ + +

+

+ xxxiii, + iv. + Antig. + 664, + 920 + have + been + placed + by + mistake + among + the + +

+

+ readings + of + the + Electra. + +

+

+ For + Electra + 1367 + read + 676. + +

+

+ In + the + Notes + :— + +

+

+ Oed. + Tyr. + line + 65 + for + E.onL. + § + 4. + 5 + read + 5 + 40. + 5. + +

+

+ 122 + ,, + IL + 725 + 715. + +

+

+ i77 + " + Ag. + 1074 + 1123. + +

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+ 182 + .. + p. + 76 + „ + pp. + 83. + 4. + +

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+ 957 + . + bp. + 51 + „50. + +

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+

+ In + the + Notes + :— + +

+

+ Oed. + Col. + line + +

+

+ for + +

+

+ Eum. + 337 + +

+

+ read + +

+

+ 3 + +

+

+ 237. + +

+

+ 7. + 8 + +

+

+ p. + 19 + +

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+ ⸗ + +

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+

+ p. + 62 + +

+

+ 83 + · + +

+

+ ElL + 755 + +

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+

+ § + 31 + +

+

+ § + 41- + +

+

+ p. + 294 + +

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+ 298. + +

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+ p. + 88 + +

+

+ 99- + +

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+ § + 15. + p. + 22 + +

+

+ § + 16. + p. + 23- + +

+

+ p· + 71;: + p. + 67 + +

+

+ p. + 78: + P. + 73. + 6. + +

+

+ Phil. + 1338 + +

+

+ 1354- + +

+

+ p. + 88 + +

+

+ pp. + 39. + o1. + +

+

+ 927 + +

+

+ 917. + +

+

+ Ant. + 689 + +

+

+ 289. + +

+

+ 5 + 59 + +

+

+ 5 + 20- + +

+

+ 777 + +

+

+ 771- + +

+

+ 1625 + +

+

+ 1265. + +

+

+ 1326 + +

+

+ 1310. + +

+

+ Eur. + 608 + +

+

+ Eur. + H. + F. + 608. + +

+

+ p. + 72 + +

+

+ p- + 79- + +

+

+ 160. + +

+

+ 190 + +

+

+ 465 + +

+

+ 463. + +

+

+ 1600 + +

+

+ 1690. + +

+

+ p· + 96; + p. + 91 + +

+

+ p. + 95; + p. + 101. + +

+

+ p. + 59 + +

+

+ p. + 64. + +

+

+ p. + 61 + +

+

+ p. + 66. + +

+

+ Od. + 11. + 247 + +

+

+ 274. + +

+

+ p. + 87 + +

+

+ p- + 97. + +

+

+ p + · + 91 + +

+

+ p. + 102. + +

+

+ p. + 32 + +

+

+ p- + 35- + +

+

+ Phil. + 19 + +

+

+ 15 + E. + +

+

+ § + 35. + p. + 59 + +

+

+ § + 36. + p. + 65. + +

+

+ p. + 75: + p. + 85 + +

+

+ p. + 63: + P. + 94 + +

+

+ 605 + D + +

+

+ 695 + D. + +

+

+ p. + 90 + +

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+

+ p. + 64 + +

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+

+ pp. + 81, + 2 + +

+

+ pp.- + 89, + o1- + +

+

+ p. + 76 + +

+

+ pp· + 83. + 4- + +

+

+ pp. + 37. + 8 + +

+

+ p. + 40. + +

+

+ p. + 69 + +

+

+ p. + 75 + +

+

+ ib. + +

+

+ ib. + 5 + 58. + p. + 105. + +

+

+ pp· + 84 + 5 + +

+

+ § + 50. + p. + 94- + +

+

+ 933 + +

+

+ O9g + · + +

+

+ pp. + 66, + 7 + +

+

+ pp. + 76, + 7- + +

+

+ 1203 + +

+

+ 1303. + +

INTRODUCTION
-

+

-

INTRODUCTION.

-

Oin Afavros ψυχὴ Tehauemabao νόσφιν ἀφεστήκει, κεχολωμένη εἵνεκα νίκης, τήν μιν ἐγὼ νίκησα δικαζόμενος παρὰ νηυσὶ τεύχεσιν ἀμφ’ Ἀχιλῆος· ἔθηκε δὲ πότνια μήτηρ· [παῖδες δὲ Τρώων δίκασαν καὶ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη.] ὡς δὴ μὴ ὄφελον νικᾶν τοιῷδ’ ἐπ’ ἀέθλῳ· τοίην γὰρ κεφαλὴν ἕνεκ’ αὐτῶν γαῖα κατέσχεν, Αἴανθ’, ὃς περὶ μὲν εἶδος, περὶ δ’ ἔργα τέτυκτο τῶν ἄλλων Δαναῶν, μετ’ ἀμύμονα Πηλείωνα. Odyssey, 11. 543-551. Ἴστε pav Alavros ἀλκὰν φοίνιον, τὰν ὀψίᾳ ἐν νυκτὶ ταμὼν περὶ ᾧ φασγάνῳ μομφὰν ἔχει παίδεσσιν Ἑλλάνων, ὅσοι Τρῴανδ’ ἔβαν. Pind. Isthm. 3. 58-61. Κρυφίαισι γὰρ ἐν ψάφοις Ὀδυσσῆ Aavaol θεράπευσαν. Pind. Nem. 8. 45. Τρεψάμενος δ’ Ἀχιλλεὺς τοὺς Τρῶας καὶ els nAw εἰσπεσὼν ὑπὸ Πάριδος ἀναιρεῖται kat Ἀπόλλωνος· καὶ περὶ τοῦ πτώματος γενομένης ἰσχυρᾶς μάχης Αἴας ἀνελόμενος ἐπὶ τὰς ναῦς κομίζει, Ὀδυσσέως ἀπομαχομένου τοῖς Τρωσίν. 2 2 2 8 A A a ’ 2 Emeira Ἀντίλοχόν τε θάπτουσι kal τὸν νεκρὸν τοῦ Ἀχιλλέως προτίθενται . οἱ δὲ Ἀχαιοὶ τὸν τάφον χώσαντες ἀγῶνα τιθέασι. Καὶ περὶ τῶν Ἀχιλλέως ὅπλων Ὀδυσσεῖ καὶ Αἴαντι στάσις ἐμπίπτει. From the argument of the Αἰθιοπίς of Arctinus in the Chrestomathia of Proclus. H τῶν ὅπλων κρίσις γίνεται, kal Ὀδυσσεὺς μετὰ βούλησιν Ἀθήνης λαμ- βάνει, Αἴας δὲ ἐμμανὴς γενόμενος τήν τε λείαν τῶν Ἀχαιῶν λυμαίνεται καὶ ἑαυτὸν 2. 2 , A , i i ἀναιρεῖί. From the argument of Ἰλιὰς μικρά of Lesches, ibid. ΤΗΣ loss of the Cyclic poems, and of the Thressae and Sala- minians of Aeschylus, prevents us from knowing exactly in what manner the poet moulded the traditional materials out of which his tragedy was formed. But it is reasonable to suppose that such inci- dents not found in earlier poetry as are external to the plot were derived from some lost source, while those directly pertinent to the action are more probably the poet's own. Thus the dragging of

+ Title +

+ INTRODUCTION. + +

+ Introduction +

+ Oin + Afavros + ψυχὴ + Tehauemabao + + νόσφιν + ἀφεστήκει, + κεχολωμένη + εἵνεκα + νίκης, + + τήν + μιν + ἐγὼ + νίκησα + δικαζόμενος + παρὰ + νηυσὶ + + τεύχεσιν + ἀμφ’ + Ἀχιλῆος· + ἔθηκε + δὲ + πότνια + μήτηρ· + + [παῖδες + δὲ + Τρώων + δίκασαν + καὶ + Παλλὰς + Ἀθήνη.] + + ὡς + δὴ + μὴ + ὄφελον + νικᾶν + τοιῷδ’ + ἐπ’ + ἀέθλῳ· + + τοίην + γὰρ + κεφαλὴν + ἕνεκ’ + αὐτῶν + γαῖα + κατέσχεν, + + Αἴανθ’, + ὃς + περὶ + μὲν + εἶδος, + περὶ + δ’ + ἔργα + τέτυκτο + + τῶν + ἄλλων + Δαναῶν, + μετ’ + ἀμύμονα + Πηλείωνα. + + + Ἴστε + pav + Alavros + ἀλκὰν + φοίνιον, + τὰν + ὀψίᾳ + + ἐν + νυκτὶ + ταμὼν + περὶ + ᾧ + φασγάνῳ + μομφὰν + ἔχει + + παίδεσσιν + Ἑλλάνων, + ὅσοι + Τρῴανδ’ + ἔβαν. + + + Κρυφίαισι + γὰρ + ἐν + ψάφοις + Ὀδυσσῆ + Aavaol + θεράπευσαν. + + + Τρεψάμενος + δ’ + Ἀχιλλεὺς + τοὺς + Τρῶας + καὶ + els + nAw + εἰσπεσὼν + ὑπὸ + Πάριδος + + ἀναιρεῖται + kat + Ἀπόλλωνος· + καὶ + περὶ + τοῦ + πτώματος + γενομένης + ἰσχυρᾶς + μάχης + + Αἴας + ἀνελόμενος + ἐπὶ + τὰς + ναῦς + κομίζει, + Ὀδυσσέως + ἀπομαχομένου + τοῖς + Τρωσίν. + + 2 + 2 + 2 + 8 + A + A + a + ’ + 2 + + Emeira + Ἀντίλοχόν + τε + θάπτουσι + kal + τὸν + νεκρὸν + τοῦ + Ἀχιλλέως + προτίθενται + . + + οἱ + δὲ + Ἀχαιοὶ + τὸν + τάφον + χώσαντες + ἀγῶνα + τιθέασι. + Καὶ + περὶ + τῶν + Ἀχιλλέως + + ὅπλων + Ὀδυσσεῖ + καὶ + Αἴαντι + στάσις + ἐμπίπτει. + From + the + argument + of + the + + Αἰθιοπίς + of + Arctinus + in + the + Chrestomathia + of + Proclus. + + H + τῶν + ὅπλων + κρίσις + γίνεται, + kal + Ὀδυσσεὺς + μετὰ + βούλησιν + Ἀθήνης + λαμ- + + βάνει, + Αἴας + δὲ + ἐμμανὴς + γενόμενος + τήν + τε + λείαν + τῶν + Ἀχαιῶν + λυμαίνεται + καὶ + ἑαυτὸν + + 2. + 2 + , + + μικρά + of + Lesches, + ibid. + + ΤΗΣ + loss + of + the + Cyclic + poems, + and + of + the + Thressae + and + Sala- + + minians + of + Aeschylus, + prevents + us + from + knowing + exactly + in + what + + manner + the + poet + moulded + the + traditional + materials + out + of + which + his + + tragedy + was + formed. + But + it + is + reasonable + to + suppose + that + such + inci- + + dents + not + found + in + earlier + poetry + as + are + external + to + the + plot + were + + derived + from + some + lost + source, + while + those + directly + pertinent + to + the + + action + are + more + probably + the + poet's + own. + Thus + the + dragging + of + +

+

+ 7 + +

-

Hector by Achilles before death, which Euripides also assumes, has in all probability an Epic origin1; but Sophocles is fairly to be credited with making Ajax perfom his last act in presence of the Sun, and not, as Pindar describes it, at dead of night, or as Arctinus (according to the Scholiast on Pind. Isthm. 3. 59), in the grey dawn. It is more important to notice, what is evident on the surface of the play, that for dramatic purposes the poet sets forth the same action from various points of view. How far any of these rest upon tradition, how far upon invention, is again doubtful, though we are naturally tempted to assign what is crude to primitive legend, and to Sophocles what is noblest and most refined. Thus the incident of Ajax’ slaughter of the cattle could not have been referred to the invention of Sophocles, even if we had not been told that it was included in the Little Iliad. 1. The interposition of Athena supplies the mainspring of the story. Her appearance in the opening scene produces a deep impression, which remains with the spectator to the end. Although dimly visible, and not blazoned to the view, as she would have been in an Aeschylean drama, her voice must have thrilled the vast audience with a no less overpowering awe. In the course of the drama her action is differently regarded by different persons. a. She comes at the height of that which mortals deem her wrath : — but what calmness, what sublime self-possession, breathes in every word ! We see that she has done nothing but in care for the army and for Odysseus, whose wisdom, inspired by her, preserves the army. In maddening Ajax, she has saved the generals, from whom she has brushed away the impending danger, ‘ as a mother flicks a fly from her sleeping child,’ and in the defeat which caused his rage and made her interference necessary, he suffered the inevitable consequence of his overweening pride. Her face is still against him— that the spec- tator sees—and her divine irony is terrible. The gods know no half- measures ; they are as inexorable ‘ as a law of Nature.’ But we are made to feel that without this act of her displeasure the host must have perished, and the severe warning to Odysseus with which she withdraws to the unseen Olympus, justifies her in the mind of the spectator of all suspicion of vindictiveness and party spirit. She her- self draws from Odysseus the admission that Ajax, when in his right mind, was distinguished both for bravery and foresight. b. Not so does Tecmessa in her bitter grief read the lesson of the situation.—‘The terrible daughter of Zeus has contrived this calamity to please Odysseus.’ Not so does Ajax understand it in his rage. He only knows that she has defeated his purpose :—‘ The resistless goddess of the petrifying glance, daughter of Zeus, foiled me with madness when in the act of stretching forth my hand against them.’ In his dissembling speech he professes himself anxious to avoid her

-

1 It may notwithstanding have been analogy between sword and girdle more preferred by Sophocles, as making the complete. See 1029 ff. and note.

+ Introduction +

+ Hector + by + Achilles + before + death, + which + Euripides + also + assumes, + has + in + + all + probability + an + Epic + origin1; + but + Sophocles + is + fairly + to + be + credited + + with + making + Ajax + perfom + his + last + act + in + presence + of + the + Sun, + and + + not, + as + Pindar + describes + it, + at + dead + of + night, + or + as + Arctinus + (according + + to + the + Scholiast + on + in + the + grey + dawn. + + It + is + more + important + to + notice, + what + is + evident + on + the + surface + of + the + + play, + that + for + dramatic + purposes + the + poet + sets + forth + the + same + action + + from + various + points + of + view. + How + far + any + of + these + rest + upon + + tradition, + how + far + upon + invention, + is + again + doubtful, + though + we + are + + naturally + tempted + to + assign + what + is + crude + to + primitive + legend, + and + + to + Sophocles + what + is + noblest + and + most + refined. + Thus + the + incident + + of + Ajax’ + slaughter + of + the + cattle + could + not + have + been + referred + to + the + + invention + of + Sophocles, + even + if + we + had + not + been + told + that + it + was + + included + in + the + Iliad. + + 1. + The + interposition + of + Athena + supplies + the + mainspring + of + the + story. + + Her + appearance + in + the + opening + scene + produces + a + deep + impression, + + which + remains + with + the + spectator + to + the + end. + Although + dimly + + visible, + and + not + blazoned + to + the + view, + as + she + would + have + been + in + an + + Aeschylean + drama, + her + voice + must + have + thrilled + the + vast + audience + + with + a + no + less + overpowering + awe. + + In + the + course + of + the + drama + her + action + is + differently + regarded + by + + different + persons. + + a. + She + comes + at + the + height + of + that + which + mortals + deem + her + wrath + : + + — + but + what + calmness, + what + sublime + self-possession, + breathes + in + every + + word + ! + We + see + that + she + has + done + nothing + but + in + care + for + the + army + + and + for + Odysseus, + whose + wisdom, + inspired + by + her, + preserves + the + army. + + In + maddening + Ajax, + she + has + saved + the + generals, + from + whom + she + has + + brushed + away + the + impending + danger, + ‘ + as + a + mother + flicks + a + fly + from + + her + sleeping + child,’ + and + in + the + defeat + which + caused + his + rage + and + made + + her + interference + necessary, + he + suffered + the + inevitable + consequence + of + + his + overweening + pride. + Her + face + is + still + against + him— + that + the + spec- + + tator + sees—and + her + divine + irony + is + terrible. + The + gods + know + no + half- + + measures + ; + they + are + as + inexorable + ‘ + as + a + law + of + Nature.’ + But + we + are + + made + to + feel + that + without + this + act + of + her + displeasure + the + host + must + + have + perished, + and + the + severe + warning + to + Odysseus + with + which + she + + withdraws + to + the + unseen + Olympus, + justifies + her + in + the + mind + of + the + + spectator + of + all + suspicion + of + vindictiveness + and + party + spirit. + She + her- + + self + draws + from + Odysseus + the + admission + that + Ajax, + when + in + his + right + + mind, + was + distinguished + both + for + bravery + and + foresight. + + b. + Not + so + does + Tecmessa + in + her + bitter + grief + read + the + lesson + of + the + + situation.—‘The + terrible + daughter + of + Zeus + has + contrived + this + calamity + + to + please + Odysseus.’ + Not + so + does + Ajax + understand + it + in + his + rage. + + He + only + knows + that + she + has + defeated + his + purpose + :—‘ + The + resistless + + goddess + of + the + petrifying + glance, + daughter + of + Zeus, + foiled + me + with + + madness + when + in + the + act + of + stretching + forth + my + hand + against + them.’ + + In + his + dissembling + speech + he + professes + himself + anxious + to + avoid + her + +

+ Footnote + + 1 It + may + notwithstanding + have + been + analogy + between + sword + and + girdle + more + preferred + by + Sophocles, + as + making + the + complete. + See + 1029 + ff. + and + note. +
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anger. But when alone at last, he passes her over in silence, appeal- ing to Zeus, the supreme god, to right him as a kinsman, and to the Erinyes to avenge him against the Atreidae, on whom he throws all the blame. c. Yet another way of viewing the divine action appears in the reported speech of Calchas, which makes the crisis of the drama. Athena’s ‘wrath’ which Ajax has earned by his pride, is irresistible while it lasts, but in the eternal counsels it is not destined to endure. Thus we are assured that although the attempt to save the hero’s life is doomed to failure, he is no longer to be the object of heavenly anger, and Odysseus, in vindicating for his enemy the honours of a chieftain, is carrying out the unanimous wil of the gods. To this he has indeed been predisposed by the warning which he re- ceived from Athena in the opening scene. In all this it is manifest how the spirit of Attic tragedy has softened the old crude notion of divine malice,—the hard saying that Odysseus she had loved, but Ajax she had hated.’ 2. The interest of the tragic poet, however, is less concentrated on the supernatural background, which is throughout assumed (and even in the Ajax is comparatively withdrawn from sight), than on the behaviour of the human agents under the destiny which the fable presupposes. In becoming the hero of a Sophoclean tragedy, Ajax acquires a depth and nobleness of character which do not belong to him in the Epic tradition. In the Iliad he is chiefly known by his tall stature and his fearless soldiership. He is a bulwark of the Achaeans in the hour of peril, but in council he sinks into insignificance, and his blunt speech and rugged bearing are regarded with something of amusement, though still, on account of his valour, with pride and awe. He is repeatedly spoken of as ranking next to Achilles both in achievements and in handsome looks 1, and so Odysseus speaks of him in the Odyssey. But in the single combat with Hector, into which he goes with a glad smile on the grim countenance 2, he modestly speaks of himself as one of many, who, though less than Achilles, are more than a match for ihe most valiant Trojans. He boasts, however, not only of his sturdy endurance, but of his skill in fight3; and this may possibly be the hint which Sophocles has followed in representing as equal to the best in prompt action and in force of apprehension, the hero whom Hector (as an enemy, but with some colour from common rumour) calls ‘a hulking braggart, blundering in speech 2.’

-

later poetry, so that the Thersites of 1 See esp. IL. 2. 768. Shakespeare’s mock-heroic can speak 2 uadiar βλοσυροῖσι προσώπασι, of him as ‘a gouty Briareus, all bands 3 I 7. 197, 8, οὐ γάρ τίς με βίῃ and no use,’ and Mr. M. Amold can ἑκὼν ἀεκόντα δίηται, οὐδὲ μὲν ἰδρείῃ. translate 6 uéyas βαρυμάνιος ἤρως, as ἐπεὶ οὐδ’ ἐμὲ νήϊδά V οὕτως | ἔλπομαι ἐν applied to Ajax in Theocr. 15. 138,; by Σαλαμῖνι γενέσθαι τε τραφέμεν τε. ‘mighty moonstruck hero. 4 13. 324, Alav, ἁμαρτοεπές, Bov- γάϊε. This feature was exaggerated in

+ Introduction +

+ anger. + But + when + alone + at + last, + he + passes + her + over + in + silence, + appeal- + + ing + to + Zeus, + the + supreme + god, + to + right + him + as + a + kinsman, + and + to + the + + Erinyes + to + avenge + him + against + the + Atreidae, + on + whom + he + throws + all + + the + blame. + + c. + Yet + another + way + of + viewing + the + divine + action + appears + in + the + + reported + speech + of + Calchas, + which + makes + the + crisis + of + the + drama. + + Athena’s + ‘wrath’ + which + Ajax + has + earned + by + his + pride, + is + irresistible + + while + it + lasts, + but + in + the + eternal + counsels + it + is + not + destined + to + endure. + + Thus + we + are + assured + that + although + the + attempt + to + save + the + hero’s + life + + is + doomed + to + failure, + he + is + no + longer + to + be + the + object + of + heavenly + + anger, + and + Odysseus, + in + vindicating + for + his + enemy + the + honours + of + + a + chieftain, + is + carrying + out + the + unanimous + wil + of + the + gods. + To + + this + he + has + indeed + been + predisposed + by + the + warning + which + he + re- + + ceived + from + Athena + in + the + opening + scene. + + In + all + this + it + is + manifest + how + the + spirit + of + Attic + tragedy + has + + softened + the + old + crude + notion + of + divine + malice,—the + hard + saying + that + + Odysseus + she + had + loved, + but + Ajax + she + had + hated.’ + + 2. + The + interest + of + the + tragic + poet, + however, + is + less + concentrated + + on + the + supernatural + background, + which + is + throughout + assumed + (and + + even + in + the + Ajax + is + comparatively + withdrawn + from + sight), + than + on + the + + behaviour + of + the + human + agents + under + the + destiny + which + the + fable + + presupposes. + + In + becoming + the + hero + of + a + Sophoclean + tragedy, + Ajax + acquires + + a + depth + and + nobleness + of + character + which + do + not + belong + to + him + + in + the + Epic + tradition. + In + the + Iliad + he + is + chiefly + known + by + his + tall + + stature + and + his + fearless + soldiership. + He + is + a + bulwark + of + the + Achaeans + + in + the + hour + of + peril, + but + in + council + he + sinks + into + insignificance, + and + + his + blunt + speech + and + rugged + bearing + are + regarded + with + something + + of + amusement, + though + still, + on + account + of + his + valour, + with + pride + and + + awe. + He + is + repeatedly + spoken + of + as + ranking + next + to + Achilles + both + in + + achievements + and + in + handsome + looks + 1, + and + so + Odysseus + speaks + of + + him + in + the + Odyssey. + But + in + the + single + combat + with + Hector, + into + + which + he + goes + with + a + glad + smile + on + the + grim + countenance + 2, + he + + modestly + speaks + of + himself + as + one + of + many, + who, + though + less + than + + Achilles, + are + more + than + a + match + for + ihe + most + valiant + Trojans. + He + + boasts, + however, + not + only + of + his + sturdy + endurance, + but + of + his + skill + + in + fight3; + and + this + may + possibly + be + the + hint + which + Sophocles + has + + followed + in + representing + as + equal + to + the + best + in + prompt + action + and + in + + force + of + apprehension, + the + hero + whom + Hector + (as + an + enemy, + but + + with + some + colour + from + common + rumour) + calls + ‘a + hulking + braggart, + + blundering + in + speech + 2.’ + +

+ Footnote + + later + poetry, + so + that + the + Thersites + of + 1 + See + esp. + IL. + 2. + 768. + Shakespeare’s + mock-heroic + can + speak + 2 + uadiar + βλοσυροῖσι + προσώπασι, + of + him + as + ‘a + gouty + Briareus, + all + bands + 3 + I + 7. + 197, + 8, + οὐ + γάρ + τίς + με + βίῃ + and + no + use,’ + and + Mr. + M. + Amold + can + ἑκὼν + ἀεκόντα + δίηται, + οὐδὲ + μὲν + ἰδρείῃ. + translate + 6 + uéyas + βαρυμάνιος + ἤρως, + as + ἐπεὶ + οὐδ’ + ἐμὲ + νήϊδά + V + οὕτως + | + ἔλπομαι + ἐν + applied + to + Ajax + in + Theocr. + 15. + 138,; + by + Σαλαμῖνι + γενέσθαι + τε + τραφέμεν + τε. + ‘mighty + moonstruck + hero. + 4 + 13. + 324, + Alav, + ἁμαρτοεπές, + Bov- + γάϊε. + This + feature + was + exaggerated + in +
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In this, and other scattered hints in the Iliad, as in the prayer for light, and his chivalrous bearing to Odysseus and Diomed at the funeral games, some approach may be found to the Sophoclean con- ception. But it is also possible that this higher view of him may have been maintained in some Epic rhapsody of which Ajax was the hero. Therte is no ἀριστεία of Ajax in the Iliad, where he is purposely subordinated not only to Achilles but (at the most eritical moments also) to Diomed and Patroclus, and it is quite conceivable that the above-mentioned characteristic of foresight, and also the supreme part assigned to the hero by Teucer in the defence of the ships, may have been anticipated in the Little Iliad1. Be this as it may, we have in the Ajax of Sophocles, as compared with anything extant in the earlier literature, the original conception of a character at once strong and misunderstood, in whose feeling of wounded honour, therefore, the spectator, who is made to understand him, can entirely sympathize. The poet and his audience are alone in possession of the secret of Ajax’ soul. They alone witness his demeanour at the close. In the eleventh book of the Odyssey, the shade of the son of Telamon recoils from the advances of Odysseus, and stands aloof in eloquent silence, because of the judgment of the arms. Tnat silence is interpreted for us by the tragic poet, who with happy audacity has for once represented the act of suicide upon the stage. He thus reveals to us not only the agony of the wounded spirit, but also the nobleness which was hidden from the world of his con- temporaries and, while dimly felt by those nearest to him, was partly recognised by his enemy Odysseus after his death. a. This higher mood, which shows the worth of the life that is being extinguished, consists, first, in the hero’s clear vision of his situation, agreeing with Athena’s saying that he is equal to the best in foresight. When once the illusion is past, even while the ‘sea’ of his rage is "still working after storm,’ he forthwith steadily faces the inevitable. He knows that he cannot outlive his honour, and he prepares accordingly. b. Secondly, from this first moment, his w:ll never falters, but moves straight forward to the end. In his first outburst, it is true, while as yet not fully conscious of those surrounding him, he betrays his purpose with what his followers regard as characteristic rashness and defiance of prevention. But when the mariners have sought to dissuade him, when Tecmessa has made her appeal, he withdraws with a few fierce words into complete solitude. And when he comes forth again we find that he has measured the force of the obstacles which he has to overcome, and has deliberately chosen to use the necessary means for obviating them, viz. dissimulation. Of this, however, he employs just so much as is necessary to secure his end,

-

1That an Alavros ἀριστεία existed ῥαβδὸν ἔφρασεν | θεσπεσίων ἐπέων λοι- and was attributed to Homer may be τποῖς ἀθύρειν. The defence of the body inferred from Pind. Isthm. 3. 62-6, of Achilles by Ajax in the Aethiopis aa ; Ounpbs τοι τετίμακεν δι’ ἀνθρώπων, might be the occasion of such a repre- abtrob | πᾶσαν ὀρθώσαι dpeTar κατὰ sentation of him.

+ Introduction +

+ In + this, + and + other + scattered + hints + in + the + Iliad, + as + in + the + prayer + for + + light, + and + his + chivalrous + bearing + to + Odysseus + and + Diomed + at + the + + funeral + games, + some + approach + may + be + found + to + the + Sophoclean + con- + + ception. + But + it + is + also + possible + that + this + higher + view + of + him + may + + have + been + maintained + in + some + Epic + rhapsody + of + which + Ajax + was + + the + hero. + Therte + is + no + ἀριστεία + of + Ajax + in + the + Iliad, + where + he + is + + purposely + subordinated + not + only + to + Achilles + but + (at + the + most + eritical + + moments + also) + to + Diomed + and + Patroclus, + and + it + is + quite + conceivable + + that + the + above-mentioned + characteristic + of + foresight, + and + also + the + + supreme + part + assigned + to + the + hero + by + Teucer + in + the + defence + of + the + + ships, + may + have + been + anticipated + in + the + Iliad1. + + Be + this + as + it + may, + we + have + in + the + Ajax + of + Sophocles, + as + compared + + with + anything + extant + in + the + earlier + literature, + the + original + conception + + of + a + character + at + once + strong + and + misunderstood, + in + whose + feeling + of + + wounded + honour, + therefore, + the + spectator, + who + is + made + to + understand + + him, + can + entirely + sympathize. + The + poet + and + his + audience + are + alone + + in + possession + of + the + secret + of + Ajax’ + soul. + They + alone + witness + his + + demeanour + at + the + close. + In + the + the + + shade + of + the + son + of + Telamon + recoils + from + the + advances + of + Odysseus, + and + + stands + aloof + in + eloquent + silence, + because + of + the + judgment + of + the + arms. + + Tnat + silence + is + interpreted + for + us + by + the + tragic + poet, + who + with + happy + + audacity + has + for + once + represented + the + act + of + suicide + upon + the + stage. + + He + thus + reveals + to + us + not + only + the + agony + of + the + wounded + spirit, + but + + also + the + nobleness + which + was + hidden + from + the + world + of + his + con- + + temporaries + and, + while + dimly + felt + by + those + nearest + to + him, + was + partly + + recognised + by + his + enemy + Odysseus + after + his + death. + + a. + This + higher + mood, + which + shows + the + worth + of + the + life + that + is + + being + extinguished, + consists, + first, + in + the + hero’s + clear + vision + of + his + + situation, + agreeing + with + Athena’s + saying + that + he + is + equal + to + the + best + + in + foresight. + When + once + the + illusion + is + past, + even + while + the + ‘sea’ + + of + his + rage + is + "still + working + after + storm,’ + he + forthwith + steadily + faces + + the + inevitable. + He + knows + that + he + cannot + outlive + his + honour, + and + he + + prepares + accordingly. + + b. + Secondly, + from + this + first + moment, + his + w:ll + never + falters, + but + + moves + straight + forward + to + the + end. + In + his + first + outburst, + it + is + true, + + while + as + yet + not + fully + conscious + of + those + surrounding + him, + he + betrays + + his + purpose + with + what + his + followers + regard + as + characteristic + rashness + + and + defiance + of + prevention. + But + when + the + mariners + have + sought + + to + dissuade + him, + when + Tecmessa + has + made + her + appeal, + he + withdraws + + with + a + few + fierce + words + into + complete + solitude. + And + when + he + comes + + forth + again + we + find + that + he + has + measured + the + force + of + the + obstacles + + which + he + has + to + overcome, + and + has + deliberately + chosen + to + use + the + + necessary + means + for + obviating + them, + viz. + dissimulation. + Of + this, + + however, + he + employs + just + so + much + as + is + necessary + to + secure + his + end, + +

+ Footnote + + 1That + an + Alavros + ἀριστεία + existed + ῥαβδὸν + ἔφρασεν + | + θεσπεσίων + ἐπέων + λοι- + and + was + attributed + to + Homer + may + be + τποῖς + ἀθύρειν. + The + defence + of + the + body + inferred + from + Pind. + Isthm. + 3. + 62-6, + of + Achilles + by + Ajax + in + the + Aethiopis + aa + ; + Ounpbs + τοι + τετίμακεν + δι’ + ἀνθρώπων, + might + be + the + occasion + of + such + a + repre- + abtrob + | + πᾶσαν + ὀρθώσαι + dpeTar + κατὰ + sentation + of + him. +
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and the spectator who reads between the lines perceives that while (as in Antigone) a calm resolve has taken the place of passionate defiance, the proud spirit is not yet broken. And once more the same temper becomes openly apparent, when, e hour of his departure, he makes his solitary appeal to Zeus and elios. c. In the third place, we are made to see that the pride of Ajax; which is the defect inseparable from his strength of will, is no cold or isolated feeling. It is not merely his own personal honour for which he cares, but the glory of his race. He had longed to rejoice the hearts of Telamon and Eriboea, and to enrich their hearth in the little isle with glories freshly won. In his own fall he is careful to provide for the honour as well as for the safety of his son. He knows that by the act he meditates his fame will be vindicated, and that Teucer, the faithful, will stand by to protect Eurysaces and train him in his father’s stern ways. It is for this reason, as well as with a view to his own burial, that his first action on coming to himself is to call loudly for Teucer. d. Lastly, in evidence of the tenderness of the great heart, whose inmost fibre is here disclosed to us, we have the strong attachment of the mariners, and the lowly but affectionate devotion of Tecmessa. We have also his touching words at the thought of his mother’s grief, and the warmth of his farewell not only to Salamis and Athens, but to the familiar features of the hostile land that has nourished him for ten years past. 3. But while the poet and the spectator see more in Ajax than is admitted even by Odysseus or Athena, the other persons of the drama, perhaps excepting Teucer, have but a partial view of him. Even Tecmessa has not fathomed his sense of honour, and fails to see clearly the consequence to which it must inevitably lead. To her and to the chorus he is a tower of strength, but they know little how to deal with him, and regard him as untameable and unmanageable. To Menelaus he is a soldier with no special claim to command, and more remarkable for bigness than any other quality. To Agamemnon he is simply a rebel. Thus the old Homeric picture of the burly warrior is employed by the dramatic poet to indicate the impression made on supetficial observers by the hero whom he is showing to us as ennobled by suffering. 4. While the fame of Ajax appears to have stood higher in the legend followed by Sophocles than in the Iliad, there are traces, both in this play and in the Philoctetes, of Odysseus having been some- where represented unfavourably. Here also Sophocles avails himself of both traditional aspects, the higher one, which in this case is known to us from the Odyssey, being again regarded as true. ñ 2. We see him at the opening as the friend of Athena, who, if zZealous against his foeman, is so chiefly in the interest of the army. If he is chargeable with a ‘horror naturalis, when brought face to face with a madman, this is only a human weakness, which distinguishes

+ Introduction +

+ and + the + spectator + who + reads + between + the + lines + perceives + that + while + + (as + in + Antigone) + a + calm + resolve + has + taken + the + place + of + passionate + + defiance, + the + proud + spirit + is + not + yet + broken. + + And + once + more + the + same + temper + becomes + openly + apparent, + when, + + e + hour + of + his + departure, + he + makes + his + solitary + appeal + to + Zeus + and + + elios. + + c. + In + the + third + place, + we + are + made + to + see + that + the + pride + of + Ajax; + + which + is + the + defect + inseparable + from + his + strength + of + will, + is + no + cold + + or + isolated + feeling. + It + is + not + merely + his + own + personal + honour + for + + which + he + cares, + but + the + glory + of + his + race. + He + had + longed + to + rejoice + + the + hearts + of + Telamon + and + Eriboea, + and + to + enrich + their + hearth + in + the + + little + isle + with + glories + freshly + won. + In + his + own + fall + he + is + careful + to + + provide + for + the + honour + as + well + as + for + the + safety + of + his + son. + He + + knows + that + by + the + act + he + meditates + his + fame + will + be + vindicated, + and + + that + Teucer, + the + faithful, + will + stand + by + to + protect + Eurysaces + and + train + + him + in + his + father’s + stern + ways. + It + is + for + this + reason, + as + well + as + with + a + + view + to + his + own + burial, + that + his + first + action + on + coming + to + himself + is + to + + call + loudly + for + Teucer. + + d. + Lastly, + in + evidence + of + the + tenderness + of + the + great + heart, + whose + + inmost + fibre + is + here + disclosed + to + us, + we + have + the + strong + attachment + of + + the + mariners, + and + the + lowly + but + affectionate + devotion + of + Tecmessa. + + We + have + also + his + touching + words + at + the + thought + of + his + mother’s + grief, + + and + the + warmth + of + his + farewell + not + only + to + Salamis + and + Athens, + but + + to + the + familiar + features + of + the + hostile + land + that + has + nourished + him + for + + ten + years + past. + + 3. + But + while + the + poet + and + the + spectator + see + more + in + Ajax + than + + is + admitted + even + by + Odysseus + or + Athena, + the + other + persons + of + the + + drama, + perhaps + excepting + Teucer, + have + but + a + partial + view + of + him. + + Even + Tecmessa + has + not + fathomed + his + sense + of + honour, + and + fails + to + + see + clearly + the + consequence + to + which + it + must + inevitably + lead. + To + + her + and + to + the + chorus + he + is + a + tower + of + strength, + but + they + know + + little + how + to + deal + with + him, + and + regard + him + as + untameable + and + + unmanageable. + To + Menelaus + he + is + a + soldier + with + no + special + claim + + to + command, + and + more + remarkable + for + bigness + than + any + other + quality. + + To + Agamemnon + he + is + simply + a + rebel. + Thus + the + old + Homeric + + picture + of + the + burly + warrior + is + employed + by + the + dramatic + poet + to + + indicate + the + impression + made + on + supetficial + observers + by + the + hero + + whom + he + is + showing + to + us + as + ennobled + by + suffering. + + 4. + While + the + fame + of + Ajax + appears + to + have + stood + higher + in + the + + legend + followed + by + Sophocles + than + in + the + Iliad, + there + are + traces, + both + + in + this + play + and + in + the + Philoctetes, + of + Odysseus + having + been + some- + + where + represented + unfavourably. + + Here + also + Sophocles + avails + himself + of + both + traditional + aspects, + the + + higher + one, + which + in + this + case + is + known + to + us + from + the + Odyssey, + being + + again + regarded + as + true. + ñ + + 2. + We + see + him + at + the + opening + as + the + friend + of + Athena, + who, + if + + zZealous + against + his + foeman, + is + so + chiefly + in + the + interest + of + the + army. + + If + he + is + chargeable + with + a + ‘horror + naturalis, + when + brought + face + to + face + + with + a + madman, + this + is + only + a + human + weakness, + which + distinguishes + +

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the mortal from the goddess. And when he sees the depth to which his enemy is fallen, his compassion shows him human in a nobler way. 1 the close of the drama it is Odysseus whose moderating wisdom, contrasting equally with the fierceness of Ajax and the tyranny of Agamemnon, puts an end to strife, and secures the rite of burial for his enemy. Such is the real Odysseus, Laertes’ son, a figure worthy to have said the noble words that are quoted above from the Nekyia. 4. Meanwhile, how is he regarded by the Salaminians, by Ajax, by Tecmessa and Teucer? As a shameless spy, who poisons the minds of the Achaeans against the man whom he has robbed of his just honours, as the accomplice of the cruelty of Athena, as an accursed fox, the son of Sisyphus and only the reputed son of Laertes, as one whose dark-visaged soul ‘rejoiceth in iniquity,’ etc. We are reminded of the feelings of Philoctetes towards Odysseus as his arch-enemy. 5. Of the remaining plays of Sophocles, that which in structure most resembles the Ajax is the Antigone. In both, the death of the chief person precedes the peripeteia. The sequel is occupied in the one case with the vindication of Ajax, in the other with the Nemesis of Antigone. The culminating event is announced in the Ajax by the messenger reporting the prophecy of Calchas, in the Antigone by the prophet Teiresias in person. The early disappearance of the protagonist in both dramas makes the action seem broken; and if we are more affected by the judgments that overtake Creon, than we are interested in the permission obtained to bury Ajax, the defect of unity, though superficial in both cases, is almost equally felt. To dwell briefly on minor peculiarities, the prologos in both plays is separable from the main action, and there is a sensible interval between it and the entrance of the chorus. In the Ajax, as in the Agamemnon of Aeschylus, there is a long anapaestic parodos, followed by a lyric strain, while in the Antigone the parodos consists of anapaestic systems alternating with lyrical strophes and antistrophes. These two odes have more resemblance to each other than either has to the parodos of any of the other five plays. In one respect the versifica- tion of the Antigone, while more elaborate, is more severe than that of the Ajax. It has no divided lines in the dialogue, a liberty which is admitted in the Ajax, but sparingly, and always so that the division comes at the caesura 1. Each and all of these peculiarities may fairly be thought to indicate a comparatively early date of composition2. And, this being so, although the subject is one on which it is difficult to speak with confidence, it is not altogether fanciful to say that the Ajax, more than any other drama, serves to mark the transition from the manner of the Aeschylean trilogy to the perfect unity in complexity of which the Oedipus Tyrannus is the chief example. 6. Although probably separated by a considerable interval in point

-

1 See Introduction to Oed. Col. vol. i. p. 271. 2 See vol. i. p. 452.

+ Introduction +

+ the + mortal + from + the + goddess. + And + when + he + sees + the + depth + to + which + + his + enemy + is + fallen, + his + compassion + shows + him + human + in + a + nobler + + way. + 1 + + the + close + of + the + drama + it + is + Odysseus + whose + moderating + wisdom, + + contrasting + equally + with + the + fierceness + of + Ajax + and + the + tyranny + of + + Agamemnon, + puts + an + end + to + strife, + and + secures + the + rite + of + burial + for + + his + enemy. + Such + is + the + real + Odysseus, + Laertes’ + son, + a + figure + worthy + + to + have + said + the + noble + words + that + are + quoted + above + from + the + Nekyia. + + 4. + Meanwhile, + how + is + he + regarded + by + the + Salaminians, + by + Ajax, + by + + Tecmessa + and + Teucer? + As + a + shameless + spy, + who + poisons + the + minds + + of + the + Achaeans + against + the + man + whom + he + has + robbed + of + his + just + + honours, + as + the + accomplice + of + the + cruelty + of + Athena, + as + an + accursed + + fox, + the + son + of + Sisyphus + and + only + the + reputed + son + of + Laertes, + as + one + + whose + dark-visaged + soul + ‘rejoiceth + in + iniquity,’ + etc. + We + are + reminded + + of + the + feelings + of + Philoctetes + towards + Odysseus + as + his + arch-enemy. + + 5. + Of + the + remaining + plays + of + Sophocles, + that + which + in + structure + + most + resembles + the + Ajax + is + the + Antigone. + In + both, + the + death + of + the + + chief + person + precedes + the + peripeteia. + The + sequel + is + occupied + in + the + + one + case + with + the + vindication + of + Ajax, + in + the + other + with + the + Nemesis + + of + Antigone. + The + culminating + event + is + announced + in + the + Ajax + by + + the + messenger + reporting + the + prophecy + of + Calchas, + in + the + Antigone + + by + the + prophet + Teiresias + in + person. + The + early + disappearance + of + the + + protagonist + in + both + dramas + makes + the + action + seem + broken; + and + if + we + + are + more + affected + by + the + judgments + that + overtake + Creon, + than + we + are + + interested + in + the + permission + obtained + to + bury + Ajax, + the + defect + of + unity, + + though + superficial + in + both + cases, + is + almost + equally + felt. + To + dwell + + briefly + on + minor + peculiarities, + the + prologos + in + both + plays + is + separable + + from + the + main + action, + and + there + is + a + sensible + interval + between + it + + and + the + entrance + of + the + chorus. + In + the + Ajax, + as + in + the + Agamemnon + + of + Aeschylus, + there + is + a + long + anapaestic + parodos, + followed + by + a + lyric + + strain, + while + in + the + Antigone + the + parodos + consists + of + anapaestic + + systems + alternating + with + lyrical + strophes + and + antistrophes. + These + + two + odes + have + more + resemblance + to + each + other + than + either + has + to + the + + parodos + of + any + of + the + other + five + plays. + In + one + respect + the + versifica- + + tion + of + the + Antigone, + while + more + elaborate, + is + more + severe + than + that + + of + the + Ajax. + It + has + no + divided + lines + in + the + dialogue, + a + liberty + which + + is + admitted + in + the + Ajax, + but + sparingly, + and + always + so + that + the + division + + comes + at + the + caesura + 1. + + Each + and + all + of + these + peculiarities + may + fairly + be + thought + to + indicate + + a + comparatively + early + date + of + composition2. + And, + this + being + so, + + although + the + subject + is + one + on + which + it + is + difficult + to + speak + with + + confidence, + it + is + not + altogether + fanciful + to + say + that + the + Ajax, + more + + than + any + other + drama, + serves + to + mark + the + transition + from + the + manner + + of + the + Aeschylean + trilogy + to + the + perfect + unity + in + complexity + of + which + + the + Tyrannus + is + the + chief + example. + + 6. + Although + probably + separated + by + a + considerable + interval + in + point + +

+ Footnote + + 1 + See + Introduction + to + Oed. + Col. + vol. + i. + p. + 271. + 2 + See + vol. + i. + p. + 452. +
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of the date of composition, and certainly very different in structure, the Ajax, in respect of subject and spirit, may be compared to the Oedipus Coloneus. Both appeal, in different ways, more directly than the other five plays, to Athenian patriotism 1, and both breathe the same high faith, that the essentially noble spirit cannot lastingly fall under the displeasure of the gods. In both there are elaborate accusations which give occasion for rhetorical display. But the Coloneus moves deeper questionings, and, as already said, the Ajax comprises the struggle and the reconcilement in successive acts, while the Oedipus at Colonus is wholly, like the Philoctetes, a drama of reconciliation. 7. The rhetorical tendency which is so conspicuous in the latter part of the Ajax no doubt arises from the situation, but it is less under the control of dramatic feeling than in the altercation between Creon and Haemon or the Watchman in the Antigone. The στιχομυθίαι especially, and the antiphonal dialogue in 1142-1162, have, in this respect, a certain crudeness that does not recur. Still, hardly a line is entirely without point and movement, and there is nothing to remind us of the occasional ἀδολεσχία of Euripides. 8. The two ‘acts,’ of which the Ajax consists, are divided by a change of scene, and by the exit and re-entrance, or ἐπιπάροδος, of the chorus2. In this there is a reminiscence of Aeschylean boldness ; indeed, it is doubtful whether anything in the extant plays of Aeschylus involves such a deliberate departure from established usage as the last speech of Ajax made in the absence of the chorus, and his suicide in the sight of the spectators. That this was the result of artistic contrivance has been already seen. The desired effect could not otherwise have been produced. The spectator could not have known all, and would have imagined something behind. The action, if solitary, could not be reported, and it must be solitary. But it may fairly be questioned whether Sophocles would have ventured upon this arrangement, if when he composed the Ajax the taste of the Athenians for unity of effect had been as completely formed as it was when he produced the Oedipus Tyrannus. 9. The fortunes of the Aeacidae were often made the subject of tragedy. Sophocles wrote a ‘Peleus,’ a ‘Teucer’ and a ‘Eurysaces.’ Amongst the lost plays of Aeschylus the Ὅπλων κρίσις, the Θρῆσσαι, and the Σαλαμίνιοι turned on the fall of Ajax, and may have formed a trilogy. Euripides had a Peleus ; and of minor dramatists, Theo- dectes and Astydamas treated the subject of Ajax, Ion and Nicomachus that of Teucer. (Nauck, Tragicorum Graecorum Fragmenta.) 10. Language and metre. a. The style of he Ajax is characterized by an epic fulness, and

-

1 The Ajax has been supposed to is in the Eumenides of Aeschylus, where appeal to Anti-Spartan feelling. But the change immediately follows the paro- dos. But see Introd. to Oed. Col in see note on l. 1074. 2 The only clearly parallel instance vol. i. pp. 282, 3.

+ Introduction +

+ of + the + date + of + composition, + and + certainly + very + different + in + structure, + + the + Ajax, + in + respect + of + subject + and + spirit, + may + be + compared + to + the + + Coloneus. + Both + appeal, + in + different + ways, + more + directly + + than + the + other + five + plays, + to + Athenian + patriotism + 1, and + both + breathe + + the + same + high + faith, + that + the + essentially + noble + spirit + cannot + lastingly + + fall + under + the + displeasure + of + the + gods. + In + both + there + are + elaborate + + accusations + which + give + occasion + for + rhetorical + display. + But + the + + Coloneus + moves + deeper + questionings, + and, + as + already + said, + the + Ajax + + comprises + the + struggle + and + the + reconcilement + in + successive + acts, + while + + the + Colonus + is + wholly, + like + the + Philoctetes, + a + drama + of + + reconciliation. + + 7. + The + rhetorical + tendency + which + is + so + conspicuous + in + the + latter + + part + of + the + Ajax + no + doubt + arises + from + the + situation, + but + it + is + less + under + + the + control + of + dramatic + feeling + than + in + the + altercation + between + Creon + + and + Haemon + or + the + Watchman + in + the + Antigone. + The + στιχομυθίαι + + especially, + and + the + antiphonal + dialogue + in + 1142-1162, + have, + in + this + + respect, + a + certain + crudeness + that + does + not + recur. + Still, + hardly + a + line + + is + entirely + without + point + and + movement, + and + there + is + nothing + to + remind + + us + of + the + occasional + ἀδολεσχία + of + Euripides. + + 8. + The + two + ‘acts,’ + of + which + the + Ajax + consists, + are + divided + by + a + + change + of + scene, + and + by + the + exit + and + re-entrance, + or + ἐπιπάροδος, + of + the + + chorus2. + In + this + there + is + a + reminiscence + of + Aeschylean + boldness + ; + + indeed, + it + is + doubtful + whether + anything + in + the + extant + plays + of + + Aeschylus + involves + such + a + deliberate + departure + from + established + usage + + as + the + last + speech + of + Ajax + made + in + the + absence + of + the + chorus, + and + + his + suicide + in + the + sight + of + the + spectators. + That + this + was + the + result + + of + artistic + contrivance + has + been + already + seen. + The + desired + effect + + could + not + otherwise + have + been + produced. + The + spectator + could + not + + have + known + all, + and + would + have + imagined + something + behind. + The + + action, + if + solitary, + could + not + be + reported, + and + it + must + be + solitary. + But + + it + may + fairly + be + questioned + whether + Sophocles + would + have + ventured + + upon + this + arrangement, + if + when + he + composed + the + Ajax + the + taste + of + + the + Athenians + for + unity + of + effect + had + been + as + completely + formed + as + + it + was + when + he + produced + the + Tyrannus. + + 9. + The + fortunes + of + the + Aeacidae + were + often + made + the + subject + of + + tragedy. + Sophocles + wrote + a + ‘Peleus,’ + a + ‘Teucer’ + and + a + ‘Eurysaces.’ + + Amongst + the + lost + plays + of + Aeschylus + the + Ὅπλων + κρίσις, + the + Θρῆσσαι, + + and + the + Σαλαμίνιοι + turned + on + the + fall + of + Ajax, + and + may + have + formed + + a + trilogy. + Euripides + had + a + Peleus + ; + and + of + minor + dramatists, + + dectes + and + Astydamas + treated + the + subject + of + Ajax, + Ion + and + Nicomachus + + that + of + Teucer. + (Nauck, + Tragicorum + Graecorum + Fragmenta.) + + 10. + Language + and + metre. + + a. + The + style + of + he + Ajax + is + characterized + by + an + epic + fulness, + and + +

+ Footnote + + 1 + The + Ajax + has + been + supposed + to + is + in + the + Eumenides + of + Aeschylus, + where + appeal + to + Anti-Spartan + feelling. + But + the change + immediately follows + the paro- + dos. + But + see + Introd. + to + Oed. + Col + in + see + note + on + l. + 1074. + 2 + The + only + clearly + parallel + instance + vol. + i. + pp. + 282, + 3. +
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has many reminiscences of the epic diction 2. The tone of Il. 1046- 1315, which, to a modera reader contrasts unfavourably with the elevation of the former part of the play, afforded the spectator a necessary relief after long continued tension, and gave rise to a new interest, which to the ordinary Greek mind was at least as absorbing as the representation of individual feeling. But it must be admitted that this form of drama, in which the level place, or period of suspense, comes between the peripeteia and the catastrophe, is less perfect than the gradual subsidence of emotion that has been wrought up to the height, as in the Oedipus Tyrannus and the Trachiniae. b6. The disturbed and conflicting feelings which are present in the several crises of this drama, are reflected in the large proportion which it contains of syncopated or antispastic rhythms, such as the dochmiac, cretic, and choriambic, and also by the tendency to accumulate long syllables. Pure glyconics, on the other hand, are less prevalent than, for example, in the Antigone. The occasional introduction of dactyls assists the Epic colouring. The senarii are extremely regular, with a few marked exceptions, which are explained in the notes. The number of "light endings' is smaller than in the Antigone. The anapaests are of the "marching’ kind, accompanying regular movements in the orchestra or on the proscenium. There are no ‘lament-anapaests " as in the El., O. T., Trach. In I. 866-960, the choreutae of each semi-chorus speak or chant one by one, except in Il. 879-90, 925-36, where several voices may have joined. 11. State of the Text. Although the MSS. of the Ajax are more numerous than those of any of the other plays, the important varia- tions of reading are extremely few. Still there are not wanting traces of a tradition anterior to L. The most distinct proof of this, so far as the MSS. are concerned, is in L 1011, where see notes. The right reading of L 330 is found only in Stobaeus. But we have no means of removing the manifest corruption of both sense and metre in IL. 406, 7, 601, 2. -

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1 e. g. 375 ff., ἑλίκεσσι βουσὶ καὶ ἔδευσα; 390, ὀλέσσας 954, πολύτλας; κλυτοῖς πεσὼν αἰπολίοις | ἐρεμνὸν αἷἶμ· 1165, 1463, κοίλην κάπετον

+ Introduction +

+ has + many + reminiscences + of + the + epic + diction + 2. + The + tone + of + Il. + 1046- + + 1315, + which, + to + a + modera + reader + contrasts + unfavourably + with + the + + elevation + of + the + former + part + of + the + play, + afforded + the + spectator + a + + necessary + relief + after + long + continued + tension, + and + gave + rise + to + + a + new + interest, + which + to + the + ordinary + Greek + mind + was + at + least + as + + absorbing + as + the + representation + of + individual + feeling. + But + it + must + be + + admitted + that + this + form + of + drama, + in + which + the + level + place, + or + period + + of + suspense, + comes + between + the + peripeteia + and + the + catastrophe, + is + less + + perfect + than + the + gradual + subsidence + of + emotion + that + has + been + wrought + + up + to + the + height, + as + in + the + Tyrannus + and + the + Trachiniae. + + b6. + The + disturbed + and + conflicting + feelings + which + are + present + in + + the + several + crises + of + this + drama, + are + reflected + in + the + large + proportion + + which + it + contains + of + syncopated + or + antispastic + rhythms, + such + as + the + + dochmiac, + cretic, + and + choriambic, + and + also + by + the + tendency + to + + accumulate + long + syllables. + Pure + glyconics, + on + the + other + hand, + are + + less + prevalent + than, + for + example, + in + the + Antigone. + The + occasional + + introduction + of + dactyls + assists + the + Epic + colouring. + + The + senarii + are + extremely + regular, + with + a + few + marked + exceptions, + + which + are + explained + in + the + notes. + The + number + of + "light + endings' + is + + smaller + than + in + the + Antigone. + + The + anapaests + are + of + the + "marching’ + kind, + accompanying + regular + + movements + in + the + orchestra + or + on + the + proscenium. + There + are + no + + ‘lament-anapaests + " + as + in + the + El., + T., + Trach. + + In + I. + 866-960, + the + choreutae + of + each + semi-chorus + speak + or + chant + + one + by + one, + except + in + Il. + 879-90, + 925-36, + where + several + voices + may + + have + joined. + + 11. + State + of + the + Text. + Although + the + MSS. + of + the + Ajax + are + more + + numerous + than + those + of + any + of + the + other + plays, + the + important + varia- + + tions + of + reading + are + extremely + few. + Still + there + are + not + wanting + traces + + of + a + tradition + anterior + to + L. + The + most + distinct + proof + of + this, + so + far + + as + the + MSS. + are + concerned, + is + in + L + 1011, + where + see + notes. + The + + right + reading + of + L + 330 + is + found + only + in + Stobaeus. + But + we + have + no + + means + of + removing + the + manifest + corruption + of + both + sense + and + metre + + in + IL. + 406, + 7, + 601, + 2. + - + +

+ Footnote + + 1 + e. + g. + 375 + ff., + ἑλίκεσσι + βουσὶ + καὶ + ἔδευσα; + 390, + ὀλέσσας + 954, + πολύτλας; + κλυτοῖς + πεσὼν + αἰπολίοις + | + ἐρεμνὸν + αἷἶμ· + 1165, + 1463, + κοίλην + κάπετον +
ΑΙΑΣ
-

+

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i-3. Athena’s eye is ever on Odysseus, and she is now come from Olympus to succour him. Infra 1. 36. ἀεὶ uv.. καὶ νῦν] The structure is paratactic; i.e. ‘As I have ever seen thee... so now I see thee. ..’ Essay on Language, § 36. p. 68. 2. (I) ‘In quest to snatch some exploit on a foe,’ i.e. seeking to effect some surprise against a foe. Or, (2) Seeking to foil (or detect) some enemy’s attempt.’ The latter (2) is simpler, and πεῖρα is used of the attempt of Ajax, infr. 290, 1097: but the former (1) is on the whole more probable. For Athena does not profess to know the circum- stances until 1. 36. She asks for infor- mation, and only assumes, what is evi- dent, that Odysseus is engaged in some hostile adventure. This aspect of his character appears in the tenth Iliad. Cp. infr. 18, ἐπέγνως εὖ μ’ ἐπ’ ἀνδρὶ δυσμενεῖ | βάσιν κυκλοῦντ’. ἁρπάσαι 15 to seize, i.e. ‘to effect suddenly.’ θηρώμενον introduces the image of the huntsman continued in L. 5, and combined with that of the hound in II. 7, 8. ἁρπάσαι θηρώμενον is substitated for πειρώμενον, so as to convey the notion of surprise. ἁρπάσαι is an epexegetic infinitive, after which the accusative πεῖραν is to be resumed. The meaning

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of ἁρπάσαι in (2) supr. viz. ‘to arrest’ is less natural than that given in (I). 3. σκηναῖς] The κλισίαι of the Ho- meric hero. Cp. infr. 192-3. 4. ἔνθα . . ἔκει] II11.7, 8; Eur. I. A. 292. This position of Ajax’ tent en- ables him the more easily to steal forth unobserved at last, infr. 690 ff. 5. κυνηγετοῦντα, which has no object, resumes θηρώμενον. μετρούμενον] ‘Scanning attentively.’ The middle voice marks the mental nature of the act; not measuring with a line, but scanning with the eye. 6. veoxapax67 Ajax has but recently returned, dragging the cattle with him, infr. 206. Odysseus has tracked him so far, but the confused struggle at the tent-door has made it uncertain whether he is not gone forth again. 7, 8. eb 5 σ’ ἐκφέρει, kTA Odys- seus is like a huntsmanwho is led to the right point by 'e scent of a keen Spartan hound. The dog is in- troduced to complete the image. Cp. infr. 19, 32. Is eipes (1) nom. or (2) gen. 2 eipis occurs in Aesch. Ag. 1003, and the authorities for epwos are late. But the sentence is more balanced if the epithet is taken by hypallage with Bdois, and the abstract noun is some- what abrupt by itself. Cp. the forms εὔτρικος, a εὔζυγος, εὔζυς.

+

+ AOHNA. + +

+

+ ; + i + 2 + - + +

+

+ AEI + μέν, + ὦ + παῖ + Λαρτίου, + δέδορκά + ce + +

+

+ πεῖράν + τιν’ + ἐχθρῶν + ἁρπάσαι + θηρώμενον· + +

+

+ -. + .z + ; + 2 + 2 + +

+

+ Σ. + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + +

+

+ καὶ + νῦν + ἐπὶ + σκηναις + σε + vavrikats + ὁρῶ + +

+

+ Atavros, + ἔνθα + τάξιν + ἐσχάτην + ἔχει, + +

+

+ 2 + X. + +

+

+ πάλαι + κυνηγετοῦντα + kal + μετρούμενον + 5 + +

+

+ z + A + +

+

+ ἴχνη + τὰ + κείνου + νεοχάραχθ’ + +

+

+ ὅπως + ἴδῃς + +

+

+ 4 + 4. + +

+

+ * + ’ + +

+

+ 2— + +

+

+ εἴτ’ + ἔνδον + εἴτ’ + οὐκ + ἔνδον. + +

+

+ εὖ + δέ + σ’ + ἐκφέρει + +

+

+ 1. + λαρτίου + LA. + λἀρτίου + C7 + Vat. + ac. + λᾶρτίου + T.. + +

+

+ 6. + τὰ + ’κείνου + L. + τἀκείνου + +

+

+ Pal. + νεοχάρακθ’] + νεοχάρακτ’ + L. + +

+

+ νεοχάρακθ’· + C3 + L2 + Vat. + ac. + +

+ Commentary +

+ i-3. + Athena’s + eye + is + ever + on + Odysseus, + + and + she + is + now + come + from + Olympus + to + + succour + him. + Infra + 1. + 36. + + ἀεὶ + uv.. + καὶ + νῦν] + The + structure + is + + paratactic; + i.e. + ‘As + I + have + ever + seen + + thee... + so + now + I + see + thee. + ..’ + Essay + on + + Language, + § + 36. + p. + 68. + + 2. + (I) + ‘In + quest + to + snatch + some + + exploit + on + a + foe,’ + i.e. + seeking + to + effect + + some + surprise + against + a + foe. + Or, + (2) + + Seeking + to + foil + (or + detect) + some + enemy’s + + attempt.’ + The + latter + (2) + is + simpler, + and + + πεῖρα + is + used + of + the + attempt + of + Ajax, + + infr. + 290, + 1097: + but + the + former + (1) + is + on + + the + whole + more + probable. + For + Athena + + does + not + profess + to + know + the + circum- + + stances + until + 1. + 36. + She + asks + for + infor- + + mation, + and + only + assumes, + what + is + evi- + + dent, + that + Odysseus + is + engaged + in + some + + hostile + adventure. + This + aspect + of + his + + character + appears + in + + Cp. + infr. + 18, + ἐπέγνως + εὖ + μ’ + ἐπ’ + ἀνδρὶ + + δυσμενεῖ + | + βάσιν + κυκλοῦντ’. + + ἁρπάσαι + 15 + to + seize, + i.e. + ‘to + effect + + suddenly.’ + θηρώμενον + introduces + the + + image + of + the + huntsman + continued + in + L. + 5, + + and + combined + with + that + of + the + hound + + in + II. + 7, + 8. + + ἁρπάσαι + θηρώμενον + is + substitated + for + + πειρώμενον, + so + as + to + convey + the + notion + + of + surprise. + ἁρπάσαι + is + an + epexegetic + + infinitive, + after + which + the + accusative + + πεῖραν + is + to + be + resumed. + The + meaning + +

+ Commentary +

+ of + ἁρπάσαι + in + (2) + supr. + viz. + ‘to + arrest’ + + is + less + natural + than + that + given + in + (I). + + 3. + σκηναῖς] + The + κλισίαι + of + the + Ho- + + meric + hero. + Cp. + infr. + 192-3. + + 4. + ἔνθα + . + . + ἔκει] + + II11.7, + 8; + + + This + position + of + Ajax’ + tent + en- + + ables + him + the + more + easily + to + steal + forth + + unobserved + at + last, + infr. + 690 + ff. + + 5. + κυνηγετοῦντα, + which + has + no + object, + + resumes + θηρώμενον. + + μετρούμενον] + ‘Scanning + attentively.’ + + The + middle + voice + marks + the + mental + + nature + of + the + act; + not + measuring + with + + a + line, + but + scanning + with + the + eye. + + 6. + veoxapax67 + Ajax + has + but + recently + + returned, + dragging + the + cattle + with + him, + + infr. + 206. + Odysseus + has + tracked + him + so + + far, + but + the + confused + struggle + at + the + + tent-door + has + made + it + uncertain + whether + + he + is + not + gone + forth + again. + + 7, + 8. + eb + 5 + σ’ + ἐκφέρει, + kTA + Odys- + + seus + is + like + a + huntsmanwho + is + led + + to + the + right + point + by + 'e + scent + of + a + + keen + Spartan + hound. + The + dog + is + in- + + troduced + to + complete + the + image. + Cp. + + infr. + 19, + 32. + Is + eipes + (1) + nom. + or + (2) + + gen. + 2 + eipis + occurs + in + + and + the + authorities + for + epwos + are + late. + + But + the + sentence + is + more + balanced + if + + the + epithet + is + taken + by + hypallage + with + + Bdois, + and + the + abstract + noun + is + some- + + what + abrupt + by + itself. + Cp. + the + forms + + εὔτρικος, + a + εὔζυγος, + εὔζυς. + +

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4 κυνὸς Λακαίνης ὥς τις εὔρινος βάσις. z ἔνδον γὰρ ἁνὴρ dpri τυγχάνει, kdpa 2 z στάζων ἱδρῶτι καὶ χέρας ξιφοκτόνους. 2 r A καί σ’ οὐδὲν εἴσω τῆσδε παπταίνειν πύλης , z ἔτ’ ἔργον ἐστίν, ἐννέπειν δ’ ὅτου χάριν σπουδὴν ἔθου τήνδ’, ὡς παρ’ εἰδυίας μάθῃς. ’ ; * z ΟΔΥΣΣΕΥΙΣ. ὦ φθέγμ’ Ἀθάνας, φιλτάτης ἐμοὶ θεῶν, T 4 ὡς εὐμαθές σου, kdv ἄποπτος ἧς ὅμως, 3 ’ φώνημ’ ἀκούω καὶ ξυναρπάζω φρενὶ 1 Χαλκοστόμου κώδωνος ὡς Τυρσηνικῆς. 2 7 ’ ; 8 - καὶ νῦν ἐπέγνως εὖ μ’ ἐπ’ ἀνδρὶ δυσμενεῖ 2 z βάσιν κυκλοῦντ’, Αἴαντι τῷ σακεσφόρῳ. — ; r κεῖνον γάρ, οὐδέν’ ἄλλον, ἰχνεύω πάλαι. νυκτὸς γὰρ ἡμᾶς τῆσδε πρᾶγος ἄσκοπον ‘ ’. 7 B . EXEL περάνας, etmep είργασται raoe

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20. κεῖνον γάρ] κεῖνον γὰρ I. 19. τῷ] τωι L.. 9. Ap () LA.

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10. With xépas supply not merely ἱδρῶτι, but some word such as φόνῳ or αἰματί, to be gathered from ξιφοκτό- νους. 11. εἴσω .. παπταίνειν] "To strain thine eyes to look within.’ παπταίνειν is io gaze anxiously or wistfully. οὐδὲν 2pyov with the inf. recurs infr. 852. 13. σπουδὴν ἔθου TH] ‘You are thus busily engaged.’ Cp. O. T. 134, τήνδ’ ἔθεσθ’ ἐπιστροφήν. 14, 15. Odysseus has but a dim and distant vision ofthe goddess, though her voice is clearly heard by him. She is his special patron. Phil. 134, Νίκη τ’ Ἀθάνα πολιάς, ἢ σώζει μ’ del. He re- flects how intimately familiar to him is the voice, which from such a distance thrills him as with a trumpet call. 15. 6s εὐμαθές σου, κτ λ.(7 ‘How clearly discernible is thy sound unto my ear.’ Shak. Mids. N. D. 3. 2, ‘Mine ear, Ithank it, brought me to thy sound.’ For the transition from the voice to the person, cp. O. C. 324, 5, ὦ δισσὰ πατρὸς

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καὶ κασιγνήτης ἐμοὶ | ἥδιστα προσφωνή- μαθ’, ὡς ὑμᾶς, ꝶ. TA. 16. The present tense in ἀκούω... ξυναρπάζω is general—not ‘now,’ bat ‘always,’—hence the contingent sup- position κἂν . . s, and the words καὶ viv in I 18. 18. ἐπέγνως εὖ μ] ‘You rightly ap- prehend that I—. For ἐπέγνῶν in the sense of detecting or discovering, cp- Aesch. Ag. 1598, ἐπιγνοὺς ἔργον οὐ καταίσιον : Thuc. I. 132, § 5. iva, ἣν .. μεταγράψαι αἰτήσῃ, μὴ ἐπιγνῷ. ΕΕΕΣΣΕΣΣΣ Hipp. 322, Ἱππολύτῳ δ’ ἔπι | . . ἀνόμαζεν. ἱδρῦσθαῖ θεάν. 19. βάσιν κυκλοῦντ’] Ranging to and fro’ like a questing hound. Cp. inſr. 20, ixvebw. In Ant. 226, κυκλῶν ἐμαυτόν is ‘often turning round.’ 21. πρᾶγος ἄσκοπον] An amazing deed:’ i.e. not only mysterious, but of inconceivable enormity. See E. on L. § 51. p. 96, and cp. El. 864, ἄσκοπο ἁ λώβά.

+

+ 4 + + κυνὸς + Λακαίνης + ὥς + τις + εὔρινος + βάσις. + + z + + ἔνδον + γὰρ + ἁνὴρ + dpri + τυγχάνει, + kdpa + + 2 + z + + στάζων + ἱδρῶτι + καὶ + χέρας + ξιφοκτόνους. + + 2 + r + A + + καί + σ’ + οὐδὲν + εἴσω + τῆσδε + παπταίνειν + πύλης + + , + z + + ἔτ’ + ἔργον + ἐστίν, + ἐννέπειν + δ’ + ὅτου + χάριν + + σπουδὴν + ἔθου + τήνδ’, + ὡς + παρ’ + εἰδυίας + μάθῃς. + + ’ + ; + * + z + + ΟΔΥΣΣΕΥΙΣ. + + ὦ + φθέγμ’ + Ἀθάνας, + φιλτάτης + ἐμοὶ + θεῶν, + + T + 4 + + ὡς + εὐμαθές + σου, + kdv + ἄποπτος + ἧς + ὅμως, + + 3 + ’ + + φώνημ’ + ἀκούω + καὶ + ξυναρπάζω + φρενὶ + + 1 + + Χαλκοστόμου + κώδωνος + ὡς + Τυρσηνικῆς. + + 2 + 7 + ’ + ; + 8 + - + + καὶ + νῦν + ἐπέγνως + εὖ + μ’ + ἐπ’ + ἀνδρὶ + δυσμενεῖ + + 2 + z + + βάσιν + κυκλοῦντ’, + Αἴαντι + τῷ + σακεσφόρῳ. + + — + ; + r + + κεῖνον + γάρ, + οὐδέν’ + ἄλλον, + ἰχνεύω + πάλαι. + + νυκτὸς + γὰρ + ἡμᾶς + τῆσδε + πρᾶγος + ἄσκοπον + + ‘ + ’. + 7 + B + . + + EXEL + περάνας, + etmep + είργασται + raoe + +

+ Critical Apparatus +

+ 20. + κεῖνον + γάρ] + κεῖνον + γὰρ + I. + + 19. + τῷ] + τωι + L.. + + 9. + Ap + () + LA. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 10. + With + xépas + supply + not + merely + + ἱδρῶτι, + but + some + word + such + as + φόνῳ + or + + αἰματί, + to + be + gathered + from + ξιφοκτό- + + νους. + + 11. + εἴσω + .. + παπταίνειν] + "To + strain + + thine + eyes + to + look + within.’ + παπταίνειν + + is + io + gaze + anxiously + or + wistfully. + οὐδὲν + + 2pyov + with + the + inf. + recurs + infr. + 852. + + 13. + σπουδὴν + ἔθου + TH] + ‘You + are + + thus + busily + engaged.’ + Cp. + + τήνδ’ + ἔθεσθ’ + ἐπιστροφήν. + + 14, + 15. + Odysseus + has + but + a + dim + and + + distant + vision + ofthe + goddess, + though + her + + voice + is + clearly + heard + by + him. + She + is + + his + special + patron. + Νίκη + τ’ + + Ἀθάνα + πολιάς, + ἢ + σώζει + μ’ + del. + He + re- + + flects + how + intimately + familiar + to + him + is + + the + voice, + which + from + such + a + distance + + thrills + him + as + with + a + trumpet + call. + + 15. + 6s + εὐμαθές + σου, + κτ + λ.(7 + ‘How + + clearly + discernible + is + thy + sound + unto + + my + ear.’ + Shak. + Mids. + N. + D. + 3. + 2, + ‘Mine + + ear, + Ithank + it, + brought + me + to + thy + sound.’ + + For + the + transition + from + the + voice + to + the + + person, + cp. + ὦ + δισσὰ + πατρὸς + +

+ Commentary +

+ καὶ + κασιγνήτης + ἐμοὶ + | + ἥδιστα + προσφωνή- + + μαθ’, + ὡς + ὑμᾶς, + ꝶ. + TA. + + 16. + The + present + tense + in + ἀκούω... + + ξυναρπάζω + is + general—not + ‘now,’ + bat + + ‘always,’—hence + the + contingent + sup- + + position + κἂν + . + . + s, + and + the + words + καὶ + viv + + in + I + 18. + + 18. + ἐπέγνως + εὖ + μ] + ‘You + rightly + ap- + + prehend + that + I—. + For + ἐπέγνῶν + in + the + + sense + of + detecting + or + discovering, + cp- + + ἐπιγνοὺς + ἔργον + οὐ + + καταίσιον + : + Thuc. + I. + 132, + § + 5. + iva, + ἣν + + .. + μεταγράψαι + αἰτήσῃ, + μὴ + ἐπιγνῷ. + + ΕΕΕΣΣΕΣΣΣ + + Ἱππολύτῳ + δ’ + ἔπι + | + . + . + ἀνόμαζεν. + + ἱδρῦσθαῖ + θεάν. + + 19. + βάσιν + κυκλοῦντ’] + Ranging + to + + and + fro’ + like + a + questing + hound. + Cp. + + inſr. + 20, + ixvebw. + In + κυκλῶν + + ἐμαυτόν + is + ‘often + turning + round.’ + + 21. + πρᾶγος + ἄσκοπον] + An + amazing + + deed:’ + i.e. + not + only + mysterious, + but + of + + inconceivable + enormity. + See + E. + on + L. + + § + 51. + p. + 96, + and + cp. + ἄσκοπο + + ἁ + λώβά. + +

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23. ἀλώμεθα] ‘We are bewildered.’ Cp. the use of πλανᾶσθαι in Plato, Soph. 230 B, ἅτε πλανωμένων as ῥᾳδίως ἐξετάζουσιν; Hdt. 6. 37, πλανωμένων .. rolai λόγοισι, τὸ θέλει τὸ ἔπος εἶναι. 25. εὑρίσκομεν] Α vivid present, like φράζει, infr. 31. 27. ἐκ xeap6s] ‘By hand of man,’- not by wild beasts, or lightning, or other visitation of heaven. αὐτοῖς ποιμνίων ἐπιστάταις] ‘To- gether with the guardians of the flock.’ The death of the shepherds is again re- ferred to, infr. 232, 360, and was a necessary incident of the slaughter. Cp. II. 18. 529, of the ambush attacking the herd, κτεῖνον 5 ἐπὶ μηλοβοτῆρας. And for the expression, cp. Plat. Legg. 10. 906 A, ἢ γεωργοῖε mept φυτῶν γένεσιν . ἢ καὶ ποιμνίων ἐπιστάταις. Some have wrongly explained the words of the shepherd dogs, which are mentioned by Tecmessa, infr. 297, but are not likely to occur to Odysseus. The well-known idiom, αὐτοῖς ἀνδράσι, etc., seems to arise out of the dative of concomitant circumstances. See E. on L. § II. p. 18c, and cp. O. T. 25, φθίνουσα ,. κάλυξιν. 28. τήνδ’. . atrlav] ‘This blame,. e. the blame of this deed. νέμει has weaker MS. authority than rpénet,

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which is, however, too physical a word in this connection, even though the da- tive ἐκείνῳ for εἰς ἐκεῖνον or ew ἐκείνῳ (cp. infr. 772). might be defended. νέ- peuw is a favourite word with Sophocles. τρέπει is due to a gloss. See Scholia. 29. ms ὀπτήρ1Α scout,’ viz. one of the look-out men of the host, who naturally brings his information to Odysseus as the centre of intelligence. Cp. infr. 379, Phil. r013. 30. πηδῶντα πεδία] Bounding along the plain.’ Accus. of the sphere of motion. E. on L. § 16. p. 23 c. 31. φράζει τε κἀδήλωσεν] Gives in- timation’ (of the fact) ‘and pointed out (the direction). 32. κατ’ xvos Gaocw) ‘Dart upon the track " (thus shown). καὶ τὰ μὲν σημαίνομαι] ‘And some indication I find.’ The word is used of dogs in hunting; Opp. Cyn. I. 454, μυξωτῆρσι .. σημήναντο, 33. κοὐκ ἔχω μαθεῖν ὅπου] ‘And can- ηοἵ tell where he is,’ i.e. (1) εἴτ’ ἔνδον εἴτ’ οὐκ ἔνδον (1. 7, supr.), ‘whether he is in the tent or no.’ Or (2) more generally (sc. 6 aTi05), "where is the ob- ject of my search ?’ i.e. whether in fol- lowing Ajax I am really on the right track. Odysseus is describing his per-

+

+ ΑΙΑΣ. + 13 + +

+

+ ἴσμεν + γὰρ + οὐδὲν + τρανές, + ἀλλ’ + ἀλώμεθα· + +

+

+ κἀγὼ + θελοντὴς + τῷδ’ + ὑπεζύγην + πόνῳ. + +

+

+ 22* + 2 + +

+

+ ἐφθαρμένας + γὰρ + ἀρτίως + εὑρίσκομεν + 25 + +

+

+ Aelas + ἁπάσας + kal + κατηναρισμένας + +

+

+ ’ + +

+

+ ἐκ + χειρὸς + avrois + ποιμνίων + ἐπιστάταις. + +

+

+ 2 + — + +

+

+ z + T. + 2 + 2 + 1_’ + 2 + +

+

+ τήν + our + εκείνῳ + πας + τις + airiav + νέμει. + +

+

+ kat + μοί + τις + ὀπτὴρ + αὐτὸν + εἰσιδὼν + pbvov + +

+

+ r + +

+

+ πηδῶντα + πεδία + σὺν + νεορράντῳ + ξίφει + 30 + +

+

+ φράζει + τε + κἀδήλωσεν· + εὐθέως + δ’ + ἐγὼ + +

+

+ κατ’ + ἴχνος + dooo, + καὶ + τὰ + μὲν + σημαίνομαι, + +

+

+ τὰ + δ’ + ἐκπέπληγμαι, + κοὐκ + ἔχω + μαθεῖν + ὅπου. + +

+

+ 4 + - + +

+

+ 24. + θελοντὴς] + θελοντής + L. + +

+

+ 27. + ἐπιστάταις] + ὑποστάταις + L. + +

+

+ ἐπιστάταισ + Co. + +

+

+ 28. + ἐκείνῳ] + ἐκείνω + I. + +

+

+ νέμει] + τρέπει + L + Pal. + V. + vue + AEMZ + Vat. + ac + VVR. + τρέπει + +

+

+ (ρ. + vépey + L. + νέμει + pme + M. + +

+

+ αἰτίαν] + αἰτίον + (7) + Pal. + pr. + +

+

+ 30. + πεδία] + πεδίω + Pal. + +

+

+ 33. + ὅπου] + ὅτον + CEMMAV. + Vat. + ac + V + (gl. + rivos + alavros + ἢ + ἐτέρον). + +

+

+ οὐκ + ἔχω + ὅπου + +

+

+ T + Ccorr. + +

+

+ μαθεῖν + ἢ + ποῦ + ἐστιν + L + mg. + ὅπου + L + +

+

+ ὅτου + c. + gl. + ταῦτα + ἐποίησε + Pal. + +

+

+ ὅτου + yp. + +

+

+ ὅπου + V. + ὅπου + γρ. + ὅτου + A. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 23. + ἀλώμεθα] + ‘We + are + bewildered.’ + + Cp. + the + use + of + πλανᾶσθαι + in + + ἅτε + πλανωμένων + as + ῥᾳδίως + + ἐξετάζουσιν; + Hdt. + 6. + 37, + πλανωμένων + .. + + rolai + λόγοισι, + τὸ + θέλει + τὸ + ἔπος + εἶναι. + + 25. + εὑρίσκομεν] + Α + vivid + present, + like + + φράζει, + infr. + 31. + + 27. + ἐκ + xeap6s] + ‘By + hand + of + man,’- + + not + by + wild + beasts, + or + lightning, + or + + other + visitation + of + heaven. + + αὐτοῖς + ποιμνίων + ἐπιστάταις] + ‘To- + + gether + with + the + guardians + of + the + flock.’ + + The + death + of + the + shepherds + is + again + re- + + ferred + to, + infr. + 232, + 360, + and + was + a + + necessary + incident + of + the + slaughter. + Cp. + + of + the + ambush + attacking + the + + herd, + κτεῖνον + 5 + ἐπὶ + μηλοβοτῆρας. + And + + for + the + expression, + cp. + + A, + ἢ + γεωργοῖε + mept + φυτῶν + γένεσιν + + . + ἢ + καὶ + ποιμνίων + ἐπιστάταις. + Some + have + + wrongly + explained + the + words + of + the + + shepherd + dogs, + which + are + mentioned + by + + Tecmessa, + infr. + 297, + but + are + not + likely + + to + occur + to + Odysseus. + The + well-known + + idiom, + αὐτοῖς + ἀνδράσι, + etc., + seems + to + + arise + out + of + the + dative + of + concomitant + + circumstances. + See + E. + on + L. + § + II. + p. + + 18c, + and + cp. + φθίνουσα + ,. + κάλυξιν. + + 28. + τήνδ’. + . + atrlav] + ‘This + blame,. + e. + + the + blame + of + this + deed. + νέμει + has + + weaker + MS. + authority + than + rpénet, + +

+ Commentary +

+ which + is, + however, + too + physical + a + word + + in + this + connection, + even + though + the + da- + + tive + ἐκείνῳ + for + εἰς + ἐκεῖνον + or + ew + ἐκείνῳ + + (cp. + infr. + 772). + might + be + defended. + νέ- + + peuw + is + a + favourite + word + with + Sophocles. + + τρέπει + is + due + to + a + gloss. + See + Scholia. + + 29. + ms + ὀπτήρ1Α + scout,’ + viz. + one + + of + the + look-out + men + of + the + host, + who + + naturally + brings + his + information + to + + Odysseus + as + the + centre + of + intelligence. + + Cp. + infr. + 379, + + 30. + πηδῶντα + πεδία] + Bounding + along + + the + plain.’ + Accus. + of + the + sphere + of + + motion. + E. + on + L. + § + 16. + p. + 23 + c. + + 31. + φράζει + τε + κἀδήλωσεν] + Gives + in- + + timation’ + (of + the + fact) + ‘and + pointed + + out + (the + direction). + + 32. + κατ’ + xvos + Gaocw) + ‘Dart + upon + the + + track + " + (thus + shown). + + καὶ + τὰ + μὲν + σημαίνομαι] + ‘And + some + + indication + I + find.’ + The + word + is + used + of + + dogs + in + hunting; + + μυξωτῆρσι + .. + σημήναντο, + + 33. + κοὐκ + ἔχω + μαθεῖν + ὅπου] + ‘And + can- + + ηοἵ + tell + where + he + is,’ + i.e. + (1) + εἴτ’ + ἔνδον + + εἴτ’ + οὐκ + ἔνδον + (1. + 7, + supr.), + ‘whether + he + + is + in + the + tent + or + no.’ + Or + (2) + more + + generally + (sc. + 6 + aTi05), + "where + is + the + ob- + + ject + of + my + search + ?’ + i.e. + whether + in + fol- + + lowing + Ajax + I + am + really + on + the + right + + track. + Odysseus + is + describing + his + per- + +

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plexity before the coming of Athena, and in these words simply confesses that he is at fault. He is speaking of his own past impressions, and here and supr. ]. 23 does not at once realize what he has been told by Athena in IL. 7-10. As in O. T. 359, Trach. 184, the im- perfect or gradual recognition of what has been said adds to the dramatic effect. Another reading is κοὐκ ἔχω μαθεῖν 70v, in which ὅτοῦ, sc. τὸ πρᾶγμά ἐστι, also gives a fair sense, but is not, like οὐκ ἔχω pabeiv ὅπου, an idiom of Greek tragedy. Others supply ra ἴχνη at once with 4rov and with ra μὲν .. τὰ δέ. But the reference of the articles in this context can hardly be so precise as to be equivalent to ra μὲν τῶν ἰχνῶν, c.x.x. nor would ἐκπέπληγμαι be used in such a connection. The Scholia show that ὅπου was read, and that its inter- pretation was thought doubtful. 34. καιρὸν = &s καιρόν] Cp. infr. 1316, 1168; or possibly an adverbial accu- sative, cp. Pind. Pyth. I. 156, καιρὸν εἰ φθέγξαιο, So kapp= καιρῷ, O. T. 1516. 34. 5. τά τ’ οὖν πάρος, k.TA] ‘My whole course whether past or to come is guided by thy will.’ οὖν, as in in εἴτ’ οὖν, emphasizes the comprehensiveness of the expression. κυβεβνῶμαι is passive, and πάντα adv. accus. Or (2) κυβερ- νῶμαι may be middle, ‘I guide (ie. suffer to be guided) all my actions by thy hand.’ In this way of taking the

-

words the force of the middle voice of κυβερνῶμαι is unusual, but that of the instrumental dative is more regular. 36. ἔγνων refers not to 34, 5, but to the preceding lines. 36, 7. φύΧαξ ἔβην, xa. x.] The order is ἔβην εἴς ὁδὸν πρόθυμος φύλαξ TH σῇ κυναγίᾳ, ‘ I came upon my path as a zealous guardian for thy chase.’ E. on L. § 12. p. 19. 38. kat] ‘And is my endeavour really well-directed 7 asks the ques- tion with eager interest. 39. ὡς ἔστιν avBGs, kTM] Sc. οὕτω vher. σοι] Cp. Ant. 37, οὕτως ἔχει σοι ταῦτα. E. on L. § 13. p. 19 ε. 40. ‘With what intent did he break forth in this illdudged violence ?’ For the epithet, cp. infr. 230, παρα- πλήκτῳ χερί. It is unnecessary to sup- pose that ἀΐσσω is transitive here. Cp. the construction of I. 42. 41. ‘Incensed with wrath because of the arms of Achilles.’ A word on this subject is enough for Odysseus, to whom the arms had been adjudged. He under- stands at once that harm had been intended to himself and the generals. ‘Bnt why, then, this raid upon the flock ?" The construction of ὅπλων, as genitive of the reason after βαρυνθείς, is assisted by the substantive x6Aw pre- ceding. 44. ‘And was this blow, then, really aimed against the Argives ?2’

+

+ 14 + +

+

+ ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

+

+ z + ’ + 7 + 2 + +

+

+ καιρὸν + δ’ + ἐφήκεις· + πάντα + yap + τά + T + οὖν + πάρος + +

+

+ τά + T + εἰσέπειτα + σῇ + κυβερνῶμαι + χερί. + 35 + +

+

+ 2 + 2 + ’r + +

+

+ ἔγνων, + Ὀδυσσεῦ, + kal + πάλαι + φύλαξ + ἔβην + +

+

+ 2 + 3 + +

+

+ ΑΘ. + +

+

+ τῇ + σῇ + πρόθυμος + εἰς + ὁδὸν + κυναγίᾳ. + +

+

+ 2 + 2 + z + 2 + Qaon + 7 + +

+

+ Oa. + +

+

+ fi + kat, + φίλη + δέσποινα, + πρὸς + καιρὸν + πονῶ; + +

+

+ 3 + 3 + 3. + +

+

+ A. + +

+

+ ὡς + ἔστιν + ἀνδρὸς + τοῦδε + τἄργα + ταῦτά + σοι. + +

+

+ 2. + r + +

+

+ f1bh. + +

+

+ ΟΔ. + +

+

+ καὶ + πρὸς + τί + δυσλόγιστον + ὧδ’ + ἦξεν + χέρα; + 40 + +

+

+ ΑΘ. + +

+

+ Χόλῳ + βαρυνθεὶς + τῶν + Ἀχιλλείων + ὅπλων. + +

+

+ ΟΔ. + +

+

+ τί + δῆτα + ποίμναις + τήνδ’ + ἐπεμπίπτει + βάσιν; + +

+

+ ΑΘ. + +

+

+ δοκῶν + ἐν + ὑμῖν + χεῖρα + χραίνεσθαι + φόνῳ. + +

+

+ ΟΔ. + 3 + +

+

+ καὶ + τὸ + βούλευμ’ + ὡς + ἐπ’ + Ἀργείοις + τόδ’ + ἢν + ; + +

+

+ 35. + χερί] + γρ. + φρενί + L. + xepi + Vat. + ac. + +

+

+ 38. + πονῶ] + πονῶι + LL. + πονῶ + A. + 40. + +

+

+ gev] + Akev + L. + ἦξε + I + Pal. + gl + ἴαλλε + Pal. + +

+

+ 44. + βούλευμ] + βούλημ’ + LL2 + Pal. + Bot- + +

+

+ λευμ + Α. + Ἀργείοις] + ἀργείοῦς + L. + +

+

+ ἀργείοις + C. + +

+ Commentary +

+ plexity + before + the + coming + of + Athena, + + and + in + these + words + simply + confesses + + that + he + is + at + fault. + He + is + speaking + of + + his + own + past + impressions, + and + here + and + + supr. + ]. + 23 + does + not + at + once + realize + what + + he + has + been + told + by + Athena + in + IL. + 7-10. + + As + in + + O. + T. + 359, + + the + im- + + perfect + or + gradual + recognition + of + what + + has + been + said + adds + to + the + dramatic + + effect. + Another + reading + is + κοὐκ + ἔχω + + μαθεῖν + 70v, + in + which + ὅτοῦ, + sc. + τὸ + πρᾶγμά + + ἐστι, + also + gives + a + fair + sense, + but + is + not, + + like + οὐκ + ἔχω + pabeiv + ὅπου, + an + idiom + of + + Greek + tragedy. + Others + supply + ra + ἴχνη + + at + once + with + 4rov + and + with + ra + μὲν + + .. + τὰ + δέ. + But + the + reference + of + the + articles + + in + this + context + can + hardly + be + so + precise + + as + to + be + equivalent + to + ra + μὲν + τῶν + ἰχνῶν, + + c.x.x. + nor + would + ἐκπέπληγμαι + be + used + + in + such + a + connection. + The + Scholia + show + + that + ὅπου + was + read, + and + that + its + inter- + + pretation + was + thought + doubtful. + + 34. + καιρὸν + = + &s + καιρόν] + Cp. + infr. + 1316, + + 1168; + or + possibly + an + adverbial + accu- + + sative, + cp. + καιρὸν + εἰ + + φθέγξαιο, + So + kapp= + καιρῷ, + + + 34. + 5. + τά + τ’ + οὖν + πάρος, + k.TA] + ‘My + + whole + course + whether + past + or + to + come + is + + guided + by + thy + will.’ + οὖν, + as + in + in + εἴτ’ + οὖν, + + emphasizes + the + comprehensiveness + of + + the + expression. + κυβεβνῶμαι + is + passive, + + and + πάντα + adv. + accus. + Or + (2) + κυβερ- + + νῶμαι + may + be + middle, + ‘I + guide + (ie. + + suffer + to + be + guided) + all + my + actions + by + + thy + hand.’ + In + this + way + of + taking + the + +

+ Commentary +

+ words + the + force + of + the + middle + voice + of + + κυβερνῶμαι + is + unusual, + but + that + of + the + + instrumental + dative + is + more + regular. + + 36. + ἔγνων + refers + not + to + 34, + 5, + but + to + + the + preceding + lines. + + 36, + 7. + φύΧαξ + ἔβην, + xa. + x.] + The + order + + is + ἔβην + εἴς + ὁδὸν + πρόθυμος + φύλαξ + TH + σῇ + + κυναγίᾳ, + ‘ + I + came + upon + my + path + as + a + + zealous + guardian + for + thy + chase.’ + E. + on + + L. + § + 12. + p. + 19. + + 38. + kat] + ‘And + is + my + endeavour + + really + well-directed + 7 + asks + the + ques- + + tion + with + eager + interest. + + 39. + ὡς + ἔστιν + avBGs, + kTM] + Sc. + οὕτω + + vher. + + σοι] + Cp. + οὕτως + ἔχει + σοι + + ταῦτα. + E. + on + L. + § + 13. + p. + 19 + ε. + + 40. + ‘With + what + intent + did + he + + break + forth + in + this + illdudged + violence + ?’ + + For + the + epithet, + cp. + infr. + 230, + παρα- + + πλήκτῳ + χερί. + It + is + unnecessary + to + sup- + + pose + that + ἀΐσσω + is + transitive + here. + Cp. + + the + construction + of + I. + 42. + + 41. + ‘Incensed + with + wrath + because + of + + the + arms + of + Achilles.’ + A + word + on + this + + subject + is + enough + for + Odysseus, + to + whom + + the + arms + had + been + adjudged. + He + under- + + stands + at + once + that + harm + had + been + + intended + to + himself + and + the + generals. + + ‘Bnt + why, + then, + this + raid + upon + the + + flock + ?" + The + construction + of + ὅπλων, + as + + genitive + of + the + reason + after + βαρυνθείς, + + is + assisted + by + the + substantive + x6Aw + pre- + + ceding. + + 44. + ‘And + was + this + blow, + then, + really + + aimed + against + the + Argives + ?2’ + +

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45. κἂν ἐξεπράξατ] ‘He would actually have accomplished his design. The middle voice is preferable as the harder reading, and signifies that the plan and execution would have been alike Ajax’ own. 46. "‘What bold attempt inspired by recklessness do your words imply (ταῖσδε) ’ 47. δόλιος] 1.ε. ἐπὶ Ay, With crafty intent.’ E. on L. § 23. p. 39. 48. παρέστη] Sc. ἡμῖν. 49. kal δη] Actually. 50. Join énboxe φόνου. μαιμῶσαν is more expressive than the v. r. διψῶσαν, which is probably meant to be construed with 96vov. For ns, "How came it that—2?" cp. O. T. 1177, πῶς δῆτ’ ἀφῆκας; 51. ἀπείργω] The vivid present (see v. Fr.) is preferable to the aorist, as the less obvious reading. Join ἀπείργω with xapas, which is added in further expla- nation. δυσφόρους γνώμα5] Overpowering fancies.’ lopopos has been supposed to be here equivalent to παράφορος, ‘false,’ or ‘misleading; but this, (though a possible association of the word) is unnecessary. The natural meaning of ‘grievous,’ ‘intolerable’ is slightly modified by the association of ‘hard to resist or ‘bear up against.’

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Ajax could not withstand the fatal illusion. 52. 7ns ἀνηκέστου xapas) ‘From his fatal pleasure.’ The harm once done would have been irrevocable. For xa- ps, cp. infr. 114, ἐπειδὴ τέρψις ἥδε σοι τὸ dpv. 53. 4. πρός τε ποίμνας .. φρουρή- ματα] ‘I turmed him off upon the flocks, and the mixed charge of the herdsmen that was not yet divided from the spoil.’ i. e. simply the sheep and oxen. Schndw. distinguishes be- tween the sheep, which he assumes to have been kept in common to be slaughtered as food, and the oxen, which were gradually distributed as booty. That no such exact definition is intended here is proved by supr. 25-7, Aelas ἁπάσας .. abrots ποιμνίων ἐπιστά- rais. The words λείας ἄδαστα are added, to show that the act of Ajax would provoke the whole army to be enraged against him with one consent. Cp. infr. 145-6, 408-9. 55. ἔκειρε is imperfect. The syllable keip is echoed in πολύκερων. The cog- naie accusative and hypallage together cannot be literally rendered in English. ‘He made bloody havoc with the horned multitude, ſelling them on all sides of him.

+

+ AIAZ + 15 + +

+

+ ΑΘ. + +

+

+ κἀν + ἐξεπράξατ’, + εἰ + κατημέλησ’ + ἐγώ. + 45 + +

+

+ ΟΔ. + +

+

+ ποίαισι + τόλμαις + ταῖσδε + kal + φρενῶν + θράσει; + +

+

+ „ + 5 + 5 + +

+

+ ΑΘ. + +

+

+ νύκτωρ + us + δόλιος + ὁρμᾶται + μόνος. + +

+

+ 14 + 2 + 2 + +

+

+ ΟΔ. + +

+

+ 2 + 8 + 2 + 2 + 8 + 2 + 1 + 2 + ’ + +

+

+ ἦ + kal + παρέστη + κἀπὶ + τέρμ’ + dpiero; + +

+

+ ΑΘ. + +

+

+ kal + ò) + ’πὶ + δισσαῖς + ἦν + στρατηγίσιν + πύλαις. + +

+

+ 8 + 7 + 8 + +

+

+ ΟΔ. + +

+

+ kal + πῶς + ἐπέσχε + χεῖρα + μαιμῶσαν + φόνου; + 50 + +

+

+ 8 + 2 + 2 + - + - + +

+

+ ΑΘ. + +

+

+ ἐγώ + σφ’ + ἀπείργω, + δυσφόρους + ἐπ’ + ὄμμασι + +

+

+ γνώμας + βαλοῦσα, + τῆς + ἀνηκέστου + χαρᾶς, + +

+

+ kal + πρός + τε + ποίμνας + ἐκτρέπω + σύμμικτά + τε + +

+

+ X + +

+

+ λείας + ἄδαστα + βουκόλων + φρουρήματα· + +

+

+ ἔνθ’ + εἰσπεσὼν + ἔκειρε + πολύκερων + φόνον + 55 + +

+

+ 2 + ; + +

+

+ κύκλῳ + ῥαχίζων· + κἀδόκει + μὲν + ἔσθ’ + ὅτε + +

+

+ 45. + ἐξεπράξατ’] + ἐξέπραξ’ + M. + +

+

+ ἐξέπραξεν + CAL2 + Pal. + Vat. + ac + VVs. + +

+

+ ἐξέπραξε + T. + +

+

+ ξα + +

+

+ 50. + μαιμῶσαν] + γρ. + διφῶσαν + C. + +

+

+ 51. + ἀπείργω] + ἀπείργω + A. + ἀπείργω + σῖ. + ἀπεῖρξα + +

+

+ γ + +

+

+ ΤΙΩΜ. + ἄπειρξα + Vs. + ἀπείργω.. + +

+

+ 55. + πολύκερων] + sic + L. + +

+

+ πολύκερον + C. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 45. + κἂν + ἐξεπράξατ] + ‘He + would + + actually + have + accomplished + his + design. + + The + middle + voice + is + preferable + as + the + + harder + reading, + and + signifies + that + the + + plan + and + execution + would + have + been + + alike + Ajax’ + own. + + 46. + "‘What + bold + attempt + inspired + by + + recklessness + do + your + words + imply + + (ταῖσδε) + ’ + + 47. + δόλιος] + 1.ε. + ἐπὶ + Ay, + With + + crafty + intent.’ + E. + on + L. + § + 23. + p. + 39. + + 48. + παρέστη] + Sc. + ἡμῖν. + + 49. + kal + δη] + Actually. + + 50. + Join + énboxe + φόνου. + μαιμῶσαν + + is + more + expressive + than + the + v. + r. + διψῶσαν, + + which + is + probably + meant + to + be + construed + + with + 96vov. + For + ns, + "How + came + it + + that—2?" + cp. + πῶς + δῆτ’ + ἀφῆκας; + + 51. + ἀπείργω] + The + vivid + present + (see + + v. + Fr.) + is + preferable + to + the + aorist, + as + the + + less + obvious + reading. + Join + ἀπείργω + with + + xapas, + which + is + added + in + further + expla- + + nation. + + δυσφόρους + γνώμα5] + Overpowering + + fancies.’ + lopopos + has + been + supposed + + to + be + here + equivalent + to + παράφορος, + + ‘false,’ + or + ‘misleading; + but + this, + + (though + a + possible + association + of + the + + word) + is + unnecessary. + The + natural + + meaning + of + ‘grievous,’ + ‘intolerable’ + is + + slightly + modified + by + the + association + of + + ‘hard + to + resist + or + ‘bear + up + against.’ + +

+ Commentary +

+ Ajax + could + not + withstand + the + fatal + + illusion. + + 52. + 7ns + ἀνηκέστου + xapas) + ‘From + his + + fatal + pleasure.’ + The + harm + once + done + + would + have + been + irrevocable. + For + xa- + + ps, + cp. + infr. + 114, + ἐπειδὴ + τέρψις + ἥδε + σοι + + τὸ + dpv. + + 53. + 4. + πρός + τε + ποίμνας + .. + φρουρή- + + ματα] + ‘I + turmed + him + off + upon + the + + flocks, + and + the + mixed + charge + of + the + + herdsmen + that + was + not + yet + divided + + from + the + spoil.’ + i. + e. + simply + the + sheep + + and + oxen. + Schndw. + distinguishes + be- + + tween + the + sheep, + which + he + assumes + + to + have + been + kept + in + common + to + be + + slaughtered + as + food, + and + the + oxen, + + which + were + gradually + distributed + as + + booty. + That + no + such + exact + definition + + is + intended + here + is + proved + by + supr. + 25-7, + + Aelas + ἁπάσας + .. + abrots + ποιμνίων + ἐπιστά- + + rais. + The + words + λείας + ἄδαστα + are + added, + + to + show + that + the + act + of + Ajax + would + + provoke + the + whole + army + to + be + enraged + + against + him + with + one + consent. + Cp. + + infr. + 145-6, + 408-9. + + 55. + ἔκειρε + is + imperfect. + The + syllable + + keip + is + echoed + in + πολύκερων. + The + cog- + + naie + accusative + and + hypallage + together + + cannot + be + literally + rendered + in + English. + + ‘He + made + bloody + havoc + with + the + + horned + multitude, + ſelling + them + on + all + + sides + of + him. + +

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57. &xwv] ‘Having them in his power.’ μέν (1. 56) with δέ in]. 59, con- trasts the belief of Ajax with the reality described in 59, 60. Or, possibly (2) utv points forward to a 5 which is lost in I. 58, ie. ἐστὶ μὲν .. ἐστὶ .. Cp. Ant. 165-7, τοῦτο μὲν .. τοῦτ’ αὖθις. 58. ie. ἔσθ’ ὅτε ἐδόκει κτείνειν ἄλ- λοῦς τῶν στρατηλατῶν, ἄλλοτε ἄλλον, (‘" somebody else,—now one and now another,) ἐμπίτνων, sc. τῇ ἀγέλῃ. 59, 60. (1) ‘And as the man ranged to and fro, I urged him with madden- ing frenzy, and drave him into the evil net; ' or (2), construing μανιάσιν v6- oois with pordvra, ‘As he bounded to and fro in frenzy, I urged and drave him, etc. In the latter case the ex- pression is proleptic. The Scholion on ἕρκη, εἰς ἐρινῦν κακήν, perhaps con- ceals a v. 1, εἰς ἄρκυν κακήν, But cp. Od. 21. 238, 384, ἀνδρῶν ἡμετέροισιν ἐν ἕρκεσι. 61. ‘And then, when he had remis- sion of this toil.’ πόνου, the more general word, is better than φόνου, which is tautological. πόνου in con-

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nection with the preceding words, im- plies that the vain task was imposed on Ajax by the will of Athena. 63. ποίμνας τε mboas] When the chief of the flock were bound and dragged away, the rest would fol- low. 64. εὔκερων] This epithet applies to the sheep as well as to the kine. 65. σνδέτους is rather ‘tied to- gether’ than ‘bound hand and foot. Cp. infr. 296. 66. (1) ‘Come, I will show thee this affliction in full sight.’ περιφανῆ predicative. Or (2), taking the word attributively, "this signal frenzy.’ Cp. infr. 81 and note, infr. 229. 67. ὡς .. Gpofs) That you may noise it abroad.’ Cp. infr. 149, els ὦτα φέρει πᾶσιν Ὀδυσσεύς. 68. συμφορὰν δέχου τὸν ἄνδρα] Look for his coming as a misfortune: sc. ὡς συμφοράν. Cp. O. C. 142, μή μ’, ἱκετεύω, mpoctyr ἄνομον. And see E. on L. § 39. p. 73. 69, 70. uphrav .. εἰσιδεῖν] ‘I will divert the effluence of his eyes, and

+

+ 16 + ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

+

+ δισσοὺς + Ἀτρείδας + αὐτόχειρ + Κτείνειν + ἔχων, + +

+

+ 2. + +

+

+ p + xei + +

+

+ ὅτ’ + ἄλλοτ’ + ἄλλον + ἐμπίτνων + στρατηλατῶν. + +

+

+ ἐγὼ + δὲ + φοιτῶντ’ + ἄνδρα + μανιάσιν + νόσοις + +

+

+ Srpuvor, + εἰσέβαλλον + εἰς + ἕρκη + kakd. + 60 + +

+

+ z + +

+

+ κἄπειτ’, + ἐπειδὴ + τοῦδ’ + ἐλώφησεν + πόνου, + +

+

+ 2 + z + +

+

+ τοὺς + ζῶντας + αὖ + δεσμοῖσι + συνδήσας + βοῶν + +

+

+ ποίμνας + re + mdoas + εἰς + δόμους + κομίζεται, + +

+

+ ’ + +

+

+ ὡς + ἄνδρας, + otx + ὡς + εὔκερων + dypav + ἔχων. + +

+

+ A + +

+

+ kal + νῦν + kar + οἴκους + συνδέτους + αἰκίζεται. + 65 + +

+

+ 2. + +

+

+ δείξω + δὲ + καὶ + σοὶ + τήνδε + περιφανῆ + νόσον, + +

+

+ ὡς + πᾶσιν + Ἀργείοισιν + εἰσιδὼν + θροῇς. + +

+

+ θαρσῶν + δὲ + μίμνε + μηδὲ + συμφορὰν + δέχου + +

+

+ τὸν + ἀνδρ’· + ἐγὼ + γὰρ + ὀμμάτων + ἀποστρόφους + +

+

+ 5 + +

+

+ 57. + ἔχων] + γρ. + παρὼν + C. + 58. + +

+

+ ὅτ’] + ὅτ’ + Ci. + ἐμπίτνων] + ἐμπίπτων + LI. + +

+

+ TV + +

+

+ yp. + ἐμπεσὼν + C. + ἐμπίτνῶν + Α. + ἐμπίπτων + C. + +

+

+ 59. + μανιάσιν] + μανιάσι + LT + Pal. + +

+

+ μανιάσιν + AC. + +

+

+ 6ο. + εἰς + ἕρκη + κακά] + γρ. + εἰς + ἐρινῦν + κακήν + C2 + mg. + +

+

+ vp. + εἰς + ἔριν + οὐ + +

+

+ κακὴν + L2 + mg. + +

+

+ 61. + πόνου] + φόνου + LATL + Pal. + +

+

+ πόνου + Vat. + ac + M2. + πόνου + M. + +

+

+ 63. + κομίζετα + γρ. + κομίζει + L2. + +

+

+ 64. + ἄγραν] + . + . + (av) + ἄγραν + L. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 57. + &xwv] + ‘Having + them + in + his + + power.’ + μέν + (1. + 56) + with + δέ + in]. + 59, + con- + + trasts + the + belief + of + Ajax + with + the + reality + + described + in + 59, + 60. + Or, + possibly + (2) + utv + + points + forward + to + a + 5 + which + is + lost + in + + I. + 58, + ie. + ἐστὶ + μὲν + .. + ἐστὶ + .. + Cp. + + τοῦτο + μὲν + .. + τοῦτ’ + αὖθις. + + 58. + ie. + ἔσθ’ + ὅτε + ἐδόκει + κτείνειν + ἄλ- + + λοῦς + τῶν + στρατηλατῶν, + ἄλλοτε + ἄλλον, + + (‘" + somebody + else,—now + one + and + now + + another,) + ἐμπίτνων, + sc. + τῇ + ἀγέλῃ. + + 59, + 60. + (1) + ‘And + as + the + man + ranged + + to + and + fro, + I + urged + him + with + madden- + + ing + frenzy, + and + drave + him + into + the + evil + + net; + ' + or + (2), + construing + μανιάσιν + v6- + + oois + with + pordvra, + ‘As + he + bounded + + to + and + fro + in + frenzy, + I + urged + and + drave + + him, + etc. + In + the + latter + case + the + ex- + + pression + is + proleptic. + The + Scholion + + on + ἕρκη, + εἰς + ἐρινῦν + κακήν, + perhaps + con- + + ceals + a + v. + 1, + εἰς + ἄρκυν + κακήν, + But + cp. + + ἀνδρῶν + ἡμετέροισιν + + ἐν + ἕρκεσι. + + 61. + ‘And + then, + when + he + had + remis- + + sion + of + this + toil.’ + πόνου, + the + more + + general + word, + is + better + than + φόνου, + + which + is + tautological. + πόνου + in + con- + +

+ Commentary +

+ nection + with + the + preceding + words, + im- + + plies + that + the + vain + task + was + imposed + on + + Ajax + by + the + will + of + Athena. + + 63. + ποίμνας + τε + mboas] + When + the + + chief + of + the + flock + were + bound + and + + dragged + away, + the + rest + would + fol- + + low. + + 64. + εὔκερων] + This + epithet + applies + to + + the + sheep + as + well + as + to + the + kine. + + 65. + σνδέτους + is + rather + ‘tied + to- + + gether’ + than + ‘bound + hand + and + foot. + + Cp. + infr. + 296. + + 66. + (1) + ‘Come, + I + will + show + thee + + this + affliction + in + full + sight.’ + περιφανῆ + + predicative. + Or + (2), + taking + the + word + + attributively, + "this + signal + frenzy.’ + Cp. + + infr. + 81 + and + note, + infr. + 229. + + 67. + ὡς + .. + Gpofs) + That + you + may + noise + + it + abroad.’ + Cp. + infr. + 149, + els + ὦτα + φέρει + + πᾶσιν + Ὀδυσσεύς. + + 68. + συμφορὰν + δέχου + τὸν + ἄνδρα] + + Look + for + his + coming + as + a + misfortune: + + sc. + ὡς + συμφοράν. + Cp. + μή + μ’, + + ἱκετεύω, + mpoctyr + ἄνομον. + And + see + E. + + on + L. + § + 39. + p. + 73. + + 69, + 70. + uphrav + .. + εἰσιδεῖν] + ‘I + will + + divert + the + effluence + of + his + eyes, + and + +

-

A - avyas ἀπείρξω σὴν πρόσοψιν εἰσιδεῖν. οὗτος, σὲ τὸν τὰς αἰχμαλωτίδας χέρας δεσμοῖς ἀπευθύνοντα προσμολεῖν καλῶ· ’i - — Αἴαντα φωνῶ· στεῖχε δωμάτων πάρος. OA. 77 δρᾷς, Abdva; μηδαμῶς σφ’ ἔξω κάλει. r 7 ; ~ ΑΘ. οὐ σῖγ’ ἀνέξει μηδὲ δειλίαν ἀρεῖς ; " ar 2..2 A ’ 7 ΟΔ. μὴ πρὸς θεῶν, ἀλλ’ ἔνδον ἀρκείτω μένων. ΑΘ. τί μὴ γένηται; πρόσθεν οὐκ ἀνὴρ ὅδ’ ἦν; 2 2 2 OA. ἐχθρός ye τῷδε τἀνδρὶ καὶ τανῦν ἔτι. AO. οὔκουν γέλως ἥδιστος εἰς ἐχθροὺς γελᾶν; z 4 5 2 2 ΟΔ. ἐμοὶ μὲν ἀρκεῖ τοῦτον ἐν δόμοις μένειν. AO. μεμηνότ’ dvpa περιφανῶς ὀκνεῖς ἰδεῖν ; 2— *. 2 1 2 -

-

G 70. ἀπείρξω] ἀπείργω L. ἀπειργω C5. 71. αἰχμαλωτίδας] αἰχμαλωτιδας L. αἰχμαλώτιδας C. . 74. op ἔξω] ἔξω L. σφ’ ἔξω Cett. 75. ἀρεῖς] ἄρηισ εῖσ ἄρης LLZ ἄρηισ C. ἀρεῖς AR. ἀρῆι C. ἄρης MIV Pal. ἀρεῖς Vat. ac M2 Vs. 70. ἐν οις οὔκουν] οὐκοῦν LA. 30. ἐν δόμοις7] ἐσ δόμους L. ἐν δόμοις Α. ἐσ δομους CT. εἰς δόμους I. 81. ὀκνεῖς] ὄκνωι L. ὀκνεῖς A.

-

debar them from the sight of you’ ἀποστρόφους is predicative: i.e. dmo- στρέφουσα αὐτάς. On the ancient theory of vision and its effect on language, see E. on L. § 54. p. 99. μή is omitted after efpyw, as after κωλύω; ie. τὸ μὴ εἰσιδεῖν νιν σὴν πρόσοψιν, ‘I will turn away the light of his eyes, so that your form shall be invisible to him.’ Cp. Phil. 1407, εἴρξω πελάζειν. 71. Athena faces the tent and raises her voice. 72. ἀπευθύνοντα has been taken lite- rally, ‘4o bind straight or fast.’ But although the image of a constrained position is suggested by the word, it retains its more general meaning of ‘reducing to order or subjection,’ as in Eur. Bacch. 884- 6, ἀπευθύνει δὲ βροτῶν | τούς T ἀγνωμοσύναν τιμῶντας kal μὴ τὰ θεῶν | αὔξοντας ξὺν μαινομένᾳ δόξᾳ. 74. a although omitted by L, is probably genuine. 75. μηδὲ δειλίαν ἀρεῖε] ‘And not give way to cowardice.’ See E. onL. § 30. p. 52 d. 4pet, which Schndw. and Dindorf prefer. would mean, "Do not bring

-

upon yourself the imputation of coward- ice,’ a less appropriate expression. 76. ἔνδον ἀρκείτω μένῶν Enough that he is there, but let him not come forth’ E.on L. § 36. p. 63 a. 77. ‘For fear of what? Is he now for the first time a man?’ Athena ironically rallies Odysseus on his fear of seeing the madman. As Odysseus presently finds, Ajax in his madness is to be pitied, not to be feared. For the emphatic ἀνήρ, cp. O. C. 393, ὅτ’ οὐκέτ’ εἰμί, τηνικαῦτ’ dp εἴμ’ ἀνήρ; Others take the words to mean, "Up to this time was he not a (mortal) man ?’ in which is implied the thought, ‘Is he more than a man now?’ In either case the general meaning is, ‘You used not to be afraid of him ; why should you be so now 2’ 79. γελᾶν] The epexegetic infinitive follows the adjective ἥδιστος, and εἰς ἐχθρούς is to be taken both with yAws and γελᾶν. "Is not laughter pleasantest atfoes?’ ñ 81. περιφανῶς may be taken either with (D) μεμηνότα, or (2) with eir. Other uses of περιφανῶς are in ſavour of

+

+ A + - + + avyas + ἀπείρξω + σὴν + πρόσοψιν + εἰσιδεῖν. + + οὗτος, + σὲ + τὸν + τὰς + αἰχμαλωτίδας + χέρας + + δεσμοῖς + ἀπευθύνοντα + προσμολεῖν + καλῶ· + + ’i + - + — + + Αἴαντα + φωνῶ· + στεῖχε + δωμάτων + πάρος. + + OA. + 77 + δρᾷς, + Abdva; + μηδαμῶς + σφ’ + ἔξω + κάλει. + + r + 7 + ; + ~ + + ΑΘ. + οὐ + σῖγ’ + ἀνέξει + μηδὲ + δειλίαν + ἀρεῖς + ; + + " + ar + 2..2 + A + ’ + 7 + + ΟΔ. + μὴ + πρὸς + θεῶν, + ἀλλ’ + ἔνδον + ἀρκείτω + μένων. + + ΑΘ. + τί + μὴ + γένηται; + πρόσθεν + οὐκ + ἀνὴρ + ὅδ’ + ἦν; + + 2 + 2 + 2 + + OA. + ἐχθρός + ye + τῷδε + τἀνδρὶ + καὶ + τανῦν + ἔτι. + + AO. + οὔκουν + γέλως + ἥδιστος + εἰς + ἐχθροὺς + γελᾶν; + + z + 4 + 5 + 2 + 2 + + ΟΔ. + ἐμοὶ + μὲν + ἀρκεῖ + τοῦτον + ἐν + δόμοις + μένειν. + + AO. + μεμηνότ’ + dvpa + περιφανῶς + ὀκνεῖς + ἰδεῖν + ; + + 2— + *. + 2 + 1 + 2 + - + +

+ Critical Apparatus +

+ G + + 70. + ἀπείρξω] + ἀπείργω + L. + ἀπειργω + C5. + 71. + αἰχμαλωτίδας] + αἰχμαλωτιδας + L. + + αἰχμαλώτιδας + C. + . + 74. + op + ἔξω] + ἔξω + L. + σφ’ + ἔξω + Cett. + 75. + ἀρεῖς] + ἄρηισ + + εῖσ + ἄρης + + LLZ + ἄρηισ + C. + ἀρεῖς + AR. + ἀρῆι + C. + ἄρης + MIV + Pal. + ἀρεῖς + Vat. + ac + M2 + Vs. + 70. + + ἐν + οις + + οὔκουν] + οὐκοῦν + LA. + 30. + ἐν + δόμοις7] + ἐσ + δόμους + L. + ἐν + δόμοις + Α. + ἐσ + δομους + CT. + + εἰς + δόμους + I. + 81. + ὀκνεῖς] + ὄκνωι + L. + ὀκνεῖς + A. + +

+ Commentary +

+ debar + them + from + the + sight + of + you’ + + ἀποστρόφους + is + predicative: + i.e. + dmo- + + στρέφουσα + αὐτάς. + On + the + ancient + theory + + of + vision + and + its + effect + on + language, + see + + E. + on + L. + § + 54. + p. + 99. + μή + is + omitted + + after + efpyw, + as + after + κωλύω; + ie. + τὸ + μὴ + + εἰσιδεῖν + νιν + σὴν + πρόσοψιν, + ‘I + will + turn + + away + the + light + of + his + eyes, + so + that + your + + form + shall + be + invisible + to + him.’ + Cp. + + Phil. + 1407, + εἴρξω + πελάζειν. + + 71. + Athena + faces + the + tent + and + raises + + her + voice. + + 72. + ἀπευθύνοντα + has + been + taken + lite- + + rally, + ‘4o + bind + straight + or + fast.’ + But + + although + the + image + of + a + constrained + + position + is + suggested + by + the + word, + it + + retains + its + more + general + meaning + of + + ‘reducing + to + order + or + subjection,’ + as + in + + Eur. + Bacch. + 884- + 6, + ἀπευθύνει + δὲ + βροτῶν + | + + τούς + T + ἀγνωμοσύναν + τιμῶντας + kal + μὴ + τὰ + + θεῶν + | + αὔξοντας + ξὺν + μαινομένᾳ + δόξᾳ. + + 74. + a + although + omitted + by + L, + is + + probably + genuine. + + 75. + μηδὲ + δειλίαν + ἀρεῖε] + ‘And + not + + give + way + to + cowardice.’ + See + E. + onL. + + § + 30. + p. + 52 + d. + + 4pet, + which + Schndw. + and + Dindorf + + prefer. + would + mean, + "Do + not + bring + +

+ Commentary +

+ upon + yourself + the + imputation + of + coward- + + ice,’ + a + less + appropriate + expression. + + 76. + ἔνδον + ἀρκείτω + μένῶν + Enough + + that + he + is + there, + but + let + him + not + come + + forth’ + E.on + L. + § + 36. + p. + 63 + a. + + 77. + ‘For + fear + of + what? + Is + he + now + + for + the + first + time + a + man?’ + Athena + + ironically + rallies + Odysseus + on + his + fear + + of + seeing + the + madman. + As + Odysseus + + presently + finds, + Ajax + in + his + madness + is + + to + be + pitied, + not + to + be + feared. + For + + the + emphatic + ἀνήρ, + cp. + O. + C. + 393, + ὅτ’ + + οὐκέτ’ + εἰμί, + τηνικαῦτ’ + dp + εἴμ’ + ἀνήρ; + + Others + take + the + words + to + mean, + "Up + to + + this + time + was + he + not + a + (mortal) + man + ?’ + + in + which + is + implied + the + thought, + ‘Is + he + + more + than + a + man + now?’ + In + either + + case + the + general + meaning + is, + ‘You + used + + not + to + be + afraid + of + him + ; + why + should + + you + be + so + now + 2’ + + 79. + γελᾶν] + The + epexegetic + infinitive + + follows + the + adjective + ἥδιστος, + and + εἰς + + ἐχθρούς + is + to + be + taken + both + with + yAws + + and + γελᾶν. + "Is + not + laughter + pleasantest + + atfoes?’ + ñ + + 81. + περιφανῶς + may + be + taken + either + + with + (D) + μεμηνότα, + or + (2) + with + eir. + + Other + uses + of + περιφανῶς + are + in + ſavour + of + +

-

the former (I), but it makes better sense to join the adverb here with the whole expression ; i.e. not, ‘You shrink from seeing a man who is clearly insane,’ but, ‘You shrink from seeing plainly a man’s madness.’ Cp. infr. 229, περίφαντος. The same meaning may be obtained, however, by supposing the adverb in (I) to be used proleptically, (3) ‘You shrink from seeing a man’s madness clearly shown.’ 84. ὁφθαλμοῖς γε] γε adds emphasis; i.e. though his mind is alienated, he surely has not changed eyes. 85. καὶ δεδορκότα] καὶ =καίπερ. Cp. Pind. Ol. 7. 55, αἱ δὲ φρενῶν ταραχαὶ παρέπλαγξαν καὶ σοφόν. 86. μέντἄν] ‘Well, after all.’ μέντοι admits and enforces the correcting statement, which it sets over against that which is corrected, viz. l. 84. For γένοιτ’ ἂν .. πὰν, cp. Hdt. 4. 195, εἴη δ’ ἂν πᾶν. 88. μένοιμ’ ἄν] ‘I shall have to stay.’ ἐκτός] ‘Out of the way,’ as in ἐκτὸς κλαυμάτων, πημάτων (‘ out of harm’s way’). See L. and S. s. v.

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90. Athena affects to rally Ajax for disregarding her help on this occasion, as he had before scornfully rejected it. Cp. infr. 774, 5. This helps to bring out his unconsciousness of her dis- pleasure. τῆς συμμάχου] Cp. l. 60. 91 foll. Ajax enters with the scourge in his hand. It is from this scene that the play takes its name of Aἴας μαστι- γοφόρος. Ll. 91-3 may be contrasted with 176 foll. Ajax is not by nature impious, although in the pride of his youth he may have been guilty of im- piety; but he speaks to the goddess with the blunt familiarity of a comrade in arms. καί in l. 92 has an encouraging, almost patronizing, sound. 93. στέψω] ‘I will grace’ or ‘hon- our’ thee. 94. ἐκεῖνο] ‘That other thing.’ For a similar emphatic use of the pronoun (with comic exaggeration), cp. Aristoph. Nub. 655-7, οὐ γάρ, ᾠζυρέ, | τούτων ἐπιθυμῶ μανθάνειν οὐδέν. ΣΩ. τί δαί; | ΣΤ. ἐκεῖν’ ἐκεῖνο, τὸν ἀδικώτερον λόγον.

+

+ 18 + +

+

+ 18 + +

+

+ ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

+

+ ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

+

+ ΟΔ. + φρονοῦντα + γάρ + νιν + οὐκ + ἂν + ἐξέστην + ὄκνῳ. + +

+

+ ΟΔ. + φρονοῦντα + γάρ + νιν + οὐκ + ἂν + ἐξέστην + ὄκνῳ. + +

+

+ ΑΘ. + ἀλλ’ + οὐδὲ + νῦν + σε + μὴ + παρόντ’ + ἴδῃ + πέλας. + +

+

+ ΑΘ. + ἀλλ’ + οὐδὲ + νῦν + σε + μὴ + παρόντ’ + ἴδῃ + πέλας. + +

+

+ ΟΔ. + πῶς, + εἴπερ + ὀφθαλμοῖς + γε + τοῖς + αὐτοῖς + ὁρᾷ; + +

+

+ ΟΔ. + πῶς, + εἴπερ + ὀφθαλμοῖς + γε + τοῖς + αὐτοῖς + ὁρᾷ; + +

+

+ ΑΘ. + ἐγὼ + σκοτώσω + βλέφαρα + καὶ + δεδορκότα. + +

+

+ ΑΘ. + ἐγὼ + σκοτώσω + βλέφαρα + καὶ + δεδορκότα. + +

+

+ 85 + +

+

+ 85 + +

+

+ ΟΔ. + γένοιτο + μέντἂν + πᾶν + θεοῦ + τεχνωμένου. + +

+

+ ΟΔ. + γένοιτο + μέντἂν + πᾶν + θεοῦ + τεχνωμένου. + +

+

+ ΑΘ. + σίγα + νυν + ἐστὼς + καὶ + μέν’ + ὡς + κυρεῖς + ἔχων. + +

+

+ ΑΘ. + σίγα + νυν + ἐστὼς + καὶ + μέν’ + ὡς + κυρεῖς + ἔχων. + +

+

+ ΟΔ. + μένοιμ’ + ἄν· + ἤθελον + δ’ + ἂν + ἐκτὸς + ὢν + τυχεῖν. + +

+

+ ΟΔ. + μένοιμ’ + ἄν· + ἤθελον + δ’ + ἂν + ἐκτὸς + ὢν + τυχεῖν. + +

+

+ ΑΘ. + ὦ + οὗτος, + Αἴας, + δεύτερόν + σε + προσκαλῶ. + +

+

+ ΑΘ. + ὦ + οὗτος, + Αἴας, + δεύτερόν + σε + προσκαλῶ. + +

+

+ τί + βαιὸν + οὕτως + ἐντρέπει + τῆς + συμμάχου; + +

+

+ τί + βαιὸν + οὕτως + ἐντρέπει + τῆς + συμμάχου; + +

+

+ 90 + +

+

+ 90 + +

+

+ ΑΙΑΣ. + +

+

+ ΑΙΑΣ. + +

+

+ ὦ + χαῖρ’ + Ἀθάνα, + χαῖρε + Διογενὲς + τέκνον, + +

+

+ ὦ + χαῖρ’ + Ἀθάνα, + χαῖρε + Διογενὲς + τέκνον, + +

+

+ ὡς + εὖ + παρέστης· + καί + σε + παγχρύσοις + ἐγὼ + +

+

+ ὡς + εὖ + παρέστης· + καί + σε + παγχρύσοις + ἐγὼ + +

+

+ στέψω + λαφύροις + τῆσδε + τῆς + ἄγρας + χάριν. + +

+

+ στέψω + λαφύροις + τῆσδε + τῆς + ἄγρας + χάριν. + +

+

+ ΑΘ. + καλῶς + ἔλεξας. + ἀλλ’ + ἐκεῖνό + μοι + φράσον, + +

+

+ ΑΘ. + καλῶς + ἔλεξας. + ἀλλ’ + ἐκεῖνό + μοι + φράσον, + +

+

+ ἔβαψας + ἔγχος + εὖ + πρὸς + Ἀργείων + στρατῷ; + +

+

+ ἔβαψας + ἔγχος + εὖ + πρὸς + Ἀργείων + στρατῷ; + +

+

+ 95 + +

+

+ 95 + +

+

+ 89. + Αἴας] + αἶαν + Γ + Pal.c + 95. + στρατῷ] + γρ. + στρατὸν + L2. + στρατὸν + M. + +

+

+ 89. + Αἴας] + αἶαν + Γ + Pal.c + 95. + στρατῷ] + γρ. + στρατὸν + L2. + στρατὸν + M. + +

+ Commentary +

+ the + former + (I), + but + it + makes + better + sense + + to + join + the + adverb + here + with + the + whole + + expression + ; + i.e. + not, + ‘You + shrink + from + + seeing + a + man + who + is + clearly + insane,’ + but, + + ‘You + shrink + from + seeing + plainly + a + man’s + + madness.’ + Cp. + infr. + 229, + περίφαντος. + + The + same + meaning + may + be + obtained, + + however, + by + supposing + the + adverb + in + + (I) + to + be + used + proleptically, + (3) + ‘You + + shrink + from + seeing + a + man’s + madness + + clearly + shown.’ + + 84. + ὁφθαλμοῖς + γε] + γε + adds + emphasis; + + i.e. + though + his + mind + is + alienated, + he + + surely + has + not + changed + eyes. + + 85. + καὶ + δεδορκότα] + καὶ + =καίπερ. + Cp. + + αἱ + δὲ + φρενῶν + ταραχαὶ + + παρέπλαγξαν + καὶ + σοφόν. + + 86. + μέντἄν] + ‘Well, + after + all.’ + μέντοι + + admits + and + enforces + the + correcting + + statement, + which + it + sets + over + against + + that + which + is + corrected, + viz. + l. + 84. + For + + γένοιτ’ + ἂν + .. + πὰν, + cp. + Hdt. + 4. + 195, + εἴη + + δ’ + ἂν + πᾶν. + + 88. + μένοιμ’ + ἄν] + ‘I shall + have + to + stay.’ + + ἐκτός] + ‘Out + of + the + way,’ + as + in + ἐκτὸς + + κλαυμάτων, + πημάτων + (‘ + out + of + harm’s + + way’). + See + L. + and + S. + s. + v. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 90. + Athena + affects + to + rally + Ajax + for + + disregarding + her + help + on + this + occasion, + + as + he + had + before + scornfully + rejected + it. + + Cp. + infr. + 774, + 5. + This + helps + to + bring + + out + his + unconsciousness + of + her + dis- + + pleasure. + + τῆς + συμμάχου] + Cp. + l. + 60. + + 91 + foll. + Ajax + enters + with + the + scourge + + in + his + hand. + It + is + from + this + scene + that + + the + play + takes + its + name + of + Aἴας + μαστι- + + γοφόρος. + Ll. + 91-3 + may + be + contrasted + + with + 176 + foll. + Ajax + is + not + by + nature + + impious, + although + in + the + pride + of + his + + youth + he + may + have + been + guilty + of + im- + + piety; + but + he + speaks + to + the + goddess + with + + the + blunt + familiarity + of + a + comrade + in + + arms. + καί + in + l. + 92 + has + an + encouraging, + + almost + patronizing, + sound. + + 93. + στέψω] + ‘I + will + grace’ + or + ‘hon- + + our’ + thee. + + 94. + ἐκεῖνο] + ‘That + other + thing.’ + For + a + + similar emphatic + use + of + the pronoun + (with + + comic + exaggeration), + cp. + + οὐ + γάρ, + ᾠζυρέ, + | + τούτων + ἐπιθυμῶ + + μανθάνειν + οὐδέν. + ΣΩ. + τί + δαί; + | + ΣΤ. + ἐκεῖν’ + + ἐκεῖνο, + τὸν + ἀδικώτερον + λόγον. + +

-

96. kburos πάρεστι] ‘I am free to boast’ (of that). 97. πρὸς Ἀτρείδαισιν ἤχμασας xépal Did you make an armed attack upon the Atreidae 2" The construction with πρός is continued from l. 95. xépa, as supr. 40, is cogn. accus. in the sense of ‘aviolent act.’ Cp. Trach. 355. Musgr. conj. fuatas. Cp. infr. 453. The use of xépa here as cogn. accus. without an epithet is somewhat singular. 98. οἵδ’] He believes them to be lying dead within the tent. Cp. infr. 237 ff. 101. εἶεν, τί γὰρ ) ‘Enough. For I would know.’ She professes to tum her thoughts from the Atreidae to Odysseus, who is more interesting as the especial enemy of Ajax. 102. ποῦ σοι TX ἕἔστηκεν ;] Vhat have you done with him? Where stands he now?’ σοι implies that Odysseus is in Ajax’ power. i03. τοὐπίτρίπτου κίναδος] ‘The accursed fox."’ The verbal, by a sort of prolepsis, expresses what ought to be. c

-

Cp. the Homeric o2Abpuevos—The fox is at once noxious and cunning. 104. The stop after ἔγωγ makes the expression more pointed, and agrees better with the use of λέγω than if ἔγωγ’ Ὀδυσσέα, κ.τ.λ. were read. ἐνστάτην] ‘Opponent.’ Cp. Thuc. 8. 69, ἤν 7is ἐνιστῆται τοῖς ποιουμένοιε. 105. ἥδιστο] ‘Most welcome.’ Cp. EL 929, ἡδύς, οὔδὲ μητρὶ δυσχερής. 106. θακεῖ] The ram taken for Odys- seus had already been made to sit upwards against the pillar (infr. 240, cp. 108). 107. κερδάνῃς] This is said in bitter irony. Ajax is not gaining but losing all. 108. κίον’ ἑρκείου στέγη5] ‘The roof- supporting pillar of my house.’ 110. It has been thought necessary to alter this line because of the pleonasm of bãvn, which, however, is natural enough afterthe interruption. Cp. Trach. 1130-3, τέθνηκεν . πρὶν ὡς xpAY σφ’ ἐξ ἐμῆς θανεῖν χερός : Phil. 1329-1334, παῦλαν .. μή- ποτ’ ἂν τυχεῖν | ῥόσου θαρείας . . | πρὶν

+

+ ΑΙΣ. + 19 + +

+

+ ΑΙ. + κόμπος + πάρεστι + κοὺκ + ἀπαρνοῦμαι + τὸ + μή. + +

+

+ ΑΘ. + ἦ + καὶ + πρὸς + Ἀτρείδαισιν + fixuacas + xépa; + +

+

+ ΑΙ. + ὥστ’ + οὔποτ’ + Αἴανθ’ + οἵδ’ + ἀτιμάσουσ’ + ἔτι. + +

+

+ AO. + τεθνᾶσιν + ἄνδρες, + ὡς + τὸ + σὸν + ξυνῆκ’ + ἐγώ. + +

+

+ ΑΙ. + θανόντες + ἤδη + τἄμ’ + ἀφαιρείσθων + ὅπλα. + 100 + +

+

+ ΑΘ. + εἶεν, + τί + γὰρ + δὴ + παῖς + ὁ + τοῦ + Λαερτίου, + +

+

+ ποῦ + σοι + τύχης + ἕστηκεν; + ἢ + πέφευγέ + σε; + +

+

+ ΑΙ. + G + τοὐπίτριπτον + κίναδος + ἐξήρου + μ’ + ὅπου; + +

+

+ ΑΘ. + ἔγωγ· + Ὀδυσσέα + τὸν + σὸν + ἐνστάτην + λέγω. + +

+

+ ΑΙ. + ἥδιστος, + B + δέσποινα, + δεσμώτης + ἔσω + 105 + +

+

+ θακεῖ + θανεῖν + γὰρ + αὐτὸν + o + τί + πω + θέλω. + +

+

+ ΑΘ. + πρὶν + ἂν + τί + δράσῃς + ἢ + τί + κερδάνῃς + πλέον; + +

+

+ A4. + πρὶν + ἂν + δεθεὶς + πρὸς + κίον’ + ἑρκείου + στέγης + +

+

+ ΑΘ. + τί + δῆτα + τὸν + δύστηνον + ἐργάσει + κακόν; + +

+

+ Al + μάστιγι + πρῶτον + νῶτα + φοινιχθεὶς + θάνῃ. + 110 + +

+

+ 97. + χέρα] + χέραι + L. + χέρα + A. + χέρας + I. + 98. + οἵδ’] + οἶδ’ + L. + οἵδ’ + CA + Pal. + +

+

+ dripdoove’ + ἀτιμάσωσ’ + L. + ἀτιμάσούσ’ + AC. + 99. + ἅνδρες] + ἄνδρες + LA. + 102. + +

+

+ εις + +

+

+ ἔστηκεν] + ἔστηκεν + LA. + +

+

+ 107. + κερδάνῃς] + κερδάνηισ + L. + κερδάνεῖς + Α. + κερδάνηις + Cꝰ. + +

+

+ 108. + ἑρκείου] + ἑρκίου + MSS. + ElmsL + corr. + +

+

+ 109. + ἐργάσει] + ἐργάση + LA. + ἐργάσῃ + Τ. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 96. + kburos + πάρεστι] + ‘I + am + free + to + + boast’ + (of + that). + + 97. + πρὸς + Ἀτρείδαισιν + ἤχμασας + xépal + + Did + you + make + an + armed + attack + upon + + the + Atreidae + 2" + The + construction + with + + πρός + is + continued + from + l. + 95. + xépa, + as + + supr. + 40, + is + cogn. + accus. + in + the + sense + of + + ‘aviolent + act.’ + Cp. + Musgr. + + conj. + fuatas. + Cp. + infr. + 453. + The + use + + of + xépa + here + as + cogn. + accus. + without + an + + epithet + is + somewhat + singular. + + 98. + οἵδ’] + He + believes + them + to + be + + lying + dead + within + the + tent. + Cp. + infr. + + 237 + ff. + + 101. + εἶεν, + τί + γὰρ + ) + ‘Enough. + For + + I + would + know.’ + She + professes + to + tum + + her + thoughts + from + the + Atreidae + to + + Odysseus, + who + is + more + interesting + as + + the + especial + enemy + of + Ajax. + + 102. + ποῦ + σοι + TX + ἕἔστηκεν + ;] + Vhat + + have + you + done + with + him? + Where + + stands + he + now?’ + σοι + implies + that + + Odysseus + is + in + Ajax’ + power. + + i03. + τοὐπίτρίπτου + κίναδος] + ‘The + + accursed + fox."’ + The + verbal, + by + a + sort + of + + prolepsis, + expresses + what + ought + to + be. + + c + +

+ Commentary +

+ Cp. + the + Homeric + o2Abpuevos—The + fox + is + + at + once + noxious + and + cunning. + + 104. + The + stop + after + ἔγωγ + makes + the + + expression + more + pointed, + and + agrees + + better + with + the + use + of + λέγω + than + if + + ἔγωγ’ + Ὀδυσσέα, + κ.τ.λ. + were + read. + + ἐνστάτην] + ‘Opponent.’ + Cp. + Thuc. + + 8. + 69, + ἤν + 7is + ἐνιστῆται + τοῖς + ποιουμένοιε. + + 105. + ἥδιστο] + ‘Most + welcome.’ + Cp. + + ἡδύς, + οὔδὲ + μητρὶ + δυσχερής. + + 106. + θακεῖ] + The + ram + taken + for + Odys- + + seus + had + already + been + made + to + sit + + upwards + against + the + pillar + (infr. + 240, + + cp. + 108). + + 107. + κερδάνῃς] + This + is + said + in + bitter + + irony. + Ajax + is + not + gaining + but + losing + + all. + + 108. + κίον’ + ἑρκείου + στέγη5] + ‘The + roof- + + supporting + pillar + of + my + house.’ + + 110. + It + has + been + thought + necessary + to + + alter + this + line + because + of + the + pleonasm + of + + bãvn, + which, + however, + is + natural + enough + + afterthe + interruption. + Cp. + + τέθνηκεν + . + πρὶν + ὡς + xpAY + σφ’ + ἐξ + ἐμῆς + θανεῖν + + χερός + : + παῦλαν + .. + μή- + + ποτ’ + ἂν + τυχεῖν + | + ῥόσου + θαρείας + . + . + | + πρὶν + +

+

+ 2 + +

-

.. | τῶν παρ’ ἡμῖν ἐντυχὼν Ἀσκλη- πιδῶν | νόσου μαλαχθῇς τῆσδε. The principal notion is expressed by the participle. ‘He shall not die till he is πρῶτον resumes whipped to death’ πρὶν r, 1, 108. φοινιχθείς1 ‘Crimsoned.’ The word conveys the murderous energy of Ajax’ mood. 111. Athena affects pity for Odysseus in order to rouse Ajax more, and so to make the situation more striking to Odysseus. 112. ‘In all else, Athena, I would have thee to enjoy thy will.’ For the construction, cp. Aesch. Cho. 1038-9. 114. σὺ ov] ‘Well, and you for your part.’ Tépis ἥδε .. τὸ δρᾶν] tl.c. τέρψις rò δρᾶν ὧδε. Essay on L. § 35. p. 60. 116. τοῦτό ooL lepa] These words have been unnecessarily altered by some editors because of the post- ponement of δέ. For the omission of the vocative, giving a tone of perempt- oriness and familiarity, cp. O. T. 637, οὐκ εἶ σύ τ’ olkovs, k.T A. The proximity of ἐφίεμαι in 112 suggests the repetition of the word in a slightly different sense.

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117. Ajax retires into the hut. 119, 20. rlsdvooL.. εὑρέθη] ‘Whom could you have found,’ if you had sought for such a one formeriy? The aorist with dv here denotes possibility in past time, as in Trach. 707, 8, πόθεν γὰρ av.. | ἐμοὶ παρέσχ’ εὔνοιαν; προνούστερος1 The Ajax of Sophocles is clearsighted as well as prompt in action. This touch prepares us for his profound feeling of the situation, when he awakes from his madness. Cp. I. 7. 197, where Ajax says, Οὐ γάρ ris με Biy γε ἑκὼν ἀέκοντα δίηται, οὐδὲ μὲν ἰδρείῃ, kTA 121. For this division of the sena- rius, cp. El. 1302. 122. ἔμπης (or ἔμπας) is to be joined in sense with ἐποικτείρω. It is strange that Hermann should have joined it to δύστηνον. Like ὅμως, εὐθύς, and other words, which strictly belong to the apodosis, 4uras verbally adheres to the protasis. Cp. infr. 563. 123. "Because he is fast yoked with an evii doom.’ The calamity from which he cannot disengage himself is imagined as a yokefellow of Ajax that is too strong for him.

+

+ 20 + +

+

+ ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

+

+ ΑΘ. + μὴ + δῆτα + τὸν + δύστηνον + ὧδέ + γ’ + αἰκίσῃ. + +

+

+ Al. + χαίρειν, + Ἀθάνα, + TdAX + ἐγώ + σ’ + ἐφίεμαι· + +

+

+ κεῖνος + δὲ + τίσει + τήνδε + κοὐκ + ἄλλην + δίκην. + +

+

+ ΑΘ. + σὺ + δ’ + οὖν, + ἐπειδὴ + τέρψις + ἥδε + σοι + τὸ + δρᾶν, + +

+

+ Χρῶ + χειρί, + φείδου + μηδὲν + ὧνπερ + ἐννοεῖς. + 115 + +

+

+ ΑΙ. + χωρῶ + πρὸς + ἔργον· + τοῦτό + σοι + δ’ + ἐφίεμαι, + [2 + b + +

+

+ τοιάνδ’ + det + μοι + σύμμαχον + παρεστάναι, + +

+

+ ΑΘ. + ὁρᾷς, + Ὀδυσσεῦ, + τὴν + θεῶν + ἰσχὺν + ὅση + ; + +

+

+ τούτου + τίς + dv + σοι + τἀνδρὸς + ἢ + προνούστερος, + +

+

+ ἢ + δρᾶν + ἀμείνων + εὑρέθη + τὰ + καίρια; + 120 + +

+

+ ΟΔ. + ἐγὼ + μὲν + οὐδέν’ + οἶδ’· + ἐποικτείρω + δέ + νιν + +

+

+ δύστηνον + ἔμπης + καίπερ + ὄντα + δυσμενῆ, + . + +

+

+ ὁθούνεκ’ + ἄτῃ + συγκατέζευκται + κακῇ, + +

+

+ οὐδὲν + τὸ + τούτου + μᾶλλον + ἢ + τοὐμὸν + σκοπῶν. + +

+

+ ὁρῶ + γὰρ + ἡμᾶς + οὐδὲν + ὄντας + ἄλλο + πλὴν + +

+

+ 125 + +

+

+ 112. + ἐγώσ] + ἐγωγέσ’ + 1.. + ἔγωγέ + σ’ + AT. + +

+

+ 115. + ἐννοεῖς] + γρ. + ἐννέπεισ + Cꝰ. + νοεῖ + P. + +

+

+ 122. + ἔμπης] + ἔμπας + Schol. + +

+

+ δύστηνον· + Eums + Vat. + ac. + +

+

+ 123. + ὁθούνεκ’] + ὁθ’ + οὕνεκ’ + L. + +

+

+ ὁθούνεκ’ + A. + +

+ Commentary +

+ .. + | + τῶν + παρ’ + ἡμῖν + ἐντυχὼν + Ἀσκλη- + + πιδῶν + | + νόσου + μαλαχθῇς + τῆσδε. + The + + principal + notion + is + expressed + by + the + + participle. + ‘He + shall + not + die + till + he + is + + πρῶτον + resumes + + whipped + to + death’ + + πρὶν + r, + 1, + 108. + + φοινιχθείς1 + ‘Crimsoned.’ + The + word + + conveys + the + murderous + energy + of + Ajax’ + + mood. + + 111. + Athena + affects + pity + for + Odysseus + + in + order + to + rouse + Ajax + more, + and + so + to + + make + the + situation + more + striking + to + + Odysseus. + + 112. + ‘In + all + else, + Athena, + I + would + + have + thee + to + enjoy + thy + will.’ + For + the + + construction, + cp. + + 114. + σὺ + ov] + ‘Well, + and + you + for + + your + part.’ + + Tépis + ἥδε + .. + τὸ + δρᾶν] + tl.c. + τέρψις + + rò + δρᾶν + ὧδε. + Essay + on + L. + § + 35. + p. + 60. + + 116. + τοῦτό + ooL + lepa] + These + + words + have + been + unnecessarily + altered + + by + some + editors + because + of + the + post- + + ponement + of + δέ. + For + the + omission + of + + the + vocative, + giving + a + tone + of + perempt- + + oriness + and + familiarity, + cp. + + οὐκ + εἶ + σύ + τ’ + olkovs, + k.T + A. + The + proximity + + of + ἐφίεμαι + in + 112 + suggests + the + repetition + + of + the + word + in + a + slightly + different + sense. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 117. + Ajax + retires + into + the + hut. + + 119, + 20. + rlsdvooL.. + εὑρέθη] + ‘Whom + + could + you + have + found,’ + if + you + had + + sought + for + such + a + one + formeriy? + The + + aorist + with + dv + here + denotes + possibility + + in + past + time, + as + in + πόθεν + + γὰρ + av.. + | + ἐμοὶ + παρέσχ’ + εὔνοιαν; + + προνούστερος1 + The + Ajax + of + Sophocles + + is + clearsighted + as + well + as + prompt + in + + action. + This + touch + prepares + us + for + his + + profound + feeling + of + the + situation, + when + + he + awakes + from + his + madness. + Cp. + + where + Ajax + says, + Οὐ + γάρ + ris + + με + Biy + γε + ἑκὼν + ἀέκοντα + δίηται, + οὐδὲ + μὲν + + ἰδρείῃ, + kTA + + 121. + For + this + division + of + the + sena- + + rius, + cp. + + 122. + ἔμπης + (or + ἔμπας) + is + to + be + joined + + in + sense + with + ἐποικτείρω. + It + is + strange + + that + Hermann + should + have + joined + it + to + + δύστηνον. + Like + ὅμως, + εὐθύς, + and + other + + words, + which + strictly + belong + to + the + + apodosis, + 4uras + verbally + adheres + to + the + + protasis. + Cp. + infr. + 563. + + 123. + "Because + he + is + fast + yoked + with + + an + evii + doom.’ + The + calamity + from + + which + he + cannot + disengage + himself + is + + imagined + as + a + yokefellow + of + Ajax + that + + is + too + strong + for + him. + +

-

5 5 7 2 εἴδωλ’, ὅσοιπερ ζῶμεν, ἢ κούφην σκιάν. AO. τοιαῦτα τοίνυν εἰσορῶν ὑπέρκοπον 2 ; 8 μηδέν ποτ’ εἴπῃς abrds εἰς θεοὺς ἔπος, μηδ’ ὄγκον ἄρῃ μηδέν’, εἴ τινος πλέον ἢ χειρὶ βρίθεις ἢ μακροῦ πλούτου βάθει, ὡς ἡμέρα κλίνει τε κἀνάγει πάλιν ἅπαντα τἀνθρώπεια· τοὺς δὲ σώφρονας θεοὶ φιλοῦσι καὶ στυγοῦσι τοὺς κακούς. ΧΟΡΟΣ. Τελαμώνιε παῖ, τῆς ἀμφιρύτου Σαλαμῖνος ἔχων βάθρον ἀγχιάλου,

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126. εἴδωλ’] εἴδωλα L. εἴδωλ’ A. 127. AO. om. L. add. C. ὑπέρκοπον] ὑπέρκομπον Lẽ Pal. ΜΜς. ἄρῃ] sic LL2 Suidas. dpns Pal. VMM2. 129. 9 130. βάθει] βάρει Pal. MP. BdpeR.

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128. αὐτός] Odysseus is warned not to do as Ajax had done. Cp. infr. 773. Hence the emphatic pronoun. 129. μηδ’ ὄγκον dpy μηδέν] ‘Nor take on thee a lofty mien.’ The middle voice (see above, l. 75) is here more appropriate. Cp. the expression ὄγκον περιθεῖναί τινι, Plut. Pericl. 4. 130. xetpt] ‘In might’ μακροῦ πλούτου 349] The v. 1. βάρει may be supported from Eur. El. 1287, δότω πλούτου Bapos, but is less likely with βρίθεις preceding than Bd6e, for which, cp. βαθύπλουτοξ. μακρός in poetry is often equivalent to uébyas. L. and S. s. v. 1. 4. Some new verb, such as πληθύεις, is to be supplied with βάθει. 131. ἡμέρα] ‘Time in its course, i. e. ἡ del obca nuépa. For this generalized use, cp. especially infr. 624, παλαίᾳ .. Grpopos ἁμέρᾳ; O. C. 1138, b πόδ’ Huépas. For the sentiment, cp. Ant. 1158-60, τύχη γὰρ ὀρθοῖ καὶ τύχη κα- ταῤρέπει | T εὐτυχοῦντα τόν τε δυσ- τυχοῦντ’ ἀεί· | καὶ μάντις οὐδεὶς τῶν καθεστώτων βροτοῖς. But the point here lies in the combination of the two γνῶμαι. The two considerations are urged side by side, that Fortune is unstable, and that God cares for the righteous. Therefore, do not trust to fortune, but be righteous.

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131, 2. ‘Time makes all human things to set and rise again, but the gods love the righteous, while they abhor the wicked.’ 132, 3. σώφρονας ..kakes] For the inexact antithesis of the general to the specific word, see Essay on L. § 51. p. o7. 134-200. The first part of the par- odos consists of six anapaestic systems (Il. 134-171), during the recitation of which the Chorus pace to and fro in the orchestra, before the tent of Ajax. This long-continued movement, which betokens the restless anxiety of the mariners for their prince, also strikes a note in harmony with the feelings of the spectator, to whom the horror that is going on within has already been revealed. He knows that their dreadful apprehensions are only too true. It is followed by a strophe, anti- strophe, and epode (Il. 172-200), which mark the climax of their agitation be- fore the entrance of Tecmessa. 134. Τελαμώνιε] Cp. Pind. Pyth. 2. 35. ὦ Δεινομένειε παῖ. 135. ἔχων] ‘Lord of-. Cp. Pind. Nem. 4. 78, Alas Σαλαμῖν’ ἔχει πατρῴαν. ἀγχιάχου] ‘Seaward.’ The ancient town of Salamis was on the side of the island towards the open sea, Strabo, 9, p. 303. Cp. Pind. OL 10. 99, εἰναλία 7" JEevois : Aesch. Pers. 887.

+

+ 5 + 5 + 7 + 2 + + εἴδωλ’, + ὅσοιπερ + ζῶμεν, + ἢ + κούφην + σκιάν. + + AO. + + τοιαῦτα + τοίνυν + εἰσορῶν + ὑπέρκοπον + + 2 + ; + 8 + + μηδέν + ποτ’ + εἴπῃς + abrds + εἰς + θεοὺς + ἔπος, + + μηδ’ + ὄγκον + ἄρῃ + μηδέν’, + εἴ + τινος + πλέον + + ἢ + χειρὶ + βρίθεις + ἢ + μακροῦ + πλούτου + βάθει, + + ὡς + ἡμέρα + κλίνει + τε + κἀνάγει + πάλιν + + ἅπαντα + τἀνθρώπεια· + τοὺς + δὲ + σώφρονας + + θεοὶ + φιλοῦσι + καὶ + στυγοῦσι + τοὺς + κακούς. + + ΧΟΡΟΣ. + + Τελαμώνιε + παῖ, + τῆς + ἀμφιρύτου + + Σαλαμῖνος + ἔχων + βάθρον + ἀγχιάλου, + +

+ Critical Apparatus +

+ 126. + εἴδωλ’] + εἴδωλα + L. + εἴδωλ’ + A. + + 127. + AO. + om. + L. + add. + C. + ὑπέρκοπον] + + ὑπέρκομπον + Lẽ + Pal. + ΜΜς. + + ἄρῃ] + sic + LL2 + Suidas. + dpns + Pal. + VMM2. + + 129. + + 9 + + 130. + βάθει] + βάρει + Pal. + MP. + BdpeR. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 128. + αὐτός] + Odysseus + is + warned + not + + to + do + as + Ajax + had + done. + Cp. + infr. + 773. + + Hence + the + emphatic + pronoun. + + 129. + μηδ’ + ὄγκον + dpy + μηδέν] + ‘Nor + + take + on + thee + a + lofty + mien.’ + The + middle + + voice + (see + above, + l. + 75) + is + here + more + + appropriate. + Cp. + the + expression + ὄγκον + + περιθεῖναί + τινι, + + 130. + xetpt] + ‘In + might’ + + μακροῦ + πλούτου + 349] + The + v. + 1. + + βάρει + may + be + supported + from + + δότω + πλούτου + Bapos, + but + is + less + + likely + with + βρίθεις + preceding + than + Bd6e, + + for + which, + cp. + βαθύπλουτοξ. + μακρός + in + + poetry + is + often + equivalent + to + uébyas. + + L. + and + S. + s. + v. + 1. + 4. + Some + new + verb, + + such + as + πληθύεις, + is + to + be + supplied + with + + βάθει. + + 131. + ἡμέρα] + ‘Time + in + its + course, + i. + e. + + ἡ + del + obca + nuépa. + For + this + generalized + + use, + cp. + especially + infr. + 624, + παλαίᾳ + .. + + Grpopos + ἁμέρᾳ; + b + πόδ’ + + Huépas. + For + the + sentiment, + cp. + + τύχη + γὰρ + ὀρθοῖ + καὶ + τύχη + κα- + + ταῤρέπει + | + T + εὐτυχοῦντα + τόν + τε + δυσ- + + τυχοῦντ’ + ἀεί· + | + καὶ + μάντις + οὐδεὶς + τῶν + + καθεστώτων + βροτοῖς. + But + the + point + here + + lies + in + the + combination + of + the + two + + γνῶμαι. + The + two + considerations + are + + urged + side + by + side, + that + Fortune + is + + unstable, + and + that + God + cares + for + the + + righteous. + Therefore, + do + not + trust + to + + fortune, + but + be + righteous. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 131, + 2. + ‘Time + makes + all + human + + things + to + set + and + rise + again, + but + the + + gods + love + the + righteous, + while + they + + abhor + the + wicked.’ + + 132, + 3. + σώφρονας + ..kakes] + For + the + + inexact + antithesis + of + the + general + to + the + + specific + word, + see + Essay + on + L. + § + 51. + p. + o7. + + 134-200. + The + first + part + of + the + par- + + odos + consists + of + six + anapaestic + systems + + (Il. + 134-171), + during + the + recitation + of + + which + the + Chorus + pace + to + and + fro + in + + the + orchestra, + before + the + tent + of + Ajax. + + This + long-continued + movement, + which + + betokens + the + restless + anxiety + of + the + + mariners + for + their + prince, + also + strikes + a + + note + in + harmony + with + the + feelings + of + + the + spectator, + to + whom + the + horror + + that + is + going + on + within + has + already + + been + revealed. + He + knows + that + their + + dreadful + apprehensions + are + only + too + + true. + It + is + followed + by + a + strophe, + anti- + + strophe, + and + epode + (Il. + 172-200), + which + + mark + the + climax + of + their + agitation + be- + + fore + the + entrance + of + Tecmessa. + + 134. + Τελαμώνιε] + Cp. + + 35. + ὦ + Δεινομένειε + παῖ. + + 135. + ἔχων] + ‘Lord + of-. + Cp. + + Alas + Σαλαμῖν’ + ἔχει + πατρῴαν. + + ἀγχιάχου] + ‘Seaward.’ + The + ancient + + town + of + Salamis + was + on + the + side + of + the + + island + towards + the + open + sea, + Strabo, + 9, + + p. + 303. + Cp. + εἰναλία + + 7" + JEevois + : + +

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3 ; . σὲ μὲν εὖ πράσσοντ’ ἐπιχαίρω σὲ δ’ ὅταν πληγὴ Διὸς ἢ ζαμενὴς 2 2 2 λόγος ἐκ Δαναῶν κακόθρους ἐπιβῇ, μέγαν ὄκνον ἔχω καὶ πεφόβημαι 2 2 ’ z. πτηνῆς ὡς ὄμμα πελείας. ὡς καὶ τῆς νῦν φθιμένης νυκτὸς μεγάλοι θόρυβοι κατέχουσ’ ἡμᾶς ἐπὶ δυσκλείᾳ, σὲ τὸν ἱππομανῆ λειμῶν’ ἐπιβάντ’ ὀλέσαι Δαναῶν βοτὰ καὶ λείαν, ἥπερ δορίληπτος ἔτ’ ἦν λοιπή, κτείνοντ’ αἴθωνι σιδήρῳ.

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145. Bord] βωτὰ () L (ω from oꝰ). θόρυβοι C. 142. θόρυβοι] θόρμοι L. αἴθωνι C3. 147. αἴθωνι] αἴθονι (2) L. βοτὰ A.

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136. σὲ μέν] The ‘Attic’ accusa- tive after the intransitive verb (Essay on L. §§ 16. p. 23) here assists the antithesis to σὲ b Grav.. . emBG, 6.7. . 137, 8. ‘But when a stroke from Zeus, or angry clamour from the Danai assails thee with evil-boding words.’ 139, 40. 1 shrink and quiver with fear like the eye of any fluttering dove.’ Bxvos is the fear that paralyses action. The eye, as the part which ex- presses fear, is put for the whole. Cp. the expression of Keble, ‘Tenderer than a dove’s soft eye.’ Cp. also the uses of xelp. πούς, κάρα, Bla, σθένος, ocrbua, in denoling persons. πτηνῆς suggests something that is easily fluttered. Pier- son’s conj..pHvns ὡς upa πελειάς, As the dove fears the sight (?) of the fal- con,’ is unnecessary and tasteless. The image of the falcon would be a bad preparation for that of the small birds, infr. 168. 141. φθιμένη] Cp. Od. 11. 330, πρὶν γάρ κεν καὶ νὺξ φοῖτ’ duBporos. The genitive is in a somewhat loose connection with what follows; either (1) with 6Acai, "that in the night that is just gone thou didst destroy;" or (2) with 9pvBoi, "in respect of the now- past night.’ 142. ‘"A terrible rumour afflicts us.’

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143. ἐπὶ δυσκλείᾳ] ‘ Threatening dishonour.’ eni from meaning purpose, as in ἐπὶ διαφθορῇ (Hdt. 4. 26), ἐπὶ Gavare (HdL. 9 37), comes to express tendency. ἱππομανῆ] ‘Where the steeds run wild.’ or ‘gallop at will. Lit. raving with horses.’ Essay on L. § 55. p. 102. The cattle were temporarily kept in the meadow where the horses of the chief- tains used to be turned out to graze. The word suggests their movements, Fetching mad bounds, bellowing, and neighing loud,’ when freed from harness and the stall. 144. λειμῶν’ ἐπιβάντ’] The accu- sative implies not merely that the mea- dow was entered, but that it was swiftly reached. 145. 6. Aetav, ἥπερ δορίληπτος ἔτ’ ἦν Aourrfy] ‘The cattle that still re- mained of those taken in war;" i.c. ἐκ THs δοριλήπτου Aelas. Cp. supr. 53, 4, σύμμικτά τε | Aelas ddacra βουκόλων φρουρήματα. 147. κτείνοντ’] We pass from the momentary conception of the act (Adoar) to the continuous description of it: hence the present participle. Cp. supr. Il. 55 foll. Here, as elsewhere, the choric part contains a reminiscence of the dialogue.

+

+ 3 + ; + . + + σὲ + μὲν + εὖ + πράσσοντ’ + ἐπιχαίρω + + σὲ + δ’ + ὅταν + πληγὴ + Διὸς + ἢ + ζαμενὴς + + 2 + 2 + 2 + + λόγος + ἐκ + Δαναῶν + κακόθρους + ἐπιβῇ, + + μέγαν + ὄκνον + ἔχω + καὶ + πεφόβημαι + + 2 + 2 + ’ + z. + + πτηνῆς + ὡς + ὄμμα + πελείας. + + ὡς + καὶ + τῆς + νῦν + φθιμένης + νυκτὸς + + μεγάλοι + θόρυβοι + κατέχουσ’ + ἡμᾶς + + ἐπὶ + δυσκλείᾳ, + σὲ + τὸν + ἱππομανῆ + + λειμῶν’ + ἐπιβάντ’ + ὀλέσαι + Δαναῶν + + βοτὰ + καὶ + λείαν, + + ἥπερ + δορίληπτος + ἔτ’ + ἦν + λοιπή, + + κτείνοντ’ + αἴθωνι + σιδήρῳ. + +

+ Critical Apparatus +

+ 145. + Bord] + βωτὰ + () + L + (ω + from + oꝰ). + + θόρυβοι + C. + + 142. + θόρυβοι] + θόρμοι + L. + + αἴθωνι + C3. + + 147. + αἴθωνι] + αἴθονι + (2) + L. + + βοτὰ + A. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 136. + σὲ + μέν] + The + ‘Attic’ + accusa- + + tive + after + the + intransitive + verb + (Essay + on + + L. + §§ + 16. + p. + 23) + here + assists + the + antithesis + + to + σὲ + b + Grav.. + . + emBG, + 6.7. + . + + 137, + 8. + ‘But + when + a + stroke + from + + Zeus, + or + angry + clamour + from + the + Danai + + assails + thee + with + evil-boding + words.’ + + 139, + 40. + 1 + shrink + and + quiver + with + + fear + like + the + eye + of + any + fluttering + + dove.’ + Bxvos + is + the + fear + that + paralyses + + action. + + The + eye, + as + the + part + which + ex- + + presses + fear, + is + put + for + the + whole. + Cp. + + the + expression + of + Keble, + ‘Tenderer + than + + a + dove’s + soft + eye.’ + Cp. + also + the + uses + of + + xelp. + πούς, + κάρα, + Bla, + σθένος, + ocrbua, + in + + denoling + persons. + πτηνῆς + suggests + + something + that + is + easily + fluttered. + Pier- + + son’s + conj..pHvns + ὡς + upa + πελειάς, + As + + the + dove + fears + the + sight + (?) + of + the + fal- + + con,’ + is + unnecessary + and + tasteless. + The + + image + of + the + falcon + would + be + a + bad + + preparation + for + that + of + the + small + birds, + + infr. + 168. + + 141. + φθιμένη] + Cp. + + πρὶν + γάρ + κεν + καὶ + νὺξ + φοῖτ’ + duBporos. + + The + genitive + is + in + a + somewhat + loose + + connection + with + what + follows; + either + + (1) + with + 6Acai, + "that + in + the + night + that + + is + just + gone + thou + didst + destroy;" + or + (2) + + with + 9pvBoi, + "in + respect + of + the + now- + + past + night.’ + + 142. + ‘"A + terrible + rumour + afflicts + us.’ + +

+ Commentary +

+ 143. + ἐπὶ + δυσκλείᾳ] + ‘ + Threatening + + dishonour.’ + eni + from + meaning + purpose, + + as + in + ἐπὶ + διαφθορῇ + (Hdt. + 4. + 26), + ἐπὶ + + Gavare + (HdL. + 9 + 37), + comes + to + express + + tendency. + + ἱππομανῆ] + ‘Where + the + steeds + run + + wild.’ + or + ‘gallop + at + will. + Lit. + raving + + with + horses.’ + Essay + on + L. + § + 55. + p. + 102. + + The + cattle + were + temporarily + kept + in + the + + meadow + where + the + horses + of + the + chief- + + tains + used + to + be + turned + out + to + graze. + + The + word + suggests + their + movements, + + Fetching + mad + bounds, + bellowing, + and + + neighing + loud,’ + when + freed + from + harness + + and + the + stall. + + 144. + λειμῶν’ + ἐπιβάντ’] + The + accu- + + sative + implies + not + merely + that + the + mea- + + dow + was + entered, + but + that + it + was + swiftly + + reached. + + 145. + 6. + Aetav, + ἥπερ + δορίληπτος + ἔτ’ + + ἦν + Aourrfy] + ‘The + cattle + that + still + re- + + mained + of + those + taken + in + war;" + i.c. + ἐκ + + THs + δοριλήπτου + Aelas. + Cp. + supr. + 53, + 4, + + σύμμικτά + τε + | + Aelas + ddacra + βουκόλων + + φρουρήματα. + + 147. + κτείνοντ’] + We + pass + from + the + + momentary + conception + of + the + act + (Adoar) + + to + the + continuous + description + of + it: + hence + + the + present + participle. + Cp. + supr. + Il. + 55 + + foll. + Here, + as + elsewhere, + the + choric + + part + contains + a + reminiscence + of + the + + dialogue. + +

-

τοιούσδε λόγους ψιθύρους πλάσσων εἰς ὦτα φέρει πᾶσιν Ὀδυσσεύς, καὶ σφόδρα πείθει. περὶ γὰρ σοῦ νῦν εὔπειστα λέγει, καὶ πᾶς ὁ κλύων τοῦ λέξαντος χαίρει μᾶλλον τοῖς σοῖς ἄχεσιν καθυβρίζων. τῶν γὰρ μεγάλων ψυχῶν ἱεὶς οὐκ ἂν ἁμάρτοι· κατὰ δ’ dv τις ἐμοῦ τοιαῦτα λέγων οὐκ ἂν πείθοι. πρὸς γὰρ τὸν ἔχονθ’ ὁ φθόνος ἕρπει. καίτοι σμικροὶ μεγάλων χωρὶς σφαλερὸν πύργου ῥῦμα πέλονται· μετὰ γὰρ μεγάλων βαιὸς dpior ἂν καὶ μέγας ὀρθοῖθ’ ὑπὸ μικροτέρων,

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148. λόγους ψιθύρους] λόγουσψιθύρους 1.. λόγους ψιθήρους Τ. 149. πᾶσιν] πάντων L. πᾶσιν A. 151. εὔπειστα] εὔπιστα CIM. πᾶς7] πως L. πασ C. 153. τοῖς σοῖ] τὸ σοισ’ L. τοῖς σοῖς ACT. 155. ἁμάρτοι] ἁμάρτοις L Suidas. duaprn L2. ἁμάρτοι Cett. 161. ὀρθοῖθ’] ὀρθοῖ· L. ὀρθοῖθ’ C:A.. npordpw] σμικροτέρων AT.

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148 foll. These words obviously refer to the report brought by Odysseus after receiving full information from Athena. Cp. supr. 67. But, ifso, some time must be supposed to have elapsed after his exit before the entrance of the chorus. 130. kal σφόδρα πείθει] ‘And wins much credence.’ νῦν is to be joined εὔπειστα. ‘Things of which it is now easy to per- suade men:" now, since Ajax’ defeat in the contest for the arms, which is known to have enraged him. Cp. infr. 929-36 and note. 152, 3. And each who hears re- joices, more than him who spake, to insult over thy woes.’ The participle is added to complete the sense of xat- ρων. ἄχεσιν is dative of the cause or occasion. Cp. infr. 955. 155. Gubpro] For the omission of ris, which is supplied in the next sen- tence, see Essay on L. § 39. p. 72, 3. This is the harder and more dignified reading. 157. épwei implies a stealthy advance, differing from oreixe., which would signify open menace. Cp. Pind. Nem.

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8. 36. ἅπτεται δ’ ἐσλῶν dei. χειρόνεσσι δ’ οὐκ piec: Pyth. 11. 45, 6. ἴσχει γὰρ ὄλβος οὐ μείονα pvor | 6 δὲ χαμήλα πνέων ἄψαντον θρέμει. 158, 9. Some have here supposed a metaphor from building, large and small stones together making the strongest wall. This is fanciful, and not con- tained in the words; but in any case πύργου ῥῦμα is a ‘tower of defence’ (Essay on L. § 10. p. 17, 6), and not ‘means of defending a tower,’ because ῥύεσθαι can hardly mean to man,’ although in Aesch. S. c. T. 823, it is used of the Divine protection of Thebes. For the whole phrase, cp. Od. 11. 556 (said with reference to Ajax): roios γάρ σφιν πύργος ἀπώλεο; Alc. fr. 23, ἄνδρες ποόληος πύργος dpeliion: Aesch. Pers. 347. 160, 1. ἄριστ’ ἂν . ὀρθοῖθ1 ‘ Wll best be made secure.’ Cp. Thuc. 6. 18, § 4. ὁμοῦ δὲ 76 τε φαῦλον καὶ TO μέσον Καὶ τὸ πάνυ ἀκριβὲς ἂν ξυγκραθὲν μάλιστ’ ἂν ἰσχύειν. Baibs] Lit. ‘few,’ hence feeble. 161. ὑπό marks that the lesser are to serve the greater: uerd, that the great require the cooperation of the less.

+

+ τοιούσδε + λόγους + ψιθύρους + πλάσσων + + εἰς + ὦτα + φέρει + πᾶσιν + Ὀδυσσεύς, + + καὶ + σφόδρα + πείθει. + περὶ + γὰρ + σοῦ + νῦν + + εὔπειστα + λέγει, + καὶ + πᾶς + ὁ + κλύων + + τοῦ + λέξαντος + χαίρει + μᾶλλον + + τοῖς + σοῖς + ἄχεσιν + καθυβρίζων. + + τῶν + γὰρ + μεγάλων + ψυχῶν + ἱεὶς + + οὐκ + ἂν + ἁμάρτοι· + κατὰ + δ’ + dv + τις + ἐμοῦ + + τοιαῦτα + λέγων + οὐκ + ἂν + πείθοι. + + πρὸς + γὰρ + τὸν + ἔχονθ’ + ὁ + φθόνος + ἕρπει. + + καίτοι + σμικροὶ + μεγάλων + χωρὶς + + σφαλερὸν + πύργου + ῥῦμα + πέλονται· + + μετὰ + γὰρ + μεγάλων + βαιὸς + dpior + ἂν + + καὶ + μέγας + ὀρθοῖθ’ + ὑπὸ + μικροτέρων, + +

+ Critical Apparatus +

+ 148. + λόγους + ψιθύρους] + λόγουσψιθύρους + 1.. + λόγους + ψιθήρους + Τ. + + 149. + πᾶσιν] + + πάντων + L. + πᾶσιν + A. + + 151. + εὔπειστα] + εὔπιστα + CIM. + + πᾶς7] + πως + L. + πασ + C. + + 153. + τοῖς + σοῖ] + τὸ + σοισ’ + L. + + τοῖς + σοῖς + ACT. + + 155. + ἁμάρτοι] + ἁμάρτοις + L + Suidas. + + duaprn + L2. + ἁμάρτοι + Cett. + + 161. + ὀρθοῖθ’] + ὀρθοῖ· + L. + + ὀρθοῖθ’ + C:A.. + npordpw] + + σμικροτέρων + AT. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 148 + foll. + These + words + obviously + refer + + to + the + report + brought + by + Odysseus + after + + receiving + full + information + from + Athena. + + Cp. + supr. + 67. + But, + ifso, + some + time + must + + be + supposed + to + have + elapsed + after + his + + exit + before + the + entrance + of + the + chorus. + + 130. + kal + σφόδρα + πείθει] + ‘And + wins + + much + credence.’ + + νῦν + is + to + be + joined + εὔπειστα. + + ‘Things + of + which + it + is + now + easy + to + per- + + suade + men:" + now, + since + Ajax’ + defeat + + in + the + contest + for + the + arms, + which + is + + known + to + have + enraged + him. + Cp. + infr. + + 929-36 + and + note. + + 152, + 3. + And + each + who + hears + re- + + joices, + more + than + him + who + spake, + to + + insult + over + thy + woes.’ + The + participle + + is + added + to + complete + the + sense + of + xat- + + ρων. + ἄχεσιν + is + dative + of + the + cause + or + + occasion. + Cp. + infr. + 955. + + 155. + Gubpro] + For + the + omission + of + + ris, + which + is + supplied + in + the + next + sen- + + tence, + see + Essay + on + L. + § + 39. + p. + 72, + 3. + + This + is + the + harder + and + more + dignified + + reading. + + 157. + épwei + implies + a + stealthy + advance, + + differing + from + oreixe., + which + would + + signify + open + menace. + Cp. + +

+ Commentary +

+ ἅπτεται + δ’ + ἐσλῶν + dei. + χειρόνεσσι + + δ’ + οὐκ + piec: + ἴσχει + γὰρ + + ὄλβος + οὐ + μείονα + pvor + | + 6 + δὲ + χαμήλα + + πνέων + ἄψαντον + θρέμει. + + 158, + 9. + Some + have + here + supposed + a + + metaphor + from + building, + large + and + small + + stones + together + making + the + strongest + + wall. + This + is + fanciful, + and + not + con- + + tained + in + the + words; + but + in + any + case + + πύργου + ῥῦμα + is + a + ‘tower + of + defence’ + + (Essay + on + L. + § + 10. + p. + 17, + 6), + and + not + + ‘means + of + defending + a + tower,’ + because + + ῥύεσθαι + can + hardly + mean + to + man,’ + + although + in + it + is + + used + of + the + Divine + protection + of + Thebes. + + For + the + whole + phrase, + cp. + + (said + with + reference + to + Ajax): + roios + γάρ + + σφιν + πύργος + ἀπώλεο; + Alc. + fr. + 23, + ἄνδρες + + ποόληος + πύργος + dpeliion: + + 160, + 1. + ἄριστ’ + ἂν + . + ὀρθοῖθ1 + ‘ + Wll + + best + be + made + secure.’ + Cp. + Thuc. + 6. + 18, + + § + 4. + ὁμοῦ + δὲ + 76 + τε + φαῦλον + καὶ + TO + μέσον + + Καὶ + τὸ + πάνυ + ἀκριβὲς + ἂν + ξυγκραθὲν + μάλιστ’ + + ἂν + ἰσχύειν. + + Baibs] + Lit. + ‘few,’ + hence + feeble. + + 161. + ὑπό + marks + that + the + lesser + are + to + + serve + the + greater: + uerd, + that + the + great + + require + the + cooperation + of + the + less. + +

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162, 3. But foolish men cannot be instructed in these truths.’ τούτων yvuas = right judgments about these things.’ 164. τοιούτων, 5C. οὕτως ἀνοήτων. So foolish are they that clamour against thee,’ that there is no hope of bringing them to a better mind. 165. πρὸς ταῦτ’ ἀπαλέξασθαι] Sc. ταῦτα. ‘This being so, we have no strength to avert this.’ 167. ‘But then the truth is that when they have escaped from thine eye.’ γάρ covers the whole sentence, and the em- phasis is on the latter part, viz. μέγαν, k.T.A. The Chorus mean to say: Though we are weak, yet Ajax is strong, and the clamour will subside when he appears. 169. The correction of Dawes, which restores the metre by the insertion of de, is probably right. For the meaning, cp. Ale. fr. 27. ἔπταζον ὥστ’ Bpuibes ὦκυν | αἴετον ἐξαπίνας pavevra, which also helps to support the punctuation in J. 170. 170. τάχ’ dv] Soon would they. 171. σιγῇ ἄφωνοι] Essay on L. § 40. p. 75. ‘Their noise would be hushed, and they would cower without a word.’ 172-200. Beginning from a dactylic movement, the ode (expressing the combination of deep sadness with eager

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kope) continues with trochaic, iambic, and dactylic rhythms, as follows :— orp. L TAT ſ -—2— — — — ’ — — —— 2 2 5 — — — — —— —A — — 2—— — 2— io Lu-u= ar. Lou-ououd u Lu — 24 „—— —— 2— EEAIVSEEAST 5 — 2——2—2 — — —— ESTIE The slow movement with frequent long syllables increases towards the close. 172. f pa.. "Apreus) ‘Canitbe, as I suspect (a), that Artemis ?’ Ταυροπόλα Mds Aprequs] ‘Bull- riding Artemis, daughter. of Zeus,’ con- veys the image of the goddess riding

+

+ ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

+

+ ἀλλ’ + οὐ + δυνατὸν + τοὺς + ἀνοήτους + +

+

+ ; + +

+

+ τούτων + γνώμας + προδιδάσκειν. + +

+

+ G + z + z + +

+

+ ὑπὸ + τοιούτων + ἀνδρῶν + θορυβεῖ, + +

+

+ χἠμεῖς + οὐδὲν + σθένομεν + πρὸς + TAT + 165 + +

+

+ - + aA + +

+

+ ἀπαλέξασθαι + σοῦ + χωρίς, + dvat. + +

+

+ ἀλλ’ + ὅτε + γὰρ + δὴ + τὸ + σὸν + ὄμμ’ + ἀπέδραν, + +

+

+ 2 + 2 + +

+

+ παταγοῦσιν + ἅτε + πτηνῶν + ἀγέλαι + +

+

+ 2 + 2 + z + . + +

+

+ μέγαν + αἰγυπιὸν + * + ὑποδείσαντες + +

+

+ τάχ’ + ἄν, + ἐξαίφνης + εἰ + σὺ + φανείης, + +

+

+ 170 + +

+

+ σιγῇ + πτήξειαν + ἄφωνοι. + +

+

+ στρ. + +

+

+ 5 + ῥά + σε + Ταυροπόλα + Διὸς + Ἄρτεμις,- + +

+

+ 165. + σθένομεν] + στένομεν + L. + +

+

+ σθένομεν + C. + +

+

+ 168. + ἅτε] + ἅπερ + LV. + ἅτε + +

+

+ CALMM + Vat. + ac. + +

+

+ 169. + αἰγυπιὸν + *5) + αἴγυπιὸν + MSS. + +

+

+ αἰγυπιὸν + δ’ + Dawes + +

+

+ corr. + +

+

+ ὑποδείσαντες] + tmo(Nbelcavres + L. + ὑποδείσαντες + A + Vat. + ac + M2. + +

+

+ ὑποδείσαντες· + +

+

+ (sic) + Pal. + ὑποδδείσαντες + TVM. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 162, + 3. + But + foolish + men + cannot + be + + instructed + in + these + truths.’ + τούτων + + yvuas + = + right + judgments + about + these + + things.’ + + 164. + τοιούτων, + 5C. + οὕτως + ἀνοήτων. + + So + foolish + are + they + that + clamour + against + + thee,’ + that + there + is + no + hope + of + bringing + + them + to + a + better + mind. + + 165. + πρὸς + ταῦτ’ + ἀπαλέξασθαι] + Sc. + + ταῦτα. + ‘This + being + so, + we + have + no + + strength + to + avert + this.’ + + 167. + ‘But + then + the + truth + is + that + when + + they + have + escaped + from + thine + eye.’ + γάρ + + covers + the + whole + sentence, + and + the + em- + + phasis + is + on + the + latter + part, + viz. + μέγαν, + + k.T.A. + The + Chorus + mean + to + say: + + Though + we + are + weak, + yet + Ajax + is + + strong, + and + the + clamour + will + subside + + when + he + appears. + + 169. + The + correction + of + Dawes, + which + + restores + the + metre + by + the + insertion + of + + de, + is + probably + right. + For + the + meaning, + + cp. + Ale. + fr. + 27. + ἔπταζον + ὥστ’ + Bpuibes + + ὦκυν + | + αἴετον + ἐξαπίνας + pavevra, + which + + also + helps + to + support + the + punctuation + + in + J. + 170. + + 170. + τάχ’ + dv] + Soon + would + they. + + 171. + σιγῇ + ἄφωνοι] + Essay + on + L. + + § + 40. + p. + 75. + ‘Their + noise + would + be + + hushed, + and + they + would + cower + without + + a + word.’ + + 172-200. + Beginning + from + a + dactylic + + movement, + the + ode + (expressing + the + + combination + of + deep + sadness + with + eager + +

+ Commentary +

+ kope) + continues + with + trochaic, + iambic, + + and + dactylic + rhythms, + as + follows + :— + + orp. + L + TAT + + ſ + + -—2— + + — + + — + — + + ’ + + — + — + —— + + 2 + 2 + + 5 + — + — + — + + — + —— + —A + + — + — + 2—— + + — + 2— + + io + Lu-u= + + ar. + Lou-ououd + u + Lu + + — + 24 + „—— + + —— + 2— + + EEAIVSEEAST + + 5 + — + 2——2—2 + + — + — + + —— + + ESTIE + + The + slow + movement + with + frequent + long + + syllables + increases + towards + the + close. + + 172. + f + pa.. + "Apreus) + ‘Canitbe, + as + + I + suspect + (a), + that + Artemis + ?’ + + Ταυροπόλα + Mds + Aprequs] + ‘Bull- + + riding + Artemis, + daughter. + of + Zeus,’ + con- + + veys + the + image + of + the + goddess + riding + +

-

on a bull, as she sometimes appears on coins. In this character (probably derived from the East) Artemis was worshipped in different places with orgiastic rites. Euripides, I. T. 1449 foll., associates this name of Artemis with the supposed derivation of her worship under this attribute from the Tauric Chersonese. She is here alluded to (1) as the subduer of cattle, (2) as the inspirer of frenzy. 173. ὦ μεγάλα φάτι5] ‘Terrible thought !’" The simple word μεγάλα has here the special connotation of "tre- mendous' or ‘overwhelming; just as the general word κακούς, supr. 133, is opposed to the special word σώφρονας. The Chorus cannot speak of Ajax’ sup- posed error without interposing this expression of horror. 175. πανδάμου5] Cp. supr. II. 53, 4. and note. dyehalas] (1) Grazing oxen are so called in contradistinction to the labour- ing ox that is fed at a stall Or, possi bly, (2) the word simply denotes the whole herd of oxen belonging to the host,— the πάνδημος ἀγέλη. 176. 4 mou] ‘Surely, it must have been.’ Cp. Trach. 846, 7, where f που is reiterated. rivos vikas ἀκάρπωτον χάριν] Be- cause of a gift of victory ihat brought her noreturm.’ χάριν = did χάριν. This unusual construction is softened by a reminiscence of the more ordinary (ad- verbial) use of χάριν = ‘because of.’ For this confusion, see Essay on L. § 36.

-

p. 67; and cp. Eur. I. T. 566, κακῆς γυναικὸς xdpw dxapw andero. 177. ἤ pa.. εἴτε] ‘Either, as I sus- pect,.. or whether it were2? Cp. Eur. Alc. 114, 5, ἢ Avlas | εἴτ’ ἐπὶ 7d5 Auua- vibas ἕδρα2. 177, 8. ‘Disappointed of glorious spoils, or (provoked) because the fall of the stag was followed by no gift.’ The MS. reading yevoeica dbpois, ‘de- ceived in the matter of gifts,’ is hardly Greek. For the dative, a5bp0ris .. ἐλαφηβολίαις, see Essay on L. § I4. p. 21, and for the order of the words, ibid. § 41. p. 77. 179. 4A] By reading 7 τιν’ for ἤ riv a possible construction is obtained, although the text remains doubtful. ‘Or can it be that Enyalius of the brazen corslet, etc. The conjj. ἥντιν’, δή τιν’, εἴ τιν’, are not satisfactory: σοί τιν’ (Reiske) is better (sc. μομφὰν ἔχων). The repetition of the n sound in this passage (Il. 176-9, ἦ aov, ἤ fa, f. H) may have had some poetical or musical effect of which we cannot judge. 180. μομφὰν . . opbs) ‘Having fault to find with thee on account of his spear associated with thine,’ i.e. by reason of some help which he had given thee in battle. Perhaps there is a reminiscence, although the sense is different, of the Epic ξυνὸς Ἐνυάλιος, which Eur. has otherwise applied in Phoen. 1572, κοινὸν ἐνυάλιον . paprauvovs. ἐννυχίοις paxavais] ‘By contriving against thee in the night.’ 181. ἐτίσατο λώβαν] Either (1)

+

+ AIAZ, + 25 + +

+

+ -3a + μεγάλα + φάτις, + ὦ + +

+

+ μᾶτερ + αἰσχύνας + uds,— + +

+

+ ὥρμασε + πανδάμους + ἐπὶ + βοῦς + ἀγελαίας; + +

+

+ 175 + +

+

+ 5 + ἦ + πού + τινος + νίκας + ἀκάρπωτον + χάριν, + +

+

+ ἤ + ῥα + κλυτῶν + ἐνάρων + +

+

+ ψευσθεῖσ’, + ἀδώροις + εἴτ’ + ἐλαφαβολίαις. + +

+

+ ἢ + χαλκοθώραξ + 12 + +

+

+ τιν’ + Ἐνυάλιος + +

+

+ "2 + +

+

+ μομφὰν + ἔχων + ξυνοῦ + +

+

+ δορὸς + ἐννυχίοις + +

+

+ 180 + +

+

+ 10 + μαχαναῖς + ἐτίσατο + λώβαν; + +

+

+ 2 + 2 + ’ + ’z + +

+

+ 178. + ψευσθεῖσ’, + *addpois] + ψευσθεῖσα + δώροις + MSS. + +

+

+ Musgr. + corr. + εἴτ’ + ἐλαφα- + +

+

+ βολίαις] + εἴτ’ + ihapaBohelais + L. + εἴτ’ + ἐλαφαβολίαις + C. + εἴτ’ + ἐλαφηβολίαις + A. + +

+

+ 179. + +

+

+ φεῆ + τιν’] + ἤ + την’ + L. + ἢ + VVA. + +

+

+ 5 + τιν’ + Cett. + +

+

+ 180. + δορός] + ὅ + . + . + . + L. + δουρὸς + +

+

+ ἐννυχίαις + μαχαναῖς + C. + +

+

+ δορὸς + ἐννυχίοις + μαχαναῖς + A. + +

+ Commentary +

+ on + a + bull, + as + she + sometimes + appears + on + + coins. + In + this + character + (probably + + derived + from + the + East) + Artemis + was + + worshipped + in + different + places + with + + orgiastic + rites. + + associates + this + name + of + Artemis + + with + the + supposed + derivation + of + her + + worship + under + this + attribute + from + the + + Tauric + Chersonese. + She + is + here + alluded + + to + (1) + as + the + subduer + of + cattle, + (2) + as + + the + inspirer + of + frenzy. + + 173. + ὦ + μεγάλα + φάτι5] + ‘Terrible + + thought + !’" + The + simple + word + μεγάλα + has + + here + the + special + connotation + of + "tre- + + mendous' + or + ‘overwhelming; + just + as + + the + general + word + κακούς, + supr. + 133, + is + + opposed + to + the + special + word + σώφρονας. + + The + Chorus + cannot + speak + of + Ajax’ + sup- + + posed + error + without + interposing + this + + expression + of + horror. + + 175. + πανδάμου5] + Cp. + supr. + II. + 53, + 4. + + and + note. + + dyehalas] + (1) + Grazing + oxen + are + so + + called + in + contradistinction + to + the + labour- + + ing + ox + that + is + fed + at + a + stall + Or, + possi + bly, + + (2) + the + word + simply + denotes + the + whole + + herd + of + oxen + belonging + to + the + host,— + + the + πάνδημος + ἀγέλη. + + 176. + 4 + mou] + ‘Surely, + it + must + have + + been.’ + Cp. + where + f + που + + is + reiterated. + + rivos + vikas + ἀκάρπωτον + χάριν] + Be- + + cause + of + a + gift + of + victory + ihat + brought + + her + noreturm.’ + χάριν + = + did + χάριν. + This + + unusual + construction + is + softened + by + a + + reminiscence + of + the + more + ordinary + (ad- + + verbial) + use + of + χάριν + = + ‘because + of.’ + For + + this + confusion, + see + Essay + on + L. + § + 36. + +

+ Commentary +

+ p. + 67; + and + cp. + Eur. + I. + T. + 566, + κακῆς + + γυναικὸς + xdpw + dxapw + andero. + + 177. + ἤ + pa.. + εἴτε] + ‘Either, + as + I + sus- + + pect,.. + or + whether + it + were2? + Cp. + + ἢ + Avlas + | + εἴτ’ + ἐπὶ + 7d5 + Auua- + + vibas + ἕδρα2. + + 177, + 8. + ‘Disappointed + of + glorious + + spoils, + or + (provoked) + because + the + fall + + of + the + stag + was + followed + by + no + gift.’ + + The + MS. + reading + yevoeica + dbpois, + ‘de- + + ceived + in + the + matter + of + gifts,’ + is + hardly + + Greek. + For + the + dative, + a5bp0ris + .. + + ἐλαφηβολίαις, + see + Essay + on + L. + § + I4. + + p. + 21, + and + for + the + order + of + the + words, + + ibid. + § + 41. + p. + 77. + + 179. + 4A] + By + reading + 7 + τιν’ + for + ἤ + + riv + a + possible + construction + is + obtained, + + although + the + text + remains + doubtful. + + ‘Or + can + it + be + that + Enyalius + of + the + + brazen + corslet, + etc. + The + conjj. + ἥντιν’, + + δή + τιν’, + εἴ + τιν’, + are + not + satisfactory: + σοί + + τιν’ + (Reiske) + is + better + (sc. + μομφὰν + ἔχων). + + The + repetition + of + the + n + sound + in + this + + passage + (Il. + 176-9, + ἦ + aov, + ἤ + fa, + f. + H) + + may + have + had + some + poetical + or + musical + + effect + of + which + we + cannot + judge. + + 180. + μομφὰν + . + . + opbs) + ‘Having + fault + + to + find + with + thee + on + account + of + his + spear + + associated + with + thine,’ + i.e. + by + reason + + of + some + help + which + he + had + given + thee + in + + battle. + Perhaps + there + is + a + reminiscence, + + although + the + sense + is + different, + of + the + + Epic + ξυνὸς + Ἐνυάλιος, + which + Eur. + has + + otherwise + applied + in + κοινὸν + + ἐνυάλιον + . + paprauvovs. + + ἐννυχίοις + paxavais] + ‘By + contriving + + against + thee + in + the + night.’ + + 181. + ἐτίσατο + λώβαν] + Either + (1) + +

-

‘Punished the wrong done to him,’- τίσασθαι λώβην in Il. 19. 208, Od. 20. 169, Hes. Theog. 165, is "to revenge oneself for an outrage: — or (2) ‘bid thee vengeful despite,’ λώβαν cogn. acc. Cp. infr. 217, νύκτερος ἀπελωβήθη; 304, ὕβριν ἐκτίσαιτ’ 11. 13. 622, 3. 183. φρενόθεν] Of thine own heart ;’ i.e. the cause must have been from without, not from within. Ajax could not be himself (φρενήρης) and do this thing. The gods must have destroyed his senses (ppvas ἄλεσαν). 183-5. ἐπ’ ἀριστερά .. Pas τόσσον] ‘Canst thou have gone so far wrong?’" Cp. the metaph. uses of σκαιός, and Plat. Soph. 264 E, where πορεύεσθαι κατὰ τοὐπὶ δεξιὰ ἀεὶ μέρος is ‘to make the right selection in each case.’ 185. ἐν ποίμναις πίτνων] ‘As to as- sault the flocks’ The Participle is slightly proleptic (as with πειρᾶσθαι). Cp. Ant. 752, ἢ κἀπαπειλῶν OF ἐπεξέρχει θρασύς. 186. ἧκοι γὰρ ἂν θεία νόσος] ‘An affliction from the gods, indeed, may have come.’ For this use ofdv with the optative, cp. Aesch. Pers. 706, ἀνθρώπεια δ’ ἄν τοι πήματ’ ἂν τύχοι βροτοῖς Ag. 1507, πατρόθεν δὲ συλλήπτώρ γένοιτ’ B ἀλάστωρ. These words develop the suggestion conveyed in φρενόθεν ve, to which they are attached with ~dp. Ajax cannot have done this; at least not of his own impulse. It may be, indeed, that a divine visitation is upon him. This possibility is a further reason for a the notion that Ajax is really uilty. ἀλλά] (I) ‘It may have come, but

-

Zeus grant that the report may be untrue !’ Zeus and Phoebus, as the deities of divination, are implored to grant that the truth may be less terrible than it is according to the report set in motion by the Argives. Or (2) It may have come, but even then let not the evil be increased with false ramours spread by Argives.’ 188, 9. And if suborning tales of their own making, the mighty kings win currency for them by false means.’ 190. rãs ἀσώτου Σισ. yeves) The force of the article is continued. Essay on L. § 21. p. 33 b. The standing reproach against Odysseus, that he was the son of Sisyphus, although not ac- knowledgedas trueby Sophocles (seel. 1), is represented as being used against him by his enemies. Cp. especially, Phil. 417, οὑμπολητὸς Σισύφου Aaeprim : FI. 143, ὡς ὁ Σίσυφος πολὺς | ἔνδηλο ἐν σοί. For Σισυφιδᾶν γενεᾶς, where only one generation is in question, cp. Ant. 981, 2, σπέρμα. Ἐρεχθειδᾶν, of Cleopatra the granddaughter of Erechtheus. 191. μὴ μῇ μ’, ἄναξ] For the ‘ Attic’ accusative in general construction with what follows, as after verbs of doing good or evil, see E. on L. § 16. p. 23. Do not to my hurt incur reproach.’ ἐφάλοις κλισίαις ὄμμ’ ἔχων] (1) Keeping thine eye hidden within the hut by the sea.’ The Epic word κλισίαις is used in the Lyric measures. We had σκηναῖς in the dialogue, supr. 1 3. The dative is one of place, asif with ἐν. For ὄμμα, cp. supr. 167. ἔχων =kartxwr, withholding from sight.’ Or (2) Keep- ing thine eye fixed upon the tents.’

+

+ 26 + ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

+

+ arr. + οὔ + ποτε + γὰρ + φρενόθεν + γ’ + ἐπ’ + ἀριστερά, + 183 + +

+

+ παῖ + Τελαμῶνος, + ἔβας + +

+

+ τόσσον + ἐν + ποίμναις + πίτνων· + 185 + +

+

+ ἥκοι + γὰρ + ἂν + θεία + νόσος· + ἀλλ’ + ἀπερύκοι + +

+

+ 5 + kal + Zeds + κακὰν + καὶ + Φοῖβος + Ἀργείων + φάτιν. + +

+

+ εἰ + δ’ + ὑποβαλλόμενοι + +

+

+ κλέπτουσι + μύθους + οἱ + μεγάλοι + βασιλῆς, + +

+

+ ἢ + τᾶς + ἀσώτου + Σισυφιδᾶν + γενεᾶς, + 190 + +

+

+ μὴ + μή + μβ, + dva, + ἔθ’ + ὧδ’ + ἐφάλοις + κλισίαις + +

+

+ 185. + ποίμναις] + ποίμναισι + LA. + +

+

+ πίτνων] + πίτνῶν + C. + πιτνῶν + A. + +

+

+ 189. + βασιλῆς] + +

+

+ βασιλεῖς + ATC. + +

+ Commentary +

+ ‘Punished + the + wrong + done + to + him,’- + + τίσασθαι + λώβην + in + + Il. + 19. + 208, + + + + 169, + + is + "to + revenge + + oneself + for + an + outrage: + — + or + (2) + ‘bid + + thee + vengeful + despite,’ + λώβαν + cogn. + acc. + + Cp. + infr. + 217, + νύκτερος + ἀπελωβήθη; + 304, + + ὕβριν + ἐκτίσαιτ’ + + 183. + φρενόθεν] + Of + thine + own + heart + ;’ + + i.e. + the + cause + must + have + been + from + + without, + not + from + within. + Ajax + could + + not + be + himself + (φρενήρης) + and + do + this + + thing. + The + gods + must + have + destroyed + + his + senses + (ppvas + ἄλεσαν). + + 183-5. + ἐπ’ + ἀριστερά + .. + Pas + τόσσον] + + ‘Canst + thou + have + gone + so + far + wrong?’" + + Cp. + the + metaph. + uses + of + σκαιός, + and + + where + πορεύεσθαι + κατὰ + + τοὐπὶ + δεξιὰ + ἀεὶ + μέρος + is + ‘to + make + the + + right + selection + in + each + case.’ + + 185. + ἐν + ποίμναις + πίτνων] + ‘As + to + as- + + sault + the + flocks’ + The + Participle + is + + slightly + proleptic + (as + with + πειρᾶσθαι). + + Cp. + ἢ + κἀπαπειλῶν + OF + ἐπεξέρχει + + θρασύς. + + 186. + ἧκοι + γὰρ + ἂν + θεία + νόσος] + ‘An + + affliction + from + the + gods, + indeed, + may + + have + come.’ + For + this + use + ofdv + with + the + + optative, + cp. + ἀνθρώπεια + + δ’ + ἄν + τοι + πήματ’ + ἂν + τύχοι + βροτοῖς + + πατρόθεν + δὲ + συλλήπτώρ + γένοιτ’ + B + + ἀλάστωρ. + These + words + develop + the + + suggestion + conveyed + in + φρενόθεν + ve, + to + + which + they + are + attached + with + ~dp. + + Ajax + cannot + have + done + this; + at + least + not + + of + his + own + impulse. + It + may + be, + indeed, + + that + a + divine + visitation + is + upon + him. + + This + possibility + is + a + further + reason + for + + a + the + notion + that + Ajax + is + really + + uilty. + + ἀλλά] + (I) + ‘It + may + have + come, + but + +

+ Commentary +

+ Zeus + grant + that + the + report + may + be + + untrue + !’ + Zeus + and + Phoebus, + as + the + + deities + of + divination, + are + implored + to + + grant + that + the + truth + may + be + less + terrible + + than + it + is + according + to + the + report + set + in + + motion + by + the + Argives. + Or + (2) + It + may + + have + come, + but + even + then + let + not + the + + evil + be + increased + with + false + ramours + + spread + by + Argives.’ + + 188, + 9. + And + if + suborning + tales + of + + their + own + making, + the + mighty + kings + + win + currency + for + them + by + false + means.’ + + 190. + rãs + ἀσώτου + Σισ. + yeves) + + The + force + of + the + article + is + continued. + + Essay + on + L. + § + 21. + p. + 33 + b. + The + standing + + reproach + against + Odysseus, + that + he + was + + the + son + of + Sisyphus, + although + not + ac- + + knowledgedas + trueby + Sophocles + (seel. + 1), + + is + represented + as + being + used + against + him + + by + his + enemies. + Cp. + especially, + + οὑμπολητὸς + Σισύφου + Aaeprim + : + FI. + + 143, + ὡς + ὁ + Σίσυφος + πολὺς + | + ἔνδηλο + ἐν + σοί. + + For + Σισυφιδᾶν + γενεᾶς, + where + only + one + + generation + is + in + question, + cp. + + 2, + σπέρμα. + Ἐρεχθειδᾶν, + of + Cleopatra + + the + granddaughter + of + Erechtheus. + + 191. + μὴ + μῇ + μ’, + ἄναξ] + For + the + ‘ + Attic’ + + accusative + in + general + construction + with + + what + follows, + as + after + verbs + of + doing + + good + or + evil, + see + E. + on + L. + § + 16. + p. + 23. + + Do + not + to + my + hurt + incur + reproach.’ + + ἐφάλοις + κλισίαις + ὄμμ’ + ἔχων] + (1) + + Keeping + thine + eye + hidden + within + the + + hut + by + the + sea.’ + The + Epic + word + κλισίαις + + is + used + in + the + Lyric + measures. + We + had + + σκηναῖς + in + the + dialogue, + supr. + 1 + 3. + The + + dative + is + one + of + place, + asif + with + ἐν. + For + + ὄμμα, + cp. + supr. + 167. + ἔχων + =kartxwr, + + withholding + from + sight.’ + Or + (2) + Keep- + + ing + thine + eye + fixed + upon + the + tents.’ + +

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194. ἀλλ’ ἄνα ἐξ ἑδράνων] But up from where thou sittest still.’ The hiatus is excused by Hermann on the ground that dva is an interjectional ab- breviation. ὅπου . . σχολᾷ] (I) ‘Wheresoever thou art thus fixed in a dangerous lethargy of quarrelsome repose.’ The Chorus are uncertain of Ajax" where- abouts, as Odysseus was, supr. 33. μακραίωνι implies that some time had passed since the judgment of the arms and Ajax’ sullen withdrawal from the fight: cp. infr. 929 foll ἀγωνίῳ is a difficult word. The inactivity of Ajax was his manner of contending with the chiefs: ifthe rumour was true, it was an inactivity in which he had been fatally active ; and however his leisure was em- ployed, it was becoming full of danger to him. The force of dyd, in the sense of a dangerous contest, is therefore suited to the place, and the expression is an oxymoron, ‘ a perilous quarrelsome rest’ (for which, cp. Shak. Ant. and Cleo. 1. 3. Tis sweating labour To bear such idleness so near the heart.’l (2) Others suppose the words merely to mean rest from combat,’ i.e. from the general combat with the Trojans. 196. drav οὐρανίαν PAbywv] ‘Letting mischief blaze up to the sky.’ Cp. Eur. Phoen. 240, 1, atua δάϊον φλέγει; The image of a fire is continued in the fol- lowing lines. 197-200. The arrangement of these lines is difficult. The elision of the last syllable of ὁρμᾶται and the hiatus after ἀτάρβητα and βαρυάλγητα are doubtful points. It can hardly be questioned that the a of εὐανέμοις (for εὐήνέμοις) is long. καχαζόντων is rightly restored for kay-

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χαζόντων. Brambach, (Sophokl. Ge- sange) suggesting εὐᾶνέμοις, gives the following scheme— ple S.=- (cleci [ccleilte ἐχθρῶν δ’ ὕβρις ὧδ’ ἀτάρβητα ὀρμᾶτ’ ἐν εὐανέμοις βάσσαι πάντων καγχαζόντων γλώσσ- ais βαρυάλγητ’, ἐμοὶ δ’ dxos ἕστακεν. But the difficulties are not (ius removed. Perhaps we may venture— ἐχθρῶν δ’ ὕβρις ὧδ’ ἀταρβὴς εὐανέμοις βάσσαισιν ὁρμᾶται πάντων καχαζόντων γλώσσαις βαρυαλγήτως. ἐμοὶ δ’ ἄχος ἕστακεν. Glycon. c2L-- Epitrit. - L - - — — Epitrit. - — Glycon. -— - — Glycon. - —. 197. ὧδ’] Thus. — qs insupr. 141-53. 158. ebavépus] ‘With favouring breezes.’ As applied to a harbour, εὐήνεμος is ‘sheltered from rough winds;’ but the image here is rather that of a forest glade, where, when a little fire is kindled, the wind that is not strong enough to extinguish it only fans it to strength. Cp. II. 20. 490, 1, ὡς δ’ ἀναμαι- μάει βαθέ ἄγκεα θεσπιδαὲς ap obpeos λζαλέοιο, βαθεῖα δὲ καίεται ὕλη.

+

+ ΑΙΑΣ. + 27 + +

+

+ 10 + ὄμμ’ + ἔχων + κακὰν + φάτιν + dpp. + +

+

+ » + +

+

+ 193 + +

+

+ ἐπ. + ἀλλ’ + ἄνα + ἐ + +

+

+ ἐδ + z + 4. + ,r + +

+

+ eopaver, + ὅπου + μακραίωνι + +

+

+ στηρίζει + ποτὲ + τᾷδ’ + ἀγωνίῳ + σχολᾷ + +

+

+ , + A + an + 2 + +

+

+ 195 + +

+

+ drav + οὐρανίαν + φλέγων. + +

+

+ Β. + +

+

+ Τεἐχθρῶν + δ’ + ὕβρις + ὧδ’ + ἀτάρβητα + +

+

+ 5 + ὁρμᾶτ’ + εὐανέμοις + Bdooais, + +

+

+ 3 + a + 2 + z + z + +

+

+ πάντων + καγχαζόντων + +

+

+ 199 + +

+

+ 197 + ὧδ’ + ἀτάρβητα] + & + ἀταρβῆτα + L + Vat. + ac + VVs. + +

+

+ ὧδ’ + ἀτάρβῆτα + MC. + 198. + +

+

+ ὁρμᾶτ’ + edavéuois) + ὁρμᾶτ’ + ebavéuois + LM + Vat. + ac. + +

+

+ ὁρμᾶτ’ + ἐν + δ’ + ἀνέμοις + A + Pal. + +

+

+ 199. + καγχαζοόντῶν] + βακχαζόντων + LT. + βαγχαζόντων + Co. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 194. + ἀλλ’ + ἄνα + ἐξ + ἑδράνων] + But + up + + from + where + thou + sittest + still.’ + The + + hiatus + is + excused + by + Hermann + on + the + + ground + that + dva + is + an + interjectional + ab- + + breviation. + + ὅπου + . + . + σχολᾷ] + (I) + ‘Wheresoever + + thou + art + thus + fixed + in + a + dangerous + + lethargy + of + quarrelsome + repose.’ + The + + Chorus + are + uncertain + of + Ajax" + where- + + abouts, + as + Odysseus + was, + supr. + 33. + + μακραίωνι + implies + that + some + time + had + + passed + since + the + judgment + of + the + arms + + and + Ajax’ + sullen + withdrawal + from + the + + fight: + cp. + infr. + 929 + foll + ἀγωνίῳ + is + a + + difficult + word. + The + inactivity + of + Ajax + + was + his + manner + of + contending + with + the + + chiefs: + ifthe + rumour + was + true, + it + was + an + + inactivity + in + which + he + had + been + fatally + + active + ; + and + however + his + leisure + was + em- + + ployed, + it + was + becoming + full + of + danger + + to + him. + The + force + of + dyd, + in + the + sense + of + + a + dangerous + contest, + is + therefore + suited + + to + the + place, + and + the + expression + is + an + + oxymoron, + ‘ + a + perilous + quarrelsome + rest’ + + (for + which, + cp. + Shak. + Ant. + and + Cleo. + 1. + 3. + + Tis + sweating + labour + To + bear + such + + idleness + so + near + the + heart.’l + (2) + Others + + suppose + the + words + merely + to + mean + rest + + from + combat,’ + i.e. + from + the + general + + combat + with + the + Trojans. + + 196. + drav + οὐρανίαν + PAbywv] + ‘Letting + + mischief + blaze + up + to + the + sky.’ + Cp. + + atua + δάϊον + φλέγει; + The + + image + of + a + fire + is + continued + in + the + fol- + + lowing + lines. + + 197-200. + The + arrangement + of + these + + lines + is + difficult. + The + elision + of + the + last + + syllable + of + ὁρμᾶται + and + the + hiatus + after + + ἀτάρβητα + and + βαρυάλγητα + are + doubtful + + points. + It + can + hardly + be + questioned + that + + the + a + of + εὐανέμοις + (for + εὐήνέμοις) + is + long. + + καχαζόντων + is + rightly + restored + for + kay- + +

+ Commentary +

+ χαζόντων. + Brambach, + (Sophokl. + Ge- + + sange) + suggesting + εὐᾶνέμοις, + gives + the + + following + scheme— + + ple + + S.=- + + (cleci + + [ccleilte + + ἐχθρῶν + δ’ + ὕβρις + ὧδ’ + ἀτάρβητα + + ὀρμᾶτ’ + ἐν + εὐανέμοις + βάσσαι + + πάντων + καγχαζόντων + γλώσσ- + + ais + βαρυάλγητ’, + ἐμοὶ + δ’ + dxos + ἕστακεν. + + But + the + difficulties + are + not + (ius + removed. + + Perhaps + we + may + venture— + + ἐχθρῶν + δ’ + ὕβρις + ὧδ’ + ἀταρβὴς + + εὐανέμοις + βάσσαισιν + ὁρμᾶται + + πάντων + καχαζόντων + + γλώσσαις + βαρυαλγήτως. + + ἐμοὶ + δ’ + ἄχος + ἕστακεν. + + Glycon. + c2L-- + + Epitrit. + - + L + - + - + — + — + + Epitrit. + - + — + + Glycon. + -— + - + — + + Glycon. + - + —. + + 197. + ὧδ’] + Thus. + — + qs + insupr. + 141-53. + + 158. + ebavépus] + ‘With + favouring + + breezes.’ + As + applied + to + a + harbour, + + εὐήνεμος + is + ‘sheltered + from + rough + winds;’ + + but + the + image + here + is + rather + that + of + a + + forest + glade, + where, + when + a + little + fire + is + + kindled, + the + wind + that + is + not + strong + + enough + to + extinguish + it + only + fans + it + to + + strength. + Cp. + ὡς + δ’ + ἀναμαι- + + μάει + βαθέ + ἄγκεα + θεσπιδαὲς + ap + obpeos + + λζαλέοιο, + βαθεῖα + δὲ + καίεται + ὕλη. + +

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200. ἐμοὶ .. ἔστακεν] ‘I have a grief that will not be removed.’ 201 foll. The exposition of the situa- tion in the Ajax, like the dvayvpioris in the Oed. Tyr. is effected through the meeting of those who on either side know only half the truth. Tecmessa, whose affection for Ajax exceeds that of his own people, comes forth to meet the chorus of mariners before the hut. They learn from her the truth of the calamity. She learns from them the extent of it. Schol. διδάσκει τὸν χόρον ὅτι Alas ἐστὶν ὁ σφάξας τὰ ποίμνια. πυν- θάνεται δὲ παρὰ τοῦ χοροῦ ὅτι Ἑλληνικὰ ἦν τὰ σφαγέντα. ἑκάτερος οὖν παρ’ ἑκα- τέρου τὸ ἀγνοούμενον μανθάνει. 202. γενεᾶς, κ.τ. λ.] Of race derived from the Earth-born Erechtheidae.’ The Salaminians are, by an anachronism which is repeated infr. 861, counted as originally one with the Athenian people. 203. ἔχομεν στοναχά-]· It is ours to groan.’ She claims the sympathy of the chorus, of which they assure her, infr. 210. 204. τηλόθεν] Sc. ὄντος or σκοπουμένου. Cp. O. T. 1259, of παρῆμεν ἐγγύθεν, The word is not to be immediately joined with kndueor. Salamis, which she has never seen, seems far away to Tec- messa, whose hopes are notwithstanding centred there. 205. ð δεινὸς μέγας dpokparhs) ‘Our

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dread hero, rugged in might.’ Various compounds of aubs are used to indicate the fierce impetuosity of Ajax, that cannot be reduced to rule: infr. 885, τὸν ὠμόθυμον; 931, ὠμόφρων 548, ἀλλ’ αὐτίκ’ ὠμοῖς αὐτὸν ἐν νόμοις πατρὸς | δεῖ πωλοδάμνειν κἀξομοιοῦσθαι φύσιν. See also infr. 613, θουρίῳ | κρατοῦντ’ ἐν Ἄρει. Otherswouldrender duorparfs, mighty- shouldered,’ comparing the description of Ajax in II. 3. 227 as ἔξοχος Ἀργείων κεφαλὴν ἠδ’ εὐρέας duovs 1 206. θολερῷ... χευμῶνι] ‘Through a turbid storm.7 The darkened mind of Ajax is compared either to the troubling of waters by a flood, or to atmo- spheric disturbance,—as we speak of dirty weather.’ Cp. Ant. 420, 1, 0 δ’ ἐμεστώθη μέγας] αἰθήρ,μύσαντεςδ’ εἴχομεν θείαν νόσον, and, for the metaphorical use of θολερός, Aesch. Prom. 885, 6, θολεροὶ δὲ Χόγοι παίουσ’ εἰκῆ | στυγνῆς πρὸς κύμασιν ἄτης. 207. κεῦται] ‘Is overthrown.’ Cp. Plat. Rep. 5. p. 451 A, κείσομαι, περὶ ἃ ἥκιστα δεῖ σφάλλεσθαι. vogcas] "Having fallen into mad- ness.’ The aorist expresses the sudden- ness of the stroke. 208. ‘What heavy change from the condition of the day hath last night experienced?’ This is Triclinius’ expla- nation of τῆς dueplas, sc. καταστάσεως. As in the case of other feminine words

+

+ 28 + SOPOKAEOYE + +

+

+ γλώσσαις + BapuynTa + · + 1 + +

+

+ ἐμοὶ + δ’ + ἄχος + ἕστακεν. + +

+

+ 200 + +

+

+ TEKMHEZZA. + +

+

+ vads + dpwyol + τῆς + Alavros, + +

+

+ γενεᾶς + χθονίων + ἀπ’ + Ἐρεχθειδᾶν, + +

+

+ ἔχομεν + στοναχὰς + οἱ + κηδόμενοι + +

+

+ Ζ + +

+

+ τοῦ + Τελαμῶνος + τηλόθεν + olxov. + +

+

+ 2 + 2 + 7 + +

+

+ νῦν + γὰρ + ὁ + δεινὸς + μέγας + ὠμοκρατὴς + +

+

+ 205 + +

+

+ Aias + θολερῷ + +

+

+ κεῖται + χειμῶνι + νοσήσας. + +

+

+ XO. + τί + δ’ + ἐνήλλακται + τῆς + ἁμερίας + +

+

+ 200. + ἕστακεν] + ἕστακε + A. + +

+

+ ἔστηκεν + T + Pal. + +

+

+ 205. + μέγας] + μέγας + V + (pr.) + M. + +

+

+ ὁ + μέγας + Cett. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 200. + ἐμοὶ + .. + ἔστακεν] + ‘I + have + a + grief + + that + will + not + be + removed.’ + + 201 + foll. + The + exposition + of + the + situa- + + tion + in + the + Ajax, + like + the + dvayvpioris + + in + the + Tyr. + is + effected + through + the + + meeting + of + those + who + on + either + side + + know + only + half + the + truth. + Tecmessa, + + whose + affection + for + Ajax + exceeds + that + of + + his + own + people, + comes + forth + to + meet + + the + chorus + of + mariners + before + the + hut. + + They + learn + from + her + the + truth + of + the + + calamity. + She + learns + from + them + the + + extent + of + it. + Schol. + διδάσκει + τὸν + χόρον + + ὅτι + Alas + ἐστὶν + ὁ + σφάξας + τὰ + ποίμνια. + πυν- + + θάνεται + δὲ + παρὰ + τοῦ + χοροῦ + ὅτι + Ἑλληνικὰ + + ἦν + τὰ + σφαγέντα. + ἑκάτερος + οὖν + παρ’ + ἑκα- + + τέρου + τὸ + ἀγνοούμενον + μανθάνει. + + 202. + γενεᾶς, + κ.τ. + λ.] + Of + race + derived + + from + the + Earth-born + Erechtheidae.’ + The + + Salaminians + are, + by + an + anachronism + + which + is + repeated + infr. + 861, + counted + as + + originally + one + with + the + Athenian + people. + + 203. + ἔχομεν + στοναχά-]· + It + is + ours + to + + groan.’ + She + claims + the + sympathy + of + + the + chorus, + of + which + they + assure + her, + + infr. + 210. + + 204. + τηλόθεν] + Sc. + ὄντος + or + σκοπουμένου. + + Cp. + of + παρῆμεν + ἐγγύθεν, + The + + word + is + not + to + be + immediately + joined + + with + kndueor. + Salamis, + which + she + + has + never + seen, + seems + far + away + to + Tec- + + messa, + whose + hopes + are + notwithstanding + + centred + there. + + 205. + ð + δεινὸς + μέγας + dpokparhs) + ‘Our + +

+ Commentary +

+ dread + hero, + rugged + in + might.’ + Various + + compounds + of + aubs + are + used + to + indicate + + the + fierce + impetuosity + of + Ajax, + that + + cannot + be + reduced + to + rule: + infr. + 885, + + τὸν + ὠμόθυμον; + 931, + ὠμόφρων + 548, + ἀλλ’ + + αὐτίκ’ + ὠμοῖς + αὐτὸν + ἐν + νόμοις + πατρὸς + | + δεῖ + + πωλοδάμνειν + κἀξομοιοῦσθαι + φύσιν. + See + + also + infr. + 613, + θουρίῳ + | + κρατοῦντ’ + ἐν + Ἄρει. + + Otherswouldrender + duorparfs, + mighty- + + shouldered,’ + comparing + the + description + + of + Ajax + in + II. + 3. + 227 + as + ἔξοχος + Ἀργείων + + κεφαλὴν + ἠδ’ + εὐρέας + duovs + 1 + + 206. + θολερῷ... + χευμῶνι] + ‘Through + a + + turbid + storm.7 + The + darkened + mind + of + + Ajax + is + compared + either + to + the + troubling + + of + waters + by + a + flood, + or + to + atmo- + + spheric + disturbance,—as + we + speak + of + + dirty + weather.’ + Cp. + 0 + δ’ + + ἐμεστώθη + μέγας] + αἰθήρ,μύσαντεςδ’ + εἴχομεν + + θείαν + νόσον, + and, + for + the + metaphorical + + use + of + θολερός, + + θολεροὶ + δὲ + Χόγοι + παίουσ’ + εἰκῆ + | + στυγνῆς + + πρὸς + κύμασιν + ἄτης. + + 207. + κεῦται] + ‘Is + overthrown.’ + Cp. + + κείσομαι, + περὶ + ἃ + + ἥκιστα + δεῖ + σφάλλεσθαι. + + vogcas] + "Having + fallen + into + mad- + + ness.’ + The + aorist + expresses + the + sudden- + + ness + of + the + stroke. + + 208. + ‘What + heavy + change + from + the + + condition + of + the + day + hath + last + night + + experienced?’ + This + is + Triclinius’ + expla- + + nation + of + τῆς + dueplas, + sc. + καταστάσεως. + + As + in + the + case + of + other + feminine + words + +

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used substantively, we need not be precise in supplying the ellipse. Lobeck prefers dpas. Ajax’ condition on the previous day was lamentable enough: what new trouble has arisen during the night ? 210. Τελεύταντος1] The first syllable is to be scanned as long : cp. Ἱππομέδων, Hapbcvoraios in Iambic verse. Others read Φρυγίοιο for Φρυγίου, which is questionable both as to the form of the genitive and the division of the line. 211. λέκος δουριάλωτον] ‘In a spear- won marriage.’ Aéxos cogn. acc. 212. oréptas ἀνέχει] ‘Having fixed his affection on thee, remains constant to thee.’ The mariners accept Tecmessa as their master’s choice, although they could have wished a nobler bride for him. For ἀνέχει, see E. on L. § 52. p. 97, and cp. Eur. Hec. 123, Βάκχης Ἀνέκων λέκτρ Ἀγαμέμνων; Alc. 304, τούτους ἀνάσχου δεσπότας ἐμῶν δόμων, where the middle voice has a similar force. For cognate uses of ἀνέχω, cp. Er. 146, Pind. P. 2. 163. 213. ‘So that you know, and can tell us what we want to know.’ imb in comp. seems here to have the force of

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supplying an answer, or supplying the word that is wanting.’ Cp. ὑποκρίνομαι. 215. πάθος, as the appropriate word, is preferable to Bapos, which may have slipped in from supr. 209. 217. νύκτερο5] In the night.’ Essay on L. § 23. p. 36. 218. 7oac’ Bv Bors) For τοιοῦτος adducing proof, see Essay on L. § 22. p- 35 a. : 220. χρηστήρια1] Either (I) simply victims, or (2) with superstitious refer- ence to the δαίμων of madness. ‘Offer- ings demanded by his rage.’ 221-32 = 245-55. The metrical scheme (Logaoedic, with frequent syn- cope) is the following i— 1, —2——— 2 ———22— ’ ’ 2 ———— Lowt-- —20——8 ’ uHLLLEU-- ——————— 221. ἀνδρὸς αἴθονο5] Concerning

+

+ ΑΙΑΣ. + 29 + +

+

+ νὺξ + ἥδε + βάρος; + +

+

+ παῖ + τοῦ + Φρυγίου + Τελεύταντος, + 210 + +

+

+ λέγ’, + ἐπεί + σε + λέχος + δουριάλωτον + +

+

+ στέρξας + ἀνέχει + θούριος + Αἴας· + +

+

+ ὥστ’ + οὐκ + ἂν + ἀΐϊδρις + ὑπείποις. + +

+

+ TE. + πῶς + δῆτα + λέγω + λόγον + ἄρρητον; + +

+

+ θανάτῳ + γὰρ + ἴσον + πάθος + ἐκπεύσει. + 215 + +

+

+ μανίᾳ + γὰρ + ἁλοὺς + ἡμὶν + ὁ + κλεινὸς + +

+

+ νύκτερος + Αἴας + ἀπελωβήθη. + +

+

+ τοιαῦτ’ + dv + ἴδοις + σκηνῆς + ἔνδον + +

+

+ χειροδάϊκτα + σφάγι’ + αἱμοβαφῆ, + +

+

+ κείνου + χρηστήρια + τἀνδρός. + +

+

+ 220 + +

+

+ XO. + στρ. + olav + ἐδήλωσας + ἀνδρὸς + αἴθονος + +

+

+ 210. + Τελεύταντος] + τελλεύταντος + AVCI. + 211. + δουριάλωτον] + δοριάλωτον + +

+

+ MSS. + Brunck + corr. + δορυάλωτον + A. + 212. + στέρξας + ἀνέχει] + oreplac + . + ἀνέχει + L. + +

+

+ B.p. + +

+

+ στέρξας + ἀνέχει + A. + +

+

+ 215. + πάθος] + n460c + LA. + βάρος + (γρ. + πάθος) + TM. + πόνον + +

+

+ La + pr. + 216. + ἡμίν] + ἡμῖν + L. + ἡμὶν + A. + +

+

+ 218. + ἴδοις] + (ε)ἴδοις + L. + ἴδοις + Α. + 221. + +

+

+ Tr. + T. + : + . + +

+

+ αἴθονος] + αἴθο + .vos + L. + aio + .vos + Ca. + albo. + πος + Ct. + αἴθοπος + AM2. + αἴθωνος + M + Pal. + +

+ Commentary +

+ used + substantively, + we + need + not + be + + precise + in + supplying + the + ellipse. + Lobeck + + prefers + dpas. + Ajax’ + condition + on + the + + previous + day + was + lamentable + enough: + + what + new + trouble + has + arisen + during + the + + night + ? + + 210. + Τελεύταντος1] + The + first + syllable + + is + to + be + scanned + as + long + : + cp. + Ἱππομέδων, + + Hapbcvoraios + in + Iambic + verse. + Others + + read + Φρυγίοιο + for + Φρυγίου, + which + is + + questionable + both + as + to + the + form + of + the + + genitive + and + the + division + of + the + line. + + 211. + λέκος + δουριάλωτον] + ‘In + a + spear- + + won + marriage.’ + Aéxos + cogn. + acc. + + 212. + oréptas + ἀνέχει] + ‘Having + fixed + + his + affection + on + thee, + remains + constant + + to + thee.’ + The + mariners + accept + Tecmessa + + as + their + master’s + choice, + although + they + + could + have + wished + a + nobler + bride + for + + him. + For + ἀνέχει, + see + E. + on + L. + § + 52. + + p. + 97, + and + cp. + Βάκχης + + Ἀνέκων + λέκτρ + Ἀγαμέμνων; + + τούτους + ἀνάσχου + δεσπότας + ἐμῶν + δόμων, + + where + the + middle + voice + has + a + similar + + force. + For + cognate + uses + of + ἀνέχω, + cp. + + Er. + 146, + + 213. + ‘So + that + you + know, + and + can + tell + + us + what + we + want + to + know.’ + imb + in + + comp. + seems + here + to + have + the + force + of + +

+ Commentary +

+ supplying + an + answer, + or + supplying + the + + word + that + is + wanting.’ + Cp. + ὑποκρίνομαι. + + 215. + πάθος, + as + the + appropriate + word, + + is + preferable + to + Bapos, + which + may + have + + slipped + in + from + supr. + 209. + + 217. + νύκτερο5] + In + the + night.’ + Essay + + on + L. + § + 23. + p. + 36. + + 218. + 7oac’ + Bv + Bors) + For + τοιοῦτος + + adducing + proof, + see + Essay + on + L. + § + 22. + + p- + 35 + a. + : + + 220. + χρηστήρια1] + Either + (I) + simply + + victims, + or + (2) + with + superstitious + refer- + + ence + to + the + δαίμων + of + madness. + ‘Offer- + + ings + demanded + by + his + rage.’ + + 221-32 + = + 245-55. + The + metrical + + scheme + (Logaoedic, + with + frequent + syn- + + cope) + is + the + following + i— + + 1, + + —2——— + + 2 + + ———22— + + ’ + ’ + 2 + + ———— + + Lowt-- + + —20——8 + + ’ + + uHLLLEU-- + + ——————— + + 221. + ἀνδρὸς + αἴθονο5] + Concerning + +

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ἀγγελίαν ἄτλατον οὐδὲ φευκτάν, τῶν μεγάλων Δαναῶν ὕπο κλῃζομέναν, τὰν ὁ μέγας μῦθος ἀέξει. οἴμοι, φοβοῦμαι τὸ προσέρπον. περίφαντος ἁνὴρ θανεῖται, παραπλήκτῳ χερὶ συγκατακτὰς κελαινοῖς ξίφεσιν βοτὰ καὶ βοτῆρας ἱππονώμας. ΤΕ. ὤμοι· κεῖθεν κεῖθεν ἄρ’ ἡμῖν δεσμῶτιν ἄγων ἤλυθε ποίμναν· ὧν τὴν μὲν ἔσω σφάζ’ ἐπὶ γαίας, τὰ δὲ πλευροκοπῶν δίχʼ ἀνερρήγνυ.

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αἴθονος L2. αἴθονος Vat. a. αἴθοπος Vat. c. 223. φευκτάν] φευκτὸν L. φευκτὰν C3. 225. ὕπο κλῃζομέναν] ὑποκληι ζομέναν L (ηϊ ΑΓC7). 227. οἴμοι] ὠίμοι L. οἴμοι Α. ὤμοι Γ. ἁνήρ] ἁνὴρ LA. 230. συγκατακτάς] συνκατακτὰσ 232. ἱππονώμας] ἱππονόμους LA. ἱππονόμας L2 Porson L. συγκατακτὰς C7. corr. 236. τά] τὰσδέ LA. τὰς δὲ Γ. τὰσδὲ Pal. ἀνερρήγνυ] ἀν ἐρρήγνυ L. ἀνερρήγνυ Α.

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the fiery man.’ Essay on L. § 9. p. 12, 2. If τοι is retained in infr. 245, we may read here οἵαν ἐδήλωσας *κατ’ ἀνδρὸς αἴθονος. The short syllable in αἴθονος is sufficiently supported by αἴθονα occur- ring in Hesychius in the right alpha- betical order (immediately after αἶθον). Although αἴθοπος (see v. rr.) may be defended, on the ground that the second part of a compound has sometimes little significance (see esp. infr. 954, κελαι- νώπαν θυμόν), yet αἴθων, which directly expresses character, is more appropriate here, and has the preponderance of MS. authority in its favour. 222. ἄτλατον οὐδὲ φευκτάν] ‘That can neither be avoided nor endured.’ 225. μεγάλων] ‘Terrible.’ The mari- ners, in their feebleness (supr. 165 foll.), are afraid of the opinion of the host. These words are added as a comment on οὐδὲ φευκτάν. The consequences of the fact cannot be eluded, since it is known to the host, and magnified by rumour. 226. ὁ μέγας μῦθος] ‘The formidable power of rumour.’ Supr. 172, ὦ μεγάλα φάτις. μῦθος is the rumour about this particular thing, with a suggestion of rumour in general. ἀέξει] Not ‘exaggerates,’ for the evil could not be exaggerated, but, ‘which the mighty power of rumour spreads abroad.’

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229. περίφαντος.. θανεῖται] ‘He will be discovered and will die.’ περίφαντος is explained by the words that follow, παραπλήκτῳ χερί, κ.τ.λ. The nature of the crime defies concealment. 231. κελαινοῖς ξίφεσιν] ‘With dark- ened brand.’ The plural, as in Ant. 820, ξιφέων ἐπίχειρα, denotes the action of the sword rather than the sword itself. The epithet κελαινοῖς, as in Trach. 856, κελαινὰ λόγχα, suggests the colour of a sword or spear that has been much used in battle. βοτῆρας] Supr. 27, αὐτοῖς ποιμνίων ἐπιστάταις. This fact is known to the mariners from the report of the army, not from Tecmessa. ἱππονώμας] Either (1) because cap- tive horses, like those of Rhesus, were included in the spoil (this might add force to ἱππομανῆ, supr. 143), or rather (2) because the herdsmen were mounted, as might well happen where the herd was so extensive. 235. ὧν τὴν μέν] Sc. ποίμναν. ‘Whereof one part.’ The plural ὧν is equivalent to a collective ἦς. referring to ποίμναν supr. The force of ἔσω (‘in the tent’) is continued to the subsequent clauses. For τὴν μέν followed by τὰ δέ, see Essay on L. § 20. p. 31. 236. πλευροκοπῶν δίχʼ ἀνερρήγνυ] ‘He smote beneath the ribs and ripped

+

+ ἀγγελίαν + ἄτλατον + οὐδὲ + φευκτάν, + + τῶν + μεγάλων + Δαναῶν + ὕπο + κλῃζομέναν, + + τὰν + ὁ + μέγας + μῦθος + ἀέξει. + + οἴμοι, + φοβοῦμαι + τὸ + προσέρπον. + περίφαντος + ἁνὴρ + + θανεῖται, + παραπλήκτῳ + χερὶ + συγκατακτὰς + + κελαινοῖς + ξίφεσιν + βοτὰ + καὶ + βοτῆρας + ἱππονώμας. + + ΤΕ. + ὤμοι· + κεῖθεν + κεῖθεν + ἄρ’ + ἡμῖν + + δεσμῶτιν + ἄγων + ἤλυθε + ποίμναν· + + ὧν + τὴν + μὲν + ἔσω + σφάζ’ + ἐπὶ + γαίας, + + τὰ + δὲ + πλευροκοπῶν + δίχʼ + ἀνερρήγνυ. + +

+ Critical Apparatus +

+ αἴθονος + L2. + αἴθονος + Vat. + a. + αἴθοπος + Vat. + c. + 223. + φευκτάν] + φευκτὸν + L. + + φευκτὰν + C3. + 225. + ὕπο + κλῃζομέναν] + ὑποκληι + ζομέναν + L (ηϊ + ΑΓC7). + 227. + οἴμοι] + + ὠίμοι + L. + οἴμοι + Α. + ὤμοι + Γ. + ἁνήρ] + ἁνὴρ + LA. + 230. + συγκατακτάς] + συνκατακτὰσ + + 232. + ἱππονώμας] + ἱππονόμους + LA. + ἱππονόμας + L2 + Porson + + L. + συγκατακτὰς + C7. + + corr. + 236. + τά] + τὰσδέ + LA. + τὰς + δὲ + Γ. + τὰσδὲ + Pal. + ἀνερρήγνυ] + ἀν + ἐρρήγνυ + L. + + ἀνερρήγνυ + Α. + +

+ Commentary +

+ the + fiery + man.’ + Essay + on + L. + § + 9. + p. + 12, + 2. + + If + τοι + is + retained + in + infr. + 245, + we + may + + read + here + οἵαν + ἐδήλωσας + *κατ’ + ἀνδρὸς + + αἴθονος. + The + short + syllable + in + αἴθονος + + is + sufficiently + supported + by + αἴθονα + occur- + + ring + in + Hesychius + in + the + right + alpha- + + betical + order + (immediately + after + αἶθον). + + Although + αἴθοπος + (see + v. + rr.) + may + be + + defended, + on + the + ground + that + the + second + + part + of + a + compound + has + sometimes + little + + significance + (see + esp. + infr. + 954, + κελαι- + + νώπαν + θυμόν), + yet + αἴθων, + which + directly + + expresses + character, + is + more + appropriate + + here, + and + has + the + preponderance + of + MS. + + authority + in + its + favour. + + 222. + ἄτλατον + οὐδὲ + φευκτάν] + ‘That + + can + neither + be + avoided + nor + endured.’ + + 225. + μεγάλων] + ‘Terrible.’ + The + mari- + + ners, + in + their + feebleness + (supr. + 165 + foll.), + + are + afraid + of + the + opinion + of + the + host. + + These + words + are + added + as + a + comment + + on + οὐδὲ + φευκτάν. + The + consequences + of + + the + fact + cannot + be + eluded, + since + it + is + + known + to + the + host, + and + magnified + by + + rumour. + + 226. + ὁ + μέγας + μῦθος] + ‘The + formidable + + power + of + rumour.’ + Supr. + 172, + ὦ + μεγάλα + + φάτις. + μῦθος + is + the + rumour + about + this + + particular + thing, + with + a + suggestion + of + + rumour + in + general. + + ἀέξει] + Not + ‘exaggerates,’ + for + the + evil + + could + not be + exaggerated, + but, + ‘which + the + + mighty power of rumour + spreads + abroad.’ + +

+ Commentary +

+ 229. + περίφαντος.. + θανεῖται] + ‘He + will + + be + discovered + and + will + die.’ + περίφαντος + + is + explained + by + the + words + that + follow, + + παραπλήκτῳ + χερί, + κ.τ.λ. + The + nature + of + + the + crime + defies + concealment. + + 231. + κελαινοῖς + ξίφεσιν] + ‘With + dark- + + ened + brand.’ + The + plural, + as + in + + ξιφέων + ἐπίχειρα, + denotes + the + action + of + + the + sword + rather + than + the + sword + itself. + + The + epithet + κελαινοῖς, + as + in + + κελαινὰ + λόγχα, + suggests + the + colour + of + a + + sword + or + spear + that + has + been + much + used + + in + battle. + + βοτῆρας] + Supr. + 27, + αὐτοῖς + ποιμνίων + + ἐπιστάταις. + This + fact + is + known + to + the + + mariners + from + the + report + of + the + army, + + not + from + Tecmessa. + + ἱππονώμας] + Either + (1) + because + cap- + + tive + horses, + like + those + of + Rhesus, + were + + included + in + the + spoil + (this + might + add + + force + to + ἱππομανῆ, + supr. + 143), + or + rather + + (2) + because + the + herdsmen + were + mounted, + + as + might + well + happen + where + the + herd + + was + so + extensive. + + 235. + ὧν + τὴν + μέν] + Sc. + ποίμναν. + ‘Whereof + + one + part.’ + The + plural + ὧν + is + equivalent + + to + a + collective + ἦς. + referring + to + ποίμναν + + supr. + The + force + of + ἔσω + (‘in + the + tent’) + + is + continued + to + the + subsequent + clauses. + + For + τὴν + μέν + followed + by + τὰ + δέ, + see + + Essay + on + L. + § + 20. + p. + 31. + + 236. + πλευροκοπῶν + δίχʼ + ἀνερρήγνυ] + + ‘He + smote + beneath + the + ribs + and + ripped + +

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δύο δ’ ἀργίποδας kpiods ἀνελὼν 2 A 2 700 μὲν κεφαλὴν kal γλῶσσαν depar διπτεῖ θερίσας ῥιπτεῖ θερίσας, τὸν δ’ ὀρθὸν ἄνω κίονι δήσας ubyav ἱπποδέτην ῥυτῆρα λαβὼν παίει λιγυρᾷ μάστιγι διπλῇ, κακὰ δεννάζων ῥήμαθ’, ἃ δαίμων κοὐδεὶς ἀνδρῶν ἐδίδαξεν. XO. ἀντ. ὥρα τιν’ ἤδη κάρα καλύμμασι κρυψάμενον ποδοῖν κλοπὰν ἀρέσθαι, ἢ θοὸν εἰρεσίας ζυγὸν ἑζόμενον ποντοπόρῳ ναὶ μεθεῖναι.

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241. ἱπποδέτην]ὔ ἱππολέτην L. ἱπποδέτην AC. 243. δεννάζων] δ’ ἐννάζων L. δεννάζων C. 245. τιν’ ἤδη] τίν’ ἤδη 70 κρᾶτα L Vat. ac M2. ἤδη κρᾶτα A. ἤδη τοι κράτα ΤΙΑΥΜΥ3.

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asunder.’ The two white-footed rams are probably Agamemnon and Odysseus. Menelaus may have been imagined to be slain in combat, while the king of men was brought away in triumph to be the object of more condign vengeance. LI. 105 foll. leave no room to doubt that the second ram is intended by Ajax for Odysseus. 237. ἀνελών] ‘Having lifted, i.e. by the forefeet. 238, 9. ‘He sheared off and threw away (first) the tongue-tip and (then) the head.’ E. on LI § 41. p. 78 B, b. The tongue, which had pronounced the judgment, the bead, which was the seat of sovereignty. are the first to suffer. For ῥυπτεῖ, cp. Hdt. 4. 61, 6 θύσας, τῶν κρεῶν καὶ τῶν σπλάγχνων dnaptauevos, ῥίπτει ἐς τὸ ἔμπροσθεν. 240. ‘Bound up to a pillar erect.’ dvi marks that the bonds were fastened from above, so as almost to suspend the creature from the ground. 241. ‘With a great hamess-thong.’ ῥυτήρ is (I) a trace, (2) a rein, (3) any strap used in harnessing. 242. ‘He smites him with resounding double lash ;" i.e. He holds the thong by the middle, and plies it, thus doubled, with a whizzing noise. 243. ἃ δαίμῶν,κ.τ.λ.] ie. The words gave evidence of superhuman passion.

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Cp. O. T. 1258, 9, δαιμόνων δείκνυσί τις, οὐδεὶς γὰρ ἀνδρῶν. 244. ‘Reviling him with evil lan- guage.’ Cp. Ant. 759, ἐπὶ ψόγοισι bev- vdoes ἐμέ. 245. κάρα is the emendation of Tri- clinius for kpdra, which is in most MSS., generally with roc preceding : according to Hermann this was due to a mistaken metrical emendation. Reading κάρα and retaining rot, we might read in supr. 221, οἵαν ἐδήλωσας xar ἀνδρὸς αἴθονος. τιν’] 1.. ἡμᾶ-. Essay on L. § 22. p. 36. κάρα καλύμμασι κρυψάμενον] ‘Veil- ing one’s head,’ either (1) in foken of confusion and shame as well as sorrow. Cp. Od. 8. 92; Plat. Phaedr. 243 B. Or (2) by way of disguise. ποδοῖν κλοπὰν ἀρέσθαι] ĩ. e. φυγὴν dpaai, ‘to steal away on foot’ Cp. Eur. Or. 1499, ἐκκλέπτειν πόδα Rhes. 54, αἴρεσθαι φυγήν. 247. θοὸν εἰρεσία5 ζυγὸν ἑζόμενον] Pressing the swift rowing-bench.’ Cp. Aesch. Ag. 982, θάρσος, . ἵζει ppevs φίλον θρόνον And for the hypallage ζ boãs εἰρεσίας ζυγόν), see Essay on I. § 42. p. 80. 250. ποντοπόρῳ vat μεθεῖναι] ‘Let the sea-faring ship go on her way.’ No definite ellipse (as of πλοῦν or πείσ-

+

+ δύο + δ’ + ἀργίποδας + kpiods + ἀνελὼν + + 2 + A + 2 + + 700 + μὲν + κεφαλὴν + kal + γλῶσσαν + depar + + διπτεῖ + θερίσας + + ῥιπτεῖ + θερίσας, + + τὸν + δ’ + ὀρθὸν + ἄνω + κίονι + δήσας + + ubyav + ἱπποδέτην + ῥυτῆρα + λαβὼν + + παίει + λιγυρᾷ + μάστιγι + διπλῇ, + + κακὰ + δεννάζων + ῥήμαθ’, + ἃ + δαίμων + + κοὐδεὶς + ἀνδρῶν + ἐδίδαξεν. + + XO. + ἀντ. + ὥρα + τιν’ + ἤδη + κάρα + καλύμμασι + + κρυψάμενον + ποδοῖν + κλοπὰν + ἀρέσθαι, + + ἢ + θοὸν + εἰρεσίας + ζυγὸν + ἑζόμενον + + ποντοπόρῳ + ναὶ + μεθεῖναι. + +

+

+ 244 + +

+ Critical Apparatus +

+ 241. + ἱπποδέτην]ὔ + ἱππολέτην + L. + + ἱπποδέτην + AC. + + 243. + δεννάζων] + δ’ + ἐννάζων + L. + + δεννάζων + C. + + 245. + τιν’ + ἤδη] + τίν’ + ἤδη + 70 + κρᾶτα + L + Vat. + ac + M2. + + ἤδη + κρᾶτα + A. + + ἤδη + τοι + κράτα + ΤΙΑΥΜΥ3. + +

+ Commentary +

+ asunder.’ + The + two + white-footed + rams + + are + probably + Agamemnon + and + Odysseus. + + Menelaus + may + have + been + imagined + to + be + + slain + in + combat, + while + the + king + of + men + + was + brought + away + in + triumph + to + be + the + + object + of + more + condign + vengeance. + LI. + + 105 + foll. + leave + no + room + to + doubt + that + + the + second + ram + is + intended + by + Ajax + for + + Odysseus. + + 237. + ἀνελών] + ‘Having + lifted, + i.e. + by + + the + forefeet. + + 238, + 9. + ‘He + sheared + off + and + threw + + away + (first) + the + tongue-tip + and + (then) + + the + head.’ + E. + on + LI + § + 41. + p. + 78 + B, + b. + + The + tongue, + which + had + pronounced + the + + judgment, + the + bead, + which + was + the + seat + + of + sovereignty. + are + the + first + to + suffer. + + For + ῥυπτεῖ, + cp. + Hdt. + 4. + 61, + 6 + θύσας, + τῶν + + κρεῶν + καὶ + τῶν + σπλάγχνων + dnaptauevos, + + ῥίπτει + ἐς + τὸ + ἔμπροσθεν. + + 240. + ‘Bound + up + to + a + pillar + erect.’ + + dvi + marks + that + the + bonds + were + fastened + + from + above, + so + as + almost + to + suspend + + the + creature + from + the + ground. + + 241. + ‘With + a + great + hamess-thong.’ + + ῥυτήρ + is + (I) + a + trace, + (2) + a + rein, + (3) + any + + strap + used + in + harnessing. + + 242. + ‘He + smites + him + with + resounding + + double + lash + ;" + i.e. + He + holds + the + thong + + by + the + middle, + and + plies + it, + thus + doubled, + + with + a + whizzing + noise. + + 243. + ἃ + δαίμῶν,κ.τ.λ.] + ie. + The + words + + gave + evidence + of + superhuman + passion. + +

+ Commentary +

+ Cp. + δαιμόνων + δείκνυσί + τις, + + οὐδεὶς + γὰρ + ἀνδρῶν. + + 244. + ‘Reviling + him + with + evil + lan- + + guage.’ + Cp. + ἐπὶ + ψόγοισι + bev- + + vdoes + ἐμέ. + + 245. + κάρα + is + the + emendation + of + Tri- + + clinius + for + kpdra, + which + is + in + most + MSS., + + generally + with + roc + preceding + : + according + + to + Hermann + this + was + due + to + a + mistaken + + metrical + emendation. + Reading + κάρα + + and + retaining + rot, + we + might + read + in + + supr. + 221, + οἵαν + ἐδήλωσας + xar + ἀνδρὸς + + αἴθονος. + + τιν’] + 1.. + ἡμᾶ-. + + Essay + on + L. + § + 22. + + p. + 36. + + κάρα + καλύμμασι + κρυψάμενον] + ‘Veil- + + ing + one’s + head,’ + either + (1) + in + foken + of + + confusion + and + shame + as + well + as + sorrow. + + Cp. + + Od. + 8. + 92; + + + Or + (2) + by + way + of + disguise. + + ποδοῖν + κλοπὰν + ἀρέσθαι] + ĩ. + e. + φυγὴν + + dpaai, + ‘to + steal + away + on + foot’ + Cp. + + ἐκκλέπτειν + πόδα + + Eur. + Or. + 1499, + + + αἴρεσθαι + φυγήν. + + 247. + θοὸν + εἰρεσία5 + ζυγὸν + ἑζόμενον] + + Pressing + the + swift + rowing-bench.’ + Cp. + + θάρσος, + . + ἵζει + ppevs + + φίλον + θρόνον + And + for + the + hypallage + + ζ + boãs + εἰρεσίας + ζυγόν), + see + Essay + on + I. + + § + 42. + p. + 80. + + 250. + ποντοπόρῳ + vat + μεθεῖναι] + ‘Let + + the + sea-faring + ship + go + on + her + way.’ + No + + definite + ellipse + (as + of + πλοῦν + or + πείσ- + +

-

uara) need be supposed. The verb to let go’ is first used absolutely, and then again acquires a remote object, which is put in the dative. The ship is ‘a thing of life. 251. ἐρέσσουσιν] ‘Launch.’ Ant. 158, μῆτιν ἐρέσσω. For the unconscious tautology, εἰρεσίας . . ἐρέσσουσιν, see Essay on L. § 44. Pp. 83. 4. The mar- iners think of the Atreidae as chasing them astem. The words καθ’ ἡμῶν mark that their lot is bound up with that of Ajax, a thought which is de- veloped in the succeeding lines. The accusative · Apn is in two constructions, first after πεφόβημαι, and then with ξυναλγεῖν, which is added in epexegesis. For "Apns of destructive violence, cp. esp. Aesch. Prom. 861, 2, θηλυκτόνῳ Ἄρει δαμέντων, 255. τὸν αἶσ’ ἄπλατοἴσχει] Possess- ed by an all-endangering doom. The chorus long to stand by Ajax, but are deterred by his madness. Cp. Trach. 785, kovdels ἐτόλμα τἀνδρὸς ἀντίον μο- λεἶν 1 ib. 797, & παῖ, πρόσελθε, μὴ φύγῃ5 τοὐμὸν κακόν, | μηδ’ εἴ σε χρὴ θανόντι συνθανεῖν ἐμοί ; 10. 1030, ἀποτίβατος ἀγρία νόσος. 257. οὐκέτι] Sc. ἴσχει νιν ἡ μανία. ‘He may be approached with safety now. λαμπρᾶς, k.1A] For he, like a Southem storm, after a sharp outburst, ceases to rage, and the lightning plays no more.’ drep, k.7.A. is to be taken

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proleptically = re ἄτερ στεροπῆς εἶναι. E. on1L.5 38. p. 70. Otherwise the words might mean, ‘He desists without light- ning:’ ie. his violence comes to an end without doing irreparable barm. Cp. Eur. Med. 03, 4, οὐδὲ παύσεται| χολου, σάφ’ οἶδα πρὶν κατασκῆψαί τινα Shak. King John, 4. 2, ‘So foul a sky clears not without a storm.’ But although Tecmessa is for the moment relieved, her apprehensions are not sufficiently calmed to make this natural. 259. φρόνιμος] Sc. dv. Essay on L. § 39. p. 72. φρβόνιμον (50. ὄντα) is a v. r. or MS. conjecture. 260. οἰκεῖα πάθη] ‘Troubles all one’s own.’ i.e. both as home-felt and seif-wrought. Cp. El. 215, οἰκείαε εἰς aras. 261. παραπράξαντο5] ‘Having as- sisted.’ Cp. napabp (οἷά TE τοῖ- ἀγαθοῖσι mapadplowo χέρηες, Od. 15, 324). 262. μεγάλας ὀδύνας ὑποτέείνει1 Canses intense grief within.’ ὑποτείνει, ie. ὑπέχει wrerauvws. Cp. Pind. Ol. 2. 100, βαθεῖαν ὑπέχων μέριμναν ἀγροτέραν. 263. But if he hath ceased’ (from his madness), ‘he must be surely happy. Others take εὐτυχεῖν impersonally,—as in Oed. Tyr 88, πᾶντ’ ἂν edroxer,— All must be well.’ 264. For trouble counts for less when it is gone.’ The gen. is first ab- solute, and then in regimen with λόγος. Cp. infr. 1161, 2, κἀμοὶ γὰρ αἴσχιστον

+

+ 32 + ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

+

+ rolas + ἐρέσσουσιν + ἀπειλὰς + δικρατεῖς + Ἀτρεῖδαι + +

+

+ καθ’ + ἡμῶν· + πεφόβημαι + λιθόλευστον + Ἄρη + +

+

+ ξυναλγεῖν + μετὰ + τοῦδε + τυπείς, + τὸν + αἶσ’ + ἄπλατος + ἴσχει. + +

+

+ 2 + 2 + 3 + 7— + 4 + 7. + +

+

+ 255 + +

+

+ TE. + οὐκέτι· + λαμπρᾶς + γὰρ + drep + στεροπᾶς + +

+

+ 257 + +

+

+ Gas + ὀξὺς + νότος + ὡς + λήγει, + +

+

+ 2 + JFA + z + a + z + +

+

+ καὶ + νῦν + φρόνιμος + νέον + ἀλγος + ἔχει. + +

+

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+

+ 260 + +

+

+ μηδενὸς + ἄλλου + παραπράξαντος, + +

+

+ μεγάλας + ὀδύνας + ὑποτέείνει. + +

+

+ ΧΟ. + +

+

+ ἀλλ’ + εἰ + πέπαυται, + κάρτ’ + ἂν + εὐτυχεῖν + δοκῶ· + +

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+

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+

+ ἐσλεύσσειν] + ἐσλεώσειν + L. + ἐσκεύσσειν + Α. + εἰσλεύσειν + Γ. + +

+ Commentary +

+ uara) + need + be + supposed. + The + verb + to + + let + go’ + is + first + used + absolutely, + and + then + + again + acquires + a + remote + object, + which + + is + put + in + the + dative. + The + ship + is + ‘a + + thing + of + life. + + 251. + ἐρέσσουσιν] + ‘Launch.’ + + μῆτιν + ἐρέσσω. + For + the + unconscious + + tautology, + εἰρεσίας + . + . + ἐρέσσουσιν, + see + + Essay + on + L. + § + 44. + Pp. + 83. + 4. + The + mar- + + iners + think + of + the + Atreidae + as + chasing + + them + astem. + The + words + καθ’ + ἡμῶν + + mark + that + their + lot + is + bound + up + with + + that + of + Ajax, + a + thought + which + is + de- + + veloped + in + the + succeeding + lines. + The + + accusative + · + Apn + is + in + two + constructions, + + first + after + πεφόβημαι, + and + then + with + + ξυναλγεῖν, + which + is + added + in + epexegesis. + + For + "Apns + of + destructive + violence, + cp. + + esp. + θηλυκτόνῳ + + Ἄρει + δαμέντων, + + 255. + τὸν + αἶσ’ + ἄπλατοἴσχει] + Possess- + + ed + by + an + all-endangering + doom. + The + + chorus + long + to + stand + by + Ajax, + but + are + + deterred + by + his + madness. + Cp. + + kovdels + ἐτόλμα + τἀνδρὸς + ἀντίον + μο- + + λεἶν + 1 + ib. + 797, + & + παῖ, + πρόσελθε, + μὴ + φύγῃ5 + + τοὐμὸν + κακόν, + | + μηδ’ + εἴ + σε + χρὴ + θανόντι + + συνθανεῖν + ἐμοί + ; + 10. + 1030, + ἀποτίβατος + + ἀγρία + νόσος. + + 257. + οὐκέτι] + Sc. + ἴσχει + νιν + ἡ + μανία. + + ‘He + may + be + approached + with + safety + + now. + + λαμπρᾶς, + k.1A] + For + he, + like + a + + Southem + storm, + after + a + sharp + outburst, + + ceases + to + rage, + and + the + lightning + plays + + no + more.’ + drep, + k.7.A. + is + to + be + taken + +

+ Commentary +

+ proleptically + = + re + ἄτερ + στεροπῆς + εἶναι. + + E. + on1L.5 + 38. + p. + 70. + Otherwise + the + words + + might + mean, + ‘He + desists + without + light- + + ning:’ + ie. + his + violence + comes + to + an + + end + without + doing + irreparable + barm. + + Cp. + οὐδὲ + παύσεται| + + χολου, + σάφ’ + οἶδα + πρὶν + κατασκῆψαί + τινα + + Shak. + King + John, + 4. + 2, + ‘So + foul + a + + sky + clears + not + without + a + storm.’ + But + + although + Tecmessa + is + for + the + moment + + relieved, + her + apprehensions + are + not + + sufficiently + calmed + to + make + this + natural. + + 259. + φρόνιμος] + Sc. + dv. + Essay + on + L. + + § + 39. + p. + 72. + φρβόνιμον + (50. + ὄντα) + is + a + + v. + r. + or + MS. + conjecture. + + 260. + οἰκεῖα + πάθη] + ‘Troubles + all + + one’s + own.’ + i.e. + both + as + home-felt + and + + seif-wrought. + Cp. + οἰκείαε + εἰς + + aras. + + 261. + παραπράξαντο5] + ‘Having + as- + + sisted.’ + Cp. + napabp + (οἷά + TE + τοῖ- + + ἀγαθοῖσι + mapadplowo + χέρηες, + + + 262. + μεγάλας + ὀδύνας + ὑποτέείνει1 + + Canses + intense + grief + within.’ + ὑποτείνει, + + ie. + ὑπέχει + wrerauvws. + Cp. + + βαθεῖαν + ὑπέχων + μέριμναν + ἀγροτέραν. + + 263. + But + if + he + hath + ceased’ + (from + + his + madness), + ‘he + must + be + surely + happy. + + Others + take + εὐτυχεῖν + impersonally,—as + + in + πᾶντ’ + ἂν + edroxer,— + All + + must + be + well.’ + + 264. + For + trouble + counts + for + less + + when + it + is + gone.’ + The + gen. + is + first + ab- + + solute, + and + then + in + regimen + with + λόγος. + + Cp. + infr. + 1161, + 2, + κἀμοὶ + γὰρ + αἴσχιστον + +

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κλύειν | ἀνδρὸς ματαίου φλαῦρ’ po- θουμένου. 265. αἵρεσιν] Sc. τούτων, viz. 11. 266, 7, which πότερα anticipates. 266. ἔχειν] Supr. 203. 267. kowss ἐν Κοινοῖσι] Essay on L. §5 44. p. 83. ‘ Or to be with others and mingle your sorrow with theirs.’ ξυνών marks that while Ajax was de- lirious, he stood apart from the grief which others felt for him. 269. · Our case, then, since the mad- ness left us, is grown more desperate.’ Tecmessa identifies her lot with that of Ajax. Compare infr. 791, udw ὀλώλα- μέν; A few lines below (273-6) she speaks of herself in the plural as con- trasted with him. 272. olow .. kakols] 1.e. κακοῖς ἐν οἶσιν εἴχετο. Cp. infr. 1144, 5. ἡνίκ’ ἐν κακῷ | χειμῶνος εἴχετ’. 275. πᾶς ἐλήλαται] ‘Is vexed to

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the uttermost.’ πᾶς is adverbial. See Essay on L. § 23. p. 38, and cp. infr. 519, & σοὶ πᾶσ’ ἔγωγε copai. The perfect, as in πεφόβημαι, supr. 139, ex- presses a completed state. 277. 8". ;] Essay on L. § 29. p. 50. ‘What is this but to have the sorrow doubled that before was single ?’ Cp. Constance in King Jobn, 3. 4. ‘1 am not mad;-1 would to heaven I were! For then ’tis like I should forget myself: O, if I could, what grief should Iforget1’ 278, 9. μὴ ’κ θεοῦ | πληγή τι5 ἥκει] Tnat a calamity is really come from Heaven.’ The chorus before admitted as a possibility (supr. 186, ἥκοι γὰρ & θεία Ῥόσος) what now appears to be too ceitain. Hence the indicative is more forcible here, although the subjunctive (ἥκῃ) is more regular and may be the true reading.

+

+ AlA. + 33 + +

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+ Vat. + ac + VMC. + ἥκοι + Vs. + ἥκει + Μ3. + +

+ Commentary +

+ κλύειν + | + ἀνδρὸς + ματαίου + φλαῦρ’ + po- + + θουμένου. + + 265. + αἵρεσιν] + Sc. + τούτων, + viz. + 11. + + 266, + 7, + which + πότερα + anticipates. + + 266. + ἔχειν] + Supr. + 203. + + 267. + kowss + ἐν + Κοινοῖσι] + Essay + on + + L. + §5 + 44. + p. + 83. + ‘ + Or + to + be + with + others + + and + mingle + your + sorrow + with + theirs.’ + + ξυνών + marks + that + while + Ajax + was + de- + + lirious, + he + stood + apart + from + the + grief + + which + others + felt + for + him. + + 269. + · + Our + case, + then, + since + the + mad- + + ness + left + us, + is + grown + more + desperate.’ + + Tecmessa + identifies + her + lot + with + that + of + + Ajax. + Compare + infr. + 791, + udw + ὀλώλα- + + μέν; + A + few + lines + below + (273-6) + she + + speaks + of + herself + in + the + plural + as + con- + + trasted + with + him. + + 272. + olow + .. + kakols] + 1.e. + κακοῖς + ἐν + + οἶσιν + εἴχετο. + Cp. + infr. + 1144, + 5. + ἡνίκ’ + + ἐν + κακῷ + | + χειμῶνος + εἴχετ’. + + 275. + πᾶς + ἐλήλαται] + + ‘Is + vexed + to + +

+ Commentary +

+ the + uttermost.’ + πᾶς + is + adverbial. + See + + Essay + on + L. + § + 23. + p. + 38, + and + cp. + infr. + + 519, + & + σοὶ + πᾶσ’ + ἔγωγε + copai. + The + + perfect, + as + in + πεφόβημαι, + supr. + 139, + ex- + + presses + a + completed + state. + + 277. + 8". + ;] + Essay + on + L. + § + 29. + + p. + 50. + ‘What + is + this + but + to + have + the + + sorrow + doubled + that + before + was + single + ?’ + + Cp. + Constance + in + Jobn, + 3. + 4. + ‘1 + + am + not + mad;-1 + would + to + heaven + I + + were! + For + then + ’tis + like + I + should + forget + + myself: + O, + if + I + could, + what + grief + should + + Iforget1’ + + 278, + 9. + μὴ + ’κ + θεοῦ + | + πληγή + τι5 + ἥκει] + + Tnat + a + calamity + is + really + come + from + + Heaven.’ + The + chorus + before + admitted + + as + a + possibility + (supr. + 186, + ἥκοι + γὰρ + & + + θεία + Ῥόσος) + what + now + appears + to + be + too + + ceitain. + Hence + the + indicative + is + more + + forcible + here, + although + the + subjunctive + + (ἥκῃ) + is + more + regular + and + may + be + the + + true + reading. + +

+

+ ΟΙ. + II. + +

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282, 3. ‘In what wise lighted on you the commencement of the trouble? Tell vs, who grieve with you at the misfortune, what it is.’ τύχας, continuing the notion of κακοῦ, is govermed either (I) both of δήλωσον and of ξυναλγοῦσιν, or (2) of ξυναλγοῦσιν only. 284. Gs κοινωνὸς By] As you are no less interested.’ 285. ἄκρας νυκτό5] ‘At dead of night.’ That this, and not ‘ on the verge of night,’ is the meaning here, appears from the context. The flames lighted at evening were burnt out, so that all was dark. ἄκρᾳ σὺν ἑσπέρᾳ in Pind. Pyth. 11. 16, is explained by Dissen ‘ ad seram vesperam.’ 286. Cp. Od. 18. 307, αὐτίκα Aaun- τῆρας τρεῖς ἵστασαν ἐν μεγάροισιν, | ὄφρα φαείνοιεν, περὶ δὲ ξύλα κάγκανα θῆκαν . . καὶ δᾷδας μετέμισγον; 15. 19. 64, φόως ἔμεν ἠδὲ θέρεσθαι. 287. κενά51 ‘Objectless;’ ie. with- out apparent cause. Tecmessa knows little of what Ajax does abroad. But

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she knows that there is something strange in his going forth at night with- out a summons. 289. ἄκλητος is expanded with οὔτε —ofiTe, ‘neither—nor.’ ’ 291. ἀλλά1 i e. ‘Instead of there being an alarm of any kind.’ 292. Bal, ἀεὶ δ’ ὑμνούμενα] Few words, but to a well-known tune.’ Eur. Phoen. 438, πάλαι μὲν οὖν ὑμνηθέν, ἀλλ’ ὅμως ἐρῶ Plat. Rep. 8. 549 D, ὅσα φιλοῦσιν αἱ γυναῖκες περὶ τῶν τοιούτων ὑμνεῖν. 293. Cp. Fr. 61, ἄλλως τε καὶ κόρῃ τε κἀργείᾳ γένος, | αἷς κόσμος ἡ σιγή τε καὶ τὰ παῦρ’ ἔπη. 294· μαθοῦσ1] ‘When I perceived,’ viz. that he was not to be reasoned with. The unusual division of the line marks the reluctant desistence of Tecmessa. Cp. O. T. 1513, ib. 110, and notes. 295. w4as] ‘Misfortunes. The word is used with a vague sense of the horror of a scene, in which Ajax was no less unfortunate than his victims. 297. εὔκερών τ’ dypav] The horns

+

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+

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+

+ 285 + +

+

+ λαμπτῆρες + οὐκέτ’ + ἦθον, + dupnkes + λαβὼν + +

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+ ἐμαίετ’ + ἔγχος + ἐξόδους + ἕρπειν + κενάς. + +

+

+ o + z + +

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+ κἀγὼπιπλήσσω + kal + λέγω, + τί + χρῆμα + δρᾷς, + +

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+ 2 + 2 + +

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+ Atas; + τί + τήνδ’ + ἄκλητος + οὔθ’ + ὑπ’ + ἀγγέλων + +

+

+ κληθεὶς + ἀφορμᾷς + πεῖραν + οὔτε + του + κλύων + +

+

+ 290 + +

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+ σάλπιγγος; + ἀλλὰ + νῦν + γε + πᾶς + εὕδει + στρατός. + +

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+

+ εὔκερων] + εὔκερων + Α. + εὔκέρων + I. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 282, + 3. + ‘In + what + wise + lighted + on + you + + the + commencement + of + the + trouble? + + Tell + vs, + who + grieve + with + you + at + the + + misfortune, + what + it + is.’ + + τύχας, + continuing + the + notion + of + κακοῦ, + + is + govermed + either + (I) + both + of + δήλωσον + + and + of + ξυναλγοῦσιν, + or + (2) + of + ξυναλγοῦσιν + + only. + + 284. + Gs + κοινωνὸς + By] + As + you + are + + no + less + interested.’ + + 285. + ἄκρας + νυκτό5] + ‘At + dead + of + + night.’ + That + this, + and + not + ‘ + on + the + + verge + of + night,’ + is + the + meaning + here, + + appears + from + the + context. + The + flames + + lighted + at + evening + were + burnt + out, + so + that + + all + was + dark. + ἄκρᾳ + σὺν + ἑσπέρᾳ + in + Pind. + + Pyth. + 11. + 16, + is + explained + by + Dissen + ‘ + ad + + seram + vesperam.’ + + 286. + Cp. + αὐτίκα + Aaun- + + τῆρας + τρεῖς + ἵστασαν + ἐν + μεγάροισιν, + | + ὄφρα + + φαείνοιεν, + περὶ + δὲ + ξύλα + κάγκανα + θῆκαν + . + . + + καὶ + δᾷδας + μετέμισγον; + 15. + 19. + 64, + φόως + + ἔμεν + ἠδὲ + θέρεσθαι. + + 287. + κενά51 + ‘Objectless;’ + ie. + with- + + out + apparent + cause. + Tecmessa + knows + + little + of + what + Ajax + does + abroad. + But + +

+ Commentary +

+ she + knows + that + there + is + something + + strange + in + his + going + forth + at + night + with- + + out + a + summons. + + 289. + ἄκλητος + is + expanded + with + οὔτε + + —ofiTe, + ‘neither—nor.’ + ’ + + 291. + ἀλλά1 + i + e. + ‘Instead + of + there + + being + an + alarm + of + any + kind.’ + + 292. + Bal, + ἀεὶ + δ’ + ὑμνούμενα] + Few + + words, + but + to + a + well-known + tune.’ + + πάλαι + μὲν + οὖν + ὑμνηθέν, + ἀλλ’ + + ὅμως + ἐρῶ + ὅσα + + φιλοῦσιν + αἱ + γυναῖκες + περὶ + τῶν + τοιούτων + + ὑμνεῖν. + + 293. + Cp. + Fr. + 61, + ἄλλως + τε + καὶ + κόρῃ + + τε + κἀργείᾳ + γένος, + | + αἷς + κόσμος + ἡ + σιγή + τε + + καὶ + τὰ + παῦρ’ + ἔπη. + + 294· + μαθοῦσ1] + ‘When + I + perceived,’ + + viz. + that + he + was + not + to + be + reasoned + with. + + The + unusual + division + of + the + line + marks + + the + reluctant + desistence + of + Tecmessa. + + Cp. + ib. + 110, + and + notes. + + 295. + w4as] + ‘Misfortunes. + The + + word + is + used + with + a + vague + sense + of + the + + horror + of + a + scene, + in + which + Ajax + was + + no + less + unfortunate + than + his + victims. + + 297. + εὔκερών + τ’ + dypav] + The + horns + +

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of the sheep are the most conspicuous object as they are seen in front and from above. The objection ‘that the bulls were also horned! is absurdly logical. There is no sufficient reason for preferring the conj. εὔερον. The word describes all the cattle, small and great, excepting the bulls, which have been mentioned separately. 298. τοὺς μέν] The bulls. 299. ἐρράχιζε] "Clove in twain.’ 299, 300. ToUs δὲ δεσμίους | ἠκίζεθ’] Others as his prisoners, he tormented at his pleasure.’ As if human crea- ὥστε φῶτα5] tures. ἐν ποίμναις πίτνων] ‘Making on- sets on the cattle.’ Cp. supr. 185. 301. bngdtas διὰ θυρῶν] Issuing suddenly through the doorway.’ imé= from beneath the tent.’ σκιᾷ τινί(] In converse with some shadow.’ The dative as with διαλέ- γεσθαι. Tecmessa, not seeing or hear- ing Athena, supposes Ajax to be address- ing some ‘bodiless creation’ of his brain. Cp. Shak. Hamlet, 3, 4, "How is’t with you, That you do bend your eye on vacancy, And with the incorporal air do hold discourse ?’ 302. ἀνέσπα] ‘Heaved forth.’ Cp. Plat. Theaet. 180 A, ὥσπερ ἐκ φαρέτρας

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ῥηματίσκια αἰνυγματώδη ἀνασπῶντες ἀπο- τοξεύουσιν : Ar. Ran. 903, ῥήματα γομ- φοπαγῆ. πινακηδὸν ἀποσπῶν. 303. συντιθείς] Sc. τοῖε λόγοις. Cp. προστίθημι. 304. ὅσην . . ἰῶν] ‘What insults he had gone and wreaked upon them.’ This clause depends at once on Abyous and on γέλων. The participle adds live- liness,—"how he had gone and paid them.’ 305. endtas] L. has andtas both here and supr. 301. Supposing this were right, the same woid would be used in two different senses, ‘rushing off’ and ‘rushing back ;" but the two words, brdtas, tndtas, seem more appro- priate. 306. μόλι5 πως] ‘By slow stages.’ The phrase recalls the anxiety with which Tecmessa had watched the gra- dual awakening. Cp. Thuc. 8. 86, § 2, ἔπειτα μέντοι μόλις ἡσυχάσαντες ἤκου- σαν. 307. ‘As he cast his eye along the room, and saw that it was full of ruin.’ dri is calamity caused by infatuation. Cp. infr. 351 foll. 308. 9. ð ἐρειπίοις . . ἀρνείου φό- vou] ‘Amidst the carnage of the flock he sate, a ruin amongst ruins.’ The tautology, ἐν ἐρειπίοις ἐρειφθείς, is here

+

+ ΑΙΑΣ. + 35 + +

+

+ kal + τοὺς + μὲν + ηὐχένιζε, + τοὺς + & + ἄνω + τρέπων + +

+

+ ἔσφαζε + κἀρράχιζε, + τοὺς + δὲ + δεσμίους + +

+

+ ἠκίζεθ’ + ὥστε + φῶτας + ἐν + ποίμναις + πίτνων, + 300 + +

+

+ τέλος + δ’ + mdas + διὰ + θυρῶν + σκιᾷ + τινὶ + +

+

+ λόγους + ἀνέσπα, + τοὺς + μὲν + Ἀτρειδῶν + κάτα, + +

+

+ τοὺς + δ’ + ἀμφ’ + Ὀδυσσεῖ, + συντιθεὶς + γέλων + πολύν, + +

+

+ ὅσην + κατ’ + αὐτῶν + ὕβριν + ἐκτίσαιτ’ + ἰών· + +

+

+ κἄπειτ’ + ἐπᾷξας + αὖθις + ἐς + δόμους + πάλιν + 305 + +

+

+ ἔμφρων + μόλις + πως + ξὺν + χρόνῳ + καθίσταται, + +

+

+ καὶ + πλῆρες + ἄτης + ὡς + διοπτεύει + στέγος, + +

+

+ παίσας + kdpa + θώυξεν· + ἐν + δ’ + ἐρειπίοις + +

+

+ 299. + κἀρράχιζε] + κἀράχιζε + L. + rdppaxe + +

+

+ ACT, + 300. + molurais) + ποίμναις + L. + +

+

+ ποίμναις + A. + πίτνων] + πίτνῶν + AC. + +

+

+ 301. + tndtas) + ἀπᾶξασ + L. + ὑπάξασ + A0C. + +

+

+ ἀπάιξασ + Cs. + mg. + (lemma). + ὑπάξας + Vs. + +

+

+ Endtas + LeV. + ἐπαΐξας + TRM. + +

+

+ bmaitas + Vat. + +

+

+ ac + M. + 304. + αὐτῶν] + αὐτὸν + L. + +

+

+ αὐτῶν + C2A. + +

+

+ 305. + tadfas] + ἀπάξαις + L. + +

+

+ ἀπαίξας + CR. + GEndtas + AL7 + at. + c + V. + +

+

+ 2 + +

+

+ έπα + +

+

+ itas + Vat. + a + MM2. + 308. + ἐρειπίοις + +

+

+ ἐριπίοισ + L. + ἐρειπίοις + AC. + ἐρειπτίοις + P. + +

+ Commentary +

+ of + the + sheep + are + the + most + conspicuous + + object + as + they + are + seen + in + front + and + + from + above. + The + objection + ‘that + the + + bulls + were + also + horned! + is + absurdly + + logical. + There + is + no + sufficient + reason + + for + preferring + the + conj. + εὔερον. + The + + word + describes + all + the + cattle, + small + and + + great, + excepting + the + bulls, + which + have + + been + mentioned + separately. + + 298. + τοὺς + μέν] + The + bulls. + + 299. + ἐρράχιζε] + "Clove + in + twain.’ + + 299, + 300. + ToUs + δὲ + δεσμίους + | + ἠκίζεθ’] + + Others + as + his + prisoners, + he + tormented + + at + his + pleasure.’ + + As + if + human + crea- + + ὥστε + φῶτα5] + + tures. + + ἐν + ποίμναις + πίτνων] + ‘Making + on- + + sets + on + the + cattle.’ + Cp. + supr. + 185. + + 301. + bngdtas + διὰ + θυρῶν] + Issuing + + suddenly + through + the + doorway.’ + imé= + + from + beneath + the + tent.’ + + σκιᾷ + τινί(] + In + converse + with + some + + shadow.’ + The + dative + as + with + διαλέ- + + γεσθαι. + Tecmessa, + not + seeing + or + hear- + + ing + Athena, + supposes + Ajax + to + be + address- + + ing + some + ‘bodiless + creation’ + of + his + + brain. + Cp. + Shak. + Hamlet, + 3, + 4, + "How + + is’t + with + you, + That + you + do + bend + your + eye + + on + vacancy, + And + with + the + incorporal + + air + do + hold + discourse + ?’ + + 302. + ἀνέσπα] + ‘Heaved + forth.’ + Cp. + + Plat. + Theaet. + 180 + A, + ὥσπερ + ἐκ + φαρέτρας + +

+ Commentary +

+ ῥηματίσκια + αἰνυγματώδη + ἀνασπῶντες + ἀπο- + + τοξεύουσιν + : + Ar. + Ran. + 903, + ῥήματα + γομ- + + φοπαγῆ. + πινακηδὸν + ἀποσπῶν. + + 303. + συντιθείς] + Sc. + τοῖε + λόγοις. + Cp. + + προστίθημι. + + 304. + ὅσην + . + . + ἰῶν] + ‘What + insults + he + + had + gone + and + wreaked + upon + them.’ + + This + clause + depends + at + once + on + Abyous + + and + on + γέλων. + The + participle + adds + live- + + liness,—"how + he + had + gone + and + paid + + them.’ + + 305. + endtas] + L. + has + andtas + both + + here + and + supr. + 301. + Supposing + this + + were + right, + the + same + woid + would + be + + used + in + two + different + senses, + ‘rushing + + off’ + and + ‘rushing + back + ;" + but + the + two + + words, + brdtas, + tndtas, + seem + more + appro- + + priate. + + 306. + μόλι5 + πως] + ‘By + slow + stages.’ + + The + phrase + recalls + the + anxiety + with + + which + Tecmessa + had + watched + the + gra- + + dual + awakening. + Cp. + Thuc. + 8. + 86, + § + 2, + + ἔπειτα + μέντοι + μόλις + ἡσυχάσαντες + ἤκου- + + σαν. + + 307. + ‘As + he + cast + his + eye + along + the + + room, + and + saw + that + it + was + full + of + ruin.’ + + dri + is + calamity + caused + by + infatuation. + + Cp. + infr. + 351 + foll. + + 308. + 9. + ð + ἐρειπίοις + . + . + ἀρνείου + φό- + + vou] + ‘Amidst + the + carnage + of + the + flock + + he + sate, + a + ruin + amongst + ruins.’ + The + + tautology, + ἐν + ἐρειπίοις + ἐρειφθείς, + is + here + +

+

+ D + 2 + +

-

νεκρῶν ἐρειφθεὶς ἕζετ’ ἀρνείου φόνου, κόμην ἀπρὶξ ὄνυξι συλλαβὼν χερί. καὶ τὸν μὲν Acro πλεῖστον ἄφθογγος χρόνον· ἔπειτ’ ἐμοὶ τὰ δείν’ ἐπηπείλησ’ ἔπη, εἰ μὴ φανοίην πᾶν τὸ συντυχὸν πάθος, κἀνήρετ’ ἐν τῷ πράγματος κυροῖ ποτέ. κἀγώ, φίλοι, δείσασα, τοὐξειργασμένον ἔλεξα πᾶν ὅσονπερ ἐξηπιστάμην. ὁ δ’ εὐθὺς ἐξῴμωξεν οἰμωγὰς λυγράς, ἃς οὔποτ’ αὐτοῦ πρόσθεν εἰσήκουσ’ ἐγώ. πρὸς γὰρ κακοῦ τε καὶ βαρυψύχου γόους 1 — r . τοιούσδ’ det ποτ’ ἀνδρὸς ἐξηγεῖτ’ ἔχειν ἀλλ’ ἀψόφητος ὀξέων κωκυμάτων

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313. φανοίην] φανείην LAT. ἐρριφθεὶς Τ. 309. ἐρειφθείο] γρ. ἐρεισθεὶς C2mg. 315. δείσασα,1 sic interp. L? Vat. ac VMA. 314. κυροῖ] κύροῖ Τ,κυρεῖ ACL 317. ἐξῴμωξεν οἰμωγά] ἐξηπιστάμην A. 316. ἐξηπιστάμην] ἐξεπιστάμην L. ἐξώιμωξεν οἰμωγὰς C. ἐξώμωξεν ἀνωμώξεν αἰμωγὰς A. ἔξώιμοξεν οἰμογὰς L. 319. βαρυψύχου] βαρυψύχους L. βαρυψύχου Eaa. (w from o?) oluaryds Pal. 320. ἔχειν] εἶναι gl. Vt.

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expressive. The and genitive, ἀρνείου φόνου (see Essay on L. § 23. p. 37 a), 15 added to give greater distinctness to ἐρειπίοις verpaw as a single notion. 310. ‘With clenched nails grasping bis hair with his hand.’ ὄνυξι adds force to dnpit. 311. The order (Essay on L. 5 41. p. 76) shows that πλεῖστον is an after- thought. ‘For some while,—indeed for most of the time. 312. τὰ δείν’ . . ἔπη1] ‘Those dread- ful words,’ which I remember so vividly. Cp. Ant. 408, 74 δείν’ ἐκεῖν’ ἐπηπει- λήμένοι. Not merely, ‘Words that are dreadfu]. 313. φανοίην] Fut. opt. Ajax’ words were el μὴ pavei. 314. & τῷ mpyparos] Cp. Trach. 375. ποῦ ποτ’ εἰμὶ πράγματος ; 315. deloaca,] ‘ Being overcome with fear.’ As the deprecating φίλοι shows, Tecmessa is excusing herself to the chorus for having told Ajax, under the influence of his threats, that which only plunged him into fresh sorrow. For the participle thus used without an express object, cp. Ant. 1005, εὐθὺς δὲ δείσας ἐμπύρων ἐγευόμην. Hermann punc-

-

tuates as in the text. Others join δείσασα τοὐξειργασμένον, which is less simple. 316. ὅσονπερ ἔξηπιστάμην] For this limitation, cp. supr. 295, καὶ τὰς ἐκεῖ μὲν οὐκ ἔχω λέξαι πάθας. 319, 20. (I) He used to teach us that such complainings indicated a de- graded and leaden soul.’ The infinitive is added epexegetically to complete the abrupt expression ἐξηγεῖτο τοὺς τοιούσδε γόους πρὸς . . βαρυψύχου ἀνδρός. For ἔχειν, Sc. τοὺς τοιούσδε γόους, cp. Il. 18. 495. αὐλοὶ φόρμυγγές τε βοὴν ἔχον. (2) But an inf. after ἐξηγεῖτο is rather re- quired: cp. Aesch. Eum. 505, 6 pdoris ἐξηγεῖτό cou μητροκτονεῖν, Can ἔχειν with the adverbial phrase πρὸς . . . ar- δρός be used intransitively (="proceed from) (cvai appears as a gloss), or should ἄγειν be read,—‘"He taught us to esteem ’? Cp. Ant. 34, καὶ τὸ πρᾶγμ’ ἄγειν | οὐχ ὡς παρ’ οὐδέν. For Bapu- ψύκου it is possible that βραχυψύχου ought to be read. 321. ἀλλ’ ἀψόφητος, kT] ἀλλά opposes what follows to the general sense of what precedes. abros ὀξέων κωκυμάτων] Utter- ing no sound of shrill lamentation.’

+

+ νεκρῶν + ἐρειφθεὶς + ἕζετ’ + ἀρνείου + φόνου, + + κόμην + ἀπρὶξ + ὄνυξι + συλλαβὼν + χερί. + + καὶ + τὸν + μὲν + Acro + πλεῖστον + ἄφθογγος + χρόνον· + + ἔπειτ’ + ἐμοὶ + τὰ + δείν’ + ἐπηπείλησ’ + ἔπη, + + εἰ + μὴ + φανοίην + πᾶν + τὸ + συντυχὸν + πάθος, + + κἀνήρετ’ + ἐν + τῷ + πράγματος + κυροῖ + ποτέ. + + κἀγώ, + φίλοι, + δείσασα, + τοὐξειργασμένον + + ἔλεξα + πᾶν + ὅσονπερ + ἐξηπιστάμην. + + ὁ + δ’ + εὐθὺς + ἐξῴμωξεν + οἰμωγὰς + λυγράς, + + ἃς + οὔποτ’ + αὐτοῦ + πρόσθεν + εἰσήκουσ’ + ἐγώ. + + πρὸς + γὰρ + κακοῦ + τε + καὶ + βαρυψύχου + γόους + + 1 + — + r + . + + τοιούσδ’ + det + ποτ’ + ἀνδρὸς + ἐξηγεῖτ’ + ἔχειν + + ἀλλ’ + ἀψόφητος + ὀξέων + κωκυμάτων + +

+ Critical Apparatus +

+ 313. + φανοίην] + φανείην + LAT. + + ἐρριφθεὶς + Τ. + + 309. + ἐρειφθείο] + γρ. + ἐρεισθεὶς + C2mg. + + 315. + δείσασα,1 + sic + interp. + L? + Vat. + ac + VMA. + + 314. + κυροῖ] + κύροῖ + Τ,κυρεῖ + ACL + + 317. + ἐξῴμωξεν + οἰμωγά] + + ἐξηπιστάμην + A. + + 316. + ἐξηπιστάμην] + ἐξεπιστάμην + L. + + ἐξώιμωξεν + οἰμωγὰς + C. + ἐξώμωξεν + + ἀνωμώξεν + αἰμωγὰς + A. + + ἔξώιμοξεν + οἰμογὰς + L. + + 319. + βαρυψύχου] + βαρυψύχους + L. + βαρυψύχου + Eaa. + + (w + from + o?) + oluaryds + Pal. + + 320. + ἔχειν] + εἶναι + gl. + Vt. + +

+ Commentary +

+ expressive. + The + and + genitive, + ἀρνείου + + φόνου + (see + Essay + on + L. + § + 23. + p. + 37 + a), + 15 + + added + to + give + greater + distinctness + to + + ἐρειπίοις + verpaw + as + a + single + notion. + + 310. + ‘With + clenched + nails + grasping + + bis + hair + with + his + hand.’ + ὄνυξι + adds + + force + to + dnpit. + + 311. + The + order + (Essay + on + L. + 5 + 41. + + p. + 76) + shows + that + πλεῖστον + is + an + after- + + thought. + ‘For + some + while,—indeed + for + + most + of + the + time. + + 312. + τὰ + δείν’ + . + . + ἔπη1] + ‘Those + dread- + + ful + words,’ + which + I + remember + so + vividly. + + Cp. + Ant. + 408, + 74 + δείν’ + ἐκεῖν’ + ἐπηπει- + + λήμένοι. + Not + merely, + ‘Words + that + + are + dreadfu]. + + 313. + φανοίην] + Fut. + opt. + + Ajax’ + + words + were + el + μὴ + pavei. + + 314. + & + τῷ + mpyparos] + Cp. + Trach. + + 375. + ποῦ + ποτ’ + εἰμὶ + πράγματος + ; + + 315. + deloaca,] + ‘ + Being + overcome + + with + fear.’ + As + the + deprecating + φίλοι + + shows, + Tecmessa + is + excusing + herself + to + + the + chorus + for + having + told + Ajax, + under + + the + influence + of + his + threats, + that + which + + only + plunged + him + into + fresh + sorrow. + + For + the + participle + thus + used + without + an + + express + object, + cp. + Ant. + 1005, + εὐθὺς + δὲ + + δείσας + ἐμπύρων + ἐγευόμην. + Hermann + punc- + +

+ Commentary +

+ tuates + as + in + the + text. + Others + join + δείσασα + + τοὐξειργασμένον, + which + is + less + simple. + + 316. + ὅσονπερ + ἔξηπιστάμην] + For + + this + limitation, + cp. + supr. + 295, + καὶ + τὰς + + ἐκεῖ + μὲν + οὐκ + ἔχω + λέξαι + πάθας. + + 319, + 20. + (I) + He + used + to + teach + us + + that + such + complainings + indicated + a + de- + + graded + and + leaden + soul.’ + The + infinitive + + is + added + epexegetically + to + complete + the + + abrupt + expression + ἐξηγεῖτο + τοὺς + τοιούσδε + + γόους + πρὸς + . + . + βαρυψύχου + ἀνδρός. + For + + ἔχειν, + Sc. + τοὺς + τοιούσδε + γόους, + cp. + Il. + 18. + + 495. + αὐλοὶ + φόρμυγγές + τε + βοὴν + ἔχον. + (2) + + But + an + inf. + after + ἐξηγεῖτο + is + rather + re- + + quired: + cp. + Aesch. + Eum. + 505, + 6 + pdoris + + ἐξηγεῖτό + cou + μητροκτονεῖν, + Can + ἔχειν + + with + the + adverbial + phrase + πρὸς + . + . + . + ar- + + δρός + be + used + intransitively + (="proceed + + from) + (cvai + appears + as + a + gloss), + or + + should + ἄγειν + be + read,—‘"He + taught + us + + to + esteem + ’? + Cp. + Ant. + 34, + καὶ + τὸ + πρᾶγμ’ + + ἄγειν + | + οὐχ + ὡς + παρ’ + οὐδέν. + For + Bapu- + + ψύκου + it + is + possible + that + βραχυψύχου + + ought + to + be + read. + + 321. + ἀλλ’ + ἀψόφητος, + kT] + ἀλλά + + opposes + what + follows + to + the + general + + sense + of + what + precedes. + + abros + ὀξέων + κωκυμάτων] + Utter- + + ing + no + sound + of + shrill + lamentation.’ + +

-

322. ‘He breathed deep groans like a lowing bull.’ ὑπὸ in comp. implies not loud, but deep.’ 323. νῦν δ] At first he uttered shrill lamentings, unlike the deep mutterings which before expressed his discontent. But now he is silent. κείμενο] ‘Prostrate.’ OCp. supr. 207, infr. 427. 325. fouxes] ‘Without sound or motion.’ The quietness of Ajax’ pre- sent mood is ominous. This description prepares the spectator for what he is to see infr. 346. 327. Τοιαῦτα] Sc. ὥς τι δρασείων κακόν. Tecmessa already apprehends the danger of suicide. 329. εἰσελθόντε5])] When Ajax is discovered by the ἐκκύκλημα, infr. 346, this is equivalent to the scene being changed to within the hut. : 330. oĩ τοιοίδε] · Men in such mood; i e. gloomily bent on self-destruction. Aos] This word, to be joined with hav, is restored from the quota- tion of Stobaeus. The reading of the

-

MSS. is hardly possible. Abyois may have been lest from its similarity to λέγεις in the termination of the next line, and pAo may have been added to supply the gap. 331. On the order, see Essay on LI. §5 41. P. 1. 332. ‘That our hero is frenzied with his trouble.’ The mariners apprehend that the madness of Ajax is in some way connected with his disappointment. Cp. infr. 925-32. ἡμῖν is dative of the person interested. See Essay on L. § 13. p. 19f, and cp. supr. 216, ἡμὶν ὁ uAewos | Alas ἀπελωβήθη; infr. 733, ἀλλ’ ἡμὶν Alas ποῦστιν, ὡς φράσω τάδε; κακοῖς] Supr. 275, infr. 532. 233. The voice of Ajax is heard fiom within. 334. μᾶλλον] Sc. δεινά σοι λέξω, or γνώσεσθε ταῦτα. 335. οἵαν] She judges from the in- tonation of the cry,—which the chorus, infr. 337, do not know whether to interpret as importing madness or grief.

+

+ ΑΙΑΣ. + 37 + +

+

+ ὑπεστέναζε + ταῦρος + ὢς + βρυχώμενος. + +

+

+ νῦν + δ’ + ἐν + τοιᾷδε + κείμενος + κακῇ + τύχῃ + +

+

+ ἄσιτος + ἁνήρ, + ἄποτος, + ἐν + μέσοις + βοτοῖς + +

+

+ σιδηροκμῆσιν + ἥσυχος + θακεῖ + πεσών. + 325 + +

+

+ καὶ + δῆλός + ἐστιν + ὥς + TL + δρασείων + κακόν. + +

+

+ τοιαῦτα + γάρ + πως + καὶ + λέγει + κὠδύρεται. + +

+

+ ἀλλ’, + ὦ + φίλοι, + τούτων + γὰρ + οὕνεκ’ + ἐστάλην, + +

+

+ [ + +

+

+ [5 + a. + +

+

+ ἀρήξατ’ + εἰσελθόντες, + εἰ + δύνασθέ + τι, + +

+

+ φίλων + γὰρ + οἱ + τοιοίδε + νικῶνται + λόγοις. + 330 + +

+

+ ΧΟ. + +

+

+ Τέκμησσα + δεινὰ + παῖ + Τελεύταντος + λέγεις + +

+

+ ἡμῖν + τὸν + ἄνδρα + διαπεφοιβάσθαι + κακοῖς. + +

+

+ ΑΙ. + ἰώ + μοί + μοι. + +

+

+ TE. + +

+

+ τάχ’, + ὡς + ἔοικε, + μᾶλλον· + ἢ + οὐκ + ἠκούσατε + +

+

+ ; + 1 + 2 + +

+

+ Atavros + olav + τήνδε + θωύΐσσει + βοήν; + 335 + +

+

+ ΑΙ. + ἰώ + μοί + μοι. + +

+

+ 324, + 337. + 344. + ἀνήρ] + ἀνὴρ + L. + +

+

+ 324. + θοτοῖς] + βροτοῖς + L. + βοτοῖς + CA + Pal. + +

+

+ 325. + θακεῖ] + θάκει + L. + θακεῖ + AC. + 326. + κακόν] + κακων + L. + κακὸν + C. + κακόν + A. + +

+

+ 329. + δύνασθέ] + δύνασθαι + L. + δύνασθε + Cs. + δύνασθέ + A. + 330. + Abyois] + φίλοι + MSS. + +

+

+ Abyous + Stobaeus. + 332. + διαπεφοιβάσθαι] + διαπεφοιβᾶσθαι + L. + διαπεφοιβάσθαι + A. + +

+

+ 333, + 326, + 285. + uot + μοι] + μοι + μοί + L. + μοι + μοι + A. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 322. + ‘He + breathed + deep + groans + like + + a + lowing + bull.’ + ὑπὸ + in + comp. + implies + + not + loud, + but + deep.’ + + 323. + νῦν + δ] + At + first + he + uttered + shrill + + lamentings, + unlike + the + deep + mutterings + + which + before + expressed + his + discontent. + + But + now + he + is + silent. + + κείμενο] + ‘Prostrate.’ + OCp. + + supr. + + 207, + infr. + 427. + + 325. + fouxes] + ‘Without + sound + or + + motion.’ + The + quietness + of + Ajax’ + pre- + + sent + mood + is + ominous. + This + description + + prepares + the + spectator + for + what + he + is + to + + see + infr. + 346. + + 327. + Τοιαῦτα] + Sc. + ὥς + τι + δρασείων + + κακόν. + Tecmessa + already + apprehends + + the + danger + of + suicide. + + 329. + εἰσελθόντε5])] + When + Ajax + is + + discovered + by + the + ἐκκύκλημα, + infr. + 346, + + this + is + equivalent + to + the + scene + being + + changed + to + within + the + hut. + : + + 330. + oĩ + τοιοίδε] + · + Men + in + such + mood; + + i + e. + gloomily + bent + on + self-destruction. + + Aos] + This + word, + to + be + joined + + with + hav, + is + restored + from + the + quota- + + tion + of + Stobaeus. + The + reading + of + the + +

+ Commentary +

+ MSS. + is + hardly + possible. + Abyois + may + + have + been + lest + from + its + similarity + to + + λέγεις + in + the + termination + of + the + next + line, + + and + pAo + may + have + been + added + to + supply + + the + gap. + + 331. + On + the + order, + see + Essay + on + LI. + + §5 + 41. + P. + 1. + + 332. + ‘That + our + hero + is + frenzied + with + + his + trouble.’ + The + mariners + apprehend + + that + the + madness + of + Ajax + is + in + some + + way + connected + with + his + disappointment. + + Cp. + infr. + 925-32. + ἡμῖν + is + dative + of + the + + person + interested. + See + Essay + on + L. + + § + 13. + p. + 19f, + and + cp. + supr. + 216, + ἡμὶν + + ὁ + uAewos + | + Alas + ἀπελωβήθη; + infr. + 733, + + ἀλλ’ + ἡμὶν + Alas + ποῦστιν, + ὡς + φράσω + τάδε; + + κακοῖς] + Supr. + 275, + infr. + 532. + + 233. + The + voice + of + Ajax + is + heard + fiom + + within. + + 334. + μᾶλλον] + Sc. + δεινά + σοι + λέξω, + or + + γνώσεσθε + ταῦτα. + + 335. + οἵαν] + She + judges + from + the + in- + + tonation + of + the + cry,—which + the + chorus, + + infr. + 337, + do + not + know + whether + to + + interpret + as + importing + madness + or + + grief. + +

-

337. ἢ τοῖς . . παρών] ‘"Or to grieve at witnessing the effects of past madness which remain with him.’ Cp. supr. 307. The addition of rapiw suggests that Ajax, seeing the carnage in the tent, is the eye witness of his own madness. 339. Ajax calls upon Teucer. παῖ is frequently addressed by an elder per- son to a younger,— even by the Corin- thian messenger to Oedipus, O. T. 1008, and by Electra (under excitement) to the supposed Phocian stranger, El 1220. The picture in the Iliad, 8. 271, of Teucer retiring behind the shield of Ajax. παῖς ὡς ὑπὸ unrépa, snggests that Teucer was the younger brother. And it is natural to suppose Ajax to have been born before Telamon’s ex- pedition in which he won Hesione, the mother of Teucer.—According to Pindar in the fifth (or sixth) Isthmian ode, Ajax was given to Telamon in answer to the prayer of Heracles before the expedition. But in such details the legends are not constant. See O. C. 275. and note, Lycophr. 445 and schol. —The need of Teucer’s presence is Ajax’ first thought on coming to himself. Tec- messa at first thinks of the child, until, in 1. 342, Ajax calls Teucer by name. He does not ask to see the child till

-

1. 530, after his attention has been vividly drawn that way by Tecmessa. 341. τάλαιν’ ἐγῶώ] Tecmessa is dis- tracted between the fear of crossing Ajax and the fear of harm to the child. The division of the line helps to mark this distraction of the wife and mother. 343. λεηλατήσει] Teucer is gone foraging into the Mysian highlands, infr. 720. Compare Thue. 1. 11; φαίνον- ται. ap a τῆς Χερσονήσου ia τόμνοι καὶ λῃστείαν τῆς τροφῆς ἀπορίᾳ. ἐγὼ ‘While that I. 345. k4w ἐμοὶ βλέψα] ‘Even at me. on seeing me.’ The abrupt expres- sion αἰδῶ Καβεῖν ἐπί τινι, is supple- mented by the addition of the participle, ie. els ἐμὲ βλέψας. αἰδώς is the feeling which prompts σωφροσύνη. 346. ἐκκύκλημα. Ajax is disclosed with signs of slaughter about him. He is sitting upright. The slaughtered sheep are the evidence of his situation (τὰ τοῦδε πράγη); his wild, dishevelled appearance betrays the condition of his mind (αὐτὸς ὧε ἔχων κυρεῖ). 348 foll. The lyrical numbers of this commos are chiefly dochmiac, mixed with iambic and trochaic thythms, which increase in the third strophe and anti- strophe. The scheme is the following:-

-

— 2 8 2 veenw. —7 IINTSE Iamb. — — — — —— Logaoed. 5 tuuto--

+

+ 38 + ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

+

+ ἁνὴρ + ἔοικεν + ἢ + νοσεῖν, + ἢ + τοῖς + πάλαι + +

+

+ - + 4 + - + 2 + +

+

+ νοσήμασι + ξυνοῦσι + λυπεῖσθαι + παρών. + +

+

+ 2 + — + 2 + z + +

+

+ ΑΙ + ἰὼ + παῖ + παῖ. + +

+

+ duot + TdAV + +

+

+ f + z + ». + +

+

+ Εὐρύσακες, + ἀμφὶ + σοὶ + Bod. + +

+

+ 340 + +

+

+ , + 2 + +

+

+ ou + mor + εἰς + τάλαιν· + εγω. + +

+

+ 2 + 27 + z + r + Z + +

+

+ TL + ποτε + μενοινᾳ; + +

+

+ Al. + Τεῦκρον + καλῶ. + ποῦ + Τεῦκρος; + +

+

+ A + . + 4 + +

+

+ 7 + τὸν + εἰσαει + +

+

+ λεηλατήσει + χρόνον; + +

+

+ ἐγὼ + δ’ + ἀπόλλυμαι. + +

+

+ ΧΟ. + +

+

+ ἁνὴρ + φρονεῖν + ἔοικεν. + +

+

+ 3 + X + 7 + f + +

+

+ ἀλλ’ + ἀνοίγετε, + +

+

+ τάχ’ + ἄν + τιν’ + αἰδῶ + κἀπ’ + ἐμοὶ + βλέψας + λάβοι. + +

+

+ 345 + +

+

+ ΤΕ. + +

+

+ ἰδού, + διοίγω· + προσβλέπειν + δ’ + ἔξεστί + σοι + +

+

+ 76 + τοῦδε + πράγη, + KAUTOS + ὡς + EXOV + KUPEL. + +

+

+ A + a + z + r + 3 + r” + 7 + +

+

+ 344. + ἔοικεν]ὔ + ἔοικε + L. + ἔοικεν + ACT. + +

+

+ 345. + κἀπ’] + χάπ’ + L. + κάπ’ + CA. + χπ’ + Pal. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 337. + ἢ + τοῖς + . + . + παρών] + ‘"Or + to + grieve + + at + witnessing + the + effects + of + past + madness + + which + remain + with + him.’ + Cp. + supr. + 307. + + The + addition + of + rapiw + suggests + that + + Ajax, + seeing + the + carnage + in + the + tent, + is + + the + eye + witness + of + his + own + madness. + + 339. + Ajax + calls + upon + Teucer. + παῖ + + is + frequently + addressed + by + an + elder + per- + + son + to + a + younger,— + even + by + the + Corin- + + thian + messenger + to + Oedipus, + + and + by + Electra + (under + excitement) + to + + the + supposed + Phocian + stranger, + + The + picture + in + the + + 1220. + + + of + Teucer + retiring + behind + the + shield + + of + Ajax. + παῖς + ὡς + ὑπὸ + unrépa, + snggests + + that + Teucer + was + the + younger + brother. + + And + it + is + natural + to + suppose + Ajax + to + + have + been + born + before + Telamon’s + ex- + + pedition + in + which + he + won + Hesione, + the + + mother + of + Teucer.—According + to + Pindar + + in + + Ajax + was + given + to + Telamon + in + answer + + to + the + prayer + of + Heracles + before + the + + expedition. + But + in + such + details + the + + legends + are + not + constant. + See + + and + note, + Lycophr. + 445 + and + schol. + + —The + need + of + Teucer’s + presence + is + Ajax’ + + first + thought + on + coming + to + himself. + Tec- + + messa + at + first + thinks + of + the + child, + until, + + in + 1. + 342, + Ajax + calls + Teucer + by + name. + + He + does + not + ask + to + see + the + child + till + +

+ Commentary +

+ 1. + 530, + after + his + attention + has + been + vividly + + drawn + that + way + by + Tecmessa. + + 341. + τάλαιν’ + ἐγῶώ] + Tecmessa + is + dis- + + tracted + between + the + fear + of + crossing + + Ajax + and + the + fear + of + harm + to + the + child. + + The + division + of + the + line + helps + to + mark + + this + distraction + of + the + wife + and + mother. + + 343. + λεηλατήσει] + Teucer + is + gone + + foraging + into + the + Mysian + highlands, + + infr. + 720. + Compare + Thue. + 1. + 11; + φαίνον- + + ται. + ap + a + τῆς + Χερσονήσου + ia + + τόμνοι + καὶ + λῃστείαν + τῆς + τροφῆς + ἀπορίᾳ. + + ἐγὼ + ‘While + that + I. + + 345. + k4w + ἐμοὶ + βλέψα] + ‘Even + at + + me. + on + seeing + me.’ + The + abrupt + expres- + + sion + αἰδῶ + Καβεῖν + ἐπί + τινι, + is + supple- + + mented + by + the + addition + of + the + participle, + + ie. + els + ἐμὲ + βλέψας. + αἰδώς + is + the + feeling + + which + prompts + σωφροσύνη. + + 346. + ἐκκύκλημα. + Ajax + is + disclosed + + with + signs + of + slaughter + about + him. + He + + is + sitting + upright. + The + slaughtered + + sheep + are + the + evidence + of + his + situation + + (τὰ + τοῦδε + πράγη); + his + wild, + dishevelled + + appearance + betrays + the + condition + of + his + + mind + (αὐτὸς + ὧε + ἔχων + κυρεῖ). + + 348 + foll. + The + lyrical + numbers + of + this + + commos + are + chiefly + dochmiac, + mixed + + with + iambic + and + trochaic + thythms, + which + + increase + in + the + third + strophe + and + anti- + + strophe. + The + scheme + is + the + following:- + +

+ Commentary +

+ — + + 2 + 8 + 2 + + veenw. + —7 + + IINTSE + + Iamb. + — + — + — + — + —— + + Logaoed. + 5 + tuuto-- + +

-

15550. bin. ′ 2——222—— D — — ——— B. f TEASEE Dochm. SEAs. | SIA =. ( — —2— — — 5—2—2——22 Iamb. trim. ———-240 S— — 2-22— 25— EEAIE 9u 7 Logaoed. ——5, —— 2— — S340— EAES. ———2——— —— ——22——— V . — Dochm. SGa „ L—- - Iamb. ñ ——— 53— 28— Logaoed. —— — — Iamb. EA ——— = — —— Logaoed. () gfout LL — EA — — -——7 ran. —— — i5-‘tu-ut-vu Adon. —— mn. iin · ——77— S——

-

The arrangement of the latter part of γ′ is rendered doubtful by the manifest corruption of Il. 406, 7. Perhaps- εἰ τἀμὰ μὲν φθίνει, φίλοι, πάλαι· μώραιε δ’ ἄγραισι ταῖσδ’ ὁμοῦ προσκεί- μεθα. Hto- ct 1 ) 2 2 v = —— 8—2 v

-

And in the antistrophe, 424, 5, τόδ’ ἐξερῶ μέγ’ οἷον οὔτινα Tpola στρατοῦ δέρχθη χθονὸς μολόντ’ ἀπό. Or, reading τάδε for 74, and omitting τοῖσδ’ ὁμοῦ, στρατοῦ, and ἀπό,- εἰ τάδε μὲν φθίνει, φίλοι, πάλαι· μώραις δ’ ἄγραις προσκείμεθα, | πᾶς . .

+

+ 39 + +

+

+ Al. + στρ. + d. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 15550. + bin. + ′ + 2——222—— + + D + — + — + ——— + + B. + + f + TEASEE + + Dochm. + SEAs. + + | + SIA + =. + + ( + — + —2— + — + — + + 5—2—2——22 + + Iamb. + trim. + ———-240 + + S— + — + + 2-22— + 25— + + EEAIE + + 9u + 7 + + Logaoed. + ——5, + + —— + 2— + — + S340— + + EAES. + + ———2——— + + —— + ——22——— + + V + + . + — + + Dochm. + SGa + „ + + L—- + - + + Iamb. + ñ + ——— + + 53— + 28— + + Logaoed. + —— + — + — + + Iamb. + EA + ——— + + = + — + + —— + + Logaoed. + () + gfout + LL + — + + EA + + — + — + + -——7 + + ran. + —— + — + + i5-‘tu-ut-vu + + Adon. + —— + + mn. + iin + · + ——77— + + S—— + +

+ Commentary +

+ The + arrangement + of + the + latter + part + of + + γ′ + is + rendered + doubtful + by + the + manifest + + corruption + of + Il. + 406, + 7. + Perhaps- + + εἰ + τἀμὰ + μὲν + φθίνει, + φίλοι, + πάλαι· + + μώραιε + δ’ + ἄγραισι + ταῖσδ’ + ὁμοῦ + προσκεί- + + μεθα. + + Hto- + ct + + 1 + + ) + + 2 + 2 + v + = + + —— + 8—2 + v + +

+ Commentary +

+ And + in + the + antistrophe, + 424, + 5, + + τόδ’ + ἐξερῶ + μέγ’ + οἷον + οὔτινα + + Tpola + στρατοῦ + δέρχθη + χθονὸς + μολόντ’ + + ἀπό. + + Or, + reading + τάδε + for + 74, + and + omitting + + τοῖσδ’ + ὁμοῦ, + στρατοῦ, + and + ἀπό,- + + εἰ + τάδε + μὲν + φθίνει, + φίλοι, + πάλαι· + + μώραις + δ’ + ἄγραις + προσκείμεθα, + | + πᾶς + . + . + +

-

φίλοι ναυβάται, μόνοι ἐμῶν φίλων, 2 ubvo x ἐμμένοντες ὀρθῷ νόμῳ, z 7 2 a z ἰδεσθέ μ’ οἷον ἄρτι κῦμα φοινίας ὑπὸ ζάλης 5 ἀμφίδρομον κυκλεῖται. XO. οἴμ’ ὡς ἔοικας ὀρθὰ μαρτυρεῖν ἄγαν. δηλοῖ δὲ τοὔργον ὡς ἀφροντίστως ἔχει. ΑΙ ἀντ. α. ἰὼ γένος valas ἀρωγὸν τέχνας, Kdhov ὃς ἐπέβας ἑλίσσων πλάταν, 2 2 2. σέ τοι σέ τοι ubvov δέδορκα ποιμένων mapkaort

-

359. ἅλιον] ἁλίαν μόνοι ἔτ’ Herm. corr. 350. μόνοι ἔτ’] μόνοι τ’ MSS. MSS. Herm. corr.

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Fouto ——--2—— . ..) ’ and- ἐξερέω μέγ’, oov οὔτινα Τροία xbovòs δέρχθη μολόνθ’| BA.. See note on 405 foll. 348 foll. Ajax at once perceives the mariners. ‘The great rage, you see, is killed in him,' but the ground-swell of nis passion is still heard. 349. μόνοι ἐμῶν φίλων] Sc. παρόντες, or some such word, which is expanded in whHat follows. 350. ὀρθῷ νόμῳ] Sc. τῷ τῆε φιλίας. 351. ἴδεσθέ μ’ οἷον, κιτιλ.1με 15 to be taken (1) after ἴδεσθε, and (2) after ἀμφίδρομον κυκλεῖται, the latter being a picturesque expansion of ἀμφικυκλεῖται, φοινίας ὑπὸζάλη] ‘Lashed by a cruel storm.’ ζάλη is a squall accompanied with rain or hail. The surge surround- ing Ajax is the heap of mangled victims, together with the horror which they symbolize. For the boldness of this image, cp. El. 733, κλύδων’ ἔφιππον ἐν μέσῷ κυκώμενον. 354, 5. ‘Alas1 It is clear thou art too true a witness.’ The chorus do not immediately respond to Ajax: but, being horror-struck at what they see, express their reflections on the situation to Tecmessa. The description she has given is only too true. The meaning of uaprupev and the coldness of 1. 355, as addressed to Ajax, prove this to be the right way of understanding the words.

-

355. ὡς ἀφροντίστως ἔχει] (I) How far he is from sane,’ sc. 6 Alas, replying to supr. 247. Or possibly (2), sc. τοῦρ- γον, iHow little of sane thought is pre- sent in it.’/‘Indeed, the fact declares that thought has had no part in what is done.’ For the transference of a per- sonal attribute from the agent to the act, cp. O. C. 240, o77, 76 γ’ ἅκον πρᾶγμα; Aesch. Ag. 1377, ἀγὼν . . οὐκ ἀφρόντιστος. Notandus euphemismus ἀφροντίστως pro μανικῶς,’ Herm. Cp. Shak. King Lear, 4. 6. 81, ‘The safer sense will neer accommodate | His master thus.’ 356. yévos.. τέχνα53] "O brother- band of helpers, who belp by shipcraft.’ vaias . . réxvas is a descriptive geni- tive explaining ἀρωγόν. 357. ‘Who didst go on board the ship and ply’ (ἑλίσσων proleplic) - the oar of the sea,’ viz. in coming to Troy. A change in the MS. reading is neces- sary. Some prefer to read ὃς ἁλίαν Bas, ‘Who camest plying, etc. ναῦν, suggested by nmAd7av, is to be supplied with répas. 360. (I) Ajax, although recovering his sanity, is still haunted by the impressions of the night, and the sight of the mari- ners reminds him of the shepherds, who had failed to defend the flock (supr. 27, 232). Begging for death from them, he bids them do what the shepherds could not. (Shak. Ant. and Cleo. 4. 14, ‘Shall I do that which all the Parthian darts | Though enemy, lost aim, and could ποι ‘In thee I

+

+ φίλοι + ναυβάται, + μόνοι + ἐμῶν + φίλων, + + 2 + + ubvo + x + ἐμμένοντες + ὀρθῷ + νόμῳ, + + z + 7 + 2 + a + z + + ἰδεσθέ + μ’ + οἷον + ἄρτι + κῦμα + φοινίας + ὑπὸ + ζάλης + + 5 + ἀμφίδρομον + κυκλεῖται. + + XO. + οἴμ’ + ὡς + ἔοικας + ὀρθὰ + μαρτυρεῖν + ἄγαν. + + δηλοῖ + δὲ + τοὔργον + ὡς + ἀφροντίστως + ἔχει. + + ΑΙ + ἀντ. + α. + ἰὼ + + γένος + valas + ἀρωγὸν + τέχνας, + + Kdhov + ὃς + ἐπέβας + ἑλίσσων + πλάταν, + + 2 + 2 + 2. + + σέ + τοι + σέ + τοι + ubvov + δέδορκα + ποιμένων + mapkaort + +

+ Critical Apparatus +

+ 359. + ἅλιον] + ἁλίαν + + μόνοι + ἔτ’ + Herm. + corr. + + 350. + μόνοι + ἔτ’] + μόνοι + τ’ + MSS. + + MSS. + Herm. + corr. + +

+ Commentary +

+ Fouto + + ——--2—— + . + ..) + + ’ + + and- + + ἐξερέω + μέγ’, + oov + οὔτινα + + Τροία + xbovòs + δέρχθη + μολόνθ’| + BA.. + + See + note + on + 405 + foll. + + 348 + foll. + Ajax + at + once + perceives + the + + mariners. + ‘The + great + rage, + you + see, + is + + killed + in + him,' + but + the + ground-swell + of + + nis + passion + is + still + heard. + + 349. + μόνοι + ἐμῶν + φίλων] + Sc. + παρόντες, + + or + some + such + word, + which + is + expanded + + in + whHat + follows. + + 350. + ὀρθῷ + νόμῳ] + Sc. + τῷ + τῆε + φιλίας. + + 351. + ἴδεσθέ + μ’ + οἷον, + κιτιλ.1με + 15 + to + + be + taken + (1) + after + ἴδεσθε, + and + (2) + after + + ἀμφίδρομον + κυκλεῖται, + the + latter + being + a + + picturesque + expansion + of + ἀμφικυκλεῖται, + + φοινίας + ὑπὸζάλη] + ‘Lashed + by + a + cruel + + storm.’ + ζάλη + is + a + squall + accompanied + + with + rain + or + hail. + The + surge + surround- + + ing + Ajax + is + the + heap + of + mangled + victims, + + together + with + the + horror + which + they + + symbolize. + For + the + boldness + of + this + + image, + cp. + κλύδων’ + ἔφιππον + ἐν + + μέσῷ + κυκώμενον. + + 354, + 5. + ‘Alas1 + It + is + clear + thou + art + + too + true + a + witness.’ + The + chorus + do + not + + immediately + respond + to + Ajax: + but, + + being + horror-struck + at + what + they + see, + + express + their + reflections + on + the + situation + + to + Tecmessa. + The + description + she + has + + given + is + only + too + true. + The + meaning + + of + uaprupev + and + the + coldness + of + 1. + 355, + + as + addressed + to + Ajax, + prove + this + to + be + + the + right + way + of + understanding + the + + words. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 355. + ὡς + ἀφροντίστως + ἔχει] + (I) + How + + far + he + is + from + sane,’ + sc. + 6 + Alas, + replying + + to + supr. + 247. + Or + possibly + (2), + sc. + τοῦρ- + + γον, + iHow + little + of + sane + thought + is + pre- + + sent + in + it.’/‘Indeed, + the + fact + declares + + that + thought + has + had + no + part + in + what + is + + done.’ + For + the + transference + of + a + per- + + sonal + attribute + from + the + agent + to + the + + act, + cp. + 76 + γ’ + ἅκον + + πρᾶγμα; + ἀγὼν + . + . + οὐκ + + ἀφρόντιστος. + Notandus + euphemismus + + ἀφροντίστως + pro + μανικῶς,’ + Herm. + Cp. + + Shak. + King + Lear, + 4. + 6. + 81, + ‘The + safer + + sense + will + neer + accommodate + | + His + + master + thus.’ + + 356. + yévos.. + τέχνα53] + "O + brother- + + band + of + helpers, + who + belp + by + shipcraft.’ + + vaias + . + . + réxvas + is + a + descriptive + geni- + + tive + explaining + ἀρωγόν. + + 357. + ‘Who + didst + go + on + board + the + + ship + and + ply’ + (ἑλίσσων + proleplic) + - + the + + oar + of + the + sea,’ + viz. + in + coming + to + Troy. + + A + change + in + the + MS. + reading + is + neces- + + sary. + Some + prefer + to + read + ὃς + ἁλίαν + + Bas, + ‘Who + camest + plying, + etc. + ναῦν, + + suggested + by + nmAd7av, + is + to + be + supplied + + with + répas. + + 360. + (I) + Ajax, + although + recovering + his + + sanity, + is + still + haunted + by + the + impressions + + of + the + night, + and + the + sight + of + the + mari- + + ners + reminds + him + of + the + shepherds, + who + + had + failed + to + defend + the + flock + (supr. + + 27, + 232). + Begging + for + death + from + them, + + he + bids + them + do + what + the + shepherds + + could + not. + (Shak. + Ant. + and + Cleo. + 4. + + 14, + ‘Shall + I + do + that + which + all + the + + Parthian + darts + | + Though + enemy, + lost + + aim, + and + could + ποι + ‘In + thee + I + +

-

behold the only shepherd to support the flock ; come, lay me dead beside them !’ This explanation has the advantage of supposing only one ellipse with both verbs, viz. rfi ποίμνῃ. In this case μόνον ποιμένων is to be explained as an idiomatic expression, in which, as in μόνος τῶν ἄλλων, the privative word has a negative force: ie. You, and not the shepherds, shall avenge the sheep. Cp. Ant. 773, ἔρημος . . στίβος. (The sense might be made clearer by read- ing ποιμνίοις for ποιμένων,) Others (2) suppose ‘"shepherds " to be put figura- tively for "comforters,’ or (3) take ποι- μένων as gen. obj. = "to defend thy lord.’ Others conjecture πημονὰν ἐπαρκέσοντ’, πημονῶν dpros ὄντ’, 363. ‘Do not (1) aggravate the blow of disaster;" or (2) "Make the sorrow worse than the calamity.’ For the whole sentence, cp. Thuc. 5. 65, κακὸν κακῷ ἰᾶσθαι; O. C. 438. 366. ‘Redoubtable in valour amongst harmless beasts.’ For ἐν, cp. infr. 1315, μᾶλλον 'v ἐμοὶ θρασύς. The phrase a6Bois θηρσί is clearly an oxymoron, but has been diversely explained either as (1) ‘harmless’ (τοῖς μὴ φόβον ἐμ- ποιοῦσι, Schol.), or (2) ‘ game that flies

-

not’ (" quibus sanus quisque parcit, non solum quia nihil periculi nobis creant sed etiam quia fidei nostrae confidunt.’ Lobeck.) The former is more in point. Ajax had been valiant where no fear was.’ His prey was even less glorious than the boar or lion, which, though not human, are still formidable. 367. olov] Sc. γέλωτα. ‘What insult- ing mockery has been heaped on me ’ 369. The sight of Tecmessa, whom he must abandon, provokes Ajax to new rage. He first breaks forth on her impatiently, and then laments aloud. In what follows he is regardless both of her and the chorus. 373. 6s xept μέν] For the position of uév, which belongs properly to the verb, see Essay on L. § 41. pp. 78. 9. The instrumental dative is used, with a fore- feeling of the latter part of the sentence, for ἐκχερός. Mr. Jebb understands Ajax to mean that he had let off the Greeks in respect of personal chastisement, and merely damaged them in property.’ But this softens the antithesis too much. The difficulty may be avoided by read- ing (with Schndw.) bs xepolv, and προ- Gvr πάτερ in the antistrophe, 1, 287. 375. The epithets here are echoes of

+

+ AIAZ, + 41 + +

+

+ 5 + ἀλλά + με + συνδάϊξον, + +

+

+ XO. + εὔφημα + φώνει· + μὴ + κακὸν + κακῷ + διδοὺς + +

+

+ 2 + +

+

+ ἄκος + πλέον + τὸ + πῆμα + τῆς + ἄτης + τίθει, + +

+

+ λέ + A + a + a + z. + 7 + +

+

+ ΑΙ. + στρ. + &. + ὁρᾷς + τὸν + θρασύν, + τὸν + εὐκάρδιον, + +

+

+ τὸν + ἐν + δαΐοις + ἄτρεστον + μάχαις, + 365 + +

+

+ ἐν + ἀφόβοις + pe + θηρσὶ + δεινὸν + χέρας; + +

+

+ 2 + 2 + +

+

+ Buo + γέλωτος, + ofov + ὑβρίσθην + dpa. + +

+

+ 3 + +

+

+ TE. + μή, + δέσποτ’ + Αἴας, + λίσσομαί + σ’, + αὔδα + rdbe. + +

+

+ ΑΙ. + οὐκ + ἐκτός + ; + οὐκ + ἄψορρον + ἐκνεμεῖ + πόδα; + +

+

+ - + +

+

+ αἰαῖ + αἰαῖ, + 370 + +

+

+ x0. + +

+

+ ὦ + πρὸς + θεῶν + ὕπεικε + καὶ + φρόνησον + ei. + +

+

+ Al. + +

+

+ X + 3. + X + 8 + 8 + +

+

+ ὦ + δύσμορος, + ὃς + χερὶ + μὲν + +

+

+ μεθῆκα + τοὺς + ἀλάστορας, + +

+

+ ἐν + & + ἑλίκεσσι + βουσὶ + kal + κλυτοῖς + πεσὼν + αἰπολίοις + Is + b. + +

+

+ 2 + 2 + , + 2 + +

+

+ 367. + dpoi + epo + L. + οἶμοι + A + Pal. + 369. + ἐκνεμεῖ] + ἐκνεμῆι + LA. + ἐκνημῆ + I. + +

+

+ (as + +

+

+ ἐκνεμῇ + R + 370. + αἰαῦ + αἰαῖ] + at + αἱ + alL. + al + alal + A. + αἱ + ἀὶ + af + Pal. + 372. + 4 + +

+

+ ὦ + LA. + χερῇ + xepol + L. + xepl + Herm. + corr. + χερσὶ + AVat. + ac + VVs. + abwraw + ἀΐων + M. + +

+ Commentary +

+ behold + the + only + shepherd + to + support + the + + flock + ; + come, + lay + me + dead + beside + them + !’ + + This + explanation + has + the + advantage + of + + supposing + only + one + ellipse + with + both + + verbs, + viz. + rfi + ποίμνῃ. + In + this + case + + μόνον + ποιμένων + is + to + be + explained + as + an + + idiomatic + expression, + in + which, + as + in + + μόνος + τῶν + ἄλλων, + the + privative + word + + has + a + negative + force: + ie. + You, + and + not + + the + shepherds, + shall + avenge + the + sheep. + + Cp. + ἔρημος + . + . + στίβος. + (The + + sense + might + be + made + clearer + by + read- + + ing + ποιμνίοις + for + ποιμένων,) + Others + (2) + + suppose + ‘"shepherds + " + to + be + put + figura- + + tively + for + "comforters,’ + or + (3) + take + ποι- + + μένων + as + gen. + obj. + = + "to + defend + thy + lord.’ + + Others + conjecture + πημονὰν + ἐπαρκέσοντ’, + + πημονῶν + dpros + ὄντ’, + + 363. + ‘Do + not + (1) + aggravate + the + blow + + of + disaster;" + or + (2) + "Make + the + sorrow + + worse + than + the + calamity.’ + For + the + whole + + sentence, + cp. + Thuc. + 5. + 65, + κακὸν + κακῷ + + ἰᾶσθαι; + + 366. + ‘Redoubtable + in + valour + amongst + + harmless + beasts.’ + For + ἐν, + cp. + infr. + 1315, + + μᾶλλον + 'v + ἐμοὶ + θρασύς. + The + phrase + + a6Bois + θηρσί + is + clearly + an + oxymoron, + + but + has + been + diversely + explained + either + + as + (1) + ‘harmless’ + (τοῖς + μὴ + φόβον + ἐμ- + + ποιοῦσι, + Schol.), + or + (2) + ‘ + game + that + flies + +

+ Commentary +

+ not’ + (" + quibus + sanus + quisque + parcit, + non + + solum + quia + nihil + periculi + nobis + creant + + sed + etiam + quia + fidei + nostrae + confidunt.’ + + Lobeck.) + The + former + is + more + in + point. + + Ajax + had + been + valiant + where + no + fear + + was.’ + His + prey + was + even + less + glorious + + than + the + boar + or + lion, + which, + though + not + + human, + are + still + formidable. + + 367. + olov] + Sc. + γέλωτα. + ‘What + insult- + + ing + mockery + has + been + heaped + on + me + ’ + + 369. + The + sight + of + Tecmessa, + whom + + he + must + abandon, + provokes + Ajax + to + + new + rage. + He + first + breaks + forth + on + her + + impatiently, + and + then + laments + aloud. + + In + what + follows + he + is + regardless + both + + of + her + and + the + chorus. + + 373. + 6s + xept + μέν] + For + the + position + + of + uév, + which + belongs + properly + to + the + + verb, + see + Essay + on + L. + § + 41. + pp. + 78. + 9. + The + + instrumental + dative + is + used, + with + a + fore- + + feeling + of + the + latter + part + of + the + sentence, + + for + ἐκχερός. + Mr. + Jebb + understands + Ajax + + to + mean + that + he + had + let + off + the + Greeks + + in + respect + of + personal + chastisement, + and + + merely + damaged + them + in + property.’ + But + + this + softens + the + antithesis + too + much. + + The + difficulty + may + be + avoided + by + read- + + ing + (with + Schndw.) + bs + xepolv, + and + προ- + + Gvr + πάτερ + in + the + antistrophe, + 1, + 287. + + 375. + The + epithets + here + are + echoes + of + +

-

2 X x ἐρεμνὸν αἶμ’ ἔδευσα. ΧΟ. τί δῆτ’ ἂν ἀλγοίης ἐπ’ ἐξειργασμένοις ; A ’ T Ta r οὐ γὰρ γένοιτ’ ἂν ταῦθ’ ὅπως οὐχ ὦδ’ ἔχειν. — * 2 X Al ἀντ. β. ἰὼ πάνθ’ ὁρῶν, ἀπάντων T ἀεὶ ~ * κακῶν ὄργανον, τέκνον Λαρτίου, κακοπινέστατόν τ’ ἄλημα στρατοῦ, ἦ που πολὺν γέλωθ’ ὑφ’ ἡδονῆς ἄγεις. XO. ξύν τῷ θεῷ πᾶς καὶ γελᾷ κὠδύρεται. ἴδοιμι [δή] νιν, καίπερ ὧδ’ ἀτώμενος. Al

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379. ἀπάντων 7 ἀεί] πάντων ἀεὶ L. ἀπάντων T del AT Vat. ac MM? Pal. 280. 381. κακοπινέστατόν] κοκοπινέστατον L. kawomvic- Aapriov] Aaepriov LAT. 383. ἴδοιμι [δή] νιν] ἴδοιμι . μιν τατόν A. κακοπινέστατοντ’ sic Pal. 7’ om. M. ἴδοιμίνι Cett. Κὠδύρεται] κὀδύρετοαι L. ouu wv A Pal. ἴδοιμι δή νιν Tricl. Pal.

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the epic style, but possibly with some variation of meaning. ‘Goodly,’ which is the meaning of κλυτός in such expres- sions as κλυτὰ μῆλα (0Od. 9. 308), 15 not sufficiently pointed here, and the Scholiast may be right in saying κλυτὰ λέγει τὰ αἰπόλια Bid τὰς ἐν αὐτοῖς Tapa- xds καὶ φωνάς. ‘The horned kine and bleating herds of goats.’ 376. I rained forth dark-flowing blood.’ ἐρεμνόν is another Homeric epithet, not merely signifying ‘dark’ (and so recalling uéhav alpa), but ‘ darkling,’ with reference to the gloom of night and other circumstances of horror which surrounded the act. 377. ὅπως οὐχ ὧδ’ ἔχειν] ὅπως 15 here simply an indefinite ὡς, and is construed with the infinitive as ὡς might have been. 379 foll. The former outburst was towards the Atreidae. He now breaks forth against Odysseus. 379. πάνθ’ ὁρῶν] Cp. supr. 29, Phil. 1013, 4, ἀλλ’ ἡ κακὴ σὴδιὰ μυχῶν βλέπουσ’ ἀεὶ [ yoxh, u.T.A. 381. κακοπινέστατον.. ἄλημα στρατοῦ] Abominable misleader of the host.’ So the Scholiast seems to understand the words. κακοπινέστατον, defiled,’ i.e. by continual base practices. Musgrave sug- gested an allusion to the act of disguising himself as a wandering beggar men- tioned in Od. 4. 242 foll,, but preferred to derive ἄλημα (= παιπάλη) from ἀλέω. The earlier explanation is here prefer- able to both these, and in infr. 390, dAnua

-

may quite well mean, ‘cause of error’ (τῶν Ἕλλήνων, gl. Pal.). Cp. the causa- tive use of ἄλῃ in Aesch. Ag. 193, δύσορμοι | βροτῶν ἄλαι. The error of which Ajax most complains is the mis- judgment about the arms of Achilles. 382. dyas1 ‘Dost prolong. 383. ξὺν τῷ θεῷ] The article is not added to θεός elsewhere in Sophocles without special reason, and the conjec- ture of Schndw. ξύν τοι θεῷ supplies a particle of connexion. But the asyndeton is rather impressive, and τῷ θεῷ may be explained "the god who gives the laugh- teror the tears.’ ‘Laughter and sorrow are in the hands of God;’ i.e. we must be patient and the position may be re- versed. The chorus reflect that the Di- vine power which now favours Odysseus and oppresses Ajax may hereafter work the opposite effect. Cp. Trach. 131 foll. ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ πῆμα kal xapd | πᾶσι κυκλοῦσιν, ofov ἄρκτου στροφάδες κέλευθοι. 384. The syllable which has been probably lost from this line bas been variously restored, uév, νῦν, μήν, etc. having been supplied. The Triclinian reading is harmless, and is followed in the text, in the absence of better MS. authority. Ajax prays to see his enemy, that, even ruined as hie is, he may avenge himself. Cp. infr. 388-91, Trach. 1167 foll. 4AX’ εὖ γέ τοῖ τόδ’ ἴστε, κἂν T μηδὲν ὦ,| κἂν· μηδὲν ἕρπω, τήν γε δρά- σασαν τάδε | χειρώσομαι κἀκ τῶνδέ· προσ- μόλοι μόνον, k.TA. This is more pro- bable than an aposiopesis of ὀδυρόμενον

+

+ 2 + X + x + + ἐρεμνὸν + αἶμ’ + ἔδευσα. + + ΧΟ. + τί + δῆτ’ + ἂν + ἀλγοίης + ἐπ’ + ἐξειργασμένοις + ; + + A + ’ + T + Ta + r + + οὐ + γὰρ + γένοιτ’ + ἂν + ταῦθ’ + ὅπως + οὐχ + ὦδ’ + ἔχειν. + + — + * + 2 + X + + Al + ἀντ. + β. + ἰὼ + πάνθ’ + ὁρῶν, + ἀπάντων + T + ἀεὶ + + ~ + * + + κακῶν + ὄργανον, + τέκνον + Λαρτίου, + + κακοπινέστατόν + τ’ + ἄλημα + στρατοῦ, + + ἦ + που + πολὺν + γέλωθ’ + ὑφ’ + ἡδονῆς + ἄγεις. + + XO. + ξύν + τῷ + θεῷ + πᾶς + καὶ + γελᾷ + κὠδύρεται. + + ἴδοιμι + [δή] + νιν, + καίπερ + ὧδ’ + ἀτώμενος. + + Al + +

+ Critical Apparatus +

+ 379. + ἀπάντων + 7 + ἀεί] + πάντων + ἀεὶ + L. + ἀπάντων + T + del + AT + Vat. + ac + MM? + Pal. + + 280. + + 381. + κακοπινέστατόν] + κοκοπινέστατον + L. + kawomvic- + + Aapriov] + Aaepriov + LAT. + + 383. + ἴδοιμι + [δή] + νιν] + ἴδοιμι + . + μιν + + τατόν + A. + κακοπινέστατοντ’ + sic + Pal. + 7’ + om. + M. + + ἴδοιμίνι + Cett. + Κὠδύρεται] + κὀδύρετοαι + + L. + ouu + wv + A + Pal. + ἴδοιμι + δή + νιν + Tricl. + + Pal. + +

+ Commentary +

+ the + epic + style, + but + possibly + with + some + + variation + of + meaning. + ‘Goodly,’ + which + + is + the + meaning + of + κλυτός + in + such + expres- + + sions + as + κλυτὰ + μῆλα + 15 + + not + sufficiently + pointed + here, + and + the + + Scholiast + may + be + right + in + saying + κλυτὰ + + λέγει + τὰ + αἰπόλια + Bid + τὰς + ἐν + αὐτοῖς + Tapa- + + xds + καὶ + φωνάς. + ‘The + horned + kine + and + + bleating + herds + of + goats.’ + + 376. + I + rained + forth + dark-flowing + + blood.’ + ἐρεμνόν + is + another + Homeric + + epithet, + not + merely + signifying + ‘dark’ + + (and + so + recalling + uéhav + alpa), + but + + ‘ + darkling,’ + with + reference + to + the + gloom + + of + night + and + other + circumstances + of + + horror + which + surrounded + the + act. + + 377. + ὅπως + οὐχ + ὧδ’ + ἔχειν] + ὅπως + 15 + + here + simply + an + indefinite + ὡς, + and + is + + construed + with + the + infinitive + as + ὡς + might + + have + been. + + 379 + foll. + The + former + outburst + was + + towards + the + Atreidae. + He + now + breaks + + forth + against + Odysseus. + + 379. + πάνθ’ + ὁρῶν] + Cp. + supr. + 29, + + ἀλλ’ + ἡ + κακὴ + σὴδιὰ + μυχῶν + βλέπουσ’ + + ἀεὶ + [ + yoxh, + u.T.A. + + 381. + κακοπινέστατον.. + ἄλημα + στρατοῦ] + + Abominable + misleader + of + the + host.’ + So + + the + Scholiast + seems + to + understand + the + + words. + κακοπινέστατον, + defiled,’ + i.e. + by + + continual + base + practices. + Musgrave + sug- + + gested + an + allusion + to + the + act + of + disguising + + himself + as + a + wandering + beggar + men- + + tioned + in + but + preferred + + to + derive + ἄλημα + (= + παιπάλη) + from + ἀλέω. + + The + earlier + explanation + is + here + prefer- + + able + to + both + these, + and + in + infr. + 390, + dAnua + +

+ Commentary +

+ may + quite + well + mean, + ‘cause + of + error’ + + (τῶν + Ἕλλήνων, + gl. + Pal.). + Cp. + the + causa- + + tive + use + of + ἄλῃ + in + + δύσορμοι + | + βροτῶν + ἄλαι. + The + error + of + + which + Ajax + most + complains + is + the + mis- + + judgment + about + the + arms + of + Achilles. + + 382. + dyas1 + ‘Dost + prolong. + + 383. + ξὺν + τῷ + θεῷ] + The + article + is + not + + added + to + θεός + elsewhere + in + Sophocles + + without + special + reason, + and + the + conjec- + + ture + of + Schndw. + ξύν + τοι + θεῷ + supplies + a + + particle + of + connexion. + But + the + asyndeton + + is + rather + impressive, + and + τῷ + θεῷ + may + be + + explained + "the + god + who + gives + the + laugh- + + teror + the + tears.’ + ‘Laughter + and + sorrow + + are + in + the + hands + of + God;’ + i.e. + we + must + + be + patient + and + the + position + may + be + re- + + versed. + The + chorus + reflect + that + the + Di- + + vine + power + which + now + favours + Odysseus + + and + oppresses + Ajax + may + hereafter + work + + the + opposite + effect. + Cp. + + ἀλλ’ + ἐπὶ + πῆμα + kal + xapd + | + πᾶσι + κυκλοῦσιν, + + ofov + ἄρκτου + στροφάδες + κέλευθοι. + + 384. + The + syllable + which + has + been + + probably + lost + from + this + line + bas + been + + variously + restored, + uév, + νῦν, + μήν, + etc. + + having + been + supplied. + The + Triclinian + + reading + is + harmless, + and + is + followed + in + + the + text, + in + the + absence + of + better + MS. + + authority. + Ajax + prays + to + see + his + enemy, + + that, + even + ruined + as + hie + is, + he + may + avenge + + himself. + Cp. + infr. + 388-91, + + foll. + 4AX’ + εὖ + γέ + τοῖ + τόδ’ + ἴστε, + κἂν + T + + μηδὲν + ὦ,| + κἂν· + μηδὲν + ἕρπω, + τήν + γε + δρά- + + σασαν + τάδε + | + χειρώσομαι + κἀκ + τῶνδέ· + προσ- + + μόλοι + μόνον, + k.TA. + This + is + more + pro- + + bable + than + an + aposiopesis + of + ὀδυρόμενον + +

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or the like, though this may be sug- gested by comparing Phil. 1113 foll. Boiuar δέ νιν,] τὸν τάδε μησάμενον, τὸν ἴσον χρόνον | duds λαχόντ’ ἀνίας. 387. προγόνων προπάτωρ] Zeus was only the great-grandsire of Ajax, but the feeling of Sophocles and his age required that the Divine source should seem more remote. For similar vagueness in speak- ing of the past, cp. Ant. 981, 2, where σπέρμα .. . ἀρχαιογόνων| ἄντασ’ Ἐρεχθειδᾶν is said of the grand-daughter of Erech- theus. Also supr. 190. 390. ὀλέσσας] The σ is doubled Epice. Cp. Aesch. Pers. 864, ὅσσας δ’ εἶλε πόλειο; 391. τέλος θάνοιμι καὐτός] Ajax desires death, but death would be sweeter if he could first be avenged on his enemies. The feeling here is slightly different from Aesch. Choeph. 438, ἔπειτ’ ἐγὼ νοσφίσας ὀλοίμαν, where the parti- ciple has an exclusive emphasis ("if I could only take their lives", and there is no real desire of death.

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394 foll. Ajax, who had once prayed for light, now prays for darkness as his only Iight. 396. baebrarov, ὡς ἐμοί] ‘Most brilliant, in my sight.’ Cp. Ant. 1161, Κρέων γὰρ ἦν ζηλῶτός, ὡς ἐμοί, ποτέ. 297. ἕλεσθ’ ἕλεσθέ μ’] In the spirit of polytheism the two names σκότος and ἔρεβος are imagined todenote two beings. Hence the plural. For the middle voice, cp. O. T. 887, κακά νιν ἕλοιτο polpa. 399 foll. i.e. οὐκέτι γὰρ ἄξιός εἰμι βλέπειν οὔτε εἰς θεῶν γένο οὔτε εἰς ὄνασίν τινα ἁμερίων ἀνθρώπων. For the omis- sion of the preposilion in the former clause, cp. Ant. 789, 90, καί σ’ οὔτ’ ἀθανάτων φύξιμος οὐδείς, | οὔθ’ ἁμερίων ἐπ’ ἀνθρώπων1 and for βλέπειν εἰς, cp. Ant. 922, 3, 71 χρή με τὴν δύστηνον eis θεοὺς Zri | BAbGav; Others (see v. rr.) join rivd ἀνθρώπων, making εἰς ὄνασιν ad- verbial, and understand βλέπειν with the accusative to be equivalent to βλέ- πειν εἰς.

+

+ ΑΙΑΣ. + 43 + +

+

+ ἰώ + μοί + μοι. + +

+

+ ΧΟ. + μηδὲν + μέγ’ + εἴπῃς. + +

+

+ 2 + arn + 7 + 8 + +

+

+ oux + opas + w + εἰ + kakou + : + +

+

+ ΑΙ + +

+

+ 2 + , + z + z + +

+

+ . + Eeb, + προγόνων + προπάτωρ, + +

+

+ πῶς + ἂν + τὸν + αἱμυλώτατον, + +

+

+ 2 + 3 + +

+

+ ἐχθρὸν + ἄλημα, + τούς + τε + δισσάρχας + ὀλέσσας + βασιλῆς, + 390 + +

+

+ rẽxos + θάνοιμι + καὐτός + ; + +

+

+ 2 + +

+

+ TE. + +

+

+ orar + κατεύχῃ + ταῦθ’, + ὅμου + κάμοὶ + θανεῖν + +

+

+ 4 + 3 + A + (a + 7 + +

+

+ εὔχου· + τί + γὰρ + δεῖ + ζῆν + ue + σοῦ + τεθνηκότος + ; + +

+

+ . + r + A + - + 2 + 8 + +

+

+ ΑΙ. + στρ.γ′. + ἰὼ + +

+

+ σκότος, + ἐμὸν + φάος, + +

+

+ 395 + +

+

+ i’ + [ + +

+

+ ἔρεβος + ὦ + φαεννότατον, + ὡς + ἐμοί, + +

+

+ Fec + ἕλεσθέ + μ’ + οἰκήτορα, + +

+

+ 5 + ἕλεσθέ + +

+

+ otfre + yap + θεῶν + γένος + +

+

+ n" + A + 2 + 2. + +

+

+ οὔθ’ + ἁμερίων + ἔτ’ + ἄξιος + +

+

+ βλέπειν + τιν’ + εἰς + +

+

+ 2 + +

+

+ ὄνασιν + ἀνθρώπων. + +

+

+ 2 + 2 + , + +

+

+ 400 + +

+

+ 386. + εἶ] + q7 + L. + εἶ + CA. + +

+

+ 387. + προπάτωρ] + προπάτορ + Pal. + +

+

+ 390. + δισσάρχας] + +

+

+ δισάρχας + L. + δισσάρχασ + ΑΣ. + ὀλέσσας] + ὀλέσα + LAT. + ὀλέσσας + Τυ + corr. + +

+

+ βασι- + +

+

+ λῆς] + βασιλεῖς + A. + +

+

+ 393. + δεῖ] + L. + +

+

+ δεῖ + C?A. + +

+

+ 395. + φαεννότατον] + φαεννο- + +

+

+ τον + L. + φαεννότατον + C2. + +

+

+ 396. + ἕλεσθ’ + ἕλεσθέ + μ’] + ἕλεσθέ + μ’ + ἔλεσθέ + μ’ + LAL + ἕλεσθ’ + +

+

+ ἔλεσθέ + μ’ + Elmsl. + corr. + +

+

+ ἕλεσθέ + μ’ + οἰκήτορα + ἕλεσθ’ + οὕτε + γὰρ + T. + +

+

+ 400. + ὄνασιν] + +

+

+ ὄνησιν + MSS. + +

+

+ ὄνασιν + Brunck + corr. + (τίν’, + εἰς + ὄνησιν, + L). + +

+ Commentary +

+ or + the + like, + though + this + may + be + sug- + + gested + by + comparing + + Boiuar + δέ + νιν,] + τὸν + τάδε + μησάμενον, + τὸν + + ἴσον + χρόνον + | + duds + λαχόντ’ + ἀνίας. + + 387. + προγόνων + προπάτωρ] + Zeus + was + + only + the + great-grandsire + of + Ajax, + but + the + + feeling + of + Sophocles + and + his + age + required + + that + the + Divine + source + should + seem + more + + remote. + For + similar + vagueness + in + speak- + + ing + of + the + past, + cp. + where + + σπέρμα + .. + . + ἀρχαιογόνων| + ἄντασ’ + Ἐρεχθειδᾶν + + is + said + of + the + grand-daughter + of + Erech- + + theus. + Also + supr. + 190. + + 390. + ὀλέσσας] + The + σ + is + doubled + + Epice. + Cp. + ὅσσας + δ’ + + εἶλε + πόλειο; + + 391. + τέλος + θάνοιμι + καὐτός] + Ajax + + desires + death, + but + death + would + be + sweeter + + if + he + could + first + be + avenged + on + his + + enemies. + The + feeling + here + is + slightly + + different + from + ἔπειτ’ + + ἐγὼ + νοσφίσας + ὀλοίμαν, + where + the + parti- + + ciple + has + an + exclusive + emphasis + ("if + I + + could + only + take + their + lives", + and + there + + is + no + real + desire + of + death. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 394 + foll. + Ajax, + who + had + once + prayed + + for + light, + now + prays + for + darkness + as + his + + only + Iight. + + 396. + baebrarov, + ὡς + ἐμοί] + ‘Most + + brilliant, + in + my + sight.’ + Cp. + + Κρέων + γὰρ + ἦν + ζηλῶτός, + ὡς + ἐμοί, + ποτέ. + + 297. + ἕλεσθ’ + ἕλεσθέ + μ’] + In + the + spirit + of + + polytheism + the + two + names + σκότος + and + + ἔρεβος + are + imagined + todenote + two + beings. + + Hence + the + plural. + For + the + middle + + voice, + cp. + κακά + νιν + ἕλοιτο + + polpa. + + 399 + foll. + i.e. + οὐκέτι + γὰρ + ἄξιός + εἰμι + + βλέπειν + οὔτε + εἰς + θεῶν + γένο + οὔτε + εἰς + ὄνασίν + + τινα + ἁμερίων + ἀνθρώπων. + For + the + omis- + + sion + of + the + preposilion + in + the + former + + clause, + cp. + καί + σ’ + οὔτ’ + + ἀθανάτων + φύξιμος + οὐδείς, + | + οὔθ’ + ἁμερίων + ἐπ’ + + ἀνθρώπων1 + and + for + βλέπειν + εἰς, + cp. + + 71 + χρή + με + τὴν + δύστηνον + eis + θεοὺς + + Zri + | + BAbGav; + Others + (see + v. + rr.) + join + + rivd + ἀνθρώπων, + making + εἰς + ὄνασιν + ad- + + verbial, + and + understand + βλέπειν + with + + the + accusative + to + be + equivalent + to + βλέ- + + πειν + εἰς. + +

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403. τλέθριον αἰκίζει] The MS. read- ing is unmetrical, unless on the some- what forced supposition that εὔφρονες in the antistropne may be scanned ἐύφρονες. Wunder conjectured οὕλιον, which restores the metre. But οὔλιος is everywhere active, and we can hardly venture to introduce it passively here. All that can be said is Ihat A6piov has probably taken the place of some equivalent word (such as πάμμορον), un- less we may be satisfied with ὀλέθρι’, the adverbial plural. Hermann’s attempt to scan the two lines thus, ἀλκίμα 0cbs b λέ- θριον αἰκίζει, -— d 2—— is unusually violent. 404. wol.. μενῶ] ‘Whither shall I go and find rest? The subjunctive in Φφύγῃ is excused by the implication of the first person in the third. 405 foll. The Scholion, διὰ(τὴν κατὰ L) τὴν κρίσιν τῶν ὅπλων, is not inconsistent with the reading in the text, which admits of being construed thus, ‘Seeing that things here are perishing together with these victims by my side.7’ But the language is at once obscure and feeble. and the metre does not agree with the antistrophe. There must be something wrong. The general mean- ing is, "Iam finally ruined, and at this moment am involved in ridicule and disgrace.’ The simplest change is to read τάδε μέν for ra uév (Elmsl.), and

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riois δ’ for τοῖσδ’ (Lobeck), i. e. (405-8) εἰ τάδε μὲν φθίνει φίλοι, τίσις δ’ | ὁμοῦ πέ- xas: and (423-6) ἐξερέω μέγ’ οἷον οὔτινα Tpola στρατοῦ. But even so, there is too much of repetition for a lyric pas- sage, and it is reasonable to suppose some deeper corruption. For example, τοῖσδ’ ὁμοῦ may bave grown out of πέλας, and this may be a corruption of πάλαι. Then supposing (with Schndw.) that crparo and ἀπό are excrescences in the antistrophe, we might read (405- 8), εἰ τάδε μὲν φθίνει, φίλοι, πάλαι,| μῶραις δ’ dypais προσκείμεθα, and (423-6), ἐξέρέω μέγ’, οἶἷον οὔτινα | Tpola χθονὸς δέρχθη μολόνθ’ etc. See note on1. 348. But nothing can be asserted confidently about this passage. For προσκείμεθά, cp. EL 1040, & c πρόσκεισαι κακῷ. 408 foll. Cp. supr. 251. di waxxros] "With spears in both hands —dro δοῦρε παλλόμενοι. On this use oſ the adjective, see Essay on L. § 53. p. 98, also § 42. p. 80; and cp. esp. El. 1494, κοὐὺ πρόχειρος εἶ κτανεῖν Aesch. Ag. 1652, πρόκωπος . Gaveiv. 8v.. φονεύοι] The sentence, although introduced with et, is continued indepen- dently of the hypothetical construction. 410. xpopev] ‘Serviceable, here answers to the Epic βοὴν ἀγαθός, ‘good at need.’ The essential value of Ajax’ services to the army is emphasized throughout. Cp. esp. supr. 119, 20.

+

+ ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

+

+ 44 + +

+

+ ἀλλά + μ’ + ἁ + Διὸς + +

+

+ ἀλκίμα + Gebs + +

+

+ 10 + τὀλέθριον + αἰκίζει. + +

+

+ ποῖ + τις + οὖν + φύγῃ; + +

+

+ ποῖ + μολὼν + μενῶ; + +

+

+ εἰ + tra + μὲν + φθίνει, + φίλοι + τοῖσδ’ + ὁμοῦ + πέλας + 405 + +

+

+ ~ + r + - + +

+

+ μώραις + δ’ + ἄγραις + προσκείμεθα, + +

+

+ 15 + πᾶς + δὲ + στρατὸς + δίπαλτος + ἄν + με + +

+

+ χειρὶ + φονεύοι. + +

+

+ 8 + r + +

+

+ TE. + ὦ + δυστάλαινα, + τοιάδ’ + ἄνδρα + χρήσιμον + 410 + +

+

+ φωνεῖν, + ἃ + πρόσθεν + οὗτος + οὐκ + ἔτλη + TOT + ἀν. + +

+

+ 2 + 3 + 2 + I + r + x + +

+

+ 402. + τὀλέθριον1] + gl. + ὀλεθρίως + LA. + +

+

+ ioz· + φύγῃ] + φύγηι + 1.. + γρ. + τράπη + Ce + mg. + +

+

+ w + +

+

+ 404. + μενῶ] + μένῶ + L. + +

+

+ 405. + φθίνει] + φθίνει + L + +

+

+ 406. + μώραις1 + +

+

+ φύγη + A. + +

+

+ μωραῖς + L. + +

+

+ μώραις + Elms. + corr. + +

+

+ 411. + οὔκ + ἔτλη] + οὔκετ’ + ἔτλη + A. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 403. + τλέθριον + αἰκίζει] + The + MS. + read- + + ing + is + unmetrical, + unless + on + the + some- + + what + forced + supposition + that + εὔφρονες + + in + the + antistropne + may + be + scanned + + ἐύφρονες. + Wunder + conjectured + οὕλιον, + + which + restores + the + metre. + But + οὔλιος + + is + everywhere + active, + and + we + can + hardly + + venture + to + introduce + it + passively + here. + + All + that + can + be + said + is + Ihat + A6piov + + has + probably + taken + the + place + of + some + + equivalent + word + (such + as + πάμμορον), + un- + + less + we + may + be + satisfied + with + ὀλέθρι’, + the + + adverbial + plural. + Hermann’s + attempt + to + + scan + the + two + lines + thus, + ἀλκίμα + 0cbs + b + λέ- + + θριον + αἰκίζει, + -— + d + 2—— + + is + unusually + violent. + + 404. + wol.. + μενῶ] + ‘Whither + shall + I + + go + and + find + rest? + The + subjunctive + in + + Φφύγῃ + is + excused + by + the + implication + of + + the + first + person + in + the + third. + + 405 + foll. + The + Scholion, + διὰ(τὴν + κατὰ + L) + + τὴν + κρίσιν + τῶν + ὅπλων, + is + not + inconsistent + + with + the + reading + in + the + text, + which + + admits + of + being + construed + thus, + ‘Seeing + + that + things + here + are + perishing + together + + with + these + victims + by + my + side.7’ + But + + the + language + is + at + once + obscure + and + + feeble. + and + the + metre + does + not + agree + + with + the + antistrophe. + There + must + be + + something + wrong. + The + general + mean- + + ing + is, + "Iam + finally + ruined, + and + at + + this + moment + am + involved + in + ridicule + + and + disgrace.’ + The + simplest + change + is + + to + read + τάδε + μέν + for + ra + uév + (Elmsl.), + and + +

+ Commentary +

+ riois + δ’ + for + τοῖσδ’ + (Lobeck), + i. + e. + (405-8) + + εἰ + τάδε + μὲν + φθίνει + φίλοι, + τίσις + δ’ + | + ὁμοῦ + πέ- + + xas: + and + (423-6) + ἐξερέω + μέγ’ + οἷον + οὔτινα + + Tpola + στρατοῦ. + But + even + so, + there + is + + too + much + of + repetition + for + a + lyric + pas- + + sage, + and + it + is + reasonable + to + suppose + + some + deeper + corruption. + For + example, + + τοῖσδ’ + ὁμοῦ + may + bave + grown + out + of + + πέλας, + and + this + may + be + a + corruption + of + + πάλαι. + Then + supposing + (with + Schndw.) + + that + crparo + and + ἀπό + are + excrescences + + in + the + antistrophe, + we + might + read + (405- + + 8), + εἰ + τάδε + μὲν + φθίνει, + φίλοι, + πάλαι,| + + μῶραις + δ’ + dypais + προσκείμεθα, + and + (423-6), + + ἐξέρέω + μέγ’, + οἶἷον + οὔτινα + | + Tpola + χθονὸς + + δέρχθη + μολόνθ’ + etc. + See + note + on1. + 348. + + But + nothing + can + be + asserted + confidently + + about + this + passage. + For + προσκείμεθά, + + cp. + & + c + πρόσκεισαι + κακῷ. + + 408 + foll. + Cp. + supr. + 251. + + di + waxxros] + "With + spears + in + both + hands + + —dro + δοῦρε + παλλόμενοι. + On + this + use + oſ + + the + adjective, + see + Essay + on + L. + § + 53. + + p. + 98, + also + § + 42. + p. + 80; + and + cp. + + esp. + κοὐὺ + πρόχειρος + εἶ + κτανεῖν + + πρόκωπος + . + Gaveiv. + + 8v.. + φονεύοι] + The + sentence, + although + + introduced + with + et, + is + continued + indepen- + + dently + of + the + hypothetical + construction. + + 410. + xpopev] + ‘Serviceable, + here + + answers + to + the + Epic + βοὴν + ἀγαθός, + ‘good + + at + need.’ + The + essential + value + of + Ajax’ + + services + to + the + army + is + emphasized + + throughout. + Cp. + esp. + supr. + 119, + 20. + +

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413. πόροι ἁλίρροθοι] ‘Paths of the surging sea,’ i.e. either generally, or with reference to the narrow seas of the Aegean, called πόντιαι abAGves in Trach. 100, which separated Ajax from his home; or, possibly, to the Hellespont, which had witnessed his exploits, and is called by Xerxes, in Hdt. 7. 35, dAuvps ποταμός. Cp. infr. 884, Aesch. Pers. 367. 414. πάραλά τ’ ἄντρα, k ] These were especially familiar to Ajax from his position at the end of the line towards Rhoeteum. 416. aumvods ovral i.e. If you keep me here, it will not be in life. 417. φρονῶν] If he have sense to perceive.’ 420. εὔφρονες Apyelois] ie. Lind to me no longer, but to my enemies.’ In a different mood he afterwards (infr. 863) bids farewell to the rivers of Troy as his nurses.

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424. olov, k.T.A.] In Homeric fashion Ajax boasts himself to be the bravest of the Greeks. Cp. II. 18. 104, 5, τοῖος ἐὼν olos οὔτις ἈΧχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων | ἐν πολέμῳ. That he is the bravest next to Achilles is the Homeric tradition, and he is acknowledged to be so by his enemy Odysseus, infr. 1341. The ar- rangement ofthis part of the antistrophe must be adapted to the change made in the strophe. See note on 405 foll. For μέγα, cp. Pind. Nem. 6. 45, 6, ἔλπομαι μέγα εἰπὼν σκοποῦ ἄντα τυχεῖν. 425. The hiatus after ἀπό at the end of the (lyric) iambic line is doubtful. 427. The reading πρόκειται is not wholly impossible. 428. οὔθ’ Bmes] Elmsley would read οὐδ’, because there is no τε preceding. But this is too strict. 430 foll. For a pais similarly fol- lowing μέλη ἀπὸ σκηνῆς, cp. El. 254

+

+ ΑΙΑΣ. + 45 + +

+

+ Al. + ἀντ.γ'. + ἰὼ + +

+

+ πόροι + ἁλίρροθοι + +

+

+ πάραλά + 7 + dvipa + kal + νέμος + ἐπάκτιον, + +

+

+ z + z + 12 + 8 + z + 2 + z + +

+

+ πολὺν + πολύν + με + δαρόν + τε + δὴ + +

+

+ 5 + 415 + +

+

+ κατείχετ’ + ἀμφὶ + Τροίαν + χρόνον· + +

+

+ ἀλλ’ + οὐκέτι + μ’, + οὐκέτ’ + ἀμπνοὰς + [62. + +

+

+ ἔχοντα· + τοῦτό + τις + φρονῶν + ἴστω. + +

+

+ ὦ + Σκαμάνδριοι + +

+

+ ’. + 3 + r + +

+

+ γείτονες + ῥοαί, + +

+

+ 10 + εὔφρονες + Ἀργείοις, + 420 + +

+

+ οὐκέτ’ + ἄνδρα + μὴ + +

+

+ ". + .2 + x + 8 + +

+

+ τόνδ’ + ἴδητ’, + ἔπος + +

+

+ ἐξερέω + μέγ’, + οἷον + ot + τινα + +

+

+ 2 + 2 + r_ + ; + 7 + +

+

+ Τροία + στρατοῦ + δέρχθη + χθονὸς + μολόντ’ + tdmd + 425 + +

+

+ 15 + Ἐλλανίδος· + τανῦν + δ’ + ἄτιμος + +

+

+ ὧδε + πρόκειμαι. + +

+

+ XO. + οὔτοι + σ’ + ἀπείργειν, + οὔθ’ + ὅπως + ἐῶ + λέγειν + +

+

+ ἔχω, + kakols + τοιοῖσδε + συμπεπτωκότα. + +

+

+ Al. + αἰαῖ· + τίς + dv + ποτ’ + GO + ὧδ’ + ἐπώνυμον + 430 + +

+

+ 412. + i] + om. + LA + add + Brunck. + ὦ + Τ. + (ἰώ) + Pal. + 413. + ἄντρα] + dvpa + L. + dvrpa + +

+

+ c + 416. + οὐκέτ’] + οὐκ + ἔτ’ + L. + οὐκ + ἔτι + Α. + οὐκέτι + Pal. + 417. + & + ἰὼ + LA. + +

+

+ 1. + πρόκειμαι] + πρόκειται + LN + Pal. + πρόκειμαι + AC7 + Vat. + ac + Vs. + +

+

+ 430. + αἰαῖ] + at + ai + L. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 413. + πόροι + ἁλίρροθοι] + ‘Paths + of + the + + surging + sea,’ + i.e. + either + generally, + or + + with + reference + to + the + narrow + seas + of + the + + Aegean, + called + πόντιαι + abAGves + in + + which + separated + Ajax + from + his + + home; + or, + possibly, + to + the + Hellespont, + + which + had + witnessed + his + exploits, + and + + is + called + by + Xerxes, + in + Hdt. + 7. + 35, + dAuvps + + ποταμός. + Cp. + infr. + 884, + + 414. + πάραλά + τ’ + ἄντρα, + k + ] + These + + were + especially + familiar + to + Ajax + from + + his + position + at + the + end + of + the + line + + towards + Rhoeteum. + + 416. + aumvods + ovral + i.e. + If + you + + keep + me + here, + it + will + not + be + in + life. + + 417. + φρονῶν] + If + he + have + sense + to + + perceive.’ + + 420. + εὔφρονες + Apyelois] + ie. + Lind + to + + me + no + longer, + but + to + my + enemies.’ + In + + a + different + mood + he + afterwards + (infr. + + 863) + bids + farewell + to + the + rivers + of + Troy + + as + his + nurses. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 424. + olov, + k.T.A.] + In + Homeric + fashion + + Ajax + boasts + himself + to + be + the + bravest + of + + the + Greeks. + Cp. + τοῖος + + ἐὼν + olos + οὔτις + ἈΧχαιῶν + χαλκοχιτώνων + | + ἐν + + πολέμῳ. + That + he + is + the + bravest + next + + to + Achilles + is + the + Homeric + tradition, + + and + he + is + acknowledged + to + be + so + by + his + + enemy + Odysseus, + infr. + 1341. + The + ar- + + rangement + ofthis + part + of + the + antistrophe + + must + be + adapted + to + the + change + made + in + + the + strophe. + See + note + on + 405 + foll. + For + + μέγα, + cp. + ἔλπομαι + + μέγα + εἰπὼν + σκοποῦ + ἄντα + τυχεῖν. + + 425. + The + hiatus + after + ἀπό + at + the + end + + of + the + (lyric) + iambic + line + is + doubtful. + + 427. + The + reading + πρόκειται + is + not + + wholly + impossible. + + 428. + οὔθ’ + Bmes] + Elmsley + would + read + + οὐδ’, + because + there + is + no + τε + preceding. + + But + this + is + too + strict. + + 430 + foll. + For + a + pais + similarly + fol- + + lowing + μέλη + ἀπὸ + σκηνῆς, + cp. + +

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foll.; Trach. 1046 foll.; O. T. 1369 foll.; O. C. 258 foll. Ajax, in his solitude (for he hardly feels the presence of Tec- messa) in passing to a more collected mood, first utters the note of sadness, and then is struck by the correspond- ence of the repeated syllable with his own name. Many pocts have observed how the mind in moments of in- tense feeling becomes engaged with trifles :— Strange, that the mind, when fraught With a passion so intense One would think that it well Might drown all life in the eye That it should, by being so overwrought, Suddenly strike on a sharper sense For a shell, or a flower, little things, ‘Which else would have been past Py. TennvsoN’s Maud. The cry of woe, αἰαῦ, sounds to Ajax like the reverberation of his name, and with the superstitious feeling which attached to words casually spoken, he dwells on the resemblance. ‘Ay me! —Who ever could have theught that my name would thus be the appropriate expression for my woes? Cp. esp. Fr. 877, ὀρθῶς δ’ Ὀδυσσεύς εἰμ’, ἐπώνυμος κακοῖε·| πολλοὶ γὰρ ὠδύσαντο δυσμενεῖς ἐμοί. And see Essay on L. § 44. p. 83. Lersch, Sprach-philosophie, vol. 3. pp. 3 foll. ἐπώνυμον supplements the pre- dication of ξυνοίσειν, Agree in the way of naming.’ (The conj. (uvdoev, al- though ingenious, is quite unnecessary.) 432. Bts refers to the repetition of the syllable in αἰαῖ, 433. τοιούτοι5] Se ὥστε πρέπον εἶναι πολλάκι αἰάζειν ἔπ’ αὐτοῖς.

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434. ὅτου] For this pathetic use of ὅστι, cp.esp. O. T. 1184, ὅστιο πέφασμαι, k.7.A. The clauses with uév and δέ do not quite correspond. In L 437 the sentence passes out of the relative con- struction. 435. ‘Having won from all the host by his supreme valour the fairest prize.’ καλλιστέεῖα can hardly be taken as equi- valent to ἀριστεῖα. It is probably used with an inaccurate sense of its deriva- tion from kdAAioros: -— i. e. ‘the prize of beauty’ is understood to mean, not the prize given to the most beautiful, but the most beautiful given as a prize. The accusative is cognate after dpio- τεύσαες, i.e. ἀριστεύσας κάλλιστα ἀριστεῖα. Cp. Eur. Phoen. 214, 5, πόλεος ἐκπρο- κριθεῖσ’ ἐμᾶς | kaAMoTE paTa Λοξίᾳ. 437. The bisected line following the smooth preceding verses has a grating effect, which is here expressive. ; 438. For the genitive Tpolas, see E. on L. § 10. p. 17, 6. ἐπελθών] ‘Coming in my turn. οὐκ ἐλάσσονι cve) In saying that he was not less in might or in achieve- ments than Telamon, Ajax has the same feeling that is expressed by Sthenelus in the Iliad, 4. 405, ἡμεῖς τοι πατέρων μέγ’ ἀμείνονες εὐχόμεθ’ εἶναι, 439. ἀρκέσα57] ‘Having achieved. In Thuc. 2. 47, οὔτε γὰρ larpol ἤρκουν θεραπεύοντες dyvola, ἀρκεῖν is used abso- ITutely="to avail.’ Here in the same semse it takes a "cognate’ accusative of that in which effort is successful. Cp. infr. 535, τοῦτό γ’ ἀρκέσαι Aesch. Pers. 278, οὐδὲν γὰρ ἤρκει τόξα. 440. The dative is to be joined with

+

+ 46 + +

+

+ ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

+

+ τοὐμὸν + ξυνοίσειν + ὄνομα + τοῖς + ἐμοῖς + κακοῖς; + +

+

+ — + - + . + +

+

+ νῦν + yap + πάρεστι + kal + δὶς + αἰάζειν + ἐμοὶ + +

+

+ " + 2 + 2 + 8 + +

+

+ kal + τρίς· + τοιούτοις + γὰρ + κακοῖς + ἐντυγχάνω + +

+

+ 2 + 2 + z + . + +

+

+ b700 + πατὴρ + μὲν + τῆσδ’ + ἀπ’ + Ἰδαίας + χθονὸς + +

+

+ τὰ + πρῶτα + καλλιστεῖ’ + ἀριστεύσας + στρατοῦ + +

+

+ 2 + - + ’ + 2 + +

+

+ 435 + +

+

+ πρὸς + οἶκον + ἦλθε + πᾶσαν + εὔκλειαν + φέρων + +

+

+ 2 + 2 + z + . + +

+

+ ἐγὼ + 6 + κείνου + παῖς, + rov + avrov + ἐς + τόπον + +

+

+ 2 + - + X + 2 + z + +

+

+ Τροίας + ἐπελθὼν + οὐκ + ἐλάσσονι + σθένει, + +

+

+ Ζ + +

+

+ οὐδ’ + ἔργα + μείω + χειρὸς + ἀρκέσας + ἐμῆς, + +

+

+ ἄτιμος + Ἀργείοισιν + ὧδ’ + ἀπόλλυμαι. + +

+

+ 440 + +

+

+ 431. + τοὐμόν] + τοὐμὸν + L. + +

+

+ 434. + ὅτου] + ὅτω + L + pr. + +

+ Commentary +

+ foll.; + + Trach. + 1046 + foll.; + + + Ajax, + in + his + solitude + + (for + he + hardly + feels + the + presence + of + Tec- + + messa) + in + passing + to + a + more + collected + + mood, + first + utters + the + note + of + sadness, + + and + then + is + struck + by + the + correspond- + + ence + of + the + repeated + syllable + with + his + + own + name. + Many + pocts + have + observed + + how + the + mind + in + moments + of + in- + + tense + feeling + becomes + engaged + with + + trifles + :— + + Strange, + that + the + mind, + when + fraught + + With + a + passion + so + intense + + One + would + think + that + it + well + + Might + drown + all + life + in + the + eye + + That + it + should, + by + being + so + overwrought, + + Suddenly + strike + on + a + sharper + sense + + For + a + shell, + or + a + flower, + little + things, + + ‘Which + else + would + have + been + past + Py. + + TennvsoN’s + Maud. + + The + cry + of + woe, + αἰαῦ, + sounds + to + Ajax + + like + the + reverberation + of + his + name, + and + + with + the + superstitious + feeling + which + + attached + to + words + casually + spoken, + he + + dwells + on + the + resemblance. + ‘Ay + me! + + —Who + ever + could + have + theught + that + + my + name + would + thus + be + the + appropriate + + expression + for + my + woes? + Cp. + esp. + Fr. + + 877, + ὀρθῶς + δ’ + Ὀδυσσεύς + εἰμ’, + ἐπώνυμος + + κακοῖε·| + πολλοὶ + γὰρ + ὠδύσαντο + δυσμενεῖς + + ἐμοί. + And + see + Essay + on + L. + § + 44. + p. + 83. + + Lersch, + Sprach-philosophie, + vol. + 3. + pp. + + 3 + foll. + ἐπώνυμον + supplements + the + pre- + + dication + of + ξυνοίσειν, + Agree + in + the + way + + of + naming.’ + (The + conj. + (uvdoev, + al- + + though + ingenious, + is + quite + unnecessary.) + + 432. + Bts + refers + to + the + repetition + of + + the + syllable + in + αἰαῖ, + + 433. + τοιούτοι5] + Se + ὥστε + πρέπον + εἶναι + + πολλάκι + αἰάζειν + ἔπ’ + αὐτοῖς. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 434. + ὅτου] + For + this + pathetic + use + of + + ὅστι, + cp.esp. + ὅστιο + πέφασμαι, + + k.7.A. + The + clauses + with + uév + and + δέ + do + + not + quite + correspond. + In + L + 437 + the + + sentence + passes + out + of + the + relative + con- + + struction. + + 435. + ‘Having + won + from + all + the + host + + by + his + supreme + valour + the + fairest + prize.’ + + καλλιστέεῖα + can + hardly + be + taken + as + equi- + + valent + to + ἀριστεῖα. + It + is + probably + used + + with + an + inaccurate + sense + of + its + deriva- + + tion + from + kdAAioros: + -— + i. + e. + ‘the + prize + of + + beauty’ + is + understood + to + mean, + not + the + + prize + given + to + the + most + beautiful, + but + + the + most + beautiful + given + as + a + prize. + + The + accusative + is + cognate + after + dpio- + + τεύσαες, + i.e. + ἀριστεύσας + κάλλιστα + ἀριστεῖα. + + Cp. + πόλεος + ἐκπρο- + + κριθεῖσ’ + ἐμᾶς + | + kaAMoTE + paTa + Λοξίᾳ. + + 437. + The + bisected + line + following + the + + smooth + preceding + verses + has + a + grating + + effect, + which + is + here + expressive. + ; + + 438. + For + the + genitive + Tpolas, + see + + E. + on + L. + § + 10. + p. + 17, + 6. + + ἐπελθών] + ‘Coming + in + my + turn. + + οὐκ + ἐλάσσονι + cve) + In + saying + that + + he + was + not + less + in + might + or + in + achieve- + + ments + than + Telamon, + Ajax + has + the + same + + feeling + that + is + expressed + by + Sthenelus + + in + the + ἡμεῖς + τοι + πατέρων + + μέγ’ + ἀμείνονες + εὐχόμεθ’ + εἶναι, + + 439. + ἀρκέσα57] + ‘Having + achieved. + + In + Thuc. + 2. + 47, + οὔτε + γὰρ + larpol + ἤρκουν + + θεραπεύοντες + dyvola, + ἀρκεῖν + is + used + abso- + + ITutely="to + avail.’ + Here + in + the + same + + semse + it + takes + a + "cognate’ + accusative + of + + that + in + which + effort + is + successful. + Cp. + + infr. + 535, + τοῦτό + γ’ + ἀρκέσαι + + οὐδὲν + γὰρ + ἤρκει + τόξα. + + 440. + The + dative + is + to + be + joined + with + +

-

ἄτιμος, =mpds Ἀργείων and & Ἀργείοις. The Argives are at once the agents and the witnesses of Ajax’ dishonour. His mind reverts to the critical moment— the judgment of the arms. 442, 3. Were Achilles alive, and had he to decide the question of his arms and to adjudge the meed of valour to some one.’ 444 · αὔτ’] αὐτά. ἔμαρψεν]σταρεά.’ The vivid word expresses Ajax’" sense of his right to the arms, and of the violent usurpation of Odysseus. ἄλλο ἀντ’ puod) Another and not I.’ Essay on L. § 40. P. 75, 5. 445. φωτὶ παντουργῷ bpévas] ‘To an all-accomplishedrogue.’ Althoughnarr- ουργῷ is said contemptuously. it is not necessary to suppose that it has all the associations of navovpys. φρένας has probably an emphasis in opposition to Κράτη in ]. 446. Ajax speaks with scorn of those varied mental tesources of which he does not feel the need. 446. ἔπραξαν] ‘Made them over, or, as we say in common parlance. ‘jobbed them.’ πράσσειν often means ‘to in- trigue’ in a bad sense. Cp. esp. O. T. 124, 5, εἴ τι μὴ ξὺν ἀργυρῷ | ἐπράσσετ’ ἐνθένδ’, and note. ἀπώσαντες1] ‘Setting aside my deeds

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of valour,’ i.e. rejecting from consider- ation my valiant services. 447. 8. διάστροφοι | γνώμης ἀπῇξαν] Started aside from my purpose.’ di: στροφοι is (1) supplem. predicate, or perhaps (2) = διάστροφοι οὖσαι. Cp. supr. 258. 449. ἐψήφισαν] ‘Determined by vote. The judges would be said ψηφίζεσθαι, to give their votes.’ The generals, who conducted the voting, are said ψηφίζειν, ‘to manage by votes,’ as Mene- laus is accused of having done dis- honestly, infr. 1135. On rare uses of the active voice in Soph., see Essay on L. § 20. p. 51 b; § 53. p. 98. 450. Instead of γλαυκῶπις, the usual epithet for Athena, Ajax resentfully uses Yopyamis, with some recollection of the grim appearance of the goddess as she hounded him te the mad onset, supr. 59, 60. ἀδάματος is "invincible,’ not merely · unwedded, though the latter notion may be contained in the word. 451. ἐπευθύνοντ’] ‘In act of stretch- ing forth.’ Ajax (supr. 49) was at the tent-door of the Atreidae, and had little more to do than to stretch out his hand. The v. r. ἐπεντύνοντα would mean ‘arm- ing.’ but he was already armed. ἐπεν- relvovra is better, but is probably a correction of ἐπεντύνοντ’.

+

+ AIAZ, + +

+

+ 47 + +

+

+ καίτοι + τοσοῦτόν + γ’ + ἐξεπίστασθαι + δοκῶ, + +

+

+ εἰ + ζῶν + Ἀχιλλεὺς + τῶν + ὅπλων + τῶν + ὧν + πέρι + +

+

+ A + 8 + - + 2 + +

+

+ ’ + +

+

+ κρίνειν + ἔμελλε + κράτος + ἀριστείας + τινί, + +

+

+ οὐκ + ἄν + τις + αὔτ’ + ἔμαρψεν + ἄλλος + ἀντ’ + ἐμοῦ. + +

+

+ ’ + ; + a + +

+

+ νῦν + δ’ + αὔτ’ + Ἀτρεῖδαι + φωτὶ + παντουργῷ + φρένας + +

+

+ 2. + 1 + 2 + +

+

+ 445 + +

+

+ 2 + 2 + +

+

+ ἔπραξαν, + ἀνδρὸς + τοῦδ’ + ἀπώσαντες + κράτη. + +

+

+ κεἰ + μὴ + τόδ’ + ὄμμα + καὶ + φρένες + διάστροφοι + +

+

+ γνώμης + ἀπῇξαν + τῆς + ἐμῆς, + οὐκ + dv + ποτε + +

+

+ z + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + +

+

+ δίκην + κατ’ + ἄλλου + φωτὸς + ὧδ’ + ἐψήφισαν. + +

+

+ νῦν + δ’ + ἡ + Διὸς + γοργῶπις + +

+

+ ἀδάματος + θεὰ + +

+

+ 450 + +

+

+ ἤδη + μ’ + ἐπ’ + αὐτοῖς + χεῖρ’ + ἐπευθύνοντ’ + ἐμὴν + +

+

+ 1 + - + 27 + +

+

+ ἔσφηλεν + ἐμβαλοῦσα + λυσσώδη + νόσον, + +

+

+ 447. + ὄμμα] + ὄνομα + L. + ὄμμασΑ. + +

+

+ 450. + abauaros) + adauacros + MSS. + Elmsl. + corr. + +

+

+ G + +

+

+ 451. + ἐπευθίνοντ’] + ἐπαντύνοντ’ + La. + ἐπεντύνοντ’ + P. + ἐπεντύνοντ’ + Vat. + ac + CAVARMM? + +

+

+ Pal. + ἐπεντείνοντ’ + V. + +

+

+ 452. + νόσον] + νόσων + L. + +

+

+ νόσον + CA. + +

+ Commentary +

+ ἄτιμος, + =mpds + Ἀργείων + and + & + Ἀργείοις. + + The + Argives + are + at + once + the + agents + and + + the + witnesses + of + Ajax’ + dishonour. + His + + mind + reverts + to + the + critical + moment— + + the + judgment + of + the + arms. + + 442, + 3. + Were + Achilles + alive, + and + had + + he + to + decide + the + question + of + his + arms + + and + to + adjudge + the + meed + of + valour + to + + some + one.’ + + 444 + · + αὔτ’] + αὐτά. + + ἔμαρψεν]σταρεά.’ + The + vivid + word + + expresses + Ajax’" + sense + of + his + right + to + + the + arms, + and + of + the + violent + usurpation + + of + Odysseus. + + ἄλλο + ἀντ’ + puod) + Another + and + not + I.’ + + Essay + on + L. + § + 40. + P. + 75, + 5. + + 445. + φωτὶ + παντουργῷ + bpévas] + ‘To + an + + all-accomplishedrogue.’ + Althoughnarr- + + ουργῷ + is + said + contemptuously. + it + is + not + + necessary + to + suppose + that + it + has + all + the + + associations + of + navovpys. + φρένας + has + + probably + an + emphasis + in + opposition + to + + Κράτη + in + ]. + 446. + Ajax + speaks + with + scorn + + of + those + varied + mental + tesources + of + which + + he + does + not + feel + the + need. + + 446. + ἔπραξαν] + ‘Made + them + over, + or, + + as + we + say + in + common + parlance. + ‘jobbed + + them.’ + πράσσειν + often + means + ‘to + in- + + trigue’ + in + a + bad + sense. + Cp. + esp. + + εἴ + τι + μὴ + ξὺν + ἀργυρῷ + | + ἐπράσσετ’ + + ἐνθένδ’, + and + note. + + ἀπώσαντες1] + ‘Setting + aside + my + deeds + +

+ Commentary +

+ of + valour,’ + i.e. + rejecting + from + consider- + + ation + my + valiant + services. + + 447. + 8. + διάστροφοι + | + γνώμης + ἀπῇξαν] + + Started + aside + from + my + purpose.’ + di: + + στροφοι + is + (1) + supplem. + predicate, + or + + perhaps + (2) + = + διάστροφοι + οὖσαι. + Cp. + + supr. + 258. + + 449. + ἐψήφισαν] + ‘Determined + by + vote. + + The + judges + would + be + said + ψηφίζεσθαι, + + to + give + their + votes.’ + The + generals, + + who + conducted + the + voting, + are + said + + ψηφίζειν, + ‘to + manage + by + votes,’ + as + Mene- + + laus + is + accused + of + having + done + dis- + + honestly, + infr. + 1135. + On + rare + uses + of + + the + active + voice + in + Soph., + see + Essay + on + + L. + § + 20. + p. + 51 + b; + § + 53. + p. + 98. + + 450. + Instead + of + γλαυκῶπις, + the + usual + + epithet + for + Athena, + Ajax + resentfully + uses + + Yopyamis, + with + some + recollection + of + + the + grim + appearance + of + the + goddess + as + + she + hounded + him + te + the + mad + onset, + + supr. + 59, + 60. + ἀδάματος + is + "invincible,’ + + not + merely + · + unwedded, + though + the + latter + + notion + may + be + contained + in + the + word. + + 451. + ἐπευθύνοντ’] + ‘In + act + of + stretch- + + ing + forth.’ + Ajax + (supr. + 49) + was + at + the + + tent-door + of + the + Atreidae, + and + had + little + + more + to + do + than + to + stretch + out + his + hand. + + The + v. + r. + ἐπεντύνοντα + would + mean + ‘arm- + + ing.’ + but + he + was + already + armed. + ἐπεν- + + relvovra + is + better, + but + is + probably + a + + correction + of + ἐπεντύνοντ’. + +

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453. τοιοῖσδε is said with a rueful glance at the slaughtered animals, which in his delirium he had taken for his enemies. 455. uod μὲν οὐχ Ebrros] ‘Not with my will, indeed.’ The will of Ajax is not crushed. He still protests against the Providence that has spared his foes, whom he regards as his inferiors, though they have triumphed. 457, 8. cms.. ἐχθαίρομαι] We are afterwards informed, infr. 756, that the Divine anger against Ajax is not per- manent. For ὅστις, without distinet antecedent, see Essay on L. § 39. p. 72. 2. 459. πεδία τάδε] Above all, for last night’s violence. 461. pbvous τ’ Ἀτρείδας] ‘And (leaving) the Atreidae to fight alone,’ i e. unsupported by Ajax, whose valour outweighs all others. 462. kat] "Then,’ in that case.’ καί here introduces an objection, as in καὶ

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as ; Cp. esp. Ant. 449, καὶ δῆτ’ ἐτόλμας robod ὑπερβαίνειν νόμους; ποῖον ὄμμα. Τελαμῶνι] ‘How shall I come before my father Telamon, and meet his eye?" As in O. T. 1371, ὄμμασιν ποίοις, the adjective has an ad- verbial force. 464 γυμνὸν .. ἄτερ For the ple- onasm, see Essay on L. § 40. p. 75. 5. 465. ‘Which he won for a glorious garland of renown.’ &v is an apposi- tional genitive. Essay on L. §10. p. 17, 6. 466. ἀλλὰ BAT Cp. Phil 1352, ἀλλ’ εἰκάθω δῆτα; .467. μόνος μόνοις] ‘In single opposi- tionꝰ Z oĩobe olos. The word is repeated for emphasis, without weighing the exact meaning. E. on L. § 44. p. ð3 foll. Cp. Shak. Cor. I. 4. ‘He is himself alone, | To answer ali the city.’ 469. Ajax, who has withdrawn frõm battle out of resentment against the Atreidae, cannot stultify himself in his last act of all.

+

+ 48 + SOPOKAEOYE + +

+

+ ὥστ’ + ἐν + τοιοῖσδε + χεῖρας + αἱμάξαι + βοτοῖς. + +

+

+ κεῖνοι + δ’ + ἐπεγγελῶσιν + ἐκπεφευγότες, + +

+

+ —* + - + z + +

+

+ ἐμοῦ + μὲν + οὐχ + ἑκόντος· + εἰ + δέ + τις + θεῶν + +

+

+ 2 + 2 + 2 + +

+

+ 455 + +

+

+ βλάπτοι, + φύγοι + τἂν + χὠ + κακὸς + τὸν + κρείσσονα. + +

+

+ ’ + +

+

+ καὶ + νῦν + τί + χρὴ + δρᾶν; + ὅστις + ἐμφανῶς + θεοῖς + +

+

+ ἐχθαίρομαι, + μισεῖ + δέ + μ’ + Ἑλλήνων + στρατός, + +

+

+ ἔκθει + δὲ + Τροία + πᾶσα + καὶ + πεδία + τάδε. + +

+

+ πότερα + πρὸς + οἴκους, + ναυλόχους + λιπὼν + ἕδρας + +

+

+ 6 + b. + +

+

+ μόνους + 7 + Ἀτρείδας, + πέλαγος + Αἰγαῖον + περῶ; + +

+

+ 461 + +

+

+ καὶ + ποῖον + ὄμμα + marpl + δηλώσω + φανεὶς + +

+

+ 2 + ; + +

+

+ Τελαμῶνι; + πῶς + με + τλήσεταί + ποτ’ + εἰσιδεῖν + +

+

+ 2 + 2 + * + 8 + +

+

+ γυμνὸν + φανέντα + τῶν + ἀριστείων + ἄτερ, + +

+

+ ὧν + αὐτὸς + ἔσχε + στέφανον + εὐκλείας + μέγαν; + +

+

+ 465 + +

+

+ οὐκ + ἔστι + τοὔργον + τλητόν. + ἀλλὰ + δῆτ’ + ἰὼν + +

+

+ 2 + +

+

+ πρὸς + ἔρυμα + Τρώων, + ἑυμπεσὼν + μόνος + μόνοις + +

+

+ X + 1 + z + 2. + z + z + +

+

+ καὶ + δρῶν + τι + χρηστόν, + εἶτα + λοίσθιον + θάνω; + +

+

+ ἀλλ’ + ὧδέ + γ’ + Ἀτρείδας + ἂν + εὐφράναιμί + που. + +

+

+ 455. + οὐχ + ἑκόντος] + γρ. + οὐκ + ἔχοντοσ + C. + +

+

+ 456. + 7dv] + γ’ + ἂν + L. + τἂν + Elmsl. + +

+

+ corr. + +

+

+ 469. + εὐφράναιμίη + εὐφραίναιμι + I. + +

+

+ εὐφράναιμί + A. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 453. + τοιοῖσδε + is + said + with + a + rueful + + glance + at + the + slaughtered + animals, + which + + in + his + delirium + he + had + taken + for + his + + enemies. + + 455. + uod + μὲν + οὐχ + Ebrros] + ‘Not + with + + my + will, + indeed.’ + The + will + of + Ajax + is + + not + crushed. + He + still + protests + against + + the + Providence + that + has + spared + his + foes, + + whom + he + regards + as + his + inferiors, + though + + they + have + triumphed. + + 457, + 8. + cms.. + ἐχθαίρομαι] + We + are + + afterwards + informed, + infr. + 756, + that + the + + Divine + anger + against + Ajax + is + not + per- + + manent. + For + ὅστις, + without + distinet + + antecedent, + see + Essay + on + L. + § + 39. + + p. + 72. + 2. + + 459. + πεδία + τάδε] + Above + all, + for + last + + night’s + violence. + + 461. + pbvous + τ’ + Ἀτρείδας] + ‘And + + (leaving) + the + Atreidae + to + fight + alone,’ + + i + e. + unsupported + by + Ajax, + whose + valour + + outweighs + all + others. + + 462. + kat] + "Then,’ + in + that + case.’ + καί + + here + introduces + an + objection, + as + in + καὶ + +

+ Commentary +

+ as + ; + Cp. + esp. + καὶ + δῆτ’ + ἐτόλμας + + robod + ὑπερβαίνειν + νόμους; + + ποῖον + ὄμμα. + Τελαμῶνι] + ‘How + shall + + I + come + before + my + father + Telamon, + and + + meet + his + eye?" + As + in + + ὄμμασιν + ποίοις, + the + adjective + has + an + ad- + + verbial + force. + + 464 + γυμνὸν + .. + ἄτερ + For + the + ple- + + onasm, + see + Essay + on + L. + § + 40. + p. + 75. + 5. + + 465. + ‘Which + he + won + for + a + glorious + + garland + of + renown.’ + &v + is + an + apposi- + + tional + genitive. + Essay + on + L. + §10. + p. + 17, + 6. + + 466. + ἀλλὰ + BAT + Cp. + + ἀλλ’ + εἰκάθω + δῆτα; + + .467. + μόνος + μόνοις] + ‘In + single + opposi- + + tionꝰ + Z + oĩobe + olos. + The + word + is + repeated + + for + emphasis, + without + weighing + the + + exact + meaning. + E. + on + L. + § + 44. + p. + ð3 + + foll. + Cp. + Shak. + Cor. + I. + 4. + ‘He + is + + himself + alone, + | + To + answer + ali + the + city.’ + + 469. + Ajax, + who + has + withdrawn + frõm + + battle + out + of + resentment + against + the + + Atreidae, + cannot + stultify + himself + in + his + + last + act + of + all. + +

-

471. τοιάδ’, ἀφ’ d1 Cp. Phil. 17, τοιάδ’, ἵν’ ἐν φύχει, kTA 472. The use of μή is occasioned by the notion of purpose which pervades the sentence. φύσιν γ’] In my real nature,’ though I am a craven in their estimation who have placed me beneath Odysseus. For a similar emphatic use of pov, cp. O. C. 270, πῶς ἐγῶ κακὸς φύσιν; 473 foll. He has sufficiently indicated his intention of suicide, and now gives his reason for it. τοῦ paxpod.. βίου] The article is added as with words of number or quantity. Cp. O. T. 518, piov τοῦ μακραίωνος, and for the sentiment, Fr. 867, ὅστις γὰρ ἐν κακοῖσιν ἱμείρει Biov, | ἢ δειλός criv ἢ δυσάλγητος φρένας : Plato, Phaedo 117 A, γέλωτα ὀφλήσειν παρ’ ἐμαυτῷ, γλίχόμενος τοῦ ζῆν καὶ φειδόμενος, οὐδε- νὸς ἔτι ἐνόντος. 474. ‘Who in a life of evils finds no release from them.’ κακοῖσιν is dative of circumstance. (E.on L. § 14. p. 20 a.) Cp. Eur. Suppl. 1042, τοῖς παρεστῶσιν κακοῖς. ἐξαλκάσσεται, sc. 7ov κακῶν. 475, 6. ‘For what pleasure is there in day following day? Can it add to or take away anything from death 7’ For the variafion in map’ uap fiuépa, cp. Ant. 596, γενεὰν yvos : Eur. Hec. 410, παρείαν Inapnt. The meaning is not here altemate days, but ‘day after day,’ i. e. the extension of time, ‘To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow.’ Cp. Shak. I. C. 3. 1,That we shall die, we know : ftis but the time And drawing days out, that men stand apon.’ τὸ κατ-

-

θανεῖν is the fact, i.e. the certainty of death. The opposites προσθεῖσα dv- αθεῖσα are both mentioned, although the latter only is in point. For this, cp. Ant. 39, λύουσ’ ἂν ἢ φάπτουσα; and for the disjunctive καί, Thuc. 5. 23, ἢν δέ τι δοκῇ. . προσθεῖναι kal dpeeiv. For the meaning, cp. Come he slow or come he fast, It is but Death that comes at last. Sir W. Scorr, Lord of the Isles. Also El. 1485, 6, τί yap βροτῶν ἂν σὺν κακοῖς μεμιγμένων | ὀνήσκων 6 μέλλων τοῦ χρόνου κέρδος φέροι; As in Pind. OL. 7. 110, ἂμ πάλον μέλλεν θέμεν, ἀνατιθέναι is here used in the sense of ‘"to retract,’ in which dva- τίθεσθαι often occurs. The absence of personal reference accounts for the active voice being preferred to the middle, as in supr. 449. &ioar: infr. 1037, μη- xavdv. Essay on L. § 31. p. 51 b. τί (or 1) is to be resumed with the second clause, ‘What pleasure can time give, by retracting what (or anything) ?’ Other explanations of these difficult lines are the following :—(1) ‘What joy can one day bring more than another, since it can only (ve) bring a man near to death and then reprieve him from it2’ (2) : What joy is brought by day suc- ceeding day, since all that it can do is to add something of death or to defer it?27 (2) ‘ What joy is there in days which alternately bring near and defer the doom of death 2’ 477. οὐδενὸς λόγου] ‘At any valua- tion.’

+

+ AlA. + 40 + +

+

+ 2 + n + - + a + z + 2 + +

+

+ οὐκ + ἔστι + ταῦτα. + πεῖρά + τις + ζητητέα + +

+

+ 0 + +

+

+ τοιάδ’, + ἀφ’ + ἧς + γέροντι + δηλώσω + πατρὶ + +

+

+ μή + τοι + φύσιν + γ’ + ἄσπλαγχνος + ἐκ + κείνου + yeyds. + +

+

+ z + ; + +

+

+ αἰσχρὸν + γὰρ + ἄνδρα + τοῦ + μακροῦ + χρῄζειν + βίου, + +

+

+ κακοῖσιν + ὅστις + μηδὲν + ἐξαλλάσσεται, + +

+

+ τί + γὰρ + παρ’ + ἦμαρ + ἡμέρα + τέρπειν + ἔχει + +

+

+ 475 + +

+

+ προσθεῖσα + κἀναθεῖσα + τοῦ + γε + κατθανεῖν; + +

+

+ ; + 5 + A + +

+

+ οὐκ + ἂν + πριαίμην + οὐδενὸς + λόγου + βροτόν, + +

+

+ 3 + +

+

+ 472. + φύσιν] + φυσ. + L. + φύσιν + C. + +

+

+ V]om. + A + pr. + +

+

+ 476. + κἀναθεῖσα] + κἀνα- + +

+

+ θεῖσα + Α. + κἀνεθεῖσα + CT. + κἀναθεῖσα + Ται. + a + V + (c. + gl. + προστεθεῖσα + ἄνεσιν + ἔχουσα + ). + +

+

+ a + +

+

+ κἀνεθεῖσα + Vat. + vc. + κἀνεθεῖσα + V5. + +

+

+ γε] + L. + ye + CVV, + +

+ Commentary +

+ 471. + τοιάδ’, + ἀφ’ + d1 + Cp. + + τοιάδ’, + ἵν’ + ἐν + φύχει, + kTA + + 472. + The + use + of + μή + is + occasioned + by + + the + notion + of + purpose + which + pervades + + the + sentence. + + φύσιν + γ’] + In + my + real + nature,’ + though + + I + am + a + craven + in + their + estimation + who + + have + placed + me + beneath + Odysseus. + For + + a + similar + emphatic + use + of + pov, + cp. + + πῶς + ἐγῶ + κακὸς + φύσιν; + + 473 + foll. + He + has + sufficiently + indicated + + his + intention + of + suicide, + and + now + gives + + his + reason + for + it. + + τοῦ + paxpod.. + βίου] + The + article + is + added + + as + with + words + of + number + or + quantity. + + Cp. + piov + τοῦ + μακραίωνος, + and + + for + the + sentiment, + Fr. + 867, + ὅστις + γὰρ + ἐν + + κακοῖσιν + ἱμείρει + Biov, + | + ἢ + δειλός + criv + ἢ + + δυσάλγητος + φρένας + : + + γέλωτα + ὀφλήσειν + παρ’ + ἐμαυτῷ, + + γλίχόμενος + τοῦ + ζῆν + καὶ + φειδόμενος, + οὐδε- + + νὸς + ἔτι + ἐνόντος. + + 474. + ‘Who + in + a + life + of + evils + finds + no + + release + from + them.’ + κακοῖσιν + is + dative + + of + circumstance. + (E.on + L. + § + 14. + p. + 20 + a.) + + Cp. + τοῖς + παρεστῶσιν + + κακοῖς. + ἐξαλκάσσεται, + sc. + 7ov + κακῶν. + + 475, + 6. + ‘For + what + pleasure + is + there + + in + day + following + day? + Can + it + add + to + or + + take + away + anything + from + death + 7’ + For + + the + variafion + in + map’ + uap + fiuépa, + cp. + + γενεὰν + yvos + : + + 596, + + παρείαν + + Inapnt. + The + meaning + is + not + here + + altemate + days, + but + ‘day + after + day,’ + i. + e. + + the + extension + of + time, + ‘To-morrow, + and + + to-morrow, + and + to-morrow.’ + Cp. + Shak. + + I. + C. + 3. + 1,That + we + shall + die, + we + know + : + + ftis + but + the + time + And + drawing + days + + out, + that + men + stand + apon.’ + τὸ + κατ- + +

+ Commentary +

+ θανεῖν + is + the + fact, + i.e. + the + certainty + of + + death. + The + opposites + προσθεῖσα + dv- + + αθεῖσα + are + both + mentioned, + although + + the + latter + only + is + in + point. + For + this, + cp. + + λύουσ’ + ἂν + ἢ + φάπτουσα; + and + for + + the + disjunctive + καί, + Thuc. + 5. + 23, + ἢν + δέ + τι + + δοκῇ. + . + προσθεῖναι + kal + dpeeiv. + For + the + + meaning, + cp. + + Come + he + slow + or + come + he + fast, + + It + is + but + Death + that + comes + at + last. + + Sir + W. + Scorr, + Lord + of + the + Isles. + + Also + τί + yap + βροτῶν + ἂν + σὺν + + κακοῖς + μεμιγμένων + | + ὀνήσκων + 6 + μέλλων + + τοῦ + χρόνου + κέρδος + φέροι; + + As + in + ἂμ + πάλον + + μέλλεν + θέμεν, + ἀνατιθέναι + is + here + used + in + + the + sense + of + ‘"to + retract,’ + in + which + dva- + + τίθεσθαι + often + occurs. + The + absence + of + + personal + reference + accounts + for + the + active + + voice + being + preferred + to + the + middle, + as + + in + supr. + 449. + &ioar: + infr. + 1037, + μη- + + xavdv. + Essay + on + L. + § + 31. + p. + 51 + b. + τί + + (or + 1) + is + to + be + resumed + with + the + second + + clause, + ‘What + pleasure + can + time + give, + + by + retracting + what + (or + anything) + ?’ + + Other + explanations + of + these + difficult + + lines + are + the + following + :—(1) + ‘What + joy + + can + one + day + bring + more + than + another, + + since + it + can + only + (ve) + bring + a + man + near + + to + death + and + then + reprieve + him + from + it2’ + + (2) + : + What + joy + is + brought + by + day + suc- + + ceeding + day, + since + all + that + it + can + do + is + + to + add + something + of + death + or + to + defer + + it?27 + (2) + ‘ + What + joy + is + there + in + days + + which + alternately + bring + near + and + defer + + the + doom + of + death + 2’ + + 477. + οὐδενὸς + λόγου] + ‘At + any + valua- + + tion.’ + +

+

+ vor. + II. + +

-

ὅστις κεναῖσιν ἐλπίσιν θερμαίνεται. ἀλλʼ ἢ καλῶς ζῆν, ἢ καλῶς τεθνηκέναι τὸν εὐγενῆ χρή· πάντʼ ἀκήκοας λόγον. οὐδεὶς ἐρεῖ ποθʼ ὡς ὑπόβλητον λόγον, ΧΟ. Αἴας, ἔλεξας, ἀλλὰ τῆς σαυτοῦ φρενός. παῦσαί γε μέντοι καὶ δὸς ἀνδράσιν φίλοις γνώμης κρατῆσαι, τάσδε φροντίδας μεθείς. ὦ δέσποτʼ Αἴας, τῆς ἀναγκαίας τύχης ΤΕ. οὐκ ἔστιν οὐδὲν μεῖζον ἀνθρώποις κακόν. ἐγὼ δʼ ἐλευθέρου μὲν ἐξέφυν πατρός, εἴπερ τινὸς σθένοντος ἐν πλούτῳ Φρυγῶν· νῦν δʼ εἰμὶ δούλη. θεοῖς γὰρ ὧδ’ ἔδοξέ που καὶ σῇ μάλιστα χειρί. τοιγαροῦν, ἐπεὶ τὸ σὸν λέχος ξυνῆλθον, εὖ φρονῶ τὰ σά, καί σʼ ἀντιάζω πρός τʼ ἐφεστίου Διὸς

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481. λόγον] λον L. λόγον C7. 482. τῆς σαυτοῦ] τῆσαὐτοῦ LΓ. τοῦ C7. 486. κακόν] .. ον L. κακὸν C7. 488. τινός] τινὸς C6Α.

-

τῆς σαυ-

-

478. κεναῖσιν] ‘Vain.’ because ren- dered fruitless by the certainty of death. 479. Cp. II. 15. 511, where Ajax says, βέλτερον ἢ ἀπολέσθαι ἕνα χρόνον ἠὲ βιῶναι. 481. ὑπόβλητον] ‘False’ i.e. unreal and not your own. Supr. 189, εἰ δʼ ὑπο- βαλλόμενοι | κλέπτουσι μύθους, κ.τ.λ. 482. ἀλλὰ τῆς σαυτοῦ φρενός] ‘But one proceeding from your inmost thought.’ 484. γνώμης κρατῆσαι] ‘To overrule thy purpose’ Cp. supr. 448, γνώμης ἀπῇξαν τῆς ἐμῆς. In Phil. 972, δούς is used absolutely with dat. of the person for ‘yielding to advice.’ Cp. Trach. 1117, δός μοι σεαυτόν. 485 foll. This speech of Tecmessa’s has a certain general resemblance to that of Andromache in Il. 6. 407 foll. τῆς ἀναγκαίας τύχης] ‘Helpless mis- fortune.’ ἀναγκαία τύχη is the crushing calamity that leaves its victim no chance of extricating himself. The phrase is touchingly expressive of Tecmessa’s orphaned and captive state.

-

488. εἴπερ τινός] The hypothetical clause εἴπερ τις is attracted, as a sort of pronoun, into the construction of the clause on which it depends. See Ε. on L. § 35. p. 60, and cp. ἔνιοι. So in O. C. 734, σθένουσαν.. εἴ τινʼ Ἑλλάδος. For σθένοντος ἐν πλούτῳ, cp. Pind. Isthm. 3. 2, σθένει πλούτου; Eur. El. 939. 489. που] ‘I suppose.’ 490. μάλιστα] ‘Above all.’ The power of Ajax is more manifest to Tecmessa than that of the gods them- selves, and she has learnt to adopt some- thing of his bold way of speaking about them. Cp. infr. 950-3. She knows, too, that it is dangerous in his presence to acknowledge the gods as supreme over him. Cp. infr. 589, 90. 491. τὸ σὸν λέχος ξύνῆλθον] Sc. σοί implied in τὸ σόν. ‘Since I came to wedlock with thee’ εὖ φρονῶ τὰ σά] ‘My thoughts are wholly for thy good.’ As she is one with him, she feels that she has a right to speak of what concerns them both. 492, 3. πρός τʼ ἐφεστίου Διὸς | εὐνῆς τε τῆς σῆς] ‘By Zeus who has watched

+

+ ὅστις + κεναῖσιν + ἐλπίσιν + θερμαίνεται. + + ἀλλʼ + ἢ + καλῶς + ζῆν, + ἢ + καλῶς + τεθνηκέναι + + τὸν + εὐγενῆ + χρή· + πάντʼ + ἀκήκοας + λόγον. + + οὐδεὶς + ἐρεῖ + ποθʼ + ὡς + ὑπόβλητον + λόγον, + + ΧΟ. + + Αἴας, + ἔλεξας, + ἀλλὰ + τῆς + σαυτοῦ + φρενός. + + παῦσαί + γε + μέντοι + καὶ + δὸς + ἀνδράσιν + φίλοις + + γνώμης + κρατῆσαι, + τάσδε + φροντίδας + μεθείς. + + ὦ + δέσποτʼ + Αἴας, + τῆς + ἀναγκαίας + τύχης + + ΤΕ. + + οὐκ + ἔστιν + οὐδὲν + μεῖζον + ἀνθρώποις + κακόν. + + ἐγὼ + δʼ + ἐλευθέρου + μὲν + ἐξέφυν + πατρός, + + εἴπερ + τινὸς + σθένοντος + ἐν + πλούτῳ + Φρυγῶν· + + νῦν + δʼ + εἰμὶ + δούλη. + θεοῖς + γὰρ + ὧδ’ + ἔδοξέ + που + + καὶ + σῇ + μάλιστα + χειρί. + τοιγαροῦν, + ἐπεὶ + + τὸ + σὸν + λέχος + ξυνῆλθον, + εὖ + φρονῶ + τὰ + σά, + + καί + σʼ + ἀντιάζω + πρός + τʼ + ἐφεστίου + Διὸς + +

+ Critical Apparatus +

+ 481. + λόγον] + λον + L. + λόγον + C7. + 482. + τῆς + σαυτοῦ] + τῆσαὐτοῦ + LΓ. + + τοῦ + C7. + 486. + κακόν] + .. + ον + L. + κακὸν + C7. + 488. + τινός] + τινὸς + C6Α. + +

+

+ τῆς + σαυ- + +

+ Commentary +

+ 478. + κεναῖσιν] + ‘Vain.’ + because + ren- + + dered + fruitless + by + the + certainty + of + + death. + + 479. + Cp. + where + Ajax + + says, + βέλτερον + ἢ + ἀπολέσθαι + ἕνα + χρόνον + + ἠὲ + βιῶναι. + + 481. + ὑπόβλητον] + ‘False’ + i.e. + unreal + + and + not + your + own. + Supr. + 189, + εἰ + δʼ + ὑπο- + + βαλλόμενοι | + κλέπτουσι + μύθους, + κ.τ.λ. + + 482. + ἀλλὰ + τῆς + σαυτοῦ + φρενός] + ‘But + + one + proceeding + from + your + inmost + + thought.’ + + 484. + γνώμης + κρατῆσαι] + ‘To + overrule + + thy + purpose’ + Cp. + supr. + 448, + γνώμης + + ἀπῇξαν + τῆς + ἐμῆς. + In + δούς + is + + used + absolutely + with + dat. + of + the + person + + for + ‘yielding + to + advice.’ + Cp. + + δός + μοι + σεαυτόν. + + 485 + foll. + This + speech + of + Tecmessa’s + + has + a + certain + general + resemblance + to + + that + of + Andromache + in + + τῆς + ἀναγκαίας + τύχης] + ‘Helpless + mis- + + fortune.’ + ἀναγκαία + τύχη + is + the + crushing + + calamity + that leaves + its + victim + no + chance + + of + extricating + himself. + The + phrase + is + + touchingly + expressive + of + Tecmessa’s + + orphaned + and + captive + state. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 488. + εἴπερ + τινός] + The + hypothetical + + clause + εἴπερ + τις + is + attracted, + as + a + sort + + of + pronoun, + into + the + construction + of + the + + clause + on + which + it + depends. + See + Ε. + on + + L. + § + 35. + p. + 60, + and + cp. + ἔνιοι. + So + in + + σθένουσαν.. + εἴ + τινʼ + Ἑλλάδος. + For + + σθένοντος + ἐν + πλούτῳ, + cp. + + 2, + σθένει + πλούτου; + + 489. + που] + ‘I + suppose.’ + + 490. + μάλιστα] + ‘Above + all.’ + The + + power + of + Ajax + is + more + manifest + to + + Tecmessa + than + that + of + the + gods + them- + + selves, + and + she + has + learnt + to + adopt + some- + + thing + of + his + bold + way + of + speaking + about + + them. + Cp. + infr. + 950-3. + She + knows, + + too, + that + it + is + dangerous + in + his + presence + + to + acknowledge + the + gods + as + supreme + + over + him. + Cp. + infr. + 589, + 90. + + 491. + τὸ + σὸν + λέχος + ξύνῆλθον] + Sc. + + σοί + implied + in + τὸ + σόν. + ‘Since + I came + + to + wedlock + with + thee’ + + εὖ + φρονῶ + τὰ + σά] + ‘My + thoughts + are + + wholly + for + thy + good.’ + As + she + is + one + + with + him, + she + feels + that + she + has + a + right + + to + speak + of + what + concerns + them + both. + + 492, + 3. + πρός + τʼ + ἐφεστίου + Διὸς + | + εὐνῆς + + τε + τῆς + σῆς] + ‘By + Zeus + who + has + watched + +

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over our hearth, and by my union with thee.’ Tecmessa’s claim rests (I) on her having been admitted by Ajax him- self to share his home ; (2) on the yet closer tie which binds them together. 493. ‘And by thy marriage bed wherein thou wast joined with me.’ For τῆ σῆς, cp. Il. 18. 433; Od. 4. 333. ξυναλλάξασθαι is here to enter upon a new relation with.’ Cp. especially Eur. I. A. 1157, οὗ σοι καταλλαχθεῖσα, k. T.A. 494. p μ’ ἀξιώσῃ5] ‘Have more regard for me than to let me.’ βάξιν] For βάζειν, of ill-natured talk, cp. Hes. Op. 184, robs dpa μέμψονται xahemois βάζοντες ἔπεσσι: (Eur.) Rhes. 718, ἑστίαν Ἀτρειδᾶν κα- κῶς | ἔβαζε. 495. χειρίαν ἐφεὶς τινί] ‘Letting me fall under the hand of some one.’ Cp. infr. 1297, ἐφῆκεν ἐλλοῖς ἰχθύσιν bia- φθοράν. 496. εἰ γὰρ θάνῃ5 σύ] Cp. O. C. 1443, εἴ σου στερηθῶ. Some editors ΕΣΕΕΣΕΕΣΣΣΣΕΥΝΥΧΝΣΣΣ. ταύτῃ, in I. 497. without pronominal correlative, cp. Trach. 719, 20, κεῖνος εἰ σφαλήσεται,| ταύτῃ σὺν ὁρμῇ κἀμὲ συνθὰνεῖν ἅμα. The slight inexactness is here supplemented by the addition of τῇ τότε. ἀφῇς7] Sc. ἡμᾶς.

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499. δουλίαν .. τροφήν] ‘ The life of slaves.’ For the condition of the cap- tive widow, cp. Od. 8. 526 foll. ἡ μὲν τὸν θνήσκοντά καὶ ἀσπαίροντ’ ἐσιδοῦσα, [ἀμφ’ αὐτῷ χυμένη λίγα κωκύει· οἱ δέ τ’ ὄπισθεν | κόπτοντες δούρεσσι μετά- φρενον ἠδὲ καὶ duovs, | εἴρέρον εἰσανά- γουσι πόνον τ’ ἐχέμεν καὶ ὀϊζύν· | τῆς δ’ ἐλεεινοτάτῳ ἄχεῖ φθινύθουσι παρῤειαί, and for that of the orphan, Il. 22. 490. Auap δ’ ὀρφανικὸν παναφήλικα, K. 7. . 500. πρόσφθεγμα here is what is spoken not to, but at or about a person. 501. λόγοις ἰάπτων] Hitting with sharpwords.’ The construction follows the analogy of B4Mav τινὰ λίθῳ. 502. μέγιστον ἴσχυσε] ‘ Surpassed all men in might.’ So the force of the aorist may be expressed. 503. olas Aarpelas] ‘What a life of servitude.’ The plural indicates the various menial actions included in λα- τρεία-. ἀνθ’ ὅσου ζήλου] ‘Instead of being so envied as she was.’ ζῆλος in the sense of an envied condition occurs several times in Demosthenes. See L. and S. s. v. 504. κἀμὲ μὲν δαίμων ἐλᾷ] ‘And I indeed shall go whither destiny shall drive me.’ Tecmessa means to say that her lot, however terrible, matters little,

+

+ AAE. + 51 + +

+

+ εὐνῆς + τε + τῆς + σῆς, + crAAdxOn + ἐμοί, + +

+

+ μή + μ’ + ἀξιώσῃς + βάξιν + ἀλγεινὴν + λαβεῖν + +

+

+ τῶν + σῶν + ὑπ’ + ἐχθρῶν, + χειρίαν + ἐφεὶς + τινί. + 495 + +

+

+ εἰ + γὰρ + θάνῃς + σὺ + καὶ + τελευτήσας + ἀφῇς, + +

+

+ ταύτῃ + νόμιζε + κἀμὲ + τῇ + τόθ’ + ἡμέρᾳ + +

+

+ βίᾳ + ξυναρπασθεῖσαν + Ἀργείων + ὕπο + +

+

+ ἐὺν + παιδὶ + τῷ + σῷ + δουλίαν + ἕξειν + τροφήν. + +

+

+ καί + τις + πικρὸν + πρόσφθεγμα + δεσποτῶν + ἐρεῖ + 500 + +

+

+ λόγοις + ἰάπτων, + ἴδετε + τὴν + ὁμευνέτιν + +

+

+ Αἴαντος, + bs + μέγιστον + ἴσχυσε + στρατοῦ, + +

+

+ οἵας + λατρείας + ἀνθ’ + ὅσου + ζήλου + τρέφει. + +

+

+ τοιαῦτ’ + ἐρεῖ + τις· + κἀμὲ + μὲν + δαίμων + ἐλᾷ, + +

+

+ 7 + a. + +

+

+ 493. + As + A. + συνηλλάχθης] + συναλλάχθης + L. + συνηλλάχθης + AT. + 495. + ἐφείς] + +

+

+ ἀφείς + AC. + ἐφεὶς + T. + 496. + εἰ] + 7v + A. + εἰ + ΤΜ. + iw + Vat. + ac + VSMA. + θάνῃς] + +

+

+ θάνεις + L. + θάνηισ + C. + θάνης + Pal. + τελευτήσα] + τελευτήσεισ + LPV. + τελευτήσας + CP. + +

+

+ ἀφῆς] + ἀφ’ + ἧς + L2 + Pal. + "deis + Pal. + pr. + V. + ἀφείς + M. + +

+

+ 499. + δούλιαν] + δούλιον + LD. + +

+

+ δουλίαν + C. + +

+

+ 501. + ἰάπτων] + γρ. + ἀτίζων + Cs, + +

+

+ ἰάπτων + Vat. + ac. + πέμπων + V. + +

+ Commentary +

+ over + our + hearth, + and + by + my + union + with + + thee.’ + Tecmessa’s + claim + rests + (I) + on + + her + having + been + admitted + by + Ajax + him- + + self + to + share + his + home + ; + (2) + on + the + yet + + closer + tie + which + binds + them + together. + + 493. + ‘And + by + thy + marriage + bed + + wherein + thou + wast + joined + with + me.’ + For + + τῆ + σῆς, + cp. + + Il. + 18. + 433; + + + ξυναλλάξασθαι + is + here + to + enter + upon + a + + new + relation + with.’ + Cp. + especially + + οὗ + σοι + καταλλαχθεῖσα, + k. + T.A. + + 494. + p + μ’ + ἀξιώσῃ5] + ‘Have + more + + regard + for + me + than + to + let + me.’ + + βάξιν] + For + βάζειν, + of + ill-natured + + talk, + cp. + robs + dpa + + μέμψονται + xahemois + βάζοντες + ἔπεσσι: + + ἑστίαν + Ἀτρειδᾶν + κα- + + κῶς + | + ἔβαζε. + + 495. + χειρίαν + ἐφεὶς + τινί] + ‘Letting + me + + fall + under + the + hand + of + some + one.’ + Cp. + + infr. + 1297, + ἐφῆκεν + ἐλλοῖς + ἰχθύσιν + bia- + + φθοράν. + + 496. + εἰ + γὰρ + θάνῃ5 + σύ] + Cp. + + εἴ + σου + στερηθῶ. + Some + editors + + ΕΣΕΕΣΕΕΣΣΣΣΕΥΝΥΧΝΣΣΣ. + + ταύτῃ, + in + I. + 497. + without + pronominal + + correlative, + cp. + κεῖνος + + εἰ + σφαλήσεται,| + ταύτῃ + σὺν + ὁρμῇ + κἀμὲ + + συνθὰνεῖν + ἅμα. + The + slight + inexactness + + is + here + supplemented + by + the + addition + of + + τῇ + τότε. + + ἀφῇς7] + Sc. + ἡμᾶς. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 499. + δουλίαν + .. + τροφήν] + ‘ + The + life + of + + slaves.’ + For + the + condition + of + the + cap- + + tive + widow, + cp. + ἡ + μὲν + + τὸν + θνήσκοντά + καὶ + ἀσπαίροντ’ + ἐσιδοῦσα, + + [ἀμφ’ + αὐτῷ + χυμένη + λίγα + κωκύει· + οἱ + δέ + + τ’ + ὄπισθεν + | + κόπτοντες + δούρεσσι + μετά- + + φρενον + ἠδὲ + καὶ + duovs, + | + εἴρέρον + εἰσανά- + + γουσι + πόνον + τ’ + ἐχέμεν + καὶ + ὀϊζύν· + | + τῆς + + δ’ + ἐλεεινοτάτῳ + ἄχεῖ + φθινύθουσι + παρῤειαί, + + and + for + that + of + the + orphan, + + Auap + δ’ + ὀρφανικὸν + παναφήλικα, + K. + 7. + . + + 500. + πρόσφθεγμα + here + is + what + is + + spoken + not + to, + but + at + or + about + a + person. + + 501. + λόγοις + ἰάπτων] + Hitting + with + + sharpwords.’ + The + construction + follows + + the + analogy + of + B4Mav + τινὰ + λίθῳ. + + 502. + μέγιστον + ἴσχυσε] + ‘ + Surpassed + + all + men + in + might.’ + So + the + force + of + the + + aorist + may + be + expressed. + + 503. + olas + Aarpelas] + ‘What + a + life + of + + servitude.’ + The + plural + indicates + the + + various + menial + actions + included + in + λα- + + τρεία-. + + ἀνθ’ + ὅσου + ζήλου] + ‘Instead + of + being + + so + envied + as + she + was.’ + ζῆλος + in + the + + sense + of + an + envied + condition + occurs + + several + times + in + Demosthenes. + See + L. + + and + S. + s. + v. + + 504. + κἀμὲ + μὲν + δαίμων + ἐλᾷ] + ‘And + I + + indeed + shall + go + whither + destiny + shall + + drive + me.’ + Tecmessa + means + to + say + that + + her + lot, + however + terrible, + matters + little, + +

+

+ E + 2 + +

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but that the honour of Ajax and his race is in question. 508. κληροῦχον] ‘Inheritress,’ i.e. possessor. The specific word is used with a generic meaning. Essay on L. 5 52. p. OF- 510. εἶ| ‘To think how.’ Essay on L. § 28. p. 46. 510, II. véas.. pbves] "With his young life uncared for, bereaved of you,’ either (I) ‘he will live his life’ (see L. and S. s. v. διαφέρω), or (2) ‘he will be torn in pieces? (= διαφορηθήσεται). Against (I), which is the Scholiast’s and Musgrave’s interpretation, it may be urged that ὑπ’ ὀρφανιστῶν ="at the mercy of guardians,’ is rather abrupt aſter διοίσεται in this sense, and that the only authority for this use of the middle voice of διαφέρω is Hippocrates, Art. 823: against (2), which is sub- stantially Hermann’s, it can only be said that strictly passive uses of οἴσομαι are rate. Hesychius and the ancient scholiast support (1). For (2) cp. Dem, contr. Steph. p. 1120, 64, ἐπειδὴ δ’ ἀπώλετ’ ἐκεῖνοο, οὐχ ἥκιστα ὑπὸ To- rov καὶ τῶν τοιούτων διαφορηθείς. For

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νέα τροφή, cp. O. C. 345, 6, ἐξ ὅτου vas | τροφῆς ἔληξε καὶ κατίσχυσεν deuas. 512. ὑπ’ ὀρφανιστῶν μὴ φίλων] Tecmessa bitterly remarks that the only guardians of Eurysaces' orphanhood will not be true guardians, but enemies. ὅσον κακόν, kcA.] These words resume the suppressed antecedent of the hypothetical clause, εἰ véas, κιτ λ. 516. ‘And another doom, etc.; ie. they were not slain in the destruction of the city. Cp. II. 6. 428. The cor- rection from καὶ μητέρ· ἀλλ’ to καὶ μητέρ’ ἄλλη. is not without MS. au- thority, and is every way necessary; above all as Sophocles thus avoids making Ajax the slayer of Tecmessa’s parents. But Hermann’s suggestion that a line may have dropped onut between 515 and 516, deserves consideration. As he points out, rather than sal would seem to be the natural conjune- tion as the sentence stands. 517. Gavacipous is proleptic: ‘Laid them low in death and made them in- habitants of the unseen world.’ 518, 19. τίς5 . . πλοῦτο] ‘What home

+

+ 52 + ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

+

+ a + M + 2 + +

+

+ σοὶ + alocxpa + τἄπη + ταῦτα + καὶ + τῷ + σῷ + γένει. + +

+

+ 505 + +

+

+ ἀλλ’ + αἴδεσαι + μὲν + πατέρα + τὸν + σὸν + ἐν + λυγρῷ + +

+

+ X + X + 2 + 2 + +

+

+ γήρᾳ + προλείπων, + αἴδεσαι + δὲ + μητέρα + +

+

+ πολλῶν + ἐτῶν + κληροῦχον, + ἥ + σε + πολλάκις + +

+

+ θεοῖς + ἀρᾶται + ζῶντα + πρὸς + δόμους + μολεῖν· + +

+

+ οἴκτειρε + δ’, + dva, + παῖδα + τὸν + σόν, + εἰ + νέας + +

+

+ 2 + 2 + ’ + ; + ’ + +

+

+ τροφῆς + στερηθεὶς + σοῦ + διοίσεται + μόνος + +

+

+ 2 + c + " + z + z + +

+

+ ὑπ’ + ὀρφανιστῶν + μὴ + φίλων, + ὅσον + κακὸν + +

+

+ 2 + X + +

+

+ κείνῳ + τε + κἀμοὶ + τοῦθ’, + ὅταν + θάνῃς, + νεμεῖς. + +

+

+ n’ + 4 + z + 7 + +

+

+ ἐμοὶ + γὰρ + οὐκέτ’ + ἐστὶν + εἰς + 8 + τι + βλέπω + +

+

+ ; + 1 + z + +

+

+ πλὴν + σοῦ. + σὺ + γάρ + μοι + πατρίδ’ + ᾖστωσας + δορί, + +

+

+ 515 + +

+

+ καὶ + μητέρ’ + ἄλλη + μοῖρα + τὸν + φύσαντά + τε + +

+

+ καθεῖλεν + ἅιδου + θανασίμους + οἰκήτορας. + +

+

+ τίς + buol + γένοιτ’ + dv + ἀντὶ + σοῦ + πατρίς; + +

+

+ 2 + 2 + 2 + z + +

+

+ 505. + σοὶ + ) + σοὶτ’ + L. + σοὶ + δ’ + C. + +

+

+ 508. + σε] + pe + L. + +

+

+ ce + C. + +

+

+ 509. + ἀρᾶται] + +

+

+ 513. + νεμεῖς] + νεμεῖ + A. + +

+

+ 514. + ἐστίν1 + ἐστὶ + L. + +

+

+ ic + ACO). + +

+

+ ἀρᾶ(ι)ται + L. + +

+

+ 515. + σύ] + σοὶ + L. + μοι] + μου + I. + +

+

+ 516. + μητέρ’ + ἄλλη] + sic + Γ. + +

+

+ μητέρ’· + ἀλλ’ + ἡ + Cett. + +

+

+ 7 + reue + L.. + 7e) + pe + C. + pe + AVat. + ac + MM2. + re + ΓΙΡ1. + +

+

+ 518. + γένοιτ’ + ἂν + ἀντῶ + +

+

+ γῶοιτ’ + ἀντὶ + L. + γένοιτ’ + ἂν + ἀντὶ + CA. + +

+ Commentary +

+ but + that + the + honour + of + Ajax + and + his + + race + is + in + question. + + 508. + κληροῦχον] + ‘Inheritress,’ + i.e. + + possessor. + The + specific + word + is + used + + with + a + generic + meaning. + Essay + on + L. + + 5 + 52. + p. + OF- + + 510. + εἶ| + ‘To + think + how.’ + Essay + on + + L. + § + 28. + p. + 46. + + 510, + II. + véas.. + pbves] + "With + his + + young + life + uncared + for, + bereaved + of + you,’ + + either + (I) + ‘he + will + live + his + life’ + (see + L. + + and + S. + s. + v. + διαφέρω), + or + (2) + ‘he + will + be + + torn + in + pieces? + (= + διαφορηθήσεται). + + Against + (I), + which + is + the + Scholiast’s + + and + Musgrave’s + interpretation, + it + may + + be + urged + that + ὑπ’ + ὀρφανιστῶν + ="at + the + + mercy + of + guardians,’ + is + rather + abrupt + + aſter + διοίσεται + in + this + sense, + and + that + + the + only + authority + for + this + use + of + the + + middle + voice + of + διαφέρω + is + Hippocrates, + + Art. + 823: + against + (2), + which + is + sub- + + stantially + Hermann’s, + it + can + only + be + + said + that + strictly + passive + uses + of + οἴσομαι + + are + rate. + Hesychius + and + the + ancient + + scholiast + support + (1). + For + (2) + cp. + + Dem, + contr. + Steph. + p. + 1120, + 64, + ἐπειδὴ + + δ’ + ἀπώλετ’ + ἐκεῖνοο, + οὐχ + ἥκιστα + ὑπὸ + To- + + rov + καὶ + τῶν + τοιούτων + διαφορηθείς. + For + +

+ Commentary +

+ νέα + τροφή, + cp. + ἐξ + ὅτου + + vas + | + τροφῆς + ἔληξε + καὶ + κατίσχυσεν + + deuas. + + 512. + ὑπ’ + ὀρφανιστῶν + μὴ + φίλων] + + Tecmessa + bitterly + remarks + that + the + only + + guardians + of + Eurysaces' + orphanhood + + will + not + be + true + guardians, + but + enemies. + + ὅσον + κακόν, + kcA.] + These + words + + resume + the + suppressed + antecedent + of + the + + hypothetical + clause, + εἰ + véas, + κιτ + λ. + + 516. + ‘And + another + doom, + etc.; + ie. + + they + were + not + slain + in + the + destruction + + of + the + city. + Cp. + The + cor- + + rection + from + καὶ + μητέρ· + ἀλλ’ + to + καὶ + + μητέρ’ + ἄλλη. + is + not + without + MS. + au- + + thority, + and + is + every + way + necessary; + + above + all + as + Sophocles + thus + avoids + + making + Ajax + the + slayer + of + Tecmessa’s + + parents. + But + Hermann’s + suggestion + that + + a + line + may + have + dropped + onut + between + + 515 + and + 516, + deserves + consideration. + + As + he + points + out, + rather + than + sal + + would + seem + to + be + the + natural + conjune- + + tion + as + the + sentence + stands. + + 517. + Gavacipous + is + proleptic: + ‘Laid + + them + low + in + death + and + made + them + in- + + habitants + of + the + unseen + world.’ + + 518, + 19. + τίς5 + . + . + πλοῦτο] + ‘What + home + +

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’. A 2 2 τίς πλοῦτος; ἐν σοὶ πᾶσ’ ἔγωγε σώζομαι. r x ] 2 2 ἀλλ’ ἴσχε kduob μνῆστιν. ἀνδρί τοι χρεὼν μνήμην προσεῖναι, τερπνὸν εἴ τί που πάθοι. Χάρις χάριν γάρ ἐστιν ἡ τίκτουσ’ det ὅτου δ’ ἀπορρεῖ μνῆστις εὖ πεπονθότος, οὐκ ἂν γένοιτ’ ἔθ’ οὗτος εὐγενὴς ἀνήρ. XO. Αἴας, ἔχειν σ’ ἂν oleros ὡς κἀγὼ φρενὶ θέλοιμ’ ἄν· αἰνοίης γὰρ ἂν τὰ τῆσδ’ ἔπη. ΑΙ. καὶ κάρτ’ ἐπαίνου τεύξεται πρὸς γοῦν ἐμοῦ, ἐὰν μόνον τὸ ταχθὲν εὖ τολμᾷ τελεῖν. TE. ἀλλ’, ὦ φίλ’ Alas, πάντ’ ἔγωγε πείσομαι. ΑΙ. κόμιζέ νύν μοι παῖδα τὸν ἐμόν, ὡς ἴδω. TE. kal μὴν φόβοισί γ’ αὐτὸν ἐξελυσάμην. Al. ἐν τοῖσδε τοῖς κακοῖσιν, ἢ τί μοι λέγεις; TE. μὴ σοί γέ που δύστηνος ἀντήσας θάνοι. Al. πρέπον γέ τἂν ἦν δαίμονος τοὐμοῦ τόδε,

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519. πᾶσ’] ma . . L. πᾶσ’ C. πᾶσιν σΤ. 521. πάθοι] πάθηι L. πάθοι A. naon T. 524. γένοιτ’ ἔθ’] γένοιτό ποθ’ A. γένοιθ’ o6ros I. 530. νυν| νῦν L. 534. τὰν ἦν] τῆν ἄν A. γέ τ’ ἂν ἢν Γ.

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can eer be mine to compensate for thee? What fortune ?’ 519. &v σοὶ πᾶσ’ ἔγωγε σώζομαι] My hopes all rest on thee.’ For this use of πᾶς, see Essay on L. § 23. p. 38; and cp. supr. 275. 520 foll. Tecmessa, from l. 505 on- wards, has tried to put herself out of sight, and to move Ajax by appealing to other interests. But in concluding she retums to the direct personal ap- peal with which she began. And when this fails to rouse him, she even ventures a word of affectionate re- proach. 525, 6. For dv repeated, see Essay on L. § 27. p. 46 ε. 527, 8. The alliteration with r helps to express harshness here. Ajax will not own to feeling pity for Tecmessa, but catches at the word αἰνοίης. 528. ἐὰν .. τολμᾳ] Ajax is not think- ing of the fears which Tecmessa pre- sently expresses. He simply means, ‘I am ready enough to praise her if instead

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of weak complaints she will bring her- self to do what I command.’ 531. ‘Oh,—it was in my terror—1 conveyed him out of the way.’ Tecmessa. is divided between obedience and fear, and interposes an excuse. The particles, καὶ pAv.. ve, call attention to some- thing which tends to limit or delay com- pliance. "Why, so I can, Sir, but-—" (Othello, 3. 4). Cp. O. T. 749. καὶ μὴν ὀκνῶ pv: infr. 539. 532. By using the general word κακοῖσιν, Ajax avoids specifying the evil, which is too manifest. τί μοι λέγει;] ‘ What mean you, pray?’ Cp. O. T. 954, τί μοι λέγει; pot here expresses impatience. 533. Tecmessa cannot withhold the truth from Ajax. Cp. supr. 315. 5234. ‘That truly would have been in character with my destiny.’ The de- scriptive genitive (=nps δαίμονοε τοὐ- μοῦ) takes the place of the more usual dative after the participle. Cp. Plat. Polit. 271 E, τῆς τοιαύτης . . κατακοσμή- σεως ἑπόμενα.

+

+ ’. + A + 2 + 2 + + τίς + πλοῦτος; + ἐν + σοὶ + πᾶσ’ + ἔγωγε + σώζομαι. + + r + x + ] + 2 + 2 + + ἀλλ’ + ἴσχε + kduob + μνῆστιν. + ἀνδρί + τοι + χρεὼν + + μνήμην + προσεῖναι, + τερπνὸν + εἴ + τί + που + πάθοι. + + Χάρις + χάριν + γάρ + ἐστιν + ἡ + τίκτουσ’ + det + + ὅτου + δ’ + ἀπορρεῖ + μνῆστις + εὖ + πεπονθότος, + + οὐκ + ἂν + γένοιτ’ + ἔθ’ + οὗτος + εὐγενὴς + ἀνήρ. + + XO. + Αἴας, + ἔχειν + σ’ + ἂν + oleros + ὡς + κἀγὼ + φρενὶ + + θέλοιμ’ + ἄν· + αἰνοίης + γὰρ + ἂν + τὰ + τῆσδ’ + ἔπη. + + ΑΙ. + καὶ + κάρτ’ + ἐπαίνου + τεύξεται + πρὸς + γοῦν + ἐμοῦ, + + ἐὰν + μόνον + τὸ + ταχθὲν + εὖ + τολμᾷ + τελεῖν. + + TE. + ἀλλ’, + ὦ + φίλ’ + Alas, + πάντ’ + ἔγωγε + πείσομαι. + + ΑΙ. + κόμιζέ + νύν + μοι + παῖδα + τὸν + ἐμόν, + ὡς + ἴδω. + + TE. + kal + μὴν + φόβοισί + γ’ + αὐτὸν + ἐξελυσάμην. + + Al. + ἐν + τοῖσδε + τοῖς + κακοῖσιν, + ἢ + τί + μοι + λέγεις; + + TE. + μὴ + σοί + γέ + που + δύστηνος + ἀντήσας + θάνοι. + + Al. + πρέπον + γέ + τἂν + ἦν + δαίμονος + τοὐμοῦ + τόδε, + +

+ Critical Apparatus +

+ 519. + πᾶσ’] + ma + . + . + L. + πᾶσ’ + C. + πᾶσιν + σΤ. + 521. + πάθοι] + πάθηι + L. + πάθοι + A. + + naon + T. + 524. + γένοιτ’ + ἔθ’] + γένοιτό + ποθ’ + A. + γένοιθ’ + o6ros + I. + 530. + νυν| + + νῦν + L. + 534. + τὰν + ἦν] + τῆν + ἄν + A. + γέ + τ’ + ἂν + ἢν + Γ. + +

+ Commentary +

+ can + eer + be + mine + to + compensate + for + + thee? + What + fortune + ?’ + + 519. + &v + σοὶ + πᾶσ’ + ἔγωγε + σώζομαι] + + My + hopes + all + rest + on + thee.’ + For + this + + use + of + πᾶς, + see + Essay + on + L. + § + 23. + p. + 38; + + and + cp. + supr. + 275. + + 520 + foll. + Tecmessa, + from + l. + 505 + on- + + wards, + has + tried + to + put + herself + out + of + + sight, + and + to + move + Ajax + by + appealing + + to + other + interests. + But + in + concluding + + she + retums + to + the + direct + personal + ap- + + peal + with + which + she + began. + And + when + + this + fails + to + rouse + him, + she + even + + ventures + a + word + of + affectionate + re- + + proach. + + 525, + 6. + For + dv + repeated, + see + Essay + + on + L. + § + 27. + p. + 46 + ε. + + 527, + 8. + The + alliteration + with + r + + helps + to + express + harshness + here. + Ajax + + will + not + own + to + feeling + pity + for + + Tecmessa, + but + catches + at + the + word + + αἰνοίης. + + 528. + ἐὰν + .. + τολμᾳ] + Ajax + is + not + think- + + ing + of + the + fears + which + Tecmessa + pre- + + sently + expresses. + He + simply + means, + ‘I + + am + ready + enough + to + praise + her + if + instead + +

+ Commentary +

+ of + weak + complaints + she + will + bring + her- + + self + to + do + what + I + command.’ + + 531. + ‘Oh,—it + was + in + my + terror—1 + + conveyed + him + out + of + the + way.’ + Tecmessa. + + is + divided + between + obedience + and + fear, + + and + interposes + an + excuse. + The + particles, + + καὶ + pAv.. + ve, + call + attention + to + some- + + thing + which + tends + to + limit + or + delay + com- + + pliance. + "Why, + so + I + can, + Sir, + but-—" + + (Othello, + 3. + 4). + Cp. + καὶ + + μὴν + ὀκνῶ + pv: + infr. + 539. + + 532. + By + using + the + general + word + + κακοῖσιν, + Ajax + avoids + specifying + the + + evil, + which + is + too + manifest. + + τί + μοι + λέγει;] + ‘ + What + mean + you, + + pray?’ + Cp. + τί + μοι + λέγει; + + pot + here + expresses + impatience. + + 533. + Tecmessa + cannot + withhold + the + + truth + from + Ajax. + Cp. + supr. + 315. + + 5234. + ‘That + truly + would + have + been + in + + character + with + my + destiny.’ + The + de- + + scriptive + genitive + (=nps + δαίμονοε + τοὐ- + + μοῦ) + takes + the + place + of + the + more + usual + + dative + after + the + participle. + Cp. + Plat. + + Polit. + 271 + E, + τῆς + τοιαύτης + . + . + κατακοσμή- + + σεως + ἑπόμενα. + +

-

TE. ἀλλ’ οὖν ἐγὼ’φύλαξα τοῦτό γ’ ἀρκέσαι. Al ἐπῄνεσ’ ἔργον καὶ πρόνοιαν ἢν ἔθου. TE. τί 8ῆτ’ ἂν ὡς ἐκ τῶνδ’ ἂν ὠφελοῖμί σε; 2 2 ’ — Al. δός μοι προσειπεῖν αὐτὸν ἐμφανῆ T ἰδεῖν. TE. καὶ μὴν πέλας ye προσπόλοις φυλάσσεται. Al. τί δῆτα μέλλει μὴ οὐ παρουσίαν ἔχειν; D 2 2 2 r TE. & παῖ, πατὴρ καλεῖ ce. δεῦρο προσπόλων ἄγ’ αὐτὸν ὅσπερ χερσὶν εὐθύνων κυρεῖς. ΑΙ. ἕρποντι φωνεῖς, ἢ λελειμμένῳ λόγων; TE. καὶ δὴ κομίζει προσπόλων ὅδ’ ἐγγύθεν. ΑΙ αἶρ’ αὐτόν, αἶρε δεῦρο. ταρβήσει γὰρ od Ζ z νεοσφαγῆ mov τόνδε προσλεύσσων φόνον, v ’ f 2 X X 50 εἴπερ δικαίως ἔστ’ ἐμὸς τὰ πατρόθεν. ἀλλ’ αὐτίκ’ ὠμοῖς αὐτὸν ἐν νόμοις πατρὸς

-

537. φυλάσσεται] φυλάσεται L. 535 ’φύλαξα] φυλάξω 1.. ꝙvxata.C. 543. λελειμμένῳ] gl. οὐκ φυλάσσεται C. 539. γε] om. A. add A. ου ἀκούοντι Coò. 544. ὅδ’] ὧδ’ L. ὅδ’ A. 546. που λόγων] λόγων CB. τόνδε] τοῦ τόνδε LLIVM. που τόνδε AVMI mg. τοῦτον γε ΤΜ. τοῦτόν ye Vat. ac. προσλεύσσων] προσλεύσων LT Pal. προσλεύσσων A. 547 · δικαίως] διχαίωσ L. δικαίωσ CA.

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535. ‘Well, my watchfulness did that service at any rate.’ Join τοῦτο with dpkécar, ie. τὸ μὴ θανεῖν σφε, 536. ἐπήνεσ’] For this use of the aorist, see Essay on L. § 32, 6. p. 55. Ajax still speaks as a master to a slave, but he feels to the full extent the service rendered in saving the life of his son. 537. Tecmessaremainsirresolute, till, in 540, Ajax’ anger begins to rise. 540. παρουσίαν ἔχειν － παρεῖναι. So in Ant. 237, ἔχεις ἀθυμίαν = ἀθυμεῖς, and supr. 139. uvov xw=bivd. 541. προσπόλων] For this partitive genitive, see Essay on L. § 10. p. I5. 542. ὅσπερ . . κυρεῖ] These words indicate that the child cannot yet go alone. 543. ἕρποντι] Sc. τῷ προσπόλῳ, I.è. iDoes he come when you speak?’ Essay on L. § 42. p. 80 B. ἢ λελειμμένῳ λόγων] ‘Or do your words not reach to him ?’ 545. αἶρε δεῦρο] ‘ Lift him hither.’ Said to the attendant who brings in the child, and is to hand him to Ajax over the carcases of the sheep, etc.

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ταρβήσει γὰρ o] Essay on L. § 41. p. 78 . x. 546. For the late position of που, see Essay on L. § 26. p. 44. It ĩs occasioned by the energy with which the emphatic words rapBfice.. οὔ are brought into prominence. Dindorf would read τοῦτόν ye, supposing the whole line to be an interpolation. But this is gratuitous, and the excision of the line leaves a sensible gap in the sense. 547. δικαίως] ‘Truly;’ ie. in a manner rightly answering to the descrip- tion. Cp. O. T. 853, pavei δικαίως ὀρθόν Trach. 1158, φανεῖς ὁποῖος w ἀνὴρ ἐμὸς καλεῖ. In this speech, as well as supr. 487 foll, there is a resemblance to the sixth Iliad (see esp. 11. 476-481). 548. ἀλλά opposes what follows (though not in strict logic) to the pre- ceding negative. ὠμοῖς .. ἐν νόμοις πατρὸς .. πωλο- δαμνεῖν] ‘To train him, like a young colt, in his father's rugged ways.’ For ὠμοῖς, cp. supr. 205, ὠμοκράτής, and note. And for νόμοις, Ant. 191, τοιοῖσδ’

+

+ TE. + ἀλλ’ + οὖν + ἐγὼ’φύλαξα + τοῦτό + γ’ + ἀρκέσαι. + + Al + ἐπῄνεσ’ + ἔργον + καὶ + πρόνοιαν + ἢν + ἔθου. + + TE. + τί + 8ῆτ’ + ἂν + ὡς + ἐκ + τῶνδ’ + ἂν + ὠφελοῖμί + σε; + + 2 + 2 + ’ + — + + Al. + δός + μοι + προσειπεῖν + αὐτὸν + ἐμφανῆ + T + ἰδεῖν. + + TE. + καὶ + μὴν + πέλας + ye + προσπόλοις + φυλάσσεται. + + Al. + τί + δῆτα + μέλλει + μὴ + οὐ + παρουσίαν + ἔχειν; + + D + 2 + 2 + 2 + r + + TE. + & + παῖ, + πατὴρ + καλεῖ + ce. + δεῦρο + προσπόλων + + ἄγ’ + αὐτὸν + ὅσπερ + χερσὶν + εὐθύνων + κυρεῖς. + + ΑΙ. + ἕρποντι + φωνεῖς, + ἢ + λελειμμένῳ + λόγων; + + TE. + καὶ + δὴ + κομίζει + προσπόλων + ὅδ’ + ἐγγύθεν. + + ΑΙ + αἶρ’ + αὐτόν, + αἶρε + δεῦρο. + ταρβήσει + γὰρ + od + + Ζ + z + + νεοσφαγῆ + mov + τόνδε + προσλεύσσων + φόνον, + + v + ’ + f + 2 + X + X + 50 + + εἴπερ + δικαίως + ἔστ’ + ἐμὸς + τὰ + πατρόθεν. + + ἀλλ’ + αὐτίκ’ + ὠμοῖς + αὐτὸν + ἐν + νόμοις + πατρὸς + +

+ Critical Apparatus +

+ 537. + φυλάσσεται] + φυλάσεται + L. + + 535 + ’φύλαξα] + φυλάξω + 1.. + ꝙvxata.C. + + 543. + λελειμμένῳ] + gl. + οὐκ + + φυλάσσεται + C. + 539. + γε] + om. + A. + add + A. + + ου + + ἀκούοντι + Coò. + 544. + ὅδ’] + ὧδ’ + L. + ὅδ’ + A. + 546. + που + + λόγων] + λόγων + CB. + + τόνδε] + τοῦ + τόνδε + LLIVM. + που + τόνδε + AVMI + mg. + τοῦτον + γε + ΤΜ. + τοῦτόν + ye + + Vat. + ac. + προσλεύσσων] + προσλεύσων + LT + Pal. + προσλεύσσων + A. + 547 + · + + δικαίως] + διχαίωσ + L. + δικαίωσ + CA. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 535. + ‘Well, + my + watchfulness + did + + that + service + at + any + rate.’ + Join + τοῦτο + + with + dpkécar, + ie. + τὸ + μὴ + θανεῖν + σφε, + + 536. + ἐπήνεσ’] + For + this + use + of + the + + aorist, + see + Essay + on + L. + § + 32, + 6. + p. + 55. + + Ajax + still + speaks + as + a + master + to + a + slave, + + but + he + feels + to + the + full + extent + the + service + + rendered + in + saving + the + life + of + his + son. + + 537. + Tecmessaremainsirresolute, + till, + + in + 540, + Ajax’ + anger + begins + to + rise. + + 540. + παρουσίαν + ἔχειν + － + παρεῖναι. + So + + in + Ant. + 237, + ἔχεις + ἀθυμίαν + = + ἀθυμεῖς, + and + + supr. + 139. + uvov + xw=bivd. + + 541. + προσπόλων] + For + this + partitive + + genitive, + see + Essay + on + L. + § + 10. + p. + I5. + + 542. + ὅσπερ + . + . + κυρεῖ] + These + words + + indicate + that + the + child + cannot + yet + go + + alone. + + 543. + ἕρποντι] + Sc. + τῷ + προσπόλῳ, + I.è. + + iDoes + he + come + when + you + speak?’ + + Essay + on + L. + § + 42. + p. + 80 + B. + + ἢ + λελειμμένῳ + λόγων] + ‘Or + do + your + + words + not + reach + to + him + ?’ + + 545. + αἶρε + δεῦρο] + ‘ + Lift + him + hither.’ + + Said + to + the + attendant + who + brings + in + + the + child, + and + is + to + hand + him + to + Ajax + + over + the + carcases + of + the + sheep, + etc. + +

+ Commentary +

+ ταρβήσει + γὰρ + o] + Essay + on + L. + § + 41. + + p. + 78 + + . + x. + + 546. + For + the + late + position + of + που, + + see + Essay + on + L. + § + 26. + p. + 44. + It + ĩs + + occasioned + by + the + energy + with + which + + the + emphatic + words + rapBfice.. + οὔ + are + + brought + into + prominence. + Dindorf + + would + read + τοῦτόν + ye, + supposing + the + + whole + line + to + be + an + interpolation. + But + + this + is + gratuitous, + and + the + excision + of + + the + line + leaves + a + sensible + gap + in + the + + sense. + + 547. + δικαίως] + ‘Truly;’ + ie. + in + a + + manner + rightly + answering + to + the + descrip- + + tion. + Cp. + O. + T. + 853, + pavei + δικαίως + ὀρθόν + + Trach. + 1158, + φανεῖς + ὁποῖος + w + ἀνὴρ + ἐμὸς + + καλεῖ. + In + this + speech, + as + well + as + supr. + + 487 + foll, + there + is + a + resemblance + to + the + + sixth + Iliad + (see + esp. + 11. + 476-481). + + 548. + ἀλλά + opposes + what + follows + + (though + not + in + strict + logic) + to + the + pre- + + ceding + negative. + + ὠμοῖς + .. + ἐν + νόμοις + πατρὸς + .. + πωλο- + + δαμνεῖν] + ‘To + train + him, + like + a + young + + colt, + in + his + father's + rugged + ways.’ + For + + ὠμοῖς, + cp. + supr. + 205, + ὠμοκράτής, + and + + note. + And + for + νόμοις, + Ant. + 191, + τοιοῖσδ’ + +

-

δεῖ πωλοδαμνεῖν κἀξομοιοῦσθαι φύσιν. 2 7D z 2 ὦ παῖ, γένοιο marpds εὐτυχέστερος, 82 » τὰ δ’ ἄλλ’ ὅμοιος· καὶ γένοι’ dv οὐ κακός. r 2 2 2 καίτοι σε καὶ νῦν τοῦτό γε ζηλοῦν ἔχω, ’ — — ὁθούνεκ’ T ἐπαισθάνει κακῶν. ἐν τῷ φρονεῖν γὰρ μηδὲν ἥδιστος βίος, μὴ φρονεῖν γὰρ κάρτ’ ἀνώδυνον κακόν] ἕως τὸ Χαίρειν καὶ τὸ λυπεῖσθαι μάθῃς. δ’ ω A a a a 1z. 3 orayv ἱκῃ mpos TOUTO, ει σ ὅπως πατρὸς δείξεις ἐν ἐχθροῖς οἷος olov τράφης. τέως δὲ κούφοις πνεύμασιν βόσκου, νέαν ψυχὴν ἀτάλλων, μητρὶ τῇδε χαρμονήν. οὔτοι σ’ Ἀχαιῶν, οἶδα, μή τις ὑβρίσῃ στυγναῖσι λώβαις, οὐδὲ χωρὶς ὄντ’ ἐμοῦ. τοῖον πυλωρὸν φύλακα Τεῦκρον ἀμφί σοι λείψω τροφῆς ἄοκνον ἔμπα κεἰ τανῦν

-

553. ὁθούνεκ’] ὅθ’ οὕνεκ’ LA Pal. ἐπαισθάνει] 551. γένοι’] γένοιο A. 557. δείξει-7 δείξηισ L. ἐπαισθάνηι A. δείξεισ C2Vat. c Μ. δείξης TVM. 561. στυγναῖσι] στυγναῖς A pr.

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ἐγὼ νόμοισι τήνδ’ αὔξω πόλιν. Essay on L. 5 47. p. 88. 549. κἀξομοιοῦσθαι φύσιν] And that he should have his nature framed by mine.’ For the change of subject, see Essay on L. S 36. p. 65 d. 552. kal vov] "Even now,’ before your lot in life has been determined for good or evil. 553. ‘That you have no perception of this misery. 554. This line, although quite pos- sibly Sophoclean, has the appearance of a marginal quotation rather than of an integral portion of the text of this It is probably from some passage. fost play. and should be placed amongst the fragments of Greek tragic poetry. 556. 7. ded σ’ ὅπως .. δείξει5] You must find some way of showing.’ The same construction recurs in Phil. 55. τὴν Φιλοκτήτου σε Bel | ψυχὴν ὅπως λόγοι- σιν ἐκκλέψεις λέγων. 557. ἐν exopots] For the use of ἐν, cp sapr. 366, and note.

-

558. κούφοις πνεύμασιν βόσκου]·Βε nourished by gentle breezes,’ like a sapling in a sheltered spot. Plants were supposed to feed upon the air. Dio Chrys. Orat. 12, 30 (quoted by Lobeck), rpepbuevo τῇ διήνεκεῖ τοῦ πνεύματος ἐπιρροῇ, ἀέρα ὑγρὸν ἕλκοντες, ὥστε νήπιοι naides. Cp. Trach. 144 foll. τὸ γὰρ νέαζον ἐν τοιοῖσδε βόσκεται χώροισιν, κατ λ. 559. Χαρμονήν is accus. in apposi- tion. Essay on L. § 17. p. 25 d. 562. τοῖον, k7. \.] Essayon L. § 22. p. 36. 3. The absence of the demon- strative ending (τοιόνδε or τοιοῦτον) may arise from the fact that Teucer is absent, and that Ajax is speaking of the future. ἀμφί σοι] ‘To protect thee.’ ἀμφί as in dupiBatvew, etc. 563. τροφῆς dovov] ‘Unfaltering in care for thee.’ τροφῆς is gen. of respect. Essay on L. § 9. p. 13. 3. ἔμπα ket] ἔμπᾶ does not occur else- where in Attic Greek. Cp. Pind. N. 4. 58, ἔμπα, καί wep ἔχει, κ.7λ.

+

+ δεῖ + πωλοδαμνεῖν + κἀξομοιοῦσθαι + φύσιν. + + 2 + 7D + z + 2 + + ὦ + παῖ, + γένοιο + marpds + εὐτυχέστερος, + + 82 + » + + τὰ + δ’ + ἄλλ’ + ὅμοιος· + καὶ + γένοι’ + dv + οὐ + κακός. + + r + 2 + 2 + 2 + + καίτοι + σε + καὶ + νῦν + τοῦτό + γε + ζηλοῦν + ἔχω, + + ’ + — + — + + ὁθούνεκ’ + T + ἐπαισθάνει + κακῶν. + + ἐν + τῷ + φρονεῖν + γὰρ + μηδὲν + ἥδιστος + βίος, + + μὴ + φρονεῖν + γὰρ + κάρτ’ + ἀνώδυνον + κακόν] + + ἕως + τὸ + Χαίρειν + καὶ + τὸ + λυπεῖσθαι + μάθῃς. + + δ’ + ω + A + a + a + a + 1z. + 3 + + orayv + ἱκῃ + mpos + TOUTO, + ει + σ + ὅπως + πατρὸς + + δείξεις + ἐν + ἐχθροῖς + οἷος + olov + τράφης. + + τέως + δὲ + κούφοις + πνεύμασιν + βόσκου, + νέαν + + ψυχὴν + ἀτάλλων, + μητρὶ + τῇδε + χαρμονήν. + + οὔτοι + σ’ + Ἀχαιῶν, + οἶδα, + μή + τις + ὑβρίσῃ + + στυγναῖσι + λώβαις, + οὐδὲ + χωρὶς + ὄντ’ + ἐμοῦ. + + τοῖον + πυλωρὸν + φύλακα + Τεῦκρον + ἀμφί + σοι + + λείψω + τροφῆς + ἄοκνον + ἔμπα + κεἰ + τανῦν + +

+

+ 550 + +

+ Critical Apparatus +

+ 553. + ὁθούνεκ’] + ὅθ’ + οὕνεκ’ + LA + Pal. + ἐπαισθάνει] + + 551. + γένοι’] + γένοιο + A. + + 557. + δείξει-7 + δείξηισ + L. + + ἐπαισθάνηι + A. + + δείξεισ + C2Vat. + c + Μ. + δείξης + TVM. + + 561. + στυγναῖσι] + στυγναῖς + A + pr. + +

+ Commentary +

+ ἐγὼ + νόμοισι + τήνδ’ + αὔξω + πόλιν. + Essay + on + + L. + 5 + 47. + p. + 88. + + 549. + κἀξομοιοῦσθαι + φύσιν] + And + that + + he + should + have + his + nature + framed + by + + mine.’ + For + the + change + of + subject, + see + + Essay + on + L. + S + 36. + p. + 65 + d. + + 552. + kal + vov] + "Even + now,’ + before + + your + lot + in + life + has + been + determined + for + + good + or + evil. + + 553. + ‘That + you + have + no + perception + + of + this + misery. + + 554. + This + line, + although + quite + pos- + + sibly + Sophoclean, + has + the + appearance + + of + a + marginal + quotation + rather + than + of + + an + integral + portion + of + the + text + of + this + + It + is + probably + from + some + + passage. + + fost + play. + and + should + be + placed + + amongst + the + fragments + of + Greek + tragic + + poetry. + + 556. + 7. + ded + σ’ + ὅπως + .. + δείξει5] + You + + must + find + some + way + of + showing.’ + The + + same + construction + recurs + in + τὴν + + Φιλοκτήτου + σε + Bel + | + ψυχὴν + ὅπως + λόγοι- + + σιν + ἐκκλέψεις + λέγων. + + 557. + ἐν + exopots] + For + the + use + of + ἐν, + + cp + sapr. + 366, + and + note. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 558. + κούφοις + πνεύμασιν + βόσκου]·Βε + + nourished + by + gentle + breezes,’ + like + a + + sapling + in + a + sheltered + spot. + Plants + + were + supposed + to + feed + upon + the + air. + + Chrys. + Orat. + 12, + 30 + (quoted + by + + Lobeck), + rpepbuevo + τῇ + διήνεκεῖ + τοῦ + + πνεύματος + ἐπιρροῇ, + ἀέρα + ὑγρὸν + ἕλκοντες, + + ὥστε + νήπιοι + naides. + Cp. + + τὸ + γὰρ + νέαζον + ἐν + τοιοῖσδε + βόσκεται + + χώροισιν, + κατ + λ. + + 559. + Χαρμονήν + is + accus. + in + apposi- + + tion. + Essay + on + L. + § + 17. + p. + 25 + d. + + 562. + τοῖον, + k7. + \.] + Essayon + L. + § + 22. + + p. + 36. + 3. + The + absence + of + the + demon- + + strative + ending + (τοιόνδε + or + τοιοῦτον) + + may + arise + from + the + fact + that + Teucer + is + + absent, + and + that + Ajax + is + speaking + of + + the + future. + + ἀμφί + σοι] + ‘To + protect + thee.’ + ἀμφί + + as + in + dupiBatvew, + etc. + + 563. + τροφῆς + dovov] + ‘Unfaltering + in + + care + for + thee.’ + τροφῆς + is + gen. + of + respect. + + Essay + on + L. + § + 9. + p. + 13. + 3. + + ἔμπα + ket] + ἔμπᾶ + does + not + occur + else- + + where + in + Attic + Greek. + Cp. + + ἔμπα, + καί + wep + ἔχει, + κ.7λ. + +

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564. TqAambs] ‘Far away’ The latter part of the compound is sub- ordinated. οἰκνεῖ] ‘He is wandering.’ οἰχνέω, as a derivative of olxouai, seems to have a frequentative force. θήραν ἔχων] ‘Engaged in pursuit. A periphrasis like xouev στοναχά-, supr. 203. 565 foil. Confident in the return of Teucer, Ajax bids his comrades give this charge to him. They recall the fact afterwards, 1. 990. He also urges them to do their part, 1. 566. 566. kowiv) i.e. ‘Aswell as to him. 569. EpiBola λέγω] Sc ὅπως δείξει. This has been unnecessarily altered to Ἐριβοίαν λέγω. Ajax dwells affection- ately on his mother’s name. Eurysaces is to honour her, and not Hesione. Cp. Pind. Isthm. 5 (6). 65, παῖδα θρασὺν it Epiolas. 571. pxprs οὗ, or μέχρι οὗ, occurs in Hqt. I. 180; 2. 19, where the phrase has the force of a single word. This may suggest a possible excuse for the appear- ance of a divided anapaest, which has caused the rejection of the line in some

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edd. It may possibly have been inter- polated or quoted (cp. supr. 554) to supplement the vague use of εἰσαεί. But the words are impressive, and the alleged flaw may be remedied by read- ing Ews or ἔστ’ dv for pxps οὗ. 572. ἀγωνάρχαι] ‘ Presidents of con- test,’ such as the Atreidae had been. 573. θήσουσ’] Sc. ὡς ãbxa. The future follows aws, supr. 567. ὁ λυμεὼν ἐμός] On this position of the possessive pronoun, see Essay on L. § 23. p. 37. 574. αὐτό] The pronoun anticipates σάκος, which, as the most important piece of armour, is contained in reix2. For similar uses of abr6s, cp. Plat. Soph. 256 D, ὁμολογήσαντες αὐτὰ εἶναι πέντε; 263 E, καὶ μὴν ἐν λόγοις αὐτὸ ἴσμεν ὄν. ἐπώνυμον] ‘Whence thou art named.’ 575. 6. The epithet shows that the πόρπαξ was not of metal, but of em- broidered leather. Cp. Eur. Tro. 1196, ὡς ἡδὺς ἐν πόρπακι σδε κεῦται τύπος. 577. κουνά may be either (1) adver- bial. as in Ant. 546. μή μοι θάνῃε od κοινά, or (2) predicative, agreeing with τεύχη, probably the latter (2).

+

+ 56 + ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

+

+ τηλωπὸς + οἰχνεῖ, + δυσμενῶν + θήραν + ἔχων. + +

+

+ - + 2 + 2. + +

+

+ axx, + ἄνδρες + ἀσπιστῆρες, + ἐνάλιος + λεώς, + +

+

+ 2 + 2 + +

+

+ 565 + +

+

+ ὑμῖν + τε + κοινὴν + τήνδ’ + ἐπισκήπτω + Χάριν, + +

+

+ 2 + 8 + 2 + z + z + +

+

+ κείνῳ + τ’ + ἐμὴν + ἀγγείλατ’ + ἐντολήν, + : + +

+

+ * + y + 2. + A + 2 + 2 + z + . + +

+

+ ὅπως + +

+

+ τὸν + maida + τόνδε + mpds + δόμους + ἐμοὺς + ἄγων + +

+

+ ~ + 2 + X + A + +

+

+ Τελαμῶνι + δείξει + μητρί + 7, + Ἐριβοίᾳ + λέγω, + +

+

+ ~ + 1 + 2 + ’ + 2. + +

+

+ ὥς + σφιν + γένηται + γηροβοσκὸς + εἰσαεί, + +

+

+ 4 + z + X + . + 2 + +

+

+ 570 + +

+

+ Tubxpis + οὗ + μυχοὺς + κίχωσι + τοῦ + κάτω + θεοῦ· + +

+

+ καὶ + τἀμὰ + τεύχη + μήτ’ + ἀγωνάρχαι + τινὲς + +

+

+ θήσουσ’ + Ἀχαιοῖς + μήθ’ + 6 + λυμεὼν + ἐμός. + +

+

+ ἀλλ’ + αὐτό + μοι + σύ, + mal, + λαβὼν + ἐπώνυμον, + +

+

+ ~ + A + 2 + z + +

+

+ Εὐρύσακες, + ἴσχε + διὰ + πολυρράφου + στρέφων + +

+

+ 575 + +

+

+ πόρπακος + ἑπτάβοιον + ἄρρηκτον + σάκος· + +

+

+ τὰ + δ’ + ἄλλα + τεύχη + κοίν’ + ἐμοὶ + τεθάψεται. + +

+

+ 564. + τηλωπός] + γρ. + τηλουργὸς + C + mg. + +

+

+ ὡς + τηλουρος + interl. + A. + +

+

+ θήραν + L. + γρ. + ppov- + +

+

+ pav + C2 + mg. + +

+

+ 565. + ἐνάλιος] + εἰνάχιος + L. + +

+

+ 569. + δείξει] + δοίξη + L. + δείξη + CT. + +

+

+ 570. + 5 + L. + ὥς + CT. + +

+

+ 571. + μέχρισ + οὗ + μυχοὺσ + κίχωσι + τοῦ + κάτω + θεοῦ + LA + (the + +

+

+ fatter + with + ..') + Vat. + ac + V. + +

+

+ 573. + ἀχαιοῖς] + ἀχαιοὺς + L. + +

+

+ 575. + Bbploares]... + +

+

+ εὐρύσακες + A. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 564. + TqAambs] + ‘Far + away’ + The + + latter + part + of + the + compound + is + sub- + + ordinated. + + οἰκνεῖ] + ‘He + is + wandering.’ + οἰχνέω, + + as + a + derivative + of + olxouai, + seems + to + have + + a + frequentative + force. + + θήραν + ἔχων] + ‘Engaged + in + pursuit. + + A + periphrasis + like + xouev + στοναχά-, + + supr. + 203. + + 565 + foil. + Confident + in + the + return + of + + Teucer, + Ajax + bids + his + comrades + give + + this + charge + to + him. + They + recall + the + fact + + afterwards, + 1. + 990. + He + also + urges + them + + to + do + their + part, + 1. + 566. + + 566. + kowiv) + i.e. + ‘Aswell + as + to + him. + + 569. + EpiBola + λέγω] + Sc + ὅπως + δείξει. + + This + has + been + unnecessarily + altered + to + + Ἐριβοίαν + λέγω. + Ajax + dwells + affection- + + ately + on + his + mother’s + name. + Eurysaces + is + + to + honour + her, + and + not + Hesione. + Cp. + + Pind. + Isthm. + 5 + (6). + 65, + παῖδα + θρασὺν + it + + Epiolas. + + 571. + pxprs + οὗ, + or + μέχρι + οὗ, + occurs + in + + Hqt. + I. + 180; + 2. + 19, + where + the + phrase + has + + the + force + of + a + single + word. + This + may + + suggest + a + possible + excuse + for + the + appear- + + ance + of + a + divided + anapaest, + which + has + + caused + the + rejection + of + the + line + in + some + +

+ Commentary +

+ edd. + It + may + possibly + have + been + inter- + + polated + or + quoted + (cp. + supr. + 554) + to + + supplement + the + vague + use + of + εἰσαεί. + + But + the + words + are + impressive, + and + the + + alleged + flaw + may + be + remedied + by + read- + + ing + Ews + or + ἔστ’ + dv + for + pxps + οὗ. + + 572. + ἀγωνάρχαι] + ‘ + Presidents + of + con- + + test,’ + such + as + the + Atreidae + had + been. + + 573. + θήσουσ’] + Sc. + ὡς + ãbxa. + The + + future + follows + aws, + supr. + 567. + + ὁ + λυμεὼν + ἐμός] + On + this + position + of + + the + possessive + pronoun, + see + Essay + on + + L. + § + 23. + p. + 37. + + 574. + αὐτό] + The + pronoun + anticipates + + σάκος, + which, + as + the + most + important + + piece + of + armour, + is + contained + in + reix2. + + For + similar + uses + of + abr6s, + cp. + Plat. + Soph. + + 256 + D, + ὁμολογήσαντες + αὐτὰ + εἶναι + πέντε; + + 263 + E, + καὶ + μὴν + ἐν + λόγοις + αὐτὸ + ἴσμεν + ὄν. + + ἐπώνυμον] + ‘Whence + thou + art + named.’ + + 575. + 6. + The + epithet + shows + that + the + + πόρπαξ + was + not + of + metal, + but + of + em- + + broidered + leather. + Cp. + Eur. + Tro. + 1196, + + ὡς + ἡδὺς + ἐν + πόρπακι + σδε + κεῦται + τύπος. + + 577. + κουνά + may + be + either + (1) + adver- + + bial. + as + in + Ant. + 546. + μή + μοι + θάνῃε + od + + κοινά, + or + (2) + predicative, + agreeing + with + + τεύχη, + probably + the + latter + (2). + +

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579. ἐπισκήνους] ‘Before the tent,’ aZn σκηναῖς, supr. 3, and so ‘"in pub- ic.’ 580. φιλοίκτιστον] 1.ε. φιλοῦν τὸ οἰκτίζεσθαι, in the sense of inviting com- miseration. ‘A woman is a very tear- ful creature.’ 581. ‘To whine faint charms over a wound that cries out for the knife.’ The desiderative, = rouaw αἰτοῦντι, here implies the passive meaning of the ver- balnoun. For the use of charmsin assist- ing surgery. cp. Od. 19. 456-8, ὠτειλὴν 'Obvaios ἀμύμονος, ἀντιθέοιο, | δῆσαν ἐπισταμένω· ἐπαοιδῇ δ’ αἷμα κελαινὸν ἔσχεθον· αἶψα δ’ ἵκοντο φίλου πρὸς δώ- para πατρός. 583. τήνδε τὴν προθυμίαν] ‘This earnest haste,’ viz. the impatience of Ajax to be alone. Cp. supr. πύκαζε θᾶσσον. 586. μὴ κρῖνε] ‘Interrogate not.’ Sc. pe. Cp. Ant. 399 and note. σωφρονεῖν καλόν] ‘Discretion is the better part.. One of the gruff maxims (Bal, ἀεὶ δ’ ὑμνούμενα, Supr. 292) with

-

which Ajax checks the importunity of Tecmessa’s affection. Cp. II. 6. 490, ἀλλ’ εἰς οἶκον ἰοῦσα τὰ adTRs ἔῤγα κόμιζε. 587. καί σε] The conjunction here has a strong pleading force. : Nay. I entreat thee,’ etc. For a somewhat similar transition with kal, cp. supr. 11, kal σ’ οὐδὲν εἴσω τῆσδε, H.T.. 588. προδοὺς .. γένῃ] ‘Be guilty of forsaking us.’ Phil. 773, μὴ σαυτόν θ’ ἅμα κἄμ’, ὄντα cavrod πρόστροπον, κτείνας γένῃ. 589. dyav γε λυπεῖ5] Lou vex me exceedingly.’ These words in Ajax, as in Creon, Ant. 573. show that his feel- ings are touched more deeply than he chooses to avow. ἐγὼ θεοῖῦς .. ἔτι] ‘I am no longer bound to serve the gods in aught.’ If the gods have cast Ajax off, then he owes them no subscription.’ The posi- tion of the words ἐγὼ θεοῖς . . οὐδέν 15 very emphatic. Essay on L. § 41. p. 78. 590. ἀρκεῖν, in the sense ofpraestare, go- verns anaccusative here,assupr. 439. 535.

+

+ ΑΙΑΣ. + 57 + +

+

+ ἀλλ’ + ὡς + τάχος + τὸν + παῖδα + τόνδ’ + ἤδη + δέχου, + +

+

+ , + - + +

+

+ kal + δῶμα + πάκτου, + μηδ’ + ἐπισκήνους + γόους + +

+

+ . + +

+

+ δάκρυε· + κάρτα + τοι + φιλοίκτιστον + γυνή. + 580 + +

+

+ πύκαζε + θᾶσσον. + οὐ + πρὸς + ἰατροῦ + σοφοῦ + +

+

+ θρηνεῖν + ἐπῳδὰς + πρὸς + τομῶντι + πήματι, + +

+

+ XO. + δέδοικ’ + ἀκούων + τήνδε + τὴν + προθυμίαν. + +

+

+ οὐ + γάρ + μ’ + ἀρέσκει + γλῶσσά + σου + τεθηγμένη. + +

+

+ TE. + & + δέσποτ’ + Αἴας, + τί + ποτε + δρασείεις + φρενί; + 585 + +

+

+ ΑΙ. + μὴ + κρῖνε, + μὴξέταζε· + σωφρονεῖν + καλόν. + +

+

+ TE. + οἴμ’ + ὡς + ἀθυμῶ· + καί + σε + πρὸς + τοῦ + σοῦ + τέκνου + +

+

+ καὶ + θεῶν + ἱκνοῦμαι + μὴ + προδοὺς + ἡμᾶς + γένῃ. + +

+

+ Al. + ἄγαν + γε + λυπεῖς. + οὐ + κάτοισθ’ + ἐγὼ + θεοῖς + +

+

+ ὡς + οὐδὲν + ἀρκεῖν + εἴμ’ + ὀφειλέτης + ἔτι; + 590 + +

+

+ TE. + εὔφημα + φώνει. + [8. + +

+

+ Al. + τοῖς + ἀκούουσιν + λέγε. + +

+

+ 579. + δῶμα + πάκτου] + δῶμ’ + ἀπάκτου + L. + δῶμ’ + ἀπάκτου + LVe + Vat. + ac + VSM2. + δῶμ’ + +

+

+ ἀπ’ + derov + c. + gl. + ἄπᾶγε + V. + +

+

+ audadyou + M + Pal. + +

+

+ δῶμα + πάκτου + corr. + ex + Eustath. + +

+

+ 582. + θρηνεῖν] + γρ. + θροεῖν + A. + +

+

+ πήματι] + γρ. + τραύματι + C2 + mg. + +

+

+ 591. + τοῖς] + τοῦς + L. + +

+

+ τοῖς + CA. + +

+

+ ἀκούουσιν] + ἀκούουσι + LT. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 579. + ἐπισκήνους] + ‘Before + the + tent,’ + + aZn + σκηναῖς, + supr. + 3, + and + so + ‘"in + pub- + + ic.’ + + 580. + φιλοίκτιστον] + 1.ε. + φιλοῦν + τὸ + + οἰκτίζεσθαι, + in + the + sense + of + inviting + com- + + miseration. + ‘A + woman + is + a + very + tear- + + ful + creature.’ + + 581. + ‘To + whine + faint + charms + over + + a + wound + that + cries + out + for + the + knife.’ + + The + desiderative, + = + rouaw + αἰτοῦντι, + here + + implies + the + passive + meaning + of + the + ver- + + balnoun. + For + the + use + of + charmsin + assist- + + ing + surgery. + cp. + Od. + 19. + 456-8, + ὠτειλὴν + + 'Obvaios + ἀμύμονος, + ἀντιθέοιο, + | + δῆσαν + + ἐπισταμένω· + ἐπαοιδῇ + δ’ + αἷμα + κελαινὸν + + ἔσχεθον· + αἶψα + δ’ + ἵκοντο + φίλου + πρὸς + δώ- + + para + πατρός. + + 583. + τήνδε + τὴν + προθυμίαν] + ‘This + + earnest + haste,’ + viz. + the + impatience + of + + Ajax + to + be + alone. + Cp. + supr. + πύκαζε + + θᾶσσον. + + 586. + μὴ + κρῖνε] + ‘Interrogate + not.’ + + Sc. + pe. + Cp. + Ant. + 399 + and + note. + + σωφρονεῖν + καλόν] + ‘Discretion + is + the + + better + part.. + One + of + the + gruff + maxims + + (Bal, + ἀεὶ + δ’ + ὑμνούμενα, + Supr. + 292) + with + +

+ Commentary +

+ which + Ajax + checks + the + importunity + of + + Tecmessa’s + affection. + Cp. + II. + 6. + 490, + + ἀλλ’ + εἰς + οἶκον + ἰοῦσα + τὰ + adTRs + ἔῤγα + + κόμιζε. + + 587. + καί + σε] + The + conjunction + here + + has + a + strong + pleading + force. + : + Nay. + I + + entreat + thee,’ + etc. + For + a + somewhat + + similar + transition + with + kal, + cp. + supr. + + 11, + kal + σ’ + οὐδὲν + εἴσω + τῆσδε, + H.T.. + + 588. + προδοὺς + .. + γένῃ] + ‘Be + guilty + of + + forsaking + us.’ + Phil. + 773, + μὴ + σαυτόν + θ’ + + ἅμα + κἄμ’, + ὄντα + cavrod + πρόστροπον, + + κτείνας + γένῃ. + + 589. + dyav + γε + λυπεῖ5] + Lou + vex + me + + exceedingly.’ + These + words + in + Ajax, + as + + in + Creon, + Ant. + 573. + show + that + his + feel- + + ings + are + touched + more + deeply + than + he + + chooses + to + avow. + + ἐγὼ + θεοῖῦς + .. + ἔτι] + ‘I + am + no + longer + + bound + to + serve + the + gods + in + aught.’ + If + + the + gods + have + cast + Ajax + off, + then + he + + owes + them + no + subscription.’ + The + posi- + + tion + of + the + words + ἐγὼ + θεοῖς + . + . + οὐδέν + 15 + + very + emphatic. + Essay + on + L. + § + 41. + p. + 78. + + 590. + ἀρκεῖν, + in + the + sense + ofpraestare, + go- + + verns + anaccusative + here,assupr. + 439. + 535. + +

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593. ξυνέρξετε] ‘Shut us in.’ This is said to the attendants (supr. 544). They close the doors on Ajax, who is drawn in by the reversed ἐκκύκλημα. Tecmessa and Eurysaces, perhaps, re- remain upon the stage. 595. ἄρτι] ‘At this moment, of all others.’ ‘Now all of a sudden.’ 596 foll. While Ajax within the tent is silently whetting his sword (infr. 820), the chorus express their longing for Salamis, his home and theirs, and their sorrow for the condition of their lord. ‘ What grief the news will cause to Telamon and Eriboea I’ In this ode, the first stasimon, iambic, glyconic, and trochaic rhythms are combined :- a. z — — — — — . Ttuu-U--2 —— ——— — — — 2 — V D ’ ’ 55 — 2Luu-u-- ’ 2 ’ 1 * SSEEASE n ’ TouLULIL LU-- 8 ’ ’ TS S" UI . z ’ -t-- 1 -L-

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GUuu-u-- 2 -—8 5--tuu-Lt-- 596. ὦ κλεινά] By an anachronism like that noticed in O. C. 58, ἔρεισμ’ Ἀθηνῶν, the glory of Salamis is antici- pated. Cp.also infr. 861, and note. In Hadt. 7. 143, Themistocles argues from the words & θείη Σάλαμις, in the Pythian response, that the Athenians were to be victorious there. 596-7. σὺ . vales] ‘Thou, Iknow, remainest.’ που] The indefinite word is pathe- tically used of what they imagine but may not see. ἀλίπλακτο] There is little doubt of the propriety of this reading. Cp. Aesch. Pers. 307, θαλασσόπληκτόν νῆσον Αἴαντος. VetaraAaykrosmightpossibly mean "‘wandered round by the billow.’ 599. The inhabitants of Salamis, which lay off Piraeus and in the cheer and comfort ’ of Athenian eyes, might well feel as if they were observed of all observers, and would bave a still deeper feeling of pride and patriotism when, from 480 B.c. onwards, their native place became the eye of the world. περίφαντος may then be taken to im-

+

+ 58 + ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

+

+ TE. + σὺ + & + οὐχὶ + πείσει; + +

+

+ Al + +

+

+ πόλλ’ + +

+

+ dyav + ἤδη + θροεῖς. + +

+

+ TE. + rapBa + ydp, + dva. + +

+

+ Al. + +

+

+ οὐ + ξυνέρξεθ’ + ὡς + τάχος; + +

+

+ TE. + πρὸς + θεῶν, + μαλάσσου. + +

+

+ Al. + +

+

+ μῶρά + μοι + δοκεῖς + φρονεῖν, + +

+

+ εἰ + τοὐμὸν + ἦθος + ἄρτι + παιδεύειν + νοεῖς. + 595 + +

+

+ ; + ,2 + +

+

+ XO. + crp.d. + ὦ + κλεινὰ + Σαλαμίς, + σὺ + ubv + mov + +

+

+ a + 2 + +

+

+ ναίεις + ἁλίπλακτος + εὐδαίμων, + +

+

+ πᾶσιν + περίφαντος + ἀεί + +

+

+ 22*. + +

+

+ 593. + ἑυνέρξεθ’] + ξυνέρχεσθ’ + C. + +

+

+ ξυνέρξεσθ’ + V. + +

+

+ συνέρξεθ’ + Vat. + ac. + ξυνέξερθ’ + Vꝰ. + +

+

+ συνέρεεσθ’ + Μ5. + +

+

+ 594. + δοκεῖς] + δωξεισ + L. + δοξεισ + C. + +

+

+ δοκεῖς + CT. + φρονεῖν] + γρ. + +

+

+ λέγειν + C. + +

+

+ 597. + ἀλίπλακτος] + ἁλίπλαγκτος + LAV. + +

+

+ ἁλίπλακτος + T + Vat. + ac + MM2. + +

+

+ 598. + πᾶσιν] + πᾶσι + Eł. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 593. + ξυνέρξετε] + ‘Shut + us + in.’ + This + + is + said + to + the + attendants + (supr. + 544). + + They + close + the + doors + on + Ajax, + who + is + + drawn + in + by + the + reversed + ἐκκύκλημα. + + Tecmessa + and + Eurysaces, + perhaps, + re- + + remain + upon + the + stage. + + 595. + ἄρτι] + ‘At + this + moment, + of + all + + others.’ + ‘Now + all + of + a + sudden.’ + + 596 + foll. + While + Ajax + within + the + tent + + is + silently + whetting + his + sword + (infr. + 820), + + the + chorus + express + their + longing + for + + Salamis, + his + home + and + theirs, + and + their + + sorrow + for + the + condition + of + their + lord. + + ‘ + What + grief + the + news + will + cause + to + + Telamon + and + Eriboea + I’ + + In + this + ode, + the + first + stasimon, + iambic, + + glyconic, + and + trochaic + rhythms + are + + combined + :- + + a. + + z + + — + — + — + — + + — + . + + Ttuu-U--2 + + —— + ——— + + — + — + — + 2 + — + + V + D + + ’ + ’ + + 55 + — + 2Luu-u-- + + ’ + 2 + + ’ + 1 + + * + + SSEEASE + + n + ’ + + TouLULIL + LU-- + + 8 + + ’ + ’ + + TS + S" + UI + . + + z + ’ + + -t-- + 1 + -L- + +

+ Commentary +

+ GUuu-u-- + + 2 + + -—8 + + 5--tuu-Lt-- + + 596. + ὦ + κλεινά] + By + an + anachronism + + like + that + noticed + in + O. + C. + 58, + ἔρεισμ’ + + Ἀθηνῶν, + the + glory + of + Salamis + is + antici- + + pated. + Cp.also + infr. + 861, + and + note. + In + + Hadt. + 7. + 143, + Themistocles + argues + from + + the + words + & + θείη + Σάλαμις, + in + the + Pythian + + response, + that + the + Athenians + were + to + be + + victorious + there. + + 596-7. + σὺ + . + vales] + ‘Thou, + Iknow, + + remainest.’ + + που] + The + indefinite + word + is + pathe- + + tically + used + of + what + they + imagine + but + + may + not + see. + + ἀλίπλακτο] + There + is + little + doubt + + of + the + propriety + of + this + reading. + Cp. + + Aesch. + Pers. + 307, + θαλασσόπληκτόν + νῆσον + + Αἴαντος. + VetaraAaykrosmightpossibly + + mean + "‘wandered + round + by + the + billow.’ + + 599. + The + inhabitants + of + Salamis, + + which + lay + off + Piraeus + and + in + the + cheer + + and + comfort + ’ + of + Athenian + eyes, + might + + well + feel + as + if + they + were + observed + of + all + + observers, + and + would + bave + a + still + deeper + + feeling + of + pride + and + patriotism + when, + + from + 480 + B.c. + onwards, + their + native + + place + became + the + eye + of + the + world. + + περίφαντος + may + then + be + taken + to + im- + +

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ply the renown as well as the conspi- cuous position of the island. oo. mahads a’ ob χρόνο5] ‘Since many a long day.’ This phrase takes the place of an adverb with ev@uai, or whatever is the principal verb. 601. ΤΙδαίᾳ μίμνων λειμώνια arele) The manifest corruption in these words seems to be incurable. Neither Her- mann’s Tata μίμνω λειμώνι’ drowa (‘ 1 wait for my reward in Trojan meadows), nor Bergk’s Ta μίμνω Χειμῶνι πόᾳ re (‘I abide winter and summer in the Trojan land’). can be admitted as pro- bable. Mr. Paley, adopting λειμώνι’ EravAa from Seyffert, changes εὐνόμαι to ἐνναίων. Without dogmatizing on a point of great uncertainty, I would propose Tata μίμνων λειμώνι’ τὕπαιθρα, un- νῶν (Herm.) ἀνάριθμος αἰὲν εὐνῶμαι (Bergk), ‘Abiding out-door hardships in moist Trojan fields, Imake my bed there, months without number.’ nola may be due to the association of Aeudma, and a further association may have con- verted μηνῶν into ufAwr. The metre a’ 4, 5 is then the same as in 6 1, 2. A similar feeling is more fully expressed infr. 1185-1210. Cp. especially Il 1206-10, Κεῖμαι 5 ἀμέριμνος otws, del πυκιναῖς pbaois | Teyybuevos κόμας,| λυγρᾶς uhuara Tpolas. In both places the chorus complain at once of irksome exposure and of a life of inaction. Cp. also Aesch. Agamemnon, Il. 558 foll., τὰ δ’ αὖτε χέρσῳ kal προσῆν πλέον στύγοε·| εὐναὶ γὰρ ἦσαν δαΐων πρὸς τείχεσιν. | ἐξ

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οὐρανοῦ δὲ κἀπὸ γῆς λειμάνιαι δρόσοι κατεψέκαζον, ἔμπεδον σίνος | ἐσθημάτων, τιθέντες ἔνθηρον τρίχα. The Trojan meadows are contrasted with the rocky ground of Salamis. Cp. also Fr. 477. where Menelaus says contemptuously to Agamemnon, who proposes to re- main at Troy, σὺ 5 αὖθι μίμνων που κατ’ Ἰδαίαν x6va ποίμνας Ὀλύμπου συναγ- αγὼν θυηπόλει. τμηλῶν . tedvopal ‘I make my bed months without number.’ For umaw a- piuocs, cp. El. 232, ἀνάριθμος ὧδε θρήνων. Hdt. 9. 3. ἡ δὲ Βασιλέος αἵρεσις ἐς τὴν ὑστεραίην . . ἐπιστρατηΐην δεκάμηνος ἐγέ- vero. The Schol. explains εὐνόμα by εὐκινήτῳ (‘fleeting time’), and the Tricli- nian MSS. have etvaoua. For εὐνᾶσθαι, of keeping watch, cp. O. C. 1568 foll., ἀνικάτου | θηρός, ὃν ἐν πύλαισι | φασὶ πολυξέστοις | εὐνᾶσθαι, 605. Ἐπόνῳ for χρόνῳ (Martin) is a probable conjecture, as xpòvꝶ is weak after maAais ἀφ’ οὗ χρόνος, and xp may have come from the rp of rpux6ueves. 606. κακὰν ἐλπίδ’ ἔχων] ἐλπίς is not here used in the indifferent sense of expectation; but the phrase is an oxymoron; ‘a hope that is a kind of despair.’ : 607, 8. ‘Some day yet to win my way to Hades, the abhorred and dark.’ ἀίδηλον] ‘ Unillumined’ rather than ‘destroying.’ Essay on L. §5 53. pp. 8, 9. 669-11. ‘And I have Ajax on my hands, defying treatment, fixed in the

+

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+ Commentary +

+ ply + the + renown + as + well + as + the + conspi- + + cuous + position + of + the + island. + + oo. + mahads + a’ + ob + χρόνο5] + ‘Since + + many + a + long + day.’ + This + phrase + takes + + the + place + of + an + adverb + with + ev@uai, + or + + whatever + is + the + principal + verb. + + 601. + ΤΙδαίᾳ + μίμνων + λειμώνια + arele) + + The + manifest + corruption + in + these + words + + seems + to + be + incurable. + Neither + Her- + + mann’s + Tata + μίμνω + λειμώνι’ + drowa + (‘ + 1 + + wait + for + my + reward + in + Trojan + meadows), + + nor + Bergk’s + Ta + μίμνω + Χειμῶνι + πόᾳ + re + + (‘I + abide + winter + and + summer + in + the + + Trojan + land’). + can + be + admitted + as + pro- + + bable. + Mr. + Paley, + adopting + λειμώνι’ + + EravAa + from + Seyffert, + changes + εὐνόμαι + to + + ἐνναίων. + Without + dogmatizing + on + a + point + + of + great + uncertainty, + I + would + propose + + Tata + μίμνων + λειμώνι’ + τὕπαιθρα, + un- + + νῶν + (Herm.) + ἀνάριθμος + αἰὲν + εὐνῶμαι + + (Bergk), + ‘Abiding + out-door + hardships + in + + moist + Trojan + fields, + Imake + my + bed + there, + + months + without + number.’ + nola + may + be + + due + to + the + association + of + Aeudma, + and + + a + further + association + may + have + con- + + verted + μηνῶν + into + ufAwr. + The + metre + + a’ + 4, + 5 + is + then + the + same + as + in + 6 + 1, + 2. + + A + similar + feeling + is + more + fully + expressed + + infr. + 1185-1210. + Cp. + especially + Il + + 1206-10, + Κεῖμαι + 5 + ἀμέριμνος + otws, + del + + πυκιναῖς + pbaois + | + Teyybuevos + κόμας,| + + λυγρᾶς + uhuara + Tpolas. + In + both + places + + the + chorus + complain + at + once + of + irksome + + exposure + and + of + a + life + of + inaction. + Cp. + + also + Aesch. + Agamemnon, + Il. + 558 + foll., + τὰ + + δ’ + αὖτε + χέρσῳ + kal + προσῆν + πλέον + στύγοε·| + + εὐναὶ + γὰρ + ἦσαν + δαΐων + πρὸς + τείχεσιν. + | + ἐξ + +

+ Commentary +

+ οὐρανοῦ + δὲ + κἀπὸ + γῆς + λειμάνιαι + δρόσοι + + κατεψέκαζον, + ἔμπεδον + σίνος + | + ἐσθημάτων, + + τιθέντες + ἔνθηρον + τρίχα. + The + Trojan + + meadows + are + contrasted + with + the + rocky + + ground + of + Salamis. + Cp. + also + Fr. + 477. + + where + Menelaus + says + contemptuously + + to + Agamemnon, + who + proposes + to + re- + + main + at + Troy, + σὺ + 5 + αὖθι + μίμνων + που + κατ’ + + Ἰδαίαν + x6va + ποίμνας + Ὀλύμπου + συναγ- + + αγὼν + θυηπόλει. + + τμηλῶν + . + tedvopal + ‘I + make + my + bed + + months + without + number.’ + For + umaw + a- + + piuocs, + cp. + El. + 232, + ἀνάριθμος + ὧδε + θρήνων. + + Hdt. + 9. + 3. + ἡ + δὲ + Βασιλέος + αἵρεσις + ἐς + τὴν + + ὑστεραίην + . + . + ἐπιστρατηΐην + δεκάμηνος + ἐγέ- + + vero. + The + Schol. + explains + εὐνόμα + by + + εὐκινήτῳ + (‘fleeting + time’), + and + the + Tricli- + + nian + MSS. + have + etvaoua. + For + εὐνᾶσθαι, + + of + keeping + watch, + cp. + O. + C. + 1568 + foll., + + ἀνικάτου + | + θηρός, + ὃν + ἐν + πύλαισι + | + φασὶ + + πολυξέστοις + | + εὐνᾶσθαι, + + 605. + Ἐπόνῳ + for + χρόνῳ + (Martin) + is + a + + probable + conjecture, + as + xpòvꝶ + is + weak + + after + maAais + ἀφ’ + οὗ + χρόνος, + and + xp + may + + have + come + from + the + rp + of + rpux6ueves. + + 606. + κακὰν + ἐλπίδ’ + ἔχων] + ἐλπίς + is + not + + here + used + in + the + indifferent + sense + of + + expectation; + but + the + phrase + is + an + + oxymoron; + ‘a + hope + that + is + a + kind + of + + despair.’ + : + + 607, + 8. + ‘Some + day + yet + to + win + my + + way + to + Hades, + the + abhorred + and + dark.’ + + ἀίδηλον] + ‘ + Unillumined’ + rather + than + + ‘destroying.’ + Essay + on + L. + §5 + 53. + pp. + + 8, + 9. + + 669-11. + ‘And + I + have + Ajax + on + my + + hands, + defying + treatment, + fixed + in + the + +

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tent, where Heaven-sent madness dwells with him.’ 610. ἔφεδρο1 ‘Fixed at my side. Ajax had remained sitting throughout the previous scene. He had rejected the solicitations of his friends, and ap- parently returned to his sullen inaction within the tent. Instead of being their hope and pride, he was now an irre- movable burden. Cp. supr. 194 foll, ἀλλ’ ἄνα ἐξ ἑδράνων, κτ λ. The interpre- tation of the ancient Scholiast, ‘Ready to assail me when other evils are sub- dued’ (an application of the technical use of &pedpos with reference to contests), is untenable. μανίᾳ includes the evi- dence of Ajax’s madness, which is still within the tent. Supr. 337, 8. 613. φρενὸς οἰοβώτας] ‘Feeding his will apart;’ ie. either (1) referring to the wilful solitary raid described by Tecmessa, supr. 285 foll.: or (2), as Prof. Jebb explains it, ‘One who broods sullenly apart, as did Ajax before the outbreak of his frenzy."’ Not "feeding on his own thoughts" (L. and S.), but pasturing his heart on lonely paths.’ 615. (I) ‘He has proved a mighty sorrow to his friends.’ Cp. Trach. 1075, οῆλυ- ὕρημαι τάλας Aesch. Pers. 743, νῦν κακῶν ἔοικε πηγὴ πᾶσιν εὑρῆσθαι

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φίλοις. But πένθος is not elsewhere used of a person, and it is possible that εὕρηται mayhave a middle signification: (2) ‘He has procured a mighty sorrow for his friends.’ See Veitch, Gr. Irr. V. s. v. εὑρίσκω. 617. peyloras aperds) Evincing’ (or proceeding from) ‘ supreme valour.’ 620, 21. ‘Are fallen to the ground, coldly neglected by the cold, infatuate kings. παρά is used as in παρὰ δικά- σταῖς, etc. ; L. and S. s. v. παρά, B. II. 3. For πίπτειν, ‘To come to nought.’ cp. EHdt. 7. 18, ola ἄνθρωπος ἰδὼν ἤδη πολλά τε καὶ μεγάλα πεσόντα πρήγματα ὑπὸ ἡσσόνων. 621. For the reproachful tone in μελέοις, infr. 1156, ἄνολβον Hdt. 7. 140, & μέλεοι, τί Καθῆσθε, κ.τ.λ. 622,3. παλαιᾷ .. γήρᾳ] ‘His mother sunk in years and overtaken by hoary eld.’ The opposition with u and δέ is merely rhetorical. Not ἔντροφος, but some simpler word, such as οὖσα, is to be supplied with yfipq. which is dative of circumstance. Essay on L. § 11. p. 180. λευκὰ δὲ γήρᾳ is a plausible but needless correction. 625, 6. νοσοῦντα | φρενομόρω5] ‘Fa- tally afflicted in his mind.’ Although the madness of Ajax is relieved, its

+

+ 60 + +

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+

+ ξύνεστιν + ἔφεδρος, + Buo + μοι, + +

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+

+ λευκῷ + A. + +

+ Commentary +

+ tent, + where + Heaven-sent + madness + dwells + + with + him.’ + + 610. + ἔφεδρο1 + ‘Fixed + at + my + side. + + Ajax + had + remained + sitting + throughout + + the + previous + scene. + He + had + rejected + + the + solicitations + of + his + friends, + and + ap- + + parently + returned + to + his + sullen + inaction + + within + the + tent. + Instead + of + being + their + + hope + and + pride, + he + was + now + an + irre- + + movable + burden. + Cp. + supr. + 194 + foll, + + ἀλλ’ + ἄνα + ἐξ + ἑδράνων, + κτ + λ. + The + interpre- + + tation + of + the + ancient + Scholiast, + ‘Ready + + to + assail + me + when + other + evils + are + sub- + + dued’ + (an + application + of + the + technical + + use + of + &pedpos + with + reference + to + contests), + + is + untenable. + μανίᾳ + includes + the + evi- + + dence + of + Ajax’s + madness, + which + is + still + + within + the + tent. + Supr. + 337, + 8. + + 613. + φρενὸς + οἰοβώτας] + ‘Feeding + his + + will + apart;’ + ie. + either + (1) + referring + to + + the + wilful + solitary + raid + described + by + + Tecmessa, + supr. + 285 + foll.: + or + (2), + as + + Prof. + Jebb + explains + it, + ‘One + who + broods + + sullenly + apart, + as + did + Ajax + before + the + + outbreak + of + his + frenzy."’ + Not + "feeding + + on + his + own + thoughts" + (L. + and + S.), + but + + pasturing + his + heart + on + lonely + paths.’ + + 615. + (I) + ‘He + has + proved + a + mighty + + sorrow + to + his + friends.’ + Cp. + Trach. + 1075, + + οῆλυ- + ὕρημαι + τάλας + Aesch. + Pers. + 743, + + νῦν + κακῶν + ἔοικε + πηγὴ + πᾶσιν + εὑρῆσθαι + +

+ Commentary +

+ φίλοις. + But + πένθος + is + not + elsewhere + + used + of + a + person, + and + it + is + possible + that + + εὕρηται + mayhave + a + middle + signification: + + (2) + ‘He + has + procured + a + mighty + sorrow + + for + his + friends.’ + See + Veitch, + Gr. + Irr. + V. + + s. + v. + εὑρίσκω. + + 617. + peyloras + aperds) + Evincing’ + (or + + proceeding + from) + ‘ + supreme + valour.’ + + 620, + 21. + ‘Are + fallen + to + the + ground, + + coldly + neglected + by + the + cold, + infatuate + + kings. + παρά + is + used + as + in + παρὰ + δικά- + + σταῖς, + etc. + ; + L. + and + S. + s. + v. + παρά, + B. + II. + 3. + + For + πίπτειν, + ‘To + come + to + nought.’ + cp. + + EHdt. + 7. + 18, + ola + ἄνθρωπος + ἰδὼν + ἤδη + πολλά + + τε + καὶ + μεγάλα + πεσόντα + πρήγματα + ὑπὸ + + ἡσσόνων. + + 621. + For + the + reproachful + tone + in + + μελέοις, + infr. + 1156, + ἄνολβον + Hdt. + + 7. + 140, + & + μέλεοι, + τί + Καθῆσθε, + κ.τ.λ. + + 622,3. + παλαιᾷ + .. + γήρᾳ] + ‘His + mother + + sunk + in + years + and + overtaken + by + hoary + + eld.’ + The + opposition + with + u + and + δέ + + is + merely + rhetorical. + Not + ἔντροφος, + + but + some + simpler + word, + such + as + οὖσα, + + is + to + be + supplied + with + yfipq. + which + is + + dative + of + circumstance. + Essay + on + L. + § + + 11. + p. + 180. + λευκὰ + δὲ + γήρᾳ + is + a + plausible + + but + needless + correction. + + 625, + 6. + νοσοῦντα + | + φρενομόρω5] + ‘Fa- + + tally + afflicted + in + his + mind.’ + Although + + the + madness + of + Ajax + is + relieved, + its + +

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effects are permanent, and his despair is no less a mental affliction than his madness was. 626. αἴλινον αἴλινον] This word is governed by a verb, for which ἥσει is substituted as the sentence proceeds. 627. οὐδέ] ‘But not.’ The ‘instant burst of clamour’ Eriboea would make is contrasted with the sustained melo- dious wailing of the nightingale, to which such continuous mourning as that of Electra is fitly compared,—El 107. 628. ὄρνιθος anos] Cp. Ant. 423, 4, mups | ὄρνιθος ὀξὺν φθόγγον. 631, 4. χερόπληκποι . . δοῦποι] ‘Noise of smiting hands.’ πλήσσειν δοῦπον, ‘To make a noise in smiting’ would be a legitimate cognate accusa- tive. Hence the passive form. Essay on L. § 53. p. 98. 633. &v.. mecoTa] i. e. ἐμπεσ- οῦνται. 634. πολιᾶς *duvypa χκαίτας] Sc. ἐγγένήσεται, or some general notion resumed from the preceding verb. 635. For "Aa κεύθων, cp. II. 23. 244, εἰσόκεν αὐτὸς ἐγὼν Ab κεύθωμαι. Elmsley needlessly corrected γὰρ Aida to παρ Aida. 6 νοσῶν μάταν] (I) One hopelessly afflicted.’ μάταν (as in O. C. 1567, πολ-

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λῶν γὰρ ἂν καὶ μάταν | πημάτων ἱκνου- μένων, | πάλιν σε δαίμων δίκαιος αὔξοι) means ‘with no good end.’ Others take μάταν here to mean, (2) ‘idly,’ i.e. ‘with idle or vain imaginations; comparing Ar. Pax 95, τί πέτει; τί μάτην οὐκ ὑγιαίνεις; Either is possible. 637, 8. 85.. Axaiv] ‘Who, by the family from which he came, was, and proved to be, the noblest of the toilworn Achaeans.’ ἐκ is at once ‘because of’ and ‘in accordance with.’ ἥκων is used in a double sense : Come forth from his father’s home’’ and ‘Come forth,’i.e. proved, as bravest. Cp. O. T. 1519, ἔχθιστος ἥκω. ἄριστος was found by Triclinius in an ‘old’ MS., but may be merely due, as Blaydes remarks, to the words of the Scholiast, ἄριστα ἥκων· λείπει Idp 70 άριστος. Another possible reading is ἄριστα. πολυπόνων] Infr. 1186 foll. 639. 40. No longer remains in his habitual frame of mind, but abides out- side of ἰι,’ i.e. be is no longer in his mind, but out of his mind. For this somewhat strained oxymoron, cp. Eur. Hipp. 102, πρόσωθεν αὐτὴν ἀγνὸς w ἀσπάζομαι : Aesch. Pers. 756, ἔνδον atxube: also Ant. 773, epquos 4.9 e

+

+ ΑΙΑΣ. + 61 + +

+

+ φρενομόρως + ἀκούσῃ, + +

+

+ z + 2 + 83 + +

+

+ αἴλινον + αἴλινον, + +

+

+ n + +

+

+ 5 + οὐδ’ + οἰκτρᾶς + γόον + ὄρνιθος + ἀηδοῦς + +

+

+ ἥσει + δύσμορος, + ἀλλ’ + ὀξυτόνους + μὲν + ῥδὰς + +

+

+ 630 + +

+

+ θρηνήσει, + χερόπληκτοι + δ’ + +

+

+ ἐν + στέρνοισι + πεσοῦνται + +

+

+ ~ + +

+

+ δοῦποι + καὶ + πολιᾶς + Fduvypa + χαίτας. + +

+

+ 5. + +

+

+ ἀντ.β′. + +

+

+ κρέσσων + γὰρ + Ἅιδᾳ + κεύθων + ὁ + νοσῶν + μάταν, + +

+

+ z + 4 + 2 + +

+

+ 635 + +

+

+ bs + ἐκ + πατρῴας + ἥκων + yeveds + ἄριστος + +

+

+ Q + 2 + r + —8 + +

+

+ πολυπόνων + Ἀ + χαιῶν, + +

+

+ οὐκέτι + συντρόφοις + +

+

+ 5 + ὀργαῖς + ἔμπεδος, + ἀλλ’ + ἐκτὸς + ὁμιλεῖ, + +

+

+ 640 + +

+

+ 626. + φρενομόρως] + φρενομώρως + CAV. + +

+

+ 632. + στέρνοισι] + στέρνοις + LAP. + +

+

+ 633. + δοῦποι] + δούποι + L. + δοῦποι + A. + +

+

+ κἄμυγμα] + ἀμύγματα + MSS. + +

+

+ 634. + κρέσσων] + +

+

+ κρείσσων + σ.7Αιδᾳ] + ἀΐδα + L. + +

+

+ äda + Pal. + +

+

+ 61 + 4 + APal. + (c. + gl. + 5 + μεμηνώσ〉, + +

+

+ 636. + +

+

+ ἤκων] + ἥκον + L. + ἥκων + C. + +

+

+ ἄριστος] + om. + MSS. + gl + λείπεῖ + τὸ + ἄρίστος + L2 + gl. + λείπει + +

+

+ ἄριστος + P. + +

+ Commentary +

+ effects + are + permanent, + and + his + despair + + is + no + less + a + mental + affliction + than + his + + madness + was. + + 626. + αἴλινον + αἴλινον] + This + word + is + + governed + by + a + verb, + for + which + ἥσει + is + + substituted + as + the + sentence + proceeds. + + 627. + οὐδέ] + ‘But + not.’ + The + ‘instant + + burst + of + clamour’ + Eriboea + would + make + + is + contrasted + with + the + sustained + melo- + + dious + wailing + of + the + nightingale, + to + + which + such + continuous + mourning + as + + that + of + Electra + is + fitly + compared,—El + + 107. + + 628. + ὄρνιθος + anos] + Cp. + Ant. + 423, + + 4, + mups + | + ὄρνιθος + ὀξὺν + φθόγγον. + + 631, + 4. + χερόπληκποι + . + . + δοῦποι] + + ‘Noise + of + smiting + hands.’ + πλήσσειν + + δοῦπον, + ‘To + make + a + noise + in + smiting’ + + would + be + a + legitimate + cognate + accusa- + + tive. + Hence + the + passive + form. + Essay + + on + L. + § + 53. + p. + 98. + + 633. + &v.. + mecoTa] + i. + e. + + ἐμπεσ- + + οῦνται. + + 634. + πολιᾶς + *duvypa + χκαίτας] + Sc. + + ἐγγένήσεται, + or + some + general + notion + + resumed + from + the + preceding + verb. + + 635. + For + "Aa + κεύθων, + cp. + II. + 23. + + 244, + εἰσόκεν + αὐτὸς + ἐγὼν + Ab + κεύθωμαι. + + Elmsley + needlessly + corrected + γὰρ + Aida + + to + παρ + Aida. + + 6 + νοσῶν + μάταν] + (I) + One + hopelessly + + afflicted.’ + μάταν + (as + in + O. + C. + 1567, + πολ- + +

+ Commentary +

+ λῶν + γὰρ + ἂν + καὶ + μάταν + | + πημάτων + ἱκνου- + + μένων, + | + πάλιν + σε + δαίμων + δίκαιος + αὔξοι) + + means + ‘with + no + good + end.’ + Others + take + + μάταν + here + to + mean, + (2) + ‘idly,’ + i.e. + ‘with + + idle + or + vain + imaginations; + comparing + + Ar. + Pax + 95, + τί + πέτει; + τί + μάτην + οὐκ + + ὑγιαίνεις; + Either + is + possible. + + 637, + 8. + 85.. + Axaiv] + ‘Who, + by + the + + family + from + which + he + came, + was, + and + + proved + to + be, + the + noblest + of + the + toilworn + + Achaeans.’ + + ἐκ + is + at + once + ‘because + of’ + and + ‘in + + accordance + with.’ + + ἥκων + is + used + in + a + double + sense + : + + Come + forth + from + his + father’s + home’’ + + and + ‘Come + forth,’i.e. + proved, + as + bravest. + + Cp. + O. + T. + 1519, + ἔχθιστος + ἥκω. + + ἄριστος + was + found + by + Triclinius + in + + an + ‘old’ + MS., + but + may + be + merely + due, + + as + Blaydes + remarks, + to + the + words + of + the + + Scholiast, + ἄριστα + ἥκων· + λείπει + Idp + 70 + + άριστος. + Another + possible + reading + is + + ἄριστα. + + πολυπόνων] + Infr. + 1186 + foll. + + 639. + 40. + No + longer + remains + in + his + + habitual + frame + of + mind, + but + abides + out- + + side + of + ἰι,’ + i.e. + be + is + no + longer + in + his + + mind, + but + out + of + his + mind. + For + this + + somewhat + strained + oxymoron, + cp. + Eur. + + Hipp. + 102, + πρόσωθεν + αὐτὴν + ἀγνὸς + w + + ἀσπάζομαι + : + Aesch. + Pers. + 756, + ἔνδον + + atxube: + also + Ant. + 773, + epquos + 4.9 + e + +

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7 Bporaw στίβος, where the privative Epuos is equivalent to a negative. 641 foll. As his mother will utter the shrill cry of maternal agony, so his father will mourn over the dishonour of the race. 644, 5. ‘A calamity such as no life of any son of Aeacus hath ever known, but only he.’ Bergk’s con., δίων Alambav, has been widely received. But aidw involves only an ordinary use of abstract for concrete, and agrees better with the figurative word ἔθρεψεν. 646 foll. If the conjecture advanced on 1. 593 supr. is correct. Tecmessa and the child Eurysaces have remained on the stage in silence during the first stasimon. Ajax now unexpectedly comes forth, sword in hand, and addresses the chorus. That he dissembles with them, so far as to lead them to believe that he has abandoned his purpose of suicide, is obvious, because necessary lo the situa- tion, and is further evident on comparing 667 foll. with 835 foll., where his inmest feeling is expressed. But, just as the speech of Deianira which deceives Lichas, Trach. 436-69, contains a real indication of her character, so the studiously am- biguous words of Ajax here are the expression of an actual change of mood, —a new phase in the progress of mental recovery. The act which he contem- plates is the same which he has intended from the moment of his first awakening, but he regards it in a different temper. Calm resolution has taken the place of rage, and proud submission to the inevit- able that of rebellious fury. (Cp. supr. 389.) And like Antigone, when fhe struggle is past, he feels the pain of parting from what has brightened life for him; he knows what is implied in leaving Tecmessa and the child. With exquisite truth as well as subtlety,

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Sophocles has made Ajax express his feeling and intention in words which essentially convey his true meaning. but successfully veil it from those who, if they had divined it, would have inter- fered. (Supr. 329, 483). They, on the other hand, are only too readily deceived, —Tecmessa through the difficulty of believing that Ajax is hiding truth from ber, and both she and the chorus through their wishes being stronger than their fears. To dissemble under any cir- cumstances has been thought inconsis- tent with the native dignity of Ajax. But if this be so, it only renders the tragic contrast between his nature and his cir- cumstances more complete. Conceal- ment is no doubt foreign to the original bent of such a proud heroic soul. But Destiny has brought him to a point where it is inevitable, and the more so because of his first undisguised utter- ance, supr. 470, foll. Let a man’s native character be what it will, the passion of suicide brings with it the means for its own realization. The time that Ajax has spent within the tent appears ‘like an age’ to him, and he begins by reflecting generally, in a meditative tone, on the changes that are wrought by Time. He wonders at bis own calmness, and professes to wonder at his change of mind. 647. φύει. . ἄδηχα] ‘Rears out of darkness.’ Cp. Hes. Op. 6, καὶ ἄδηλον ἀέξει. The present is used of a continual process, as in Il. 6. 147, 8, φύλλα τὰ μέν euos χαμάδις χέει, ἄλλα δέ θ’ ὕλη | τηλεθόωσα φύει. E. on L. § 32. p. 54. ἄδηλα (sc. vra) may be regarded as ἐξ ἀδήλων (E. on L. § 35. p. 71), but also expresses the obscurity of the first beginnings and early preparations ofall things. Cp. Shak.2 Hen. IV. 3. 1, Things | As yet not come to life, which

+

+ 62 + +

+

+ ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

+

+ ὦ + τλάμων + mdrep, + olav + σε + μένει + πυθέσθαι + +

+

+ παιδὸς + δύσφορον + ἄταν, + +

+

+ ἂν + οὔπω + τις + ἔθρεψεν + +

+

+ αἰὼν + Αἰακιδᾶν + ἄτερθε + τοῦδε. + +

+

+ 645 + +

+

+ ΑΙ. + +

+

+ ἅπανθ’ + ὁ + μακρὸς + κἀναρίθμητος + Χχρόνος + +

+

+ φύει + τ’ + ἄδηλα + καὶ + φανέντα + κρύπτεται· + +

+

+ 642. + δύσφορον] + δύσφοραν + A. + +

+

+ 646. + κἀναρίθμητος] + κἀναρήθμητος + L. + rdvapl6- + +

+

+ punros + CA. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 7 + Bporaw + στίβος, + where + the + privative + + Epuos + is + equivalent + to + a + negative. + + 641 + foll. + As + his + mother + will + utter + the + + shrill + cry + of + maternal + agony, + so + his + + father + will + mourn + over + the + dishonour + + of + the + race. + + 644, + 5. + ‘A + calamity + such + as + no + life + + of + any + son + of + Aeacus + hath + ever + known, + + but + only + he.’ + Bergk’s + con., + δίων + + Alambav, + has + been + widely + received. + But + + aidw + involves + only + an + ordinary + use + of + + abstract + for + concrete, + and + agrees + better + + with + the + figurative + word + ἔθρεψεν. + + 646 + foll. + If + the + conjecture + advanced + + on + 1. + 593 + supr. + is + correct. + Tecmessa + + and + the + child + Eurysaces + have + remained + + on + the + stage + in + silence + during + the + first + + stasimon. + Ajax + now + unexpectedly + comes + + forth, + sword + in + hand, + and + addresses + the + + chorus. + That + he + dissembles + with + them, + + so + far + as + to + lead + them + to + believe + that + he + + has + abandoned + his + purpose + of + suicide, + is + + obvious, + because + necessary + lo + the + situa- + + tion, + and + is + further + evident + on + comparing + + 667 + foll. + with + 835 + foll., + where + his + inmest + + feeling + is + expressed. + But, + just + as + the + + speech + of + Deianira + which + deceives + Lichas, + + Trach. + 436-69, + contains + a + real + indication + + of + her + character, + so + the + studiously + am- + + biguous + words + of + Ajax + here + are + the + + expression + of + an + actual + change + of + mood, + + —a + new + phase + in + the + progress + of + mental + + recovery. + The + act + which + he + contem- + + plates + is + the + same + which + he + has + intended + + from + the + moment + of + his + first + awakening, + + but + he + regards + it + in + a + different + temper. + + Calm + resolution + has + taken + the + place + of + + rage, + and + proud + submission + to + the + inevit- + + able + that + of + rebellious + fury. + (Cp. + supr. + + 389.) + And + like + Antigone, + when + fhe + + struggle + is + past, + he + feels + the + pain + of + + parting + from + what + has + brightened + life + + for + him; + he + knows + what + is + implied + in + + leaving + Tecmessa + and + the + child. + With + + exquisite + truth + as + well + as + subtlety, + +

+ Commentary +

+ Sophocles + has + made + Ajax + express + his + + feeling + and + intention + in + words + which + + essentially + convey + his + true + meaning. + but + + successfully + veil + it + from + those + who, + if + + they + had + divined + it, + would + have + inter- + + fered. + (Supr. + 329, + 483). + They, + on + the + + other + hand, + are + only + too + readily + deceived, + + —Tecmessa + through + the + difficulty + of + + believing + that + Ajax + is + hiding + truth + from + + ber, + and + both + she + and + the + chorus + through + + their + wishes + being + stronger + than + their + + fears. + To + dissemble + under + any + cir- + + cumstances + has + been + thought + inconsis- + + tent + with + the + native + dignity + of + Ajax. + But + + if + this + be + so, + it + only + renders + the + tragic + + contrast + between + his + nature + and + his + cir- + + cumstances + more + complete. + Conceal- + + ment + is + no + doubt + foreign + to + the + original + + bent + of + such + a + proud + heroic + soul. + But + + Destiny + has + brought + him + to + a + point + + where + it + is + inevitable, + and + the + more + + so + because + of + his + first + undisguised + utter- + + ance, + supr. + 470, + foll. + Let + a + man’s + native + + character + be + what + it + will, + the + passion + of + + suicide + brings + with + it + the + means + for + its + + own + realization. + + The + time + that + Ajax + has + spent + within + + the + tent + appears + ‘like + an + age’ + to + him, + + and + he + begins + by + reflecting + generally, + in + + a + meditative + tone, + on + the + changes + that + + are + wrought + by + Time. + He + wonders + + at + bis + own + calmness, + and + professes + to + + wonder + at + his + change + of + mind. + + 647. + φύει. + . + ἄδηχα] + ‘Rears + out + of + + darkness.’ + Cp. + Hes. + Op. + 6, + καὶ + ἄδηλον + + ἀέξει. + The + present + is + used + of + a + continual + + process, + as + in + Il. + 6. + 147, + 8, + φύλλα + τὰ + + μέν + euos + χαμάδις + χέει, + ἄλλα + δέ + θ’ + + ὕλη + | + τηλεθόωσα + φύει. + E. + on + L. + § + 32. + p. + + 54. + ἄδηλα + (sc. + vra) + may + be + regarded + + as + ἐξ + ἀδήλων + (E. + on + L. + § + 35. + p. + 71), + + but + also + expresses + the + obscurity + of + the + + first + beginnings + and + early + preparations + + ofall + things. + Cp. + Shak.2 + Hen. + IV. + 3. + 1, + + Things + | + As + yet + not + come + to + life, + which + +

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in their seeds] And weak beginnings lie intreasured, Such things become the hatch and brood of time.’ As in supr. 476, προσθεῖσα κἀναθεῖσα, the latter part of the antithesis is most dwelt upon, viz. kal φανέντα upnrerai, ‘And buries them in himself, after they are come into being,’ although the suppression of the old purpose is virtually the reve- lation of the new. For φανέντα, cf. O. C. 974, pavels δύστηνος, ὡς ἐγὼ φάνην. On the meaning of the middle voice, see Essay on L. § 31. p. 53 (where ἑαυτήν should be éavr6v—not Earth but Time), and cp. Aesch. Cho. 127, ναὶ yaiav αὐτήν, ) τὰ mdvra τίκτεται ("brings forth of her- self). 648. ἄελπτον] An allusion to Archil. Fr. 76. χρημάτων ἄελπτον οὐδέν ἐστιν οὐδ’ ἀπώμοτον, Cp. Ant. 388, dvat, θροτοῖσιν οὐδέν ἐστ’ ἀπώμοτον. ἁλίσκεται] ‘Is overcome.’ Cp. the use of αἱρέω in Ant. 606, τὰν οὔθ’ ὕπνοε αἱρεῖ ποθ’ ò mavroyfips. 649. ‘Even (xal) the awe-inspiring oath and steeled resolve.’ Neither men’s resolutions, nor the sanctions by which they try to strengthen them, are per- manent. Cp. Thuc. 3. 83, ob γὰρ ἦν 6 διαλύσων ofiTe λόγος ἐχυβὸς οὔτε ὅρκος φοβερός. kal has been changed to xat, perhaps rightly, but see Essay on L. § 21. p. 33 b. 650, 1. ‘Since even I, who then (supr. 470 foll.) showed such awful resolve, hard as iron hardened in the surge—even I have lost my manhood’s edge, being softened by this woman.’ The clause with ds relates to what precedes. as in Phil. 202 foll. προὐφάνη κτύπος, | φωτὸς σύντροφος ὡς τέιρομένου Frov. τὰ δεινά is cogn. accus.; cp. Ant. 408, πρὸος σοῦ

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τὰ δείν’ ἐκεῖν’ ἐπηπειλημένοι. In βαφῇ there is perhaps a reminiscence of supr. 351, 2, οἷον ἄρτι κῦμα φοινίας ὑπὸ angs | ἀμφίδρομον κυκλεῖται. βαφῇ, an in- strumental dative, depends on the idea of hardening contained in ἐκαρτέρουν. For similar datives with active verbs, ep. Ant. 335, χειμερίῳ νότῳ χωρεῖ, ibid. 539, Θρῃσσαισιν .. ἐπιδράμῃ πνοαῖς. The abrupiness of this construction goes for nothing when weighed against the ab- surdity of joining βαφῇ σιδηρὸς &s ἐθηλύνθην στόμα, ‘My edge is atated, as that of iron is by the surge': although much ingenuity has been spent in defending this way of taking the words. στόμα, as Ajax intends his speech to be apprehended. can ouly mean ‘edge,’ i.e. ‘resolution,’ although by a mental reservation he may un- derstand himself to mean "my speech (only) is softened.’ 652, 3. "I am wrung with pity at the thought of leaving her,’ i.e. as he wishes to be understood, : I cannot leave her for pity.’/—as he understands himself, I feel pity in leaving her.’ 654, 5. πρὸς . hapavas] ‘To the bathing-place in the meadow by the cliff/ i.e. where the level ground narrows towards the promontory of Rhoeteum. It is probably meant that Ajax really bathes in fresh water before his last solemn act. Cp. Eur. Alc. 159, ὕδασι ποταμίοις . . ἐλοῦσατ’. 655, 6. ayvicas.. ἐξαλεύσωμαι] To the chorus and Tecmessa dyvicas means by purging away,’ viz. in the fresh running water ; to Ajax himself, ‘after washing off.’ Cp. Shak. Macbeth, 2. 2. 67, ‘A little water clears us of this deed.’

+

+ ΑΙΑΣ. + 53 + +

+

+ κοὐκ + ἔστ’ + ἄελπτον + οὐδέν, + ἀλλ’ + ἁλίσκεται + +

+

+ Ν + +

+

+ xb + δεινὸς + ὅρκος + καὶ + περισκελεῖς + φρένες. + +

+

+ 2 + δ + X + ὅ + 8 + 2 + 2 + +

+

+ κἀγὼ + ydp, + b + τὰ + éxaprépow + τότε + +

+

+ 2 + 2 + 2 + ; + +

+

+ 650 + +

+

+ βαφῇ + σίδηρος + ὥς, + ἐθηλύνθην + στόμα + +

+

+ πρὸς + τῆσδε + τῆς + γυναικός· + οἰκτείρω + δέ + νιν + +

+

+ Χήραν + map + ἐχθροῖς + παῖδά + r + ὀρφανὸν + λιπεῖν. + +

+

+ ; + — + ~ + - + +

+

+ IAN + z + 3 + 8 + 7 + +

+

+ ἀλλ’ + εἶμι + πρός + τε + λουτρὰ + kal + παρακτίους + +

+

+ λειμῶνας, + ὡς + dv + λύμαθ’ + ἁγνίσας + ἐμὰ + +

+

+ 655 + +

+

+ 649. + καί] + xet + Brunck. + corr. + +

+

+ 650. + ἐκαρτέρουν + τότε] + ἐπηπείλησ’ + ἔπη + C2 + mg. + +

+

+ 5 + λείπει + τὸ + C3 + mg. + +

+

+ ἐκαρτέρουν + τότε + A. + +

+

+ 653. + χήραν] + χήραν + L. + +

+ Commentary +

+ in + their + seeds] + And + weak + beginnings + + lie + intreasured, + Such + things + become + the + + hatch + and + brood + of + time.’ + As + in + supr. + + 476, + προσθεῖσα + κἀναθεῖσα, + the + latter + part + + of + the + antithesis + is + most + dwelt + upon, + + viz. + kal + φανέντα + upnrerai, + ‘And + buries + + them + in + himself, + after + they + are + come + + into + being,’ + although + the + suppression + + of + the + old + purpose + is + virtually + the + reve- + + lation + of + the + new. + For + φανέντα, + cf. + + pavels + δύστηνος, + ὡς + ἐγὼ + φάνην. + + On + the + meaning + of + the + middle + voice, + see + + Essay + on + L. + § + 31. + p. + 53 + (where + ἑαυτήν + + should + be + éavr6v—not + Earth + but + Time), + + and + cp. + ναὶ + yaiav + αὐτήν, + + ) + τὰ + mdvra + τίκτεται + ("brings + forth + of + her- + + self). + + 648. + ἄελπτον] + An + allusion + to + Archil. + + Fr. + 76. + χρημάτων + ἄελπτον + οὐδέν + ἐστιν + οὐδ’ + + ἀπώμοτον, + Cp. + dvat, + θροτοῖσιν + + οὐδέν + ἐστ’ + ἀπώμοτον. + + ἁλίσκεται] + ‘Is + overcome.’ + Cp. + the + + use + of + αἱρέω + in + τὰν + οὔθ’ + ὕπνοε + + αἱρεῖ + ποθ’ + ò + mavroyfips. + + 649. + ‘Even + (xal) + the + awe-inspiring + + oath + and + steeled + resolve.’ + Neither + men’s + + resolutions, + nor + the + sanctions + by + which + + they + try + to + strengthen + them, + are + per- + + manent. + Cp. + Thuc. + 3. + 83, + ob + γὰρ + ἦν + 6 + + διαλύσων + ofiTe + λόγος + ἐχυβὸς + οὔτε + ὅρκος + + φοβερός. + kal + has + been + changed + to + xat, + + perhaps + rightly, + but + see + Essay + on + L. + + § + 21. + p. + 33 + b. + + 650, + 1. + ‘Since + even + I, + who + then + (supr. + + 470 + foll.) + showed + such + awful + resolve, + + hard + as + iron + hardened + in + the + surge—even + + I + have + lost + my + manhood’s + edge, + being + + softened + by + this + woman.’ + The + clause + + with + ds + relates + to + what + precedes. + as + in + + προὐφάνη + κτύπος, + | + φωτὸς + + σύντροφος + ὡς + τέιρομένου + Frov. + τὰ + δεινά + + is + cogn. + accus.; + cp. + πρὸος + σοῦ + +

+ Commentary +

+ τὰ + δείν’ + ἐκεῖν’ + ἐπηπειλημένοι. + In + βαφῇ + + there + is + perhaps + a + reminiscence + of + supr. + + 351, + 2, + οἷον + ἄρτι + κῦμα + φοινίας + ὑπὸ + angs + | + + ἀμφίδρομον + κυκλεῖται. + βαφῇ, + an + in- + + strumental + dative, + depends + on + the + idea + + of + hardening + contained + in + ἐκαρτέρουν. + + For + similar + datives + with + active + verbs, + + ep. + χειμερίῳ + νότῳ + χωρεῖ, + ibid. + + 539, + Θρῃσσαισιν + .. + ἐπιδράμῃ + πνοαῖς. + The + + abrupiness + of + this + construction + goes + for + + nothing + when + weighed + against + the + ab- + + surdity + of + joining + βαφῇ + σιδηρὸς + &s + + ἐθηλύνθην + στόμα, + ‘My + edge + is + atated, + + as + that + of + iron + is + by + the + surge': + + although + much + ingenuity + has + been + spent + + in + defending + this + way + of + taking + the + + words. + στόμα, + as + Ajax + intends + his + + speech + to + be + apprehended. + can + ouly + + mean + ‘edge,’ + i.e. + ‘resolution,’ + although + + by + a + mental + reservation + he + may + un- + + derstand + himself + to + mean + "my + speech + + (only) + is + softened.’ + + 652, + 3. + "I + am + wrung + with + pity + at + the + + thought + of + leaving + her,’ + i.e. + as + he + wishes + + to + be + understood, + : + I + cannot + leave + her + + for + pity.’/—as + he + understands + himself, + + I + feel + pity + in + leaving + her.’ + + 654, + 5. + πρὸς + . + hapavas] + ‘To + the + + bathing-place + in + the + meadow + by + the + + cliff/ + i.e. + where + the + level + ground + narrows + + towards + the + promontory + of + Rhoeteum. + + It + is + probably + meant + that + Ajax + really + + bathes + in + fresh + water + before + his + last + + solemn + act. + Cp. + ὕδασι + + ποταμίοις + . + . + ἐλοῦσατ’. + + 655, + 6. + ayvicas.. + ἐξαλεύσωμαι] + To + + the + chorus + and + Tecmessa + dyvicas + means + + by + purging + away,’ + viz. + in + the + fresh + + running + water + ; + to + Ajax + himself, + ‘after + + washing + off.’ + Cp. + Shak. + Macbeth, + 2. + 2. + + 67, + ‘A + little + water + clears + us + of + this + + deed.’ + +

-

μῆνιν βαρεῖαν ἐξαλεύσωμαι θεᾶς· μολών τε Χῶρον ἔνθ’ ἂν ἀστιβῆ κίχω κρύψω τόδ’ ἔγχος τοὐμόν, ἔχθιστον βελῶν, yalas ὀρύξας ἔνθα μή τις ὄψεται· ἀλλ’ αὐτὸ νξ Ἅιδης τε σωζόντων κάτω. 2 a ἐγὼ γὰρ ob χειρὶ τοῦτ’ ἐδεξάμην παρ’ Ἕκτορος δώρημα δυσμενεστάτου, pſ— A 2 1 ’ z οὔπω τι κεδνὸν ἔσχον Ἀργείων πάρα. ἀλλ’ ἔστ’ ἀληθὴς ἡ βροτῶν παροιμία, ἐχθρῶν ἄδωρα δῶρα κοὐκ ὀνήσιμα. τοιγὰρ τὸ λοιπὸν εἰσόμεσθα μὲν θεοῖς εἴκειν, μαθησόμεσθα δ’ Ἀτρείδας σέβειν. 3 z : ’f 0 ‘ z ’ z. ἄρχοντες είσιν, ὧσ ὕπεικΤτεον. TL μήη; καὶ γὰρ τὰ δεινὰ καὶ τὰ καρτερώτατα

-

ἐξαλλάξομαι M. 657. μολών] μολῶν 656 ἐξαλεύσωμαι] ἐξαλύξωμαι Hesych. ἔχθιστον] from αι L. 658. τοὐμόν] τοὐμὸν· L. L Pal. μολών ALA 666. τὸ λοιπόν] τολοιπὸν CA. 667. 659. yatas)] yatas L. yalas APal. 6Arpelbas) arpeta L. ἀτρείδας AT.

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657. ‘And having gone to a place where I may find a place untrodden. Χῶρον is first acc. of place after μολών, and secondly ἀστιβῆ xGpov is accusative with rxw. Essay on L. § 36. pp. 66, 7. 658. 765 Eyxos τοὐμόν] ‘This my sword.’ Cp.infr.815-22, 834, 899. 909. 1025, 1034. Does Ajax destroy himself with the sword with which he slew the cattle? There would be a certain plau- sibility in his professing an intention of burying the offending weapon (ἔχθιστον BerGw) out of sight. But this is nowhere distinctly indicated, and the elaborate reasons connected with Hector tend rather to show that the blade had not previously been used. It is the posses- sion and not the employment of it that is dwelt upon as of evil omen. 658. 9. κρύψω... ὀρύξας] There is again an intentional ambiguity between ‘I will bury out of sight" and ‘I will hide’ (in my body) ‘after planting’ (in the earth). yalas, ‘Somewhere in earth,’ a partitive genitive of place, to be resumed with 46a. Essay on L. § 10. p. 15. A construction is easily obtained by supplying που, the antecedent of &6a. ἔκθίστον15 ambiguous between ‘most

-

hostile,’ cp. infr. 817 foll., and "most hateful.’ 660. These words are purposely omi- nous of Ajax' real intention. The imperative continues the prohibitive notion of μή in the preceding line. Cp. EL 436 foll. kpihor viv, ἔνθα μή πότ’ εἰς εὐνὴν .. | .. πρόσεισι .. ἀλλ’ ὅταν θάνῃ | κειμήλι’ αὐτῇ . , σωζέσθω. 661. The vivid xeipi brings before us the scene of the exchange described by Teucer infr. 1029 foll. 665. Cp. Eur. Med. 618, κακοῦ γὰρ ἀνδρὸς δῶρ’ ὄνησιν οὐκ ἔχει. 666. τοιγάρ] ‘Therefore,’ since Iam thus out of favour and pursued by divine displeasure, supr. 656, 663. 667. Ajax understands in his own mind, ‘ I will not submit to them except in death.’ Cp. Ant. 926, παθόντες v ἐυγγνοῖμεν ἡμαρτηκότεξ, 565. τί phl Cp. Aesch. Ag. 672, λέγουσιν ἡμᾶς ὡς ὀλωλότας· TL μή; The v. r. τιμῆ (V Pal,, ie. up), sug- gested by rupals in infr. 670, is a curious instance of the uncertainty that crept in when the quantities of Syllables were forgotten. ; 669. τὰ deivd καὶ τὰ καρτερώτατα]

+

+ μῆνιν + βαρεῖαν + ἐξαλεύσωμαι + θεᾶς· + + μολών + τε + Χῶρον + ἔνθ’ + ἂν + ἀστιβῆ + κίχω + + κρύψω + τόδ’ + ἔγχος + τοὐμόν, + ἔχθιστον + βελῶν, + + yalas + ὀρύξας + ἔνθα + μή + τις + ὄψεται· + + ἀλλ’ + αὐτὸ + νξ + Ἅιδης + τε + σωζόντων + κάτω. + + 2 + a + + ἐγὼ + γὰρ + ob + χειρὶ + τοῦτ’ + ἐδεξάμην + + παρ’ + Ἕκτορος + δώρημα + δυσμενεστάτου, + + pſ— + A + 2 + 1 + ’ + z + + οὔπω + τι + κεδνὸν + ἔσχον + Ἀργείων + πάρα. + + ἀλλ’ + ἔστ’ + ἀληθὴς + ἡ + βροτῶν + παροιμία, + + ἐχθρῶν + ἄδωρα + δῶρα + κοὐκ + ὀνήσιμα. + + τοιγὰρ + τὸ + λοιπὸν + εἰσόμεσθα + μὲν + θεοῖς + + εἴκειν, + μαθησόμεσθα + δ’ + Ἀτρείδας + σέβειν. + + 3 + z + : + ’f + 0 + ‘ + z + ’ + z. + + ἄρχοντες + είσιν, + ὧσ + ὕπεικΤτεον. + TL + μήη; + + καὶ + γὰρ + τὰ + δεινὰ + καὶ + τὰ + καρτερώτατα + +

+ Critical Apparatus +

+ ἐξαλλάξομαι + M. + 657. + μολών] + μολῶν + + 656 + ἐξαλεύσωμαι] + ἐξαλύξωμαι + Hesych. + + ἔχθιστον] + from + αι + L. + + 658. + τοὐμόν] + τοὐμὸν· + L. + + L + Pal. + μολών + ALA + + 666. + τὸ + λοιπόν] + τολοιπὸν + CA. + 667. + + 659. + yatas)] + yatas + L. + yalas + APal. + + 6Arpelbas) + arpeta + L. + ἀτρείδας + AT. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 657. + ‘And + having + gone + to + a + place + + where + I + may + find + a + place + untrodden. + + Χῶρον + is + first + acc. + of + place + after + μολών, + + and + secondly + ἀστιβῆ + xGpov + is + accusative + + with + rxw. + Essay + on + L. + § + 36. + pp. + 66, + 7. + + 658. + 765 + Eyxos + τοὐμόν] + ‘This + my + + sword.’ + Cp.infr.815-22, + 834, + 899. + 909. + + 1025, + 1034. + Does + Ajax + destroy + himself + + with + the + sword + with + which + he + slew + the + + cattle? + There + would + be + a + certain + plau- + + sibility + in + his + professing + an + intention + of + + burying + the + offending + weapon + (ἔχθιστον + + BerGw) + out + of + sight. + But + this + is + nowhere + + distinctly + indicated, + and + the + elaborate + + reasons + connected + with + Hector + tend + + rather + to + show + that + the + blade + had + not + + previously + been + used. + It + is + the + posses- + + sion + and + not + the + employment + of + it + that + + is + dwelt + upon + as + of + evil + omen. + + 658. + 9. + κρύψω... + ὀρύξας] + There + is + again + + an + intentional + ambiguity + between + ‘I + + will + bury + out + of + sight" + and + ‘I + will + hide’ + + (in + my + body) + ‘after + planting’ + (in + the + + earth). + yalas, + ‘Somewhere + in + earth,’ + a + + partitive + genitive + of + place, + to + be + resumed + + with + 46a. + Essay + on + L. + § + 10. + p. + 15. + + A + construction + is + easily + obtained + by + + supplying + που, + the + antecedent + of + &6a. + + ἔκθίστον15 + ambiguous + between + ‘most + +

+ Commentary +

+ hostile,’ + cp. + infr. + 817 + foll., + and + "most + + hateful.’ + + 660. + These + words + are + purposely + omi- + + nous + of + Ajax' + real + intention. + The + + imperative + continues + the + prohibitive + + notion + of + μή + in + the + preceding + line. + + Cp. + EL + 436 + foll. + kpihor + viv, + ἔνθα + μή + + πότ’ + εἰς + εὐνὴν + .. + | + .. + πρόσεισι + .. + ἀλλ’ + ὅταν + + θάνῃ + | + κειμήλι’ + αὐτῇ + . + , + σωζέσθω. + + 661. + The + vivid + xeipi + brings + before + us + + the + scene + of + the + exchange + described + by + + Teucer + infr. + 1029 + foll. + + 665. + Cp. + Eur. + Med. + 618, + κακοῦ + γὰρ + + ἀνδρὸς + δῶρ’ + ὄνησιν + οὐκ + ἔχει. + + 666. + τοιγάρ] + ‘Therefore,’ + since + Iam + + thus + out + of + favour + and + pursued + by + divine + + displeasure, + supr. + 656, + 663. + + 667. + Ajax + understands + in + his + own + + mind, + ‘ + I + will + not + submit + to + them + except + + in + death.’ + Cp. + Ant. + 926, + παθόντες + v + + ἐυγγνοῖμεν + ἡμαρτηκότεξ, + + 565. + τί + phl + Cp. + Aesch. + Ag. + 672, + + λέγουσιν + ἡμᾶς + ὡς + ὀλωλότας· + TL + μή; + + The + v. + r. + τιμῆ + (V + Pal,, + ie. + up), + sug- + + gested + by + rupals + in + infr. + 670, + is + a + curious + + instance + of + the + uncertainty + that + crept + in + + when + the + quantities + of + Syllables + were + + forgotten. + ; + + 669. + τὰ + deivd + καὶ + τὰ + καρτερώτατα] + +

-

‘ Things dread and masterful,’ such as Winter, Night, and Tempest: τὰ δεινά as in Ant. 334. πολλὰ τὰ δεινά. For the thought, cp. esp. Heraclitus, Fragm. 29 (ed. Bywater), ἥλιος οὐχ ὑπερβήσέται μέ- τρα· εἰ δὲ μή, ἐρινύες μιν δίκης ἐπίκουροι ἐξευρήσουσι; Plat. Rep. 6. 500 C, eis τεταγμένα drra καὶ kara rabra del ἔχοντα ὁδρῶντας kal Gecoubvous οὔτ’ ἀδικοῦντα οὔτ’ ἀδικούμενα ὑπ’ ἀλλήλων, κόσμῳ δὲ πάντα καὶ κατὰ λόγον ἔχοντα, rabra μιμεῖσθαι. As Schndw. observes, these common- places from Ajax’ lips have a peculiarly ironical significance. 670. ruais) ‘To authority: literally, to officialrank.’ For ruuf of an official appointment, cp. Hdt. 7. 36, οἷσι προσ- εκέετο αὕτη ἡ dxapis τιμή Ar. Pol. 3. 10, 4. τιμὰς λέγομεν Tds ἀρχάς. For τοῦτο μέν with only to follow, cp. O. C. 440, robro utv.. οἱ δ’ ἐπωφε- λεῖν, k.T.A. νιφοστιβεῖς | xeudves] ‘The wintry months whose frack is marked with snow.’ This (swipbevras ἔχων τοὺς στίβους) agrees better with the meaning of other compounds such as xovocris (O. T. 301), and with the personification in ἐκχωροῦσιν, than ‘ piled with snows’ (L. and S.)-— Winter withdraws his snowy footsteps.’ 672. vurs alavs kGhos] The weary round of Night, which like other periods of time, is imagined as a moving sphere. Cp. ἐνιαυτοῦ κύμλον, Eur. Or. 1645. atavhs] Here, as in L 8, epwos., it is doubted whether the adj. is in the nomi- native or genitive. alavfs or αἰανῆς. Bothforms (alavs,-bs and alav6s, -4, -v),

-

occur in tragedy, and the balance of the sentence is rather in favour of the nomi- native. See Essay on L. § 42. p. So. αἰανής, if derived from aiei, has also a false association from alai. See Essay on L. § 54. p. 99. 673. ‘For Day with his white steeds (εὐκόπωλος ἡμέρα, Aesch. Pers. 386) to make his light arise.’ (L. and S. s. v. φλέγω, A. 11 674. iotpoe] Allows to rest.’ Gnomic aorist. As, in δειλίαν ἀρεῖς, supr. 75, a passive state is expressed actively (Essay on L. § 30. p. 52), so here a negative or privative act is conceived as positive. Cp. λύει, infr. 676. This helps the vividness of the personification. As is observed by Schudw. aad G. Wolff, contrary powers are naturally assigned to the same divine being. Thus Aeolus in Od. 10. 21 is ταμίῆς ἀνέμων. ἠμὲν παυέμεναι ἠδ’ ὀρνύμεν ὅν κ’ ἐθέλῃσιν, and Horace says of the South wind, ‘ quo non arbiter Hadriae | major, tollere seu poner̃e vult freta.’ In II. 5. 486. the light of the setting sun is described as ἕλκον νύκτα μέλαινᾶν ἐπὶ ζείδωρον dpovpar. 675. ἐν δ’ ‘And moreover.’ Sleep is not originally thought of as amongst the "dread and masterful powers,’ but is now added to the list. 678. xye8a) ‘Iam sure of it -— that I shall know fiow to act with moder2- tion). The common reading. ἐγὼ δ’ ἐπίσταμαι yep—-can only be justified by supposing Auels in 677 to mean man- kind in general, in which case the op- position with is possible, though not very clear. But vith μαθησόμεσθα pre-

+

+ ΑΙΑΣ. + +

+

+ τιμαῖς + ὑπείκει· + τοῦτο + μὲν + νιφοστιβεῖς + +

+

+ Χειμῶνες + ἐκχωροῦσιν + εὐκάρπῳ + θέρει· + +

+

+ 2 + 2 + 2 + ’ + z + z + +

+

+ ἐξίσταται + δὲ + νυκτὸς + αἰανὴς + κύκλος + +

+

+ 2 + +

+

+ τῇ + λευκοπώλῳ + φέγγος + ἡμέρᾳ + φλέγειν· + +

+

+ 8 + 2 + 24. + z + 2 + ’ + +

+

+ εινων + T + anua + πνευμάτων + εκοίμισε + +

+

+ 3 + z + . + 2 + . + : + fo + +

+

+ crévovra + πόντον· + ἐν + 6 + παγκρατὴς + vmvos + +

+

+ 675 + +

+

+ λύει + πεδήσας, + οὐδ’ + del + λαβὼν + ἔχει. + +

+

+ ἡμεῖς + δὲ + πῶς + οὐ + γνωσόμεσθα + σωφρονεῖν; + +

+

+ [9 + a. + +

+

+ zMa. + 2 + 32 + 3 + 7 + 1 + +

+

+ Fyp + ἐπίσταμαι + γὰρ + ἀρτίως + ὅτι + +

+

+ 672. + αἰανής] + So + C. + αἰανῆσ + Cett. + +

+

+ 673. + λευκοπῶλῳ] + λευκοπόλωι + L. + Aev- + +

+

+ κοπώλωι + CA. + +

+

+ φλέγειν] + φέγγειν + LLA + +

+

+ φλέγειν + CA. + φλέγειν + 51. + ὥστε + Pal. + +

+

+ 674. + δεινῶν] + δεινόν + LMpr. + δεινῶν + Cett. + +

+

+ 678. + "455) + tqi + 5 + MSS. + Porson + corr. + +

+ Commentary +

+ ‘ + Things + dread + and + masterful,’ + such + as + + Winter, + Night, + and + Tempest: + τὰ + δεινά + + as + in + Ant. + 334. + πολλὰ + τὰ + δεινά. + For + the + + thought, + cp. + esp. + Heraclitus, + Fragm. + 29 + + (ed. + Bywater), + ἥλιος + οὐχ + ὑπερβήσέται + μέ- + + τρα· + εἰ + δὲ + μή, + ἐρινύες + μιν + δίκης + ἐπίκουροι + + ἐξευρήσουσι; + Plat. + Rep. + 6. + 500 + C, + eis + + τεταγμένα + drra + καὶ + kara + rabra + del + ἔχοντα + + ὁδρῶντας + kal + Gecoubvous + οὔτ’ + ἀδικοῦντα + οὔτ’ + + ἀδικούμενα + ὑπ’ + ἀλλήλων, + κόσμῳ + δὲ + πάντα + + καὶ + κατὰ + λόγον + ἔχοντα, + rabra + μιμεῖσθαι. + + As + Schndw. + observes, + these + common- + + places + from + Ajax’ + lips + have + a + peculiarly + + ironical + significance. + + 670. + ruais) + ‘To + authority: + literally, + + to + officialrank.’ + For + ruuf + of + an + official + + appointment, + cp. + Hdt. + 7. + 36, + οἷσι + προσ- + + εκέετο + αὕτη + ἡ + dxapis + τιμή + Ar. + Pol. + 3. + + 10, + 4. + τιμὰς + λέγομεν + Tds + ἀρχάς. + + For + τοῦτο + μέν + with + only + to + follow, + + cp. + O. + C. + 440, + robro + utv.. + οἱ + δ’ + ἐπωφε- + + λεῖν, + k.T.A. + + νιφοστιβεῖς + | + xeudves] + ‘The + wintry + + months + whose + frack + is + marked + with + + snow.’ + This + (swipbevras + ἔχων + τοὺς + + στίβους) + agrees + better + with + the + meaning + + of + other + compounds + such + as + xovocris + + (O. + T. + 301), + and + with + the + personification + + in + ἐκχωροῦσιν, + than + ‘ + piled + with + snows’ + + (L. + and + S.)-— + Winter + withdraws + his + + snowy + footsteps.’ + + 672. + vurs + alavs + kGhos] + The + weary + + round + of + Night, + which + like + other + periods + + of + time, + is + imagined + as + a + moving + sphere. + + Cp. + ἐνιαυτοῦ + κύμλον, + Eur. + Or. + 1645. + + atavhs] + Here, + as + in + L + 8, + epwos., + it + is + + doubted + whether + the + adj. + is + in + the + nomi- + + native + or + genitive. + alavfs + or + αἰανῆς. + + Bothforms + (alavs,-bs + and + alav6s, + -4, + -v), + +

+ Commentary +

+ occur + in + tragedy, + and + the + balance + of + the + + sentence + is + rather + in + favour + of + the + nomi- + + native. + See + Essay + on + L. + § + 42. + p. + So. + + αἰανής, + if + derived + from + aiei, + has + also + a + + false + association + from + alai. + See + Essay + + on + L. + § + 54. + p. + 99. + + 673. + ‘For + Day + with + his + white + steeds + + (εὐκόπωλος + ἡμέρα, + Aesch. + Pers. + 386) + to + + make + his + light + arise.’ + (L. + and + S. + s. + v. + + φλέγω, + A. + 11 + + 674. + iotpoe] + Allows + to + rest.’ + Gnomic + + aorist. + As, + in + δειλίαν + ἀρεῖς, + supr. + 75, + a + + passive + state + is + expressed + actively + (Essay + + on + L. + § + 30. + p. + 52), + so + here + a + negative + + or + privative + act + is + conceived + as + positive. + + Cp. + λύει, + infr. + 676. + This + helps + the + + vividness + of + the + personification. + As + is + + observed + by + Schudw. + aad + G. + Wolff, + + contrary + powers + are + naturally + assigned + + to + the + same + divine + being. + Thus + Aeolus + + in + Od. + 10. + 21 + is + ταμίῆς + ἀνέμων. + ἠμὲν + + παυέμεναι + ἠδ’ + ὀρνύμεν + ὅν + κ’ + ἐθέλῃσιν, + and + + Horace + says + of + the + South + wind, + ‘ + quo + + non + arbiter + Hadriae + | + major, + tollere + seu + + poner̃e + vult + freta.’ + In + II. + 5. + 486. + the + light + + of + the + setting + sun + is + described + as + ἕλκον + + νύκτα + μέλαινᾶν + ἐπὶ + ζείδωρον + dpovpar. + + 675. + ἐν + δ’ + ‘And + moreover.’ + Sleep + + is + not + originally + thought + of + as + amongst + + the + "dread + and + masterful + powers,’ + but + is + + now + added + to + the + list. + + 678. + xye8a) + ‘Iam + sure + of + it + -— + that + + I + shall + know + fiow + to + act + with + moder2- + + tion). + The + common + reading. + ἐγὼ + δ’ + + ἐπίσταμαι + yep—-can + only + be + justified + by + + supposing + Auels + in + 677 + to + mean + man- + + kind + in + general, + in + which + case + the + op- + + position + with + is + possible, + though + not + + very + clear. + But + vith + μαθησόμεσθα + pre- + +

+

+ VOL. + II. + +

-

ceding (1. 667). huets (unless with further explanation, as in supr. 125) must be equivalent to tyo. And the use of dè?.. γάρ without apodosis is not supported by Aesch. Cho. 66, ἐμοὶ 5 avayxav γὰρ ἀμφίπτολιν, k.7.., which is the nearest parallel. (For a superfluous ἐγώ with δέ in apodosi, cp. Hdt. 4. 99, b5 62.. μὴ παραπέπλωκε, ἐγὼ δὲ ἄλχῶς δηλώσω. Porson’s conjecture, which is here re- ceived, requires a very slight alteration, ῶι for ὼ.ἐγῷδα is idiomatic, and the form of asseveration suits with the dis- sembling nature of the speech. ἐπίσταμαι ydp Gpriws) ‘For I have lately learnt Ajax continues the vein of commonplace, with which his real feelings are interwoven. In his own heart he means that the judgment of the arms has taught him the hollowness of friendship. But by putting the other side of the antithesis foremost he veils this sentiment under the general maxim which counsels moderation in love and hatred—d6dvarov ἔχθραν μὴ φύλασσε, θνητὸς Gu. 680. In expressing his real feeling, Ajax passes out of the impersonal mode of speaking. 682. Cp. O. C. 612, 3, καὶ πνεῦμα ταὐτόν, K.TA. τοῖ πολλοῖσι vap..] He recollects his cue, and again generalizes. Cp.

-

Aesch. Ag. 838-840, εἰδὼς λέγοιμ’ ἄν, εὖ γὰρ ἐξεπίσταμαι,| ὁμιλίας κάτοπτρον, εἴδωλον σκιᾶς, | δοκοῦντας εἶναι κάρτα πρευμενεῖς ἐμοί. 684. ἀμφὶ .. τούτοισυν] ‘For what concerns this,’ viz. my relation to the Atreidae, all shall go well.’ Tec- messa need not fear lest the pride of Ajax should lead him into farther trouble. 685, 6. elow.. κέαρ] εἴσω ἐλθοῦσα εὗ- xov θεοῖς τελεῖσθαι διὰ τέλους (ἐκεῖνα) ὧν τὸ ἐμὸν κέαρ ἐρᾷ. Tecmessa will pray that Ajax may escape from the wrath of Athena. In doing so she will uncon- sciously pray for the consummation of his present desires in death. The solemn phrase διὰ τέλους .. τελεῖσθαι is prompted by the latter feeling. 687, 8. ταὐτὰ τῇδέ μοι τάδε | τιμᾶτε] Honour these my wishes equally with her.’ rabr4, an adverbial accusative, like κοινά in Ant. 546, μή μοι θάνῃε σὺ κοινά, The eightfold alliteration with 7 in these two lines gives the effect of suppressed earnestness. - 689. In this veiled manner Ajax conveys his last request to Teucer. Cp. Supr. 567, infr. 827, 8, 990, 1. 690. The intentional vagueness, by which Ajax conceals his purpose from Tecmessa and the chorus, has an impres- sive solemnity for the spectator.

+

+ 66 + +

+

+ ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

+

+ 6 + 7 + ἐχθρὸς + ἡμῖν + ἐς + τοσόνδ’ + ἐχθαρτέος, + +

+

+ ὡς + καὶ + φιλήσων + αὖθις, + ἔς + τε + τὸν + φίλον + +

+

+ 680 + +

+

+ τοσαῦθ’ + ὑπουργῶν + ὠφελεῖν + βουλήσομαι, + +

+

+ ~ + - + z + +

+

+ ὡς + αἰὲν + ob + μενοῦντα. + τοῖς + πολλοῖσι + γὰρ + +

+

+ 2 + - + 7 + 3 + +

+

+ βροτῶν + ἄπιστός + ἐσθ’ + ἑταιρείας + λιμήν. + +

+

+ a + ; + ’ + z + +

+

+ ἀλλ’ + ἀμφὶ + μὲν + τούτοισιν + εὖ + σχήσει· + σὺ + δὲ + +

+

+ 5 + . + : + +

+

+ εἴσω + θεοῖς + ἐλθοῦσα + διὰ + τέλους, + γύναι, + +

+

+ - + 2 + z + ’ + +

+

+ 685 + +

+

+ εὔχου + τελεῖσθαι + τοὐμὸν + ὧν + ἐρᾷ + κέαρ. + +

+

+ 7 + „,„3. + 2 + 2 + 2 + +

+

+ ὑμεῖς + θ’, + ἑταῖροι, + ταὐτὰ + τῇδέ + μοι + τάδε + +

+

+ ~ + 27 + 2 + z + +

+

+ τιμᾶτε, + Τεύκρῳ + τ’, + ἢν + μόλῃ, + σημήνατε + +

+

+ μέλειν + μὲν + ἡμῶν, + εὐνοεῖν + +

+

+ δ’ + ὑμῖν + dua. + +

+

+ 2L + A + ; + 2 + ar + 4. + z + . + +

+

+ ἐγὼ + yap + εἰμ + ἐκεισ + ὅποι + πορευτεον + +

+

+ 690 + +

+

+ a + dTc + ATVVMMC. + +

+

+ 679. + ἡμῖν] + ἤμην + LIVV + Vat. + ac + MM. + +

+

+ ἡμῖν + C. + ἥμιν + A. + ἡμῖν + γρ. + ἡμὴν + LA + +

+

+ 682. + πολλοῖσι] + πολλοῖς + L. + πολλοῖσι + A. + +

+

+ 683. + ἀπιστόε] + dmaros + L. + ἄπιστος + A. + +

+

+ 689. + ὑμῖν + ἅμα] + ὑμῶν + ἅμα + TLDMVpr. + γρ. + +

+

+ ὑπέρμεγα + C. + ὑμῖν + A. + +

+ Commentary +

+ ceding + (1. + 667). + huets + (unless + with + further + + explanation, + as + in + supr. + 125) + must + be + + equivalent + to + tyo. + And + the + use + of + dè?.. + + γάρ + without + apodosis + is + not + supported + + by + Aesch. + Cho. + 66, + ἐμοὶ + 5 + avayxav + γὰρ + + ἀμφίπτολιν, + k.7.., + which + is + the + nearest + + parallel. + (For + a + superfluous + ἐγώ + with + + δέ + in + apodosi, + cp. + Hdt. + 4. + 99, + b5 + 62.. + μὴ + + παραπέπλωκε, + ἐγὼ + δὲ + ἄλχῶς + δηλώσω. + + Porson’s + conjecture, + which + is + here + re- + + ceived, + requires + a + very + slight + alteration, + + ῶι + for + ὼ.ἐγῷδα + is + idiomatic, + and + the + + form + of + asseveration + suits + with + the + dis- + + sembling + nature + of + the + speech. + + ἐπίσταμαι + ydp + Gpriws) + ‘For + I + have + + lately + learnt + Ajax + continues + the + vein + + of + commonplace, + with + which + his + real + + feelings + are + interwoven. + In + his + own + + heart + he + means + that + the + judgment + of + + the + arms + has + taught + him + the + hollowness + + of + friendship. + But + by + putting + the + other + + side + of + the + antithesis + foremost + he + veils + + this + sentiment + under + the + general + maxim + + which + counsels + moderation + in + love + and + + hatred—d6dvarov + ἔχθραν + μὴ + φύλασσε, + + θνητὸς + Gu. + + 680. + In + expressing + his + real + feeling, + + Ajax + passes + out + of + the + impersonal + mode + + of + speaking. + + 682. + Cp. + O. + C. + 612, + 3, + καὶ + πνεῦμα + + ταὐτόν, + K.TA. + + τοῖ + πολλοῖσι + vap..] + He + recollects + + his + cue, + and + again + generalizes. + Cp. + +

+ Commentary +

+ Aesch. + Ag. + 838-840, + εἰδὼς + λέγοιμ’ + ἄν, + + εὖ + γὰρ + ἐξεπίσταμαι,| + ὁμιλίας + κάτοπτρον, + + εἴδωλον + σκιᾶς, + | + δοκοῦντας + εἶναι + κάρτα + + πρευμενεῖς + ἐμοί. + + 684. + ἀμφὶ + .. + τούτοισυν] + ‘For + what + + concerns + this,’ + viz. + my + relation + to + the + + Atreidae, + all + shall + go + well.’ + Tec- + + messa + need + not + fear + lest + the + pride + + of + Ajax + should + lead + him + into + farther + + trouble. + + 685, + 6. + elow.. + κέαρ] + εἴσω + ἐλθοῦσα + εὗ- + + xov + θεοῖς + τελεῖσθαι + διὰ + τέλους + (ἐκεῖνα) + ὧν + + τὸ + ἐμὸν + κέαρ + ἐρᾷ. + Tecmessa + will + pray + + that + Ajax + may + escape + from + the + wrath + of + + Athena. + In + doing + so + she + will + uncon- + + sciously + pray + for + the + consummation + of + + his + present + desires + in + death. + The + + solemn + phrase + διὰ + τέλους + .. + τελεῖσθαι + is + + prompted + by + the + latter + feeling. + + 687, + 8. + ταὐτὰ + τῇδέ + μοι + τάδε + | + τιμᾶτε] + + Honour + these + my + wishes + equally + with + + her.’ + rabr4, + an + adverbial + accusative, + + like + κοινά + in + Ant. + 546, + μή + μοι + θάνῃε + σὺ + + κοινά, + The + eightfold + alliteration + with + + 7 + in + these + two + lines + gives + the + effect + of + + suppressed + earnestness. + - + + 689. + In + this + veiled + manner + Ajax + + conveys + his + last + request + to + Teucer. + Cp. + + Supr. + 567, + infr. + 827, + 8, + 990, + 1. + + 690. + The + intentional + vagueness, + by + + which + Ajax + conceals + his + purpose + from + + Tecmessa + and + the + chorus, + has + an + impres- + + sive + solemnity + for + the + spectator. + +

-

691. τάχ’ ἂν. lows) ‘Ere long, me- thinks.’ 692. σεσωσμένον] His hearers under- stand, ‘Freed from further evil,’ as having appeased the gods and submitted to the Atreidae: to himself he means, ‘ Having done with evils,’ because no trouble can affect the dead. Exit Ajax towards the country. Tec- messa and the child withdraw into the hut. The proscenium is vacant. 693-718. The following ode is the clearest instance in Sophocles of the hyporchema, or song accompanied with dancing. In substance it may be com- pared with Trach. 205-224, O. T. 1086- 1109, Ant. 1115-1154. The metrical scheme of c7p. and drr. is as follows :- ’ a CEEEEESESE s_1 g-95-- 2 ’ ---uuu-u--uuuu-u- EIEAISSE. 5——— — ’ -—— -—— —— —— 2— -— —— 2— — MwELuLL= 693. ‘My heart is thrilled with a new hope, and mounts on wings of joy.’ For the aorist (of the immediate past), see Essay on L. S 32. p. 55. ἔρω is here used of a sudden and intense hope. Cp. Ant. 617, πολλοῖς δ’ ἀπάτα κουφονόων ἐρώτων (sc. 4.. ἐλπί).

-

695. Pan is associated both with Marathon and Salamis, where Psytta- leia was his haunt according to Aeschy- Ius: Pers. 448, ἣν ὁ φιλόχορος | Πὰν ἐμβατεύει. ἁλίπλαγκτε] As in the invocation to Sleep in Phil. 828, εὐαὲς . ἔλθοις, the attribute which is part of the prayer is put in the vocative. ‘Come, roving over the sea, leaving the snow-smitten ridges of Cyllene.’ Cyllene is clearly visible from the Acropolis, and in spring and early summer (1874) is covered with snow. The side it presents to Athens is long and precipitous. 697. θεῶν xopool’ ἄναξ] (0H). Thou lord, who of the gods art he that frames the dance.’ For this partitive genitive, cp. O. C. 868, 9, θεῶν | 6 πάντα λεύσσων ἥλιος. Gaws μοι .. ξυνὼν ἰάψει5] To fling into. ., I pray thee, along with me.’ μοι is dativus ethicus, but to be resumed with tuwar. 695. Νύσια Κνώσσια] Nysa, whether imagined as in Euboea or elsewhere. and Cnossus in Crete, were associated with the legend of Dionysus. Cp. the Cnossian dancing ground of Ariadne in 11. 18. 591, oblv ποτ’ ἐνὶ Κνωσῷ εὐρείῃ | Δαΐδαλος ἤσκησεν καλλιπλοκάμῳ Ἀριάδνῃη. ‘Wilde Tinze fanden 2u Ehren Dionys zu Nysa Statt, und an der Theodaisien Anfangs April 2u Knossos auf Kreta’ (G. Wolff). αὐτοδα] Spontaneous,' said with reference to Pan, · vhich no man hath taught thee.’ cp. Aesch. Prom. 301, αὐτόκτιτ’ dvpa, caves formed by thy- self’ (said to Oceanus).

+

+ ΑΙΑΣ. + 67 + +

+

+ ὑμεῖς + δ’ + ἃ + φράζω + δρᾶτε, + καὶ + τάχ’ + dv + μ’ + ἴσως + +

+

+ πύθοισθε, + kel + νῦν + δυστυχῶ, + σεσωσμένον. + +

+

+ XO. + crp. + ἔφριξ’ + ἔρωτι, + περιχαρὴς + δ’ + ἀνεπτάμαν. + +

+

+ ἰὼ + ἰὼ + Πὰν + Ndv, + +

+

+ ; + +

+

+ ὦ + Πὰν + Πὰν + ἁλίπλαγκτε + Κυλλανίας + χιονοκτύπου + +

+

+ 695 + +

+

+ πετραίας + ἀπὸ + δειράδος + φάνηθ’, + & + +

+

+ 5 + θεῶν + χοροποί’ + ἄναξ, + ὅπως + μοι + +

+

+ Νύσια + Κνώσσι’ + ὀρχήματ’ + αὐτοδαῆ + +

+

+ 692. + κεἰ] + in + litura + A. + +

+

+ 695. + ἀλίπλαγκτε] + ἁλίπλακτε + MM + pr. + +

+

+ 696. + χιο- + +

+

+ νοκτύπου] + χιονοτύπτου + LLA. + +

+

+ ΧΚιονοτύπου + A + Vat. + ac + VSMR. + +

+

+ χιονοκτύπου + VM. + +

+

+ 698. + χοροποῖ] + χοροποιὲ + LAT. + +

+

+ 699. + Κνώσσι] + κνώσια + LT. + κνῶσσι’ + A. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 691. + τάχ’ + ἂν. + lows) + ‘Ere + long, + me- + + thinks.’ + + 692. + σεσωσμένον] + His + hearers + under- + + stand, + ‘Freed + from + further + evil,’ + as + having + + appeased + the + gods + and + submitted + to + the + + Atreidae: + to + himself + he + means, + ‘ + Having + + done + with + evils,’ + because + no + trouble + + can + affect + the + dead. + + Exit + Ajax + towards + the + country. + Tec- + + messa + and + the + child + withdraw + into + the + + hut. + The + proscenium + is + vacant. + + 693-718. + The + following + ode + is + the + + clearest + instance + in + Sophocles + of + the + + hyporchema, + or + song + accompanied + with + + dancing. + In + substance + it + may + be + com- + + pared + with + + Trach. + 205-224, + + + + 1109, + + The + metrical + + scheme + of + c7p. + and + drr. + is + as + follows + :- + + ’ + a + + CEEEEESESE + + s_1 + + g-95-- + + 2 + ’ + + ---uuu-u--uuuu-u- + + EIEAISSE. + + 5——— + + — + + ’ + + -—— + -—— + + —— + + —— + 2— + + -— + —— + 2— + — + + MwELuLL= + + 693. + ‘My + heart + is + thrilled + with + a + + new + hope, + and + mounts + on + wings + of + joy.’ + + For + the + aorist + (of + the + immediate + past), + + see + Essay + on + L. + S + 32. + p. + 55. + ἔρω + is + + here + used + of + a + sudden + and + intense + hope. + + Cp. + πολλοῖς + δ’ + ἀπάτα + κουφονόων + + ἐρώτων + (sc. + 4.. + ἐλπί). + +

+ Commentary +

+ 695. + Pan + is + associated + both + with + + Marathon + and + Salamis, + where + Psytta- + + leia + was + his + haunt + according + to + + Ius: + ἣν + ὁ + φιλόχορος + | + Πὰν + + ἐμβατεύει. + + ἁλίπλαγκτε] + As + in + the + invocation + to + + Sleep + in + εὐαὲς + . + ἔλθοις, + the + + attribute + which + is + part + of + the + prayer + is + + put + in + the + vocative. + ‘Come, + roving + + over + the + sea, + leaving + the + snow-smitten + + ridges + of + Cyllene.’ + Cyllene + is + clearly + + visible + from + the + Acropolis, + and + in + spring + + and + early + summer + (1874) + is + covered + + with + snow. + The + side + it + presents + to + + Athens + is + long + and + precipitous. + + 697. + θεῶν + xopool’ + ἄναξ] + (0H). + + Thou + lord, + who + of + the + gods + art + he + that + + frames + the + dance.’ + For + this + partitive + + genitive, + cp. + θεῶν + | + 6 + πάντα + + λεύσσων + ἥλιος. + + Gaws + μοι + .. + ξυνὼν + ἰάψει5] + To + fling + + into. + ., + I + pray + thee, + along + with + me.’ + + μοι + is + dativus + ethicus, + but + to + be + resumed + + with + tuwar. + + 695. + Νύσια + Κνώσσια] + Nysa, + whether + + imagined + as + in + Euboea + or + elsewhere. + + and + Cnossus + in + Crete, + were + associated + + with + the + legend + of + Dionysus. + Cp. + the + + Cnossian + dancing + ground + of + Ariadne + in + + oblv + ποτ’ + ἐνὶ + Κνωσῷ + + εὐρείῃ + | + Δαΐδαλος + ἤσκησεν + καλλιπλοκάμῳ + + Ἀριάδνῃη. + ‘Wilde + Tinze + fanden + 2u + + Ehren + Dionys + zu + Nysa + Statt, + und + an + + der + Theodaisien + Anfangs + April + 2u + + Knossos + auf + Kreta’ + (G. + Wolff). + + αὐτοδα] + Spontaneous,' + said + with + + reference + to + Pan, + · + vhich + no + man + hath + + taught + thee.’ + cp. + + αὐτόκτιτ’ + dvpa, + caves + formed + by + thy- + + self’ + (said + to + Oceanus). + +

+

+ F + 2 + +

-

700. ἰάπτειν = to set in sudden and swift motion.’ For the 703. πελαγέων] πελαγεῶν. Icarian sea, cp. Hdt. 6. 95, 6. 704. εὔγνωστος] ‘Easy to be known3;’ i.e. ἐναργῆς, in his proper, unmistakable form : ‘Nunquam humeris positurus arcam, | Qui rore puro Castaliae lavit | Crines solutos, qui Lyciae tenet | Du- meta natalemque silvam, | Delius et Patareus Apollo’ (Hor. Carm. 3. 4. 60). Cp. Trach. 207, τὸν εὐφαρέτραν. 706 foll. (1) The dangerous condi- tion of Ajax was like a dark veil upon the eyes of the Salaminians, saddening for them even the light ofday. ("‘A web is woven across the sky,’ Tennyson, InMemoriam.) Cp. especially supr. 139, 140, 200. Now "the cruel power has withdrawn the dreadful sorrow that oppressed our eyes.’ Ares, as in O. T. 189, is the god of destruction, with an association from the violent rage in which Ajax’ troubles began. Or (2) the Salaminians, like Tecmessa, supr. 269, identify themselves with Ajax, from whose eyes (supr. 51, 447) the distrac- tion caused by his vehement rage is now removed. For the expression in either case, cp. supr. 674 and note: IL 13. 4 ἔνθα δ’ ἔπειτ’ ἀφίει μένος EBpipc Ἄρης.

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708. (1) ‘Now, Zeus, thou shalt bring near bright genial day to our swift sea-going ships.’ The meaning is half figurative, half literal. It is still moming (xal ἀέξεται ἱερὸν Auap), and the Salaminians feel that the retum of day-light is in keeping with the re- turn of cheerfulness within them. For the figurative meaning, cp. especially Aesch. Cho. 961, o72, πάρα τὸ φῶς ἰδεῖν Ῥε5.3013 Otherwise, (2) πελάσαι may be intransitive, ‘Light shall come near the ships,’ in which case & Zeb is an ejaculation. For this, cp. Phil. 400, ἰὼ μάκαιρα, κτ.λ. 711, i2. The Chorus in their delight at the pious intentions expressed by Ajax, supr. 655, 6, 666. 7, describe them in exaggerated language, and speak of them as already performed. 714. These words are an echo of Ajax’ reflection, supr. II. 646, 7. The words τε καὶ φλέγει, which are added in the MSS, are not improbable in themselves. Cp. supr. 476 and note. But there is nothing to correspond to them in the strophe, and the metre as it stands in the text is more probable than it would be with the addition of The interpolation may be ac- CRES counted for by supposing a marginal quotation, as in 554 supr.

+

+ 68 + +

+

+ ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

+

+ ξυνὼν + ἰάψῃς. + +

+

+ 700 + +

+

+ νῦν + yap + ἐμοὶ + μέλει + χορεῦσαι. + +

+

+ Ἰκαρίων + & + ὑπὲρ + πελαγέων + μολὼν + ἄναξ + Ἀπόλλων + +

+

+ ; + +

+

+ 10 + 6 + Δάλιος + εὔγνωστος + +

+

+ ἐμοὶ + ξυνείη + διὰ + παντὸς + εὔφρων. + +

+

+ 705 + +

+

+ ἔλυσεν + αἰνὸν + ἄχος + ἀπ’ + ὀμμάτων + Ἄρης. + +

+

+ ; + r + +

+

+ 3 + +

+

+ ayr. + +

+

+ n. + 22 + a + 3 + +

+

+ im + im, + vov + av, + +

+

+ νῦν, + ὦ + Ζεῦ, + ndpa + λευκὸν + εὐάμερον + πελάσαι + φάος + +

+

+ 2. + 2 + 8 + z + z + +

+

+ θοᾶν + ὠκυάλων + νεῶν, + ὅτ’ + Alas + +

+

+ . + 2 + z + 2 + — + f1 + +

+

+ 710 + +

+

+ G + +

+

+ λαθίπονος + πάλιν, + θεῶν + δ’ + αὖ + +

+

+ πάνθυτα + θέσμι’ + ἐξήνυσ’ + εὐνομίᾳ + +

+

+ ’ + 5 + +

+

+ σέβων + ueylora. + +

+

+ 2 + ’ + +

+

+ y00. + ἰάψῃς] + ἰάψεισ + L. + ἰάψῃς + A. + +

+

+ 702. + πελαγέων] + πελάγεων + L. + +

+

+ 703. + ἄναξ + +

+

+ Ἀπόλλων] + dvat + ἀπόλλων + (0 + from + ) + LA. + +

+

+ 705. + ξυνείη] + ξυνέιησ + ACTLM + Vat. + +

+

+ acV3R. + ξυνείη + LTM + Pal. + pr. + +

+

+ 706. + ἔλυσεν] + ἔλυσε + γὰρ + CLEVat. + acVVMM? + +

+

+ Pal. + ἔλυσεν + A. + +

+

+ 709. + πελάσαι] + πελᾶσαν + L. + πελάσαι + CA. + +

+

+ 712. + ἐξήνυσ] + +

+

+ ἕξἦήνυσεν + LAT. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 700. + ἰάπτειν + = + to + set + in + sudden + and + + swift + motion.’ + + For + the + + 703. + πελαγέων] + πελαγεῶν. + + Icarian + sea, + cp. + Hdt. + 6. + 95, + 6. + + 704. + εὔγνωστος] + ‘Easy + to + be + known3;’ + + i.e. + ἐναργῆς, + in + his + proper, + unmistakable + + form + : + ‘Nunquam + humeris + positurus + + arcam, + | + Qui + rore + puro + Castaliae + lavit + | + + Crines + solutos, + qui + Lyciae + tenet + | + Du- + + meta + natalemque + silvam, + | + Delius + et + + Patareus + Apollo’ + (Hor. + Carm. + 3. + 4. + 60). + + Cp. + Trach. + 207, + τὸν + εὐφαρέτραν. + + 706 + foll. + (1) + The + dangerous + condi- + + tion + of + Ajax + was + like + a + dark + veil + upon + + the + eyes + of + the + Salaminians, + saddening + + for + them + even + the + light + ofday. + ("‘A + web + + is + woven + across + the + sky,’ + Tennyson, + + InMemoriam.) + Cp. + especially + supr. + 139, + + 140, + 200. + Now + "the + cruel + power + has + + withdrawn + the + dreadful + sorrow + that + + oppressed + our + eyes.’ + Ares, + as + in + O. + T. + + 189, + is + the + god + of + destruction, + with + an + + association + from + the + violent + rage + in + + which + Ajax’ + troubles + began. + Or + (2) + the + + Salaminians, + like + Tecmessa, + supr. + 269, + + identify + themselves + with + Ajax, + from + + whose + eyes + (supr. + 51, + 447) + the + distrac- + + tion + caused + by + his + vehement + rage + is + now + + removed. + For + the + expression + in + either + + case, + cp. + supr. + 674 + and + note: + IL + 13. + + 4 + ἔνθα + δ’ + ἔπειτ’ + ἀφίει + μένος + EBpipc + + Ἄρης. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 708. + (1) + ‘Now, + Zeus, + thou + shalt + + bring + near + bright + genial + day + to + our + + swift + sea-going + ships.’ + The + meaning + + is + half + figurative, + half + literal. + It + is + + still + moming + (xal + ἀέξεται + ἱερὸν + Auap), + + and + the + Salaminians + feel + that + the + retum + + of + day-light + is + in + keeping + with + the + re- + + turn + of + cheerfulness + within + them. + For + + the + figurative + meaning, + cp. + especially + + Aesch. + Cho. + 961, + o72, + πάρα + τὸ + φῶς + + ἰδεῖν + Ῥε5.3013 + Otherwise, + (2) + πελάσαι + + may + be + intransitive, + ‘Light + shall + come + + near + the + ships,’ + in + which + case + & + Zeb + is + + an + ejaculation. + For + this, + cp. + Phil. + 400, + + ἰὼ + μάκαιρα, + κτ.λ. + + 711, + i2. + The + Chorus + in + their + delight + + at + the + pious + intentions + expressed + by + + Ajax, + supr. + 655, + 6, + 666. + 7, + describe + + them + in + exaggerated + language, + and + + speak + of + them + as + already + performed. + + 714. + These + words + are + an + echo + of + + Ajax’ + reflection, + supr. + II. + 646, + 7. + The + + words + τε + καὶ + φλέγει, + which + are + added + + in + the + MSS, + are + not + improbable + in + + themselves. + Cp. + supr. + 476 + and + note. + + But + there + is + nothing + to + correspond + to + + them + in + the + strophe, + and + the + metre + as + + it + stands + in + the + text + is + more + probable + + than + it + would + be + with + the + addition + of + + The + interpolation + may + be + ac- + + CRES + + counted + for + by + supposing + a + marginal + + quotation, + as + in + 554 + supr. + +

-

πάνθʼ ὁ μέγας χρόνος μαραίνει· κοὐδὲν ἀναύδητον *φατίσαιμ’ ἄν, εὖτέ γʼ ἐξ ἀέλπτων Αἴας μετανεγνώσθη θυμῶν Ἀτρείδαις μεγάλων τε νεικέων. ΑΓΓΕΛΟΣ. ἄνδρες φίλοι, τὸ πρῶτον ἀγγεῖλαι θέλω, Τεῦκρος πάρεστιν ἄρτι Μυσίων ἀπὸ κρημνῶν· μέσον δὲ προσμολὼν στρατήγιον κυδάζεται τοῖς πᾶσιν Ἀργείοις ὁμοῦ. στείχοντα γὰρ πρόσωθεν αὐτὸν ἐν κύκλῳ μαθόντες ἀμφέστησαν, εἶτʼ ὀνείδεσιν ἤρασσον ἔνθεν κἄνθεν οὔτις ἔσθʼ ὃς οὔ, τὸν τοῦ μανέντος κἀπιβουλευτοῦ στρατοῦ

-

714. μαραίνει·] μαραίνει γε καὶ φλέγει L. μαραίνει . καὶ φλέγει Vat. c. μ. τε καὶ φλέγει Celt. 715. φατίσαιμʼ] φατίζαιμ’ LM. φατίξαιμ’ CAL2 Pal. Vat. ac VM2. φατίσαιμ’ Lob. corr. 716. θυμῶν] θυμὸν LΓ (γρ. θυμῶν) VV3 Pal. Vat. ac RM2Mc. θυμόν τ’ Α. θυμῶν L2 pr. M pr. Γ mg. R 77. 719. τὸ πρῶτον] τοπρῶτον Α. 721. προσμολών] προσμολῶν L. προσμολὼν C. 726. τὸν om. L. add. C2Α.

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715. ἐξ ἀέλπτων] ‘When we had despaired.’ Cp. supr. 648. 716. μετανεγνώσθη] ‘Has been con- verted.’ Ajax, supr. 651, attributed the change in himself to the persuasion of Tecmessa. 717. θυμῶν] This reading, which occurs in some MSS., is nearer to θυμόν, the reading of L, than the conj. θυμοῦ τʼ, which has been commonly adopted. For the poetical plural, ‘outbursts of wrath,’ cp. Trach. 882, τίνες νόσοι; and see Essay on L. § 20. p. 30. The plural of θυμός occurs in Plat. Phil. 40 E: Legg. 11. 934 A, ὁ δὲ ..ἐν φόβοις δειλίας, ἤ τισιν ἐπιθυμίαις ἢ φθόνοις ἢ θυμοῖς δυ- σιάτοις γιγνόμενος. (νεικεων.) 719 foll. The proscenium has been vacant during the preceding ode. A single figure is now seen approaching from the opposite direction to that in which Ajax went forth. The man proves to be Teucer’s forerunner. The effect of the following scene is twofold. On the one hand, the Chorus and Tecmessa are roused from their security, and go anxiously in search of

-

Ajax. We are thus made aware that the crisis of the drama is approaching. But, on the other hand, the bearing of the prophet to Teucer, as reported by the messenger, and the tenor of his prophecy, assure the spectator that the anger of Athena against Ajax is not lasting, and hold forth a vague promise of final peace. ἄνδρες φίλοι] The messenger, who is one of Teucer’s men, thus assures the mariners of his continued friendship in their master’s hour of need. τὸ πρῶτον stands in apposition with the sentence, Τεῦκρος παρέστι, which, as Hermann says, must be held as equivalent to Τεῦ- κρον παρεῖναι. Cp. O. T. 1234, 5, ὁ μὲν τάχιστος τῶν λόγων εἰπεῖν τε καὶ | μαθεῖν, τέθνηκε θεῖον Ἰοκάστης κάρα. The ab- ruptness of this gives some colour to Musgrave’s conjecture, ἄνδρες, φίλον τὸ πρῶτον ἀγγεῖλαι θέλω. 724, 5. ‘For when they knew him from afar off as he approached, they surrounded him’ Cp. infr. 1046, μαθεῖν γὰρ ἐγγὺς ὢν οὐ δυσπετής. 726. κἀπιβουλευτοῦ στρατοῦ] ‘And

+

+ πάνθʼ + ὁ + μέγας + χρόνος + μαραίνει· + + κοὐδὲν + ἀναύδητον + *φατίσαιμ’ + ἄν, + εὖτέ + γʼ + ἐξ + ἀέλπτων + + Αἴας + μετανεγνώσθη + + θυμῶν + Ἀτρείδαις + μεγάλων + τε + νεικέων. + + ΑΓΓΕΛΟΣ. + + ἄνδρες + φίλοι, + τὸ + πρῶτον + ἀγγεῖλαι + θέλω, + + Τεῦκρος + πάρεστιν + ἄρτι + Μυσίων + ἀπὸ + + κρημνῶν· + μέσον + δὲ + προσμολὼν + στρατήγιον + + κυδάζεται + τοῖς + πᾶσιν + Ἀργείοις + ὁμοῦ. + + στείχοντα + γὰρ + πρόσωθεν + αὐτὸν + ἐν + κύκλῳ + + μαθόντες + ἀμφέστησαν, + εἶτʼ + ὀνείδεσιν + + ἤρασσον + ἔνθεν + κἄνθεν + οὔτις + ἔσθʼ + ὃς + οὔ, + + τὸν + τοῦ + μανέντος + κἀπιβουλευτοῦ + στρατοῦ + +

+ Critical Apparatus +

+ 714. + μαραίνει·] + μαραίνει + γε + καὶ + φλέγει + L. + μαραίνει + . + καὶ + φλέγει + Vat. + c. + μ. + τε + καὶ + + φλέγει + Celt. + + 715. + φατίσαιμʼ] + φατίζαιμ’ + LM. + φατίξαιμ’ + CAL2 + Pal. + Vat. + ac + + VM2. + φατίσαιμ’ + Lob. + corr. + + 716. + θυμῶν] + θυμὸν + LΓ + (γρ. + θυμῶν) + VV3 + Pal. + Vat. + + ac + RM2Mc. + θυμόν + τ’ Α. + θυμῶν + L2 + pr. + M + pr. + Γ + mg. + R + 77. + + 719. + τὸ + πρῶτον] + + τοπρῶτον + Α. + + 721. + προσμολών] + προσμολῶν + L. + προσμολὼν + C. + 726. + τὸν + + om. + L. + add. + C2Α. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 715. + ἐξ + ἀέλπτων] + ‘When + we + had + + despaired.’ + Cp. + supr. + 648. + + 716. + μετανεγνώσθη] + ‘Has + been + con- + + verted.’ + Ajax, + supr. + 651, + attributed + the + + change + in + himself + to + the + persuasion + of + + Tecmessa. + + 717. + θυμῶν] + This + reading, + which + + occurs + in + some + MSS., + is + nearer + to + θυμόν, + + the + reading + of + L, + than + the + conj. + θυμοῦ + + τʼ, + which + has + been + commonly + adopted. + + For + the + poetical + plural, + ‘outbursts + of + + wrath,’ + cp. + Trach. + 882, + τίνες + νόσοι; + and + + see + Essay + on + L. + § + 20. + p. + 30. + The + plural + + of + θυμός + occurs + in + Plat. + Phil. + 40 + E: + + Legg. 11. 934 + A, + ὁ + δὲ + ..ἐν + φόβοις + δειλίας, + + ἤ + τισιν + ἐπιθυμίαις + ἢ + φθόνοις + ἢ + θυμοῖς + δυ- + + σιάτοις + γιγνόμενος. + (νεικεων.) + + 719 + foll. + The + proscenium + has + been + + vacant + during + the + preceding + ode. + A + + single + figure + is + now + seen + approaching + + from + the + opposite + direction + to + that + in + + which + Ajax + went + forth. + The + man + + proves to be Teucer’s forerunner. The effect of the following scene is + + twofold. + On + the + one + hand, + the + Chorus + + and + Tecmessa + are + roused + from + their + + security, + and + go + anxiously + in + search + of + +

+ Commentary +

+ Ajax. + We + are + thus + made + aware + that + + the + crisis + of + the + drama + is + approaching. + + But, + on + the + other + hand, + the + bearing + of + + the + prophet + to + Teucer, + as + reported + by + + the + messenger, + and + the + tenor + of + his + + prophecy, + assure + the + spectator + that + the + + anger + of + Athena + against + Ajax + is + not + + lasting, + and + hold + forth + a + vague + promise + + of + final + peace. + + ἄνδρες + φίλοι] + The + messenger, + who + + is + one + of + Teucer’s + men, + thus + assures + the + + mariners + of + his + continued + friendship + in + + their + master’s + hour + of + need. + τὸ + πρῶτον + + stands + in + apposition + with + the + sentence, + + Τεῦκρος + παρέστι, + which, + as + Hermann + + says, + must + be + held + as + equivalent + to + Τεῦ- + + κρον + παρεῖναι. + Cp. + O. + T. + 1234, + 5, + ὁ + μὲν + + τάχιστος + τῶν + λόγων + εἰπεῖν + τε + καὶ + | + μαθεῖν, + + τέθνηκε + θεῖον + Ἰοκάστης + κάρα. + The + ab- + + ruptness + of + this + gives + some + colour + to + + Musgrave’s + conjecture, + ἄνδρες, + φίλον + τὸ + + πρῶτον + ἀγγεῖλαι + θέλω. + + 724, + 5. + ‘For + when + they + knew + him + + from + afar + off + as + he + approached, + they + + surrounded + him’ + Cp. + infr. + 1046, + μαθεῖν + + γὰρ + ἐγγὺς + ὢν + οὐ + δυσπετής. + + 726. + κἀπιβουλευτοῦ + στρατοῦ] + ‘And + +

-

who was guilty of plotting against the army.’ στρατοῦ is genitive of the object. 727. bs connects οὐκ ἀρκέσοι, K.TA. with 4pacaor, the clause 7v.. ἀποκα- λοῦντες being parenthetical. They said, ὦ τοῦ μανέντος .. ξύναιμε, οὐκ ἀρκέσεις, ic.r. . The verb ἀρκεῖν is used abso- lutely in the original sense of "to ward off danger,’ and this uncommon use is supplemented by the epexegetic clause. 730. διεπεραιώθη] Lit. were passed from either side,’ i e. crossed blades. Not merely ‘ were unsheathed. 731. δραμοῦσα τοῦ προσωτάτω] When it had run to an extreme.’ The partitive genitive is merely idiomatic, and does not limit the force of the ex- pression. Essay on L. § 10. p. 16 (bis). 732. ‘Through elders interposing with theirwords.’ For év instrumental, see Essay on L. § 19. p. 28, and cp. Trach. 887, crovbevos ἐν τομᾷ σιδάροῦ. 733. ‘Where is our Ajax?" fjulv is dative of the person interested. Cp. supr. 332, ἡμῖν τὸν ἄνδρα διαπεφοιβάσθαι κακοις. 734. τοῖς κυρίοις] "To those prin-

-

cipally concemed.’ Cp. Aesch. Cho. 658, 9, εἰ δὲ τυγχάνω | τοῖς κυρίοισι καὶ προσήκουσιν λέγων, | οὐκ οἶδα. 735, 6. véas.. τρόποι5] ‘Having changed his purpose in unison with his change of mood.’ The Chorus believe that Ajax, having learnt submission, is gone forth to purify himself in the fresh water at the corner of the bay. Supr. 654 foll. 737. lod ios] The messenger per- ceives that the fate of Ajax is sealed, and raises the same cry of horror that Oedipus utters (O. T. 1182) when he discovers the truth. 738. βραδεῖαν is predicative and ad- verbial,= too late.7 Cp. the use of πικρός, e. g. infr. 1239. 740. "And what is there lacking to the fulfilment of the present need?’ xpetas τῆσδ’, the need implied in Teucer's sending you, τήνδε τὴν ὁδόν, supr. 738. 743. τοι] ‘We can tell you’ τοι here expresses the consciousness of con- tributing pertinent information. 743, 4. wpds τὸ κέρδιστον .. γνώμη]

+

+ 70 + ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

+

+ ξύναιμον + ἀποκαλοῦντες, + ὡς + οὐκ + ἀρκέσοι + +

+

+ 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + +

+

+ τὸ + μὴ + οὐ + πέτροισι + πᾶς + καταξανθεὶς + θανεῖν. + +

+

+ 2 + . + 7 + +

+

+ ὥστ’ + els + τοσοῦτον + ἦλθον + ὥστε + καὶ + χεροῖν + +

+

+ . + \ + ; + +

+

+ κολεῶν + ἐρυστὰ + διεπεραιώθη + ξίφη. + +

+

+ 730 + +

+

+ λήγει + δ’ + ἔρις + δραμοῦσα + τοῦ + προσωτάτω + +

+

+ ἀνδρῶν + γερόντων + ἐν + ξυναλλαγῇ + λόγου. + +

+

+ ἀλλ’ + ἡμὶν + Alas + ποῦ’στιν, + ὡς + φράσω + τάδε; + +

+

+ 2 + 9 + . + +

+

+ τοῖς + κυρίοις + γὰρ + πάντα + χρὴ + δηλοῦν + λόγον. + +

+

+ ΧΟ. + +

+

+ οὐκ + ἔνδον, + ἀλλὰ + φροῦδος + ἀρτίως, + νέας + +

+

+ 735 + +

+

+ βουλὰς + νέοισιν + ἐγκαταζεύξας + τρόποις. + +

+

+ z + +

+

+ ΑΓ. + +

+

+ οὺ + tov. + +

+

+ βραδεῖαν + Auds + dp + 6 + τήνδε + τὴν + ὁδὸν + +

+

+ πέμπων + ἔπεμψεν, + ἢ + φάνην + ἐγὼ + βραδύς. + +

+

+ ΧΟ. + +

+

+ τί + & + ἐστὶ + χρείας + τῆσδ’ + tmecTAVicuOY + ; + +

+

+ A + 8 + +

+

+ 40 + +

+

+ ΑΓ, + +

+

+ τὸν + ἄνδρ’ + ἀπηύδα + Τεῦκρος + ἔνδοθεν + στέγης + +

+

+ un + ξω + παρήκειν, + πτριν + Tapev + aouros + Tox1,. + +

+

+ ΣΣΣ + z + 5 + , + +

+

+ ΧΟ. + +

+

+ ἀλλ’ + οἴχεταί + τοι, + πρὸς + τὸ + κέρδιστον + τραπεὶς + +

+

+ 730. + διεπεραιώθη] + διαπερεώθη + L. + διεπεραιώθη + C2A. + +

+

+ 737. + ἰοὺ + ἰού] + ἰοὺ + lod + +

+

+ ἰού + LA. + +

+

+ 741. + ἀπηύδα] + ἀπηῦδα + L + Pal. + +

+

+ ἀπηύδα + Α. + +

+ Commentary +

+ who + was + guilty + of + plotting + against + the + + army.’ + στρατοῦ + is + genitive + of + the + object. + + 727. + bs + connects + οὐκ + ἀρκέσοι, + K.TA. + + with + 4pacaor, + the + clause + 7v.. + ἀποκα- + + λοῦντες + being + parenthetical. + They + said, + + ὦ + τοῦ + μανέντος + .. + ξύναιμε, + οὐκ + ἀρκέσεις, + + ic.r. + . + The + verb + ἀρκεῖν + is + used + abso- + + lutely + in + the + original + sense + of + "to + ward + + off + danger,’ + and + this + uncommon + use + is + + supplemented + by + the + epexegetic + clause. + + 730. + διεπεραιώθη] + Lit. + were + passed + + from + either + side,’ + i + e. + crossed + blades. + + Not + merely + ‘ + were + unsheathed. + + 731. + δραμοῦσα + τοῦ + προσωτάτω] + + When + it + had + run + to + an + extreme.’ + The + + partitive + genitive + is + merely + idiomatic, + + and + does + not + limit + the + force + of + the + ex- + + pression. + Essay + on + L. + § + 10. + p. + 16 + (bis). + + 732. + ‘Through + elders + interposing + + with + theirwords.’ + For + év + instrumental, + + see + Essay + on + L. + § + 19. + p. + 28, + and + cp. + + Trach. + 887, + crovbevos + ἐν + τομᾷ + σιδάροῦ. + + 733. + ‘Where + is + our + Ajax?" + fjulv + is + + dative + of + the + person + interested. + Cp. + + supr. + 332, + ἡμῖν + τὸν + ἄνδρα + διαπεφοιβάσθαι + + κακοις. + + 734. + τοῖς + κυρίοις] + "To + those + prin- + +

+ Commentary +

+ cipally + concemed.’ + Cp. + Aesch. + Cho. + + 658, + 9, + εἰ + δὲ + τυγχάνω + | + τοῖς + κυρίοισι + καὶ + + προσήκουσιν + λέγων, + | + οὐκ + οἶδα. + + 735, + 6. + véas.. + τρόποι5] + ‘Having + + changed + his + purpose + in + unison + with + his + + change + of + mood.’ + The + Chorus + believe + + that + Ajax, + having + learnt + submission, + is + + gone + forth + to + purify + himself + in + the + fresh + + water + at + the + corner + of + the + bay. + Supr. + + 654 + foll. + + 737. + lod + ios] + The + messenger + per- + + ceives + that + the + fate + of + Ajax + is + sealed, + + and + raises + the + same + cry + of + horror + that + + Oedipus + utters + (O. + T. + 1182) + when + he + + discovers + the + truth. + + 738. + βραδεῖαν + is + predicative + and + ad- + + verbial,= + too + late.7 + Cp. + the + use + of + + πικρός, + e. + g. + infr. + 1239. + + 740. + "And + what + is + there + lacking + to + + the + fulfilment + of + the + present + need?’ + + xpetas + τῆσδ’, + the + need + implied + in + + Teucer's + sending + you, + τήνδε + τὴν + ὁδόν, + + supr. + 738. + + 743. + τοι] + ‘We + can + tell + you’ + τοι + + here + expresses + the + consciousness + of + con- + + tributing + pertinent + information. + + 743, + 4. + wpds + τὸ + κέρδιστον + .. + γνώμη] + +

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‘His thoughts having taken the hap- piest tum.’ For the genitive, cp. Trach. 705, ποῖ γνώμης πέσω; Ant. 42, ποῦ γνώμης ποτ’ εἶ; Xx6Aou] ‘In respect of (lit. from’ their wrath.’ 746. The name of Calchas, and the thought of his foreknowledge, strike the hearers with an expectant awe. 748. kal mapdv ἐτύγχανον] ‘For I was there to hear and see.’ An expan- sion of napdw, the coordinate for the participial construction. See Essay on I. 5 36. p. 68; also § 32. p. 55. 749 foll. Calchas, who alone knows the future, is not carried away by the rage which possesses the host. but simply wams Teucer in a friendly tone that the wrath of the gods is against Ajax for this one day. This_attitude of the prophet is emphasized by the pleonastic iteration, ἐκ’. . κύκλου μετα- στὰς otos.. δίχα, and by the periphrasis in 1. 753. συνέδρου .. κύκλου] ‘The circle of the lords who sate in council,’ with the ἀγορά of the Achaeans gathered round. 751, 2. Join δεξιὰν Gets.

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752. παντοίᾳ τέχνῃ] ‘ By all manner of means: to be joined with εἶρξαι. 753. κατ’ fipap .. τόδε] · For the day whose light is with us now and here;’ ie. to-day. 754. ἀφέντα agrees with Τεῦκρον, the subject of ἐᾶν, 756. τῇδε 6Apépa is more probable, because simpler, than τῇδ’ ἔθ’ ἡμέρᾳ. 757. Gs ἔφη Aéyov] ‘ As his words declared.’ The messenger is careful to make it clear that the assertion is the prophet’s, and not his owun. Cp. Creon in O. T. 110, ἐν τῇδ’ ἔφασκε γῇ. For this periphrasis, cp. Hdt. 1. 118, τῷ τε γὰρ πεποιημένῳ, ἔφη λέγων, ἐς τὸν παῖδα τοῦτον ἔκαμνον μεγάλως, κιτ.λ. Abicht observes that it is commonly used, as here, in passing to direct speech from indirect. 758. τὰ .. wepLoA κἀνόνητα σώματα] Men grown too great to be of profit.’ Cp. Shakespeare, Iulius Caesar, 1. 2. 149, 50, ‘Upon what meat doth this our Caesar feed, | That he is grown so great ?" Ib. 1. 1. 77, 8, ‘These growing feathers placked from Caesar’s wing, | ‘Wwill make him fly an ordinary pitch’

+

+ ΑΙΑΣ. + T + +

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+

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+ Commentary +

+ ‘His + thoughts + having + taken + the + hap- + + piest + tum.’ + For + the + genitive, + cp. + Trach. + + 705, + ποῖ + γνώμης + πέσω; + Ant. + 42, + ποῦ + + γνώμης + ποτ’ + εἶ; + + Xx6Aou] + ‘In + respect + of + (lit. + from’ + + their + wrath.’ + + 746. + The + name + of + Calchas, + and + the + + thought + of + his + foreknowledge, + strike + + the + hearers + with + an + expectant + awe. + + 748. + kal + mapdv + ἐτύγχανον] + ‘For + I + + was + there + to + hear + and + see.’ + An + expan- + + sion + of + napdw, + the + coordinate + for + the + + participial + construction. + See + Essay + on + + I. + 5 + 36. + p. + 68; + also + § + 32. + p. + 55. + + 749 + foll. + Calchas, + who + alone + knows + + the + future, + is + not + carried + away + by + the + + rage + which + possesses + the + host. + but + + simply + wams + Teucer + in + a + friendly + tone + + that + the + wrath + of + the + gods + is + against + + Ajax + for + this + one + day. + This_attitude + + of + the + prophet + is + emphasized + by + the + + pleonastic + iteration, + ἐκ’. + . + κύκλου + μετα- + + στὰς + otos.. + δίχα, + and + by + the + periphrasis + + in + 1. + 753. + + συνέδρου + .. + κύκλου] + ‘The + circle + of + + the + lords + who + sate + in + council,’ + with + the + + ἀγορά + of + the + Achaeans + gathered + round. + + 751, + 2. + Join + δεξιὰν + Gets. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 752. + παντοίᾳ + τέχνῃ] + ‘ + By + all + manner + + of + means: + to + be + joined + with + εἶρξαι. + + 753. + κατ’ + fipap + .. + τόδε] + · + For + the + day + + whose + light + is + with + us + now + and + here;’ + + ie. + to-day. + + 754. + ἀφέντα + agrees + with + Τεῦκρον, + the + + subject + of + ἐᾶν, + + 756. + τῇδε + 6Apépa + is + more + probable, + + because + simpler, + than + τῇδ’ + ἔθ’ + ἡμέρᾳ. + + 757. + Gs + ἔφη + Aéyov] + ‘ + As + his + words + + declared.’ + The + messenger + is + careful + to + + make + it + clear + that + the + assertion + is + the + + prophet’s, + and + not + his + owun. + Cp. + Creon + + in + O. + T. + 110, + ἐν + τῇδ’ + ἔφασκε + γῇ. + For + this + + periphrasis, + cp. + Hdt. + 1. + 118, + τῷ + τε + γὰρ + + πεποιημένῳ, + ἔφη + λέγων, + ἐς + τὸν + παῖδα + + τοῦτον + ἔκαμνον + μεγάλως, + κιτ.λ. + Abicht + + observes + that + it + is + commonly + used, + as + + here, + in + passing + to + direct + speech + from + + indirect. + + 758. + τὰ + .. + wepLoA + κἀνόνητα + σώματα] + + Men + grown + too + great + to + be + of + profit.’ + + Cp. + Shakespeare, + Iulius + Caesar, + 1. + 2. + + 149, + 50, + ‘Upon + what + meat + doth + this + + our + Caesar + feed, + | + That + he + is + grown + so + + great + ?" + Ib. + 1. + 1. + 77, + 8, + ‘These + growing + + feathers + placked + from + Caesar’s + wing, + | + + ‘Wwill + make + him + fly + an + ordinary + pitch’ + +

-

760. ὅστις] ‘When any one.’ Essay on L. § 22. p. 35, 2. 760, 1. ἀνθρώπου φύσιν | βλαστών] ‘Being but of human mould.’ An un- usual cognate accusative, to be partly accounted for by the frequent use of φύσιν as an accusative of respect. See Essay on L. § 17. p. 25; and cp. espe- cially Trach. 1062, γυνὴ δέ, θῆλυς οὖσα κοὐκ ἀνδρὸς φύσιν. 762. εὐθύς belongs in meaning to εὑρέθη in the following line. 763. marpbs may be either (1) geni- tive of derivation, : A foolish son of a wisely speaking father,’ for which, cp. Ant. 38, ἐσθλῶν κακή; or (2) genitive absolute, ‘Foolish, although his father advised him well.’ The former (1) is nearer to the truth. 764. αὐτὸν ἐννέπει] ‘Charged him. Cp. O. T. 350, ἐννέπω σέ, κατλ. 765. pudv.. The ‘ paratactic · structure (Essay on L. § 36. p. 68) gives additional emphasis. 769. ἐπισπάσειν] ‘That I shall cull perforce,’ as if plucking a branch from a tree. (Aesch. Pers. 475.) Cp. Shak.

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1 Hen. IV. 1. 3: "Hot. By heaven, me- thinks it were an easy leap | To pluck bright honour from the pale-facedmoon; | Or dive into the bottom of the deep, | Where fathom-line doth never touch the ground, | And pluck up drown2d hon- our by the locks; | So he that doth redeem her thence might wear | With- out corrival all her dignities.’ 770. τοσόνδ’ . . μῦθον] ‘So high the vaunt he utlered.’ Cp. supr. 386, μηδὲν μέγ’ εἴπῃς 422, 3, ἔπος | ἐξερέω μέγα. 771. δία5 Ἀθάνας] ‘Regarding glo- rious Athena.’ An extreme instance of the genitive of respect. Essay on L. § 9. p. 13, infr. 790, 792. The sentence is changed from ias Ἀθάνας brpuoians, or abepvns. 7173. ηὐδᾶτ’] For αὐδᾶν, ‘to com- mand’ cp. O. C. 864, αὐδῶ σιωπᾶν, and for the middle v. (of unasked, spon- taneous utterance), Phil. 130, οὗ δῆτα, τέκνον, ποικίλως αὐδωμένου. 773. δεινὸν ἄρρητόν τ’ ἔπος]·Α fear- fully impious word.’ 775. καθ’ ἡμᾶς] In my part of the line:? kard, as in Hdt. 2. 121. § 4, ὡς

+

+ 72 + ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

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+ Commentary +

+ 760. + ὅστις] + ‘When + any + one.’ + Essay + + on + L. + § + 22. + p. + 35, + 2. + + 760, + 1. + ἀνθρώπου + φύσιν + | + βλαστών] + + ‘Being + but + of + human + mould.’ + An + un- + + usual + cognate + accusative, + to + be + partly + + accounted + for + by + the + frequent + use + of + + φύσιν + as + an + accusative + of + respect. + See + + Essay + on + L. + § + 17. + p. + 25; + and + cp. + espe- + + cially + Trach. + 1062, + γυνὴ + δέ, + θῆλυς + οὖσα + + κοὐκ + ἀνδρὸς + φύσιν. + + 762. + εὐθύς + belongs + in + meaning + to + + εὑρέθη + in + the + following + line. + + 763. + marpbs + may + be + either + (1) + geni- + + tive + of + derivation, + : + A + foolish + son + of + a + + wisely + speaking + father,’ + for + which, + cp. + + Ant. + 38, + ἐσθλῶν + κακή; + or + (2) + genitive + + absolute, + ‘Foolish, + although + his + father + + advised + him + well.’ + The + former + (1) + is + + nearer + to + the + truth. + + 764. + αὐτὸν + ἐννέπει] + ‘Charged + him. + + Cp. + O. + T. + 350, + ἐννέπω + σέ, + κατλ. + + 765. + pudv.. + The + ‘ + paratactic + · + + structure + (Essay + on + L. + § + 36. + p. + 68) + gives + + additional + emphasis. + + 769. + ἐπισπάσειν] + ‘That + I + shall + cull + + perforce,’ + as + if + plucking + a + branch + from + + a + tree. + (Aesch. + Pers. + 475.) + Cp. + Shak. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 1 + Hen. + IV. + 1. + 3: + "Hot. + By + heaven, + me- + + thinks + it + were + an + easy + leap + | + To + pluck + + bright + honour + from + the + pale-facedmoon; + | + + Or + dive + into + the + bottom + of + the + deep, + | + + Where + fathom-line + doth + never + touch + the + + ground, + | + And + pluck + up + drown2d + hon- + + our + by + the + locks; + | + So + he + that + doth + + redeem + her + thence + might + wear + | + With- + + out + corrival + all + her + dignities.’ + + 770. + τοσόνδ’ + . + . + μῦθον] + ‘So + high + the + + vaunt + he + utlered.’ + Cp. + supr. + 386, + μηδὲν + + μέγ’ + εἴπῃς + 422, + 3, + ἔπος + | + ἐξερέω + μέγα. + + 771. + δία5 + Ἀθάνας] + ‘Regarding + glo- + + rious + Athena.’ + An + extreme + instance + of + + the + genitive + of + respect. + Essay + on + L. + + § + 9. + p. + 13, + infr. + 790, + 792. + The + sentence + + is + changed + from + ias + Ἀθάνας + brpuoians, + + or + abepvns. + + 7173. + ηὐδᾶτ’] + For + αὐδᾶν, + ‘to + com- + + mand’ + cp. + O. + C. + 864, + αὐδῶ + σιωπᾶν, + and + + for + the + middle + v. + (of + unasked, + spon- + + taneous + utterance), + Phil. + 130, + οὗ + δῆτα, + + τέκνον, + ποικίλως + αὐδωμένου. + + 773. + δεινὸν + ἄρρητόν + τ’ + ἔπος]·Α + fear- + + fully + impious + word.’ + + 775. + καθ’ + ἡμᾶς] + In + my + part + of + the + + line:? + kard, + as + in + Hdt. + 2. + 121. + § + 4, + ὡς + +

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δὲ kard τοὺς φυλάσσοντας ἦν Xen. Hell. 4. 2. 18, οἱ μὲν Ἀθηναῖοι κατὰ Λακεδαι- μονίους ἐγένοντο. Hermann renders, Per me, quantum in me est,’ which is rather=176 καθ’ ἡμᾶς (cp. Hdt. 7. 158). otimor’ ἐκρήξει] ‘Shall never burst forth,’ like a river breaking its banks. ‘Postquam . . duo acies manum ali- quandiu conseruerunt, si alterutra subito in fugam se converterit, eleganter pugna ipsa, tanquam obicibus antea colrcita, in eam partem ἐκρήσσειν [ἐκρῆξαι] di- catur.’ Musgr. Cp. the Homeric πολέ- μοιο γέφυραῖ, in which the opposing armies are thought of as the sides of a torrent. 776. The correction suggested by Hermann, Tot for Toĩs, although not quite necessary (for τοιοῖσδε might= Τοιοῖσδε πεφυκόσιν), is extremely pro- bable. 776, 7. ἀστεργῆ .. ὀργήν] FHe hath won him the unenviable guerdon of the goddess wrath.7 ἀστεργῆ is more for- cible when taken thus passively than if supposed to mean ‘"unloving’ which would add nothing to the notion of ὀργήν. For ἐκτήσατο, of something bad, cp. especially Aesch. S. c. T. 1017 (of Polynices), dyos δὲ καὶ θανὼν κεκτή- σεται. 779. The genitive αὐτοῦ shows that gwrhpia has nearly the force of a sub- stantive. 780. On this form of ihe senarius,

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generally marking some empressement, see above on l. 204. ἐξ ἕδρα5] ‘From where I sate, viz. amongst the Achaeans who were looking on at the council. 781. τάσδ’ bmorolds] ‘This charge,’ viz. that implied in supr. 753-5. Teucer remains to watch over his brother’s interests in the assembly. 782. Tedupos] The proper name is added after the article in further ex- planation. φυλάσσειν] The epexegetic infini- tive is occasioned by the addition of Teupos. εἰ δ’ ἀπεστερήμεθα] ‘But if we are frustrated;’ i. e. if the δαίμων of Ajax has prevented us from carrying out our intention. For ἀποστερεῖν of prevention, cp Aesch. Suppl. 1063, Ζεὺς ἀποστεροίη γάμον. This meaning is more forcible, although less obvious, than that of Bad- ham’s ingenious conjecture, εἰ 4p’ ὑστερήκαμεν. 783. The idiomatic ἁνὴρ κεῖνος avoids the association of the name Afas with the illomened οὐκ ἔστιν. 784. ‘O cruelly vexed Tecmessa, born to woel’ The exact association con- veyed in 8ata is difficult to seize. Per- haps from meaning ‘hostile,’ it comes to mean · lreated as an enemy, and so cruelly afflicted’ by the gods. 785. ‘Come and see what news this man is telling.’ Cp. Phil. 504, χρὴ δ’

+

+ AIAE. + 73 + +

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+

+ 2 + 2 + r + 2 + 8 + +

+

+ Τεῦκρος + φυλάσσειν, + εἰ + δ’ + ἀπεστερήμεθα, + +

+

+ a + z + „ + 4 + 2 + z + +

+

+ οὐκ + ἔστιν + ἁνὴρ + κεῖνος, + εἰ + Κάλχας + σοφός. + +

+

+ 2 + — + +

+

+ XO. + ὦ + δαΐα + Τέκμησσα, + δύσμορον + γένος, + +

+

+ D + 2 + 2 + +

+

+ ὅρα + μολοῦσα + τόνδ’ + ὁποῖ’ + ἔπη + θροεῖ, + 785 + +

+

+ 776. + τοι] + τοῖσ + MSS. + Herm. + corr. + +

+

+ 778. + τῇδε + θἠμέρᾳ] + τῆιδ’ + ἐν + ἡμέραι + LL? + Pal. + +

+

+ τῆιϊιδε + O + ἡμέραι + CA. + +

+

+ 780. + εἶφ’] + εἶπεν + LAT. + +

+

+ εἶφ’ + Co. + 782. + anecrephucal + +

+

+ ἀπεστηρήμεθα + L. + +

+

+ ἀπεστερήμεθα + A + Pal. + (c. + gl. + τοῦ + ofavros) + Vat. + ac. + +

+

+ ἀπεστερήθη- + +

+

+ μεν + LE. + ἀποστερήμεθα + RM2. + +

+

+ 783. + ἀνὴρ + revos) + ἀνὴρ + ἐκεῖνοσ + LA + pr. + ’κεῖνος + I. + +

+

+ 785. + ὅρα] + ὅραι + L. + ὅρα + A. + τόνδ’] + Tov. + +

+

+ T0 + CA. + +

+ Commentary +

+ δὲ + kard + τοὺς + φυλάσσοντας + ἦν + Xen. + Hell. + + 4. + 2. + 18, + οἱ + μὲν + Ἀθηναῖοι + κατὰ + Λακεδαι- + + μονίους + ἐγένοντο. + Hermann + renders, + + Per + me, + quantum + in + me + est,’ + which + is + + rather=176 + καθ’ + ἡμᾶς + (cp. + Hdt. + 7. + 158). + + otimor’ + ἐκρήξει] + ‘Shall + never + burst + + forth,’ + like + a + river + breaking + its + banks. + + ‘Postquam + . + . + duo + acies + manum + ali- + + quandiu + conseruerunt, + si + alterutra + subito + + in + fugam + se + converterit, + eleganter + pugna + + ipsa, + tanquam + obicibus + antea + colrcita, + + in + eam + partem + ἐκρήσσειν + [ἐκρῆξαι] + di- + + catur.’ + Musgr. + Cp. + the + Homeric + πολέ- + + μοιο + γέφυραῖ, + in + which + the + opposing + + armies + are + thought + of + as + the + sides + of + + a + torrent. + + 776. + The + correction + suggested + by + + Hermann, + Tot + for + Toĩs, + although + not + + quite + necessary + (for + τοιοῖσδε + might= + + Τοιοῖσδε + πεφυκόσιν), + is + extremely + pro- + + bable. + + 776, + 7. + ἀστεργῆ + .. + ὀργήν] + FHe + hath + + won + him + the + unenviable + guerdon + of + the + + goddess + wrath.7 + ἀστεργῆ + is + more + for- + + cible + when + taken + thus + passively + than + if + + supposed + to + mean + ‘"unloving’ + which + + would + add + nothing + to + the + notion + of + + ὀργήν. + For + ἐκτήσατο, + of + something + + bad, + cp. + especially + Aesch. + S. + c. + T. + 1017 + + (of + Polynices), + dyos + δὲ + καὶ + θανὼν + κεκτή- + + σεται. + + 779. + The + genitive + αὐτοῦ + shows + that + + gwrhpia + has + nearly + the + force + of + a + sub- + + stantive. + + 780. + On + this + form + of + ihe + senarius, + +

+ Commentary +

+ generally + marking + some + empressement, + + see + above + on + l. + 204. + + ἐξ + ἕδρα5] + ‘From + where + I + sate, + viz. + + amongst + the + Achaeans + who + were + looking + + on + at + the + council. + + 781. + τάσδ’ + bmorolds] + ‘This + charge,’ + + viz. + that + implied + in + supr. + 753-5. + Teucer + + remains + to + watch + over + his + brother’s + + interests + in + the + assembly. + + 782. + Tedupos] + The + proper + name + is + + added + after + the + article + in + further + ex- + + planation. + + φυλάσσειν] + The + epexegetic + infini- + + tive + is + occasioned + by + the + addition + of + + Teupos. + + εἰ + δ’ + ἀπεστερήμεθα] + ‘But + if + we + are + + frustrated;’ + i. + e. + if + the + δαίμων + of + Ajax + + has + prevented + us + from + carrying + out + our + + intention. + For + ἀποστερεῖν + of + prevention, + + cp + Aesch. + Suppl. + 1063, + Ζεὺς + ἀποστεροίη + + γάμον. + This + meaning + is + more + forcible, + + although + less + obvious, + than + that + of + Bad- + + ham’s + ingenious + conjecture, + εἰ + 4p’ + + ὑστερήκαμεν. + + 783. + The + idiomatic + ἁνὴρ + κεῖνος + + avoids + the + association + of + the + name + Afas + + with + the + illomened + οὐκ + ἔστιν. + + 784. + ‘O + cruelly + vexed + Tecmessa, + born + + to + woel’ + The + exact + association + con- + + veyed + in + 8ata + is + difficult + to + seize. + Per- + + haps + from + meaning + ‘hostile,’ + it + comes + + to + mean + · + lreated + as + an + enemy, + and + so + + cruelly + afflicted’ + by + the + gods. + + 785. + ‘Come + and + see + what + news + this + + man + is + telling.’ + Cp. + Phil. + 504, + χρὴ + δ’ + +

-

ξυρεῖ γὰρ ἐν χρῷ τοῦτο, μὴ χαίρειν τινά. τί μʼ αὖ τάλαιναν, ἀρτίως πεπαυμένην ΤΕ. ΤΕ. κακῶν ἀτρύτων, ἐξ ἕδρας ἀνίστατε ; τοῦδʼ εἰσάκουε τἀνδρός, ὡς ἥκει φέρων ΧΟ. Αἴαντος ἡμῖν πρᾶξιν ἣν ἤλγησʼ ἐγώ. οἴμοι, τί φῄς, ὤνθρωπε; μῶν ὀλώλαμεν; ΤΕ. οὐκ οἶδα τὴν σὴν πρᾶξιν, Αἴαντος δʼ ὅτι, ΑΓ. θυραῖος εἴπερ ἐστίν, οὐ θαρσῶ πέρι. καὶ μὴν θυραῖος, ὥστε μ’ ὠδίνειν τί φῄς. ΤΕ. ἐκεῖνον εἴργειν Τεῦκρος ἐξεφίεται ΑΓ. σκηνῆς ὕπαυλον μηδʼ ἀφιέναι μόνον. ποῦ δʼ ἐστὶ Τεῦκρος, κἀπὶ τῷ λέγει τάδε ; πάρεστʼ ἐκεῖνος ἄρτι· τήνδε δʼ ἔξοδον ΑΓ. ὀλεθρίαν Αἴαντος ἐλπίζει φέρειν. οἴμοι τάλαινα, τοῦ ποτʼ ἀνθρώπων μαθών : ΤΕ. ΑΓ. τοῦ Θεστορείου μάντεως, καθʼ ἡμέραν

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789. ὡς] ὃσ LM. ὡσ AC7 Vat. ac M2. 791. ὤνθρωπε] ἄνθρωπε LΓ. ὦνθρωπε CA. 794 μʼ ὠδίνειν] κʼ, ὠδίνειν L. μ’ ὠδίνειν CA. 796. ἀφιέναι] ἀ(μ)φιέ- ναι L. ἀφιέναι A. 799. ἐλπίζει φέρειν] ἐλπίζειν φέρειν A. 800. μαθών] ω from o L.

-

ἐκτὸς ὄντα πημάτων τὰ δείνʼ ὁρᾶν : O. T. 503, πρὶν ἴδοιμʼ ὀρθὸν ἔπος. 786. ‘This cutteth to the quick, and is not a thing to rejoice at.’ For the negative expression, μὴ χαίρειν, cp. Eur. Med. 136, οὐδὲ συνήδομαι, ὦ γύναι, ἄλγεσι δώματος; and, for ἐν χρῷ, Hdt. 4. 175, τὸ μὲν μέσον τῶν τριχῶν ἀνιέντες αὔξεσθαι, τὰ δὲ ἔνθεν καὶ ἔνθεν κείροντες ἐν χροΐ. Tecmessa now comes forth with Eurysaces. 787. ἀρτίως] Since the apparent change of mind in Ajax, l. 692. 788. κακῶν ἀτρύτων] ‘Incessant evils.’ So ἀτειρεῖ .. ἀγαθῷ, Pind. Ol. 2. 59. ‘unfailing good.’ ἐξ ἕδρας] She has been sitting quiet in the hut since l. 692. 790. ἥν] E. on L. § 16. p. 23, 2 a. ἤλγησʼ ἐγώ] For the aorist, see Essay on L. § 32. pp. 55, 6; and cp. supr. 693. 791. μῶν ὀλώλαμεν ;] ‘Are we then undone?’ Tecmessa (cp. supr. 269) passionately assumes that her fate and that of Ajax are one. The messenger

-

in his reply calmly distinguishes be- tween them. 792. Αἴαντος] The genitive is at first put vaguely, as in continuation of the possessive σήν, but a construction is afterwards supplied for it by the addition of πέρι. 794. ὥστε.. φῄς] ‘So that I am in travail to know your meaning.’ Cp. O. T. 73, 4, καί μʼ ἦμαρ ἤδη ξυμμετρού- μένον χρόνῳ | λυπεῖ τί πράσσει. 795. ἐξεφίεται] ‘Expressly orders.’ See Essay on L. § 55. p. 101. 796. σκηνῆς ὕπαυλον] ‘Confined within the tent.’ ὕπαυλος occurs only here. 797. ἐπὶ τῷ] ‘Why?’ The answer shows that the meaning is rather ‘ For what reason ?’ than ‘With what in- tention?’ 798, 9. τήνδε.. φέρειν] ‘And he is hoping to convey intelligence that it is fatal for Ajax to go forth as he has now done.’ 801, 2. καθʼ ἡμέραν .. φέρει] ‘This very day, in which he intimates that life or death is in store for him.’

+

+ ξυρεῖ + γὰρ + ἐν + χρῷ + τοῦτο, + μὴ + χαίρειν + τινά. + + τί + μʼ + αὖ + τάλαιναν, + ἀρτίως + πεπαυμένην + + ΤΕ. + + ΤΕ. + + κακῶν + ἀτρύτων, + ἐξ + ἕδρας + ἀνίστατε + ; + + τοῦδʼ + εἰσάκουε + τἀνδρός, + ὡς + ἥκει + φέρων + + ΧΟ. + + Αἴαντος + ἡμῖν + πρᾶξιν + ἣν + ἤλγησʼ + ἐγώ. + + οἴμοι, + τί + φῄς, + ὤνθρωπε; + μῶν + ὀλώλαμεν; + + ΤΕ. + + οὐκ + οἶδα + τὴν + σὴν + πρᾶξιν, + Αἴαντος + δʼ + ὅτι, + + ΑΓ. + + θυραῖος + εἴπερ + ἐστίν, + οὐ + θαρσῶ + πέρι. + + καὶ + μὴν + θυραῖος, + ὥστε + μ’ + ὠδίνειν + τί + φῄς. + + ΤΕ. + + ἐκεῖνον + εἴργειν + Τεῦκρος + ἐξεφίεται + + ΑΓ. + + σκηνῆς + ὕπαυλον + μηδʼ + ἀφιέναι + μόνον. + + ποῦ + δʼ + ἐστὶ + Τεῦκρος, + κἀπὶ + τῷ + λέγει + τάδε + ; + + πάρεστʼ + ἐκεῖνος + ἄρτι· + τήνδε + δʼ + ἔξοδον + + ΑΓ. + + ὀλεθρίαν + Αἴαντος + ἐλπίζει + φέρειν. + + οἴμοι + τάλαινα, + τοῦ + ποτʼ + ἀνθρώπων + μαθών + : + + ΤΕ. + + ΑΓ. + τοῦ + Θεστορείου + μάντεως, + καθʼ + ἡμέραν + +

+ Critical Apparatus +

+ 789. + ὡς] + ὃσ + LM. + ὡσ + AC7 + Vat. + ac + M2. + 791. + ὤνθρωπε] + ἄνθρωπε + LΓ. + ὦνθρωπε + + CA. + 794 + μʼ + ὠδίνειν] + κʼ, + ὠδίνειν + L. + μ’ + ὠδίνειν + CA. + 796. + ἀφιέναι] + ἀ(μ)φιέ- + + ναι + L. + ἀφιέναι + A. + 799. + ἐλπίζει + φέρειν] + ἐλπίζειν + φέρειν + A. + 800. + μαθών] + + ω + from + o + L. + +

+ Commentary +

+ ἐκτὸς + ὄντα + πημάτων + τὰ + δείνʼ + ὁρᾶν + : + O. + T. + + 503, + πρὶν + ἴδοιμʼ + ὀρθὸν + ἔπος. + + 786. + ‘This + cutteth + to + the + quick, + + and + is + not + a + thing + to + rejoice + at.’ + For + + the + negative + expression, + μὴ + χαίρειν, + cp. + + Eur. + Med. + 136, + οὐδὲ + συνήδομαι, + ὦ + γύναι, + + ἄλγεσι + δώματος; + and, + for + ἐν + χρῷ, + Hdt. + + 4. + 175, + τὸ + μὲν + μέσον + τῶν + τριχῶν + ἀνιέντες + + αὔξεσθαι, + τὰ + δὲ + ἔνθεν + καὶ + ἔνθεν + κείροντες + + ἐν + χροΐ. + Tecmessa + now + comes + forth + + with + Eurysaces. + + 787. + ἀρτίως] + Since + the + apparent + + change + of + mind + in + Ajax, + l. + 692. + + 788. + κακῶν + ἀτρύτων] + ‘Incessant + + evils.’ + So + ἀτειρεῖ + .. + ἀγαθῷ, + Pind. + Ol. + 2. + + 59. + ‘unfailing + good.’ + + ἐξ + ἕδρας] + She + has + been + sitting + quiet + + in + the + hut + since + l. + 692. + + 790. + ἥν] + E. + on + L. + § + 16. + p. + 23, + 2 + a. + + ἤλγησʼ + ἐγώ] + For + the + aorist, + see + + Essay + on + L. + § + 32. + pp. + 55, + 6; + and + cp. + + supr. + 693. + + 791. + μῶν + ὀλώλαμεν + ;] + ‘Are + we + then + + undone?’ + Tecmessa + (cp. + supr. + 269) + + passionately + assumes + that + her + fate + and + + that + of + Ajax + are + one. + The + messenger + +

+ Commentary +

+ in + his + reply + calmly + distinguishes + be- + + tween + them. + + 792. + Αἴαντος] + The + genitive + is + at + + first + put + vaguely, + as + in + continuation + of + + the + possessive + σήν, + but + a + construction + + is + afterwards + supplied + for + it + by + the + + addition + of + πέρι. + + 794. + ὥστε.. + φῄς] + ‘So + that + I + am + in + + travail + to + know + your + meaning.’ + Cp. + + O. + T. + 73, + 4, + καί + μʼ + ἦμαρ + ἤδη + ξυμμετρού- + + μένον + χρόνῳ | + λυπεῖ + τί + πράσσει. + + 795. + ἐξεφίεται] + ‘Expressly + orders.’ + + See + Essay + on + L. + § + 55. + p. + 101. + + 796. + σκηνῆς + ὕπαυλον] + ‘Confined + + within + the + tent.’ + ὕπαυλος occurs + only here. + + 797. + ἐπὶ + τῷ] + ‘Why?’ + The + answer + + shows + that + the + meaning + is + rather + ‘ + For + + what + reason + ?’ + than + ‘With + what + in- + + tention?’ + + 798, + 9. + τήνδε.. + φέρειν] + ‘And + he + is + + hoping + to + convey + intelligence + that + it + is + + fatal + for + Ajax + to + go + forth + as + he + has + now + + done.’ + + 801, + 2. + καθʼ + ἡμέραν + .. + φέρει] + ‘This + + very + day, + in + which + he + intimates + that + + life + or + death + is + in + store + for + him.’ + +

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803. πρόστητ’ dvaykatas TOX) Either (I) "Stand forth to succour us under this crushing blow,’ dvayralas τύχης being an objeclive genitive, like θανάτων in O. T. 1200, θανάτων δ’ ud χώρᾳ πύργος ἀνέστα; or (2) ‘Stand forth to defend the helpless, — abstract for concrete; or (3) taking the verb differently, ‘Stand forth to prevent this crushing sorrow.’ For (I) cp. Eur. Andr. 220, 1, χείρον’ ἀρσένων voov ταύτην νοσοῦμεν, ἀλλὰ προὔστημεν κα- λῶς. See also O. Τ. 187, ὧν ὕπερ, and note. 804. The change of subject in μολεῖν is noticeable. ‘Hasten Teucer’s com- ing,’ instead of ‘Make haste to bring Teucer with speed.’ 805. ἀγκῶνα is governed by ἰόντες, in which the notion of σπεύσατε is re- sumed. Sob. ἔξοδον] Sc. ὅποι ἐξέβη. The form of the sentence is changed by the introduction of ζητεῖτε. For the second δέ following udv.. δέ, cp. Ant. 200-2, ἠθέλησε uv. . ἠθέλησε δὲ .. τοὺς δὲ δου- λώσα-ς dyew. 807, 8. ‘For I well perceive that my husband has deceived me, and cast me out from the favour that I had of

-

yore."’ These two lines reveal the cause of Tecmessa’s being so easily blinded. For φωτός, genitive of the agent, cp. Trach. 267, 8, ἀνδρὸς ὡς ἐκχευθέρου| ῥαίοιτο. 809. She is eager to go in search of Ajax, but first throws a distracted look upon the child. After a momentary struggle with herself, she leaves him. Cp. infr. 985. οὐχ ἱδρυτέον] ‘One must not stay.’ ἱδρυτέον is verbal of ἱδρῦσθαι as a de- ponent verb. For the meaning, cp. Thuc. 1. 131, ἐς μὲν τὴν Σπάρτην οὐκ ἐπανεχώρει, ἐς δὲ Κολωνὰς 7ds Τρῳάδας ἱδρυθείς, κ.τ.λ., Trach. 68, ἱδρῦσθαι, and note. 810. This line prepares the way for what follows, l. 8o1, where Ajax is found by Tecmessa at a short distance from the camp, and not by the Chorus, who have been searching far and wide. 811. οὐκ Bpas ἀκμῇ] It is high time for something else than sitting still.’ Cp. Phil. 12, deun γὰρ οὐ μακρῶν ἡμῖν λόγων, 812. Three readings are possible here : (1) ἀνδρ’ bs ἂν σπεύδῃ (2) dv- δρα γ’ bs σπεύδει; and (3) that in the text. The choice lies between (2) and (3).

+

+ AIAZ. + 75 + +

+

+ τὴν + νῦν, + 5 + αὐτῷ + θάνατον + ἡ + βίον + φέρει. + +

+

+ TE. + +

+

+ o + yb, + φίλοι, + πρόστητ’ + dvaykatas + τύχης, + +

+

+ A + LLL + ’ + +

+

+ καὶ + σπεύσαθ’, + οἱ + μὲν + Τεῦκρον + ἐν + τάχει + μολεῖν + +

+

+ 8 + 5 + ; + 5 + 8 + 2 + 2 + +

+

+ ’ + +

+

+ οἱ + δ’ + ἑσπέρους + ἀγκῶνας, + of + δ’ + ἀντηλίους + +

+

+ - + , + +

+

+ 805 + +

+

+ ζητεῖτ’ + ἰόντες + τἀνδρὸς + ἔξοδον + κακήν. + +

+

+ ἔγνωκα + γὰρ + δὴ + φωτὸς + ἠπατημένη + +

+

+ καὶ + τῆς + παλαιᾶς + xdpiros + ἐκβεβλημένη. + +

+

+ οἴμοι, + τί + δράσω, + τέκνον; + οὐχ + ἱδρυτέον. + +

+

+ ἀλλ’ + εἶμι + κἀγὼ + κεῖσ’ + ὅποιπερ + dv + σθένω. + +

+

+ 2 + " + — + +

+

+ 810 + +

+

+ Χωρῶμεν, + ἐγκονῶμεν, + οὐχ + ἕδρας + ἀκμή, + +

+

+ [10b. + +

+

+ σώζειν + θέλοντας + ἄνδρα + γ’, + de + σπεύδῃ + θανεῖν. + +

+

+ 802. + 67) + ἡιτ’ + L. + ἤτ’ + Pal. + M. + +

+

+ 803. + οἱ + ’γώ] + οἱ + ἐγὼ + LAT + Pal. + +

+

+ τύχης + +

+

+ a + +

+

+ τύχας + L. + +

+

+ 805. + ἑσπέρους] + ἑσπέρασ + L. + +

+

+ ἑσπέρουσ + CA. + +

+

+ ἀντηλίους] + ἀνθηλίους + +

+

+ A + Vat. + ac + VUMME + +

+

+ 808. + Line + om. + L2 + pr. + +

+

+ Sro. + κεῖσ’] + κεῖσε + L. + +

+

+ 811. + +

+

+ l + +

+

+ ἐγκονῶμεν] + ἐγκωνῶμεν + 1. + ἐγκωνῶμεν + C2. + ἐγκονῶμεν + CA + Pal. + +

+

+ 812-814. + +

+

+ om. + A. + pr. + add + Ao. + +

+

+ 812. + bs] + dc + ἂν + L. + +

+

+ bc + A. + σπεύδῃ] + cee + CA + +

+

+ Vat. + ac + MM2. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 803. + πρόστητ’ + dvaykatas + TOX) + + Either + (I) + "Stand + forth + to + succour + us + + under + this + crushing + blow,’ + dvayralas + + τύχης + being + an + objeclive + genitive, + like + + θανάτων + in + T. + 1200, + θανάτων + δ’ + ud + + χώρᾳ + πύργος + ἀνέστα; + or + (2) + ‘Stand + + forth + to + defend + the + helpless, + — + abstract + + for + concrete; + or + (3) + taking + the + verb + + differently, + ‘Stand + forth + to + prevent + this + + crushing + sorrow.’ + For + (I) + cp. + + χείρον’ + ἀρσένων + voov + + ταύτην + νοσοῦμεν, + ἀλλὰ + προὔστημεν + κα- + + λῶς. + See + also + Τ. + 187, + ὧν + ὕπερ, + and + + note. + + 804. + The + change + of + subject + in + μολεῖν + + is + noticeable. + ‘Hasten + Teucer’s + com- + + ing,’ + instead + of + ‘Make + haste + to + bring + + Teucer + with + speed.’ + + 805. + ἀγκῶνα + is + governed + by + ἰόντες, + + in + which + the + notion + of + σπεύσατε + is + re- + + sumed. + + Sob. + ἔξοδον] + Sc. + ὅποι + ἐξέβη. + The + + form + of + the + sentence + is + changed + by + the + + introduction + of + ζητεῖτε. + For + the + second + + δέ + following + udv.. + δέ, + cp. + + ἠθέλησε + uv. + . + ἠθέλησε + δὲ + .. + τοὺς + δὲ + δου- + + λώσα-ς + dyew. + + 807, + 8. + ‘For + I + well + perceive + that + + my + husband + has + deceived + me, + and + cast + + me + out + from + the + favour + that + I + had + of + +

+ Commentary +

+ yore."’ + These + two + lines + reveal + the + cause + + of + Tecmessa’s + being + so + easily + blinded. + + For + φωτός, + genitive + of + the + agent, + cp. + + ἀνδρὸς + ὡς + ἐκχευθέρου| + + ῥαίοιτο. + + 809. + She + is + eager + to + go + in + search + of + + Ajax, + but + first + throws + a + distracted + look + + upon + the + child. + After + a + momentary + + struggle + with + herself, + she + leaves + him. + + Cp. + infr. + 985. + + οὐχ + ἱδρυτέον] + ‘One + must + not + stay.’ + + ἱδρυτέον + is + verbal + of + ἱδρῦσθαι + as + a + de- + + ponent + verb. + For + the + meaning, + cp. + + Thuc. + 1. + 131, + ἐς + μὲν + τὴν + Σπάρτην + οὐκ + + ἐπανεχώρει, + ἐς + δὲ + Κολωνὰς + 7ds + Τρῳάδας + + ἱδρυθείς, + κ.τ.λ., + ἱδρῦσθαι, + and + + note. + + 810. + This + line + prepares + the + way + for + + what + follows, + l. + 8o1, + where + Ajax + is + + found + by + Tecmessa + at + a + short + distance + + from + the + camp, + and + not + by + the + Chorus, + + who + have + been + searching + far + and + wide. + + 811. + οὐκ + Bpas + ἀκμῇ] + It + is + high + + time + for + something + else + than + sitting + + still.’ + Cp. + deun + γὰρ + οὐ + μακρῶν + + ἡμῖν + λόγων, + + 812. + Three + readings + are + possible + + here + : + (1) + ἀνδρ’ + bs + ἂν + σπεύδῃ + (2) + dv- + + δρα + γ’ + bs + σπεύδει; + and + (3) + that + in + the + + text. + The + choice + lies + between + (2) + and + (3). + +

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814. kal ποδῶν is added to define ἔργου further. Exeunt Chorus severally by the two side doors. Cp. supr. 805. 815 65. The scene is changed to a wooded place (infr. 892) not far from the camp (infr. 874-8), where Ajax is disclosed, somewhat retired, but so that both he and the projecting point of the sword which he has planted in the ground, are visible to the spectators. 815. ὁ . . σφαγεύ5] Either (1) "the slayer.’ or (2) ‘ the sacrificer; probably the former (I). ἔστηκεν .. ἄν] ‘Stands so as he may prove most keen :’ whetted not only with the grind-stone, but with the hate of Hector who gave it, the enmity of the Trojan soil in which it is fixed, the determined will of Ajax and his care in executing that will. The sword thus ordered cannot fail of its effect. 816. εἴ τῳ . . σχολη] These words mark Ajax’" feeling of the extreme deliberateness of his act. After long repression he is at leisure not only to make elaborate preparations, but also to reason over what he is about to do. For the language, cp. Thuc. 2. 45. εἰ δέ pe δεῖ Κκαὶ γυναϊκείας τι ἀρετῆς .. μνησθῆναι, βραχείᾳ παραινέσει ἅπαν σημανῶ. The clause is rather to be connected with what follows than with what precedes. (Others would supply Hr. and render ‘ If one had but time to

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make reflections). The indefinite ro has an ironical effect, and also somewhat of solemnity, like the impersonal ex- pression in Shakespeare, Julius Caesar, 5. 1: ‘O, that a man might know | The end of this day’s business ere it come1’ 817, 18. ἀνδρὸς .. ὁρᾶν] ‘ Of Hector, who of men not Greek was by me most hated and abhorred.’ ἀνδρός adds a touch of distinction to the name which follows. Cp EL 45, map’ ἀνδρὸς Φανο- τέως ἥκων. By the addition of ξένων he reserves his chief hatred for the Argives. 820. The reading σιδηροβρώτῃ is not impossible. Cp. O. T. 80, 1, τύχῃ .. σωτῆρι, and note. The iteration of ἔπηξα after πέπηγε, supr. 819, strengthens our impression of the firmness with which the sword was fastened in the earth. 821. εὖ περιστείλας] ‘Carefully se- euring it.’ He had trodden the earth about it, as if planting a young tree. 822. evoracov. θανεῖν] ‘So as most kindly to provide for me a speedy death.’ εὐνούστατον is supplementary predicate with ἔπηξα. Essay on L. § 23. p. 38, § 38, p. 71. θανεῖν is epexe- getic=are Gaveiv. Ajax has but two desires, that his death may be (1) cer- tain, (2) swift. His preparation of the sword secures both ends in one. 823. οὕτω μὲν εὐσκευοῦμεν] So

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+ z + 1r + x + Sf + 5 + , + z + +

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+ μάλιστα + μισηθέντος + ἐχθίστου + θ’ + ὁρᾶν· + +

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+ πέπηγε + δ’ + ἐν + γῇ + πολεμίᾳ + τῇ + Τρφῳάδι, + +

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+ σιδηροβρῶτι + θηγάνῃ + νεηκονής· + +

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+ 817. + ξένων] + ξέναν + L. + tvaw + C2A. + +

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+

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+ poBpar + COALI + pr. + (σιδηροβρώτῃ + corr. + Le) + Vat. + ac. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 814. + kal + ποδῶν + is + added + to + define + + ἔργου + further. + Exeunt + Chorus + severally + + by + the + two + side + doors. + Cp. + supr. + 805. + + 815 + 65. + The + scene + is + changed + to + a + + wooded + place + (infr. + 892) + not + far + from + + the + camp + (infr. + 874-8), + where + Ajax + is + + disclosed, + somewhat + retired, + but + so + that + + both + he + and + the + projecting + point + of + the + + sword + which + he + has + planted + in + the + + ground, + are + visible + to + the + spectators. + + 815. + ὁ + . + . + σφαγεύ5] + Either + (1) + "the + + slayer.’ + or + (2) + ‘ + the + sacrificer; + probably + + the + former + (I). + + ἔστηκεν + .. + ἄν] + ‘Stands + so + as + he + may + + prove + most + keen + :’ + whetted + not + only + + with + the + grind-stone, + but + with + the + hate + + of + Hector + who + gave + it, + the + enmity + of + + the + Trojan + soil + in + which + it + is + fixed, + the + + determined + will + of + Ajax + and + his + care + + in + executing + that + will. + The + sword + thus + + ordered + cannot + fail + of + its + effect. + + 816. + εἴ + τῳ + . + . + σχολη] + These + words + + mark + Ajax’" + feeling + of + the + extreme + + deliberateness + of + his + act. + After + long + + repression + he + is + at + leisure + not + only + + to + make + elaborate + preparations, + but + + also + to + reason + over + what + he + is + about + + to + do. + For + the + language, + cp. + Thuc. + + 2. + 45. + εἰ + δέ + pe + δεῖ + Κκαὶ + γυναϊκείας + τι + + ἀρετῆς + .. + μνησθῆναι, + βραχείᾳ + παραινέσει + + ἅπαν + σημανῶ. + The + clause + is + rather + to + be + + connected + with + what + follows + than + with + + what + precedes. + (Others + would + supply + + Hr. + and + render + ‘ + If + one + had + but + time + to + +

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+ make + reflections). + The + indefinite + ro + + has + an + ironical + effect, + and + also + somewhat + + of + solemnity, + like + the + impersonal + ex- + + pression + in + Shakespeare, + Julius + Caesar, + + 5. + 1: + ‘O, + that + a + man + might + know + | + The + + end + of + this + day’s + business + ere + it + come1’ + + 817, + 18. + ἀνδρὸς + .. + ὁρᾶν] + ‘ + Of + Hector, + + who + of + men + not + Greek + was + by + me + most + + hated + and + abhorred.’ + ἀνδρός + adds + a + + touch + of + distinction + to + the + name + which + + follows. + Cp + map’ + ἀνδρὸς + Φανο- + + τέως + ἥκων. + By + the + addition + of + ξένων + + he + reserves + his + chief + hatred + for + the + + Argives. + + 820. + The + reading + σιδηροβρώτῃ + is + + not + impossible. + Cp. + τύχῃ + .. + + σωτῆρι, + and + note. + + The + iteration + of + ἔπηξα + after + πέπηγε, + + supr. + 819, + strengthens + our + impression + + of + the + firmness + with + which + the + sword + + was + fastened + in + the + earth. + + 821. + εὖ + περιστείλας] + ‘Carefully + se- + + euring + it.’ + He + had + trodden + the + earth + + about + it, + as + if + planting + a + young + tree. + + 822. + evoracov. + θανεῖν] + ‘So + as + + most + kindly + to + provide + for + me + a + speedy + + death.’ + εὐνούστατον + is + supplementary + + predicate + with + ἔπηξα. + Essay + on + L. + + § + 23. + p. + 38, + § + 38, + p. + 71. + θανεῖν + is + epexe- + + getic=are + Gaveiv. + Ajax + has + but + two + + desires, + that + his + death + may + be + (1) + cer- + + tain, + (2) + swift. + His + preparation + of + the + + sword + secures + both + ends + in + one. + + 823. + οὕτω + μὲν + εὐσκευοῦμεν] + + So + +

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well provided with an instrument am I. μέν is resumed from supr. 815. 824. καὶ γὰρ elc6s] These words are characteristic of the indomitable hero, who, in his supreme hour, addresses the sovereign of the gods as his kinsman. (Cp. supr. 337, προγόνων προπάτωρ.) 825. λακεῖν, if the true reading, is epexegetic, the accusative vépas being governed, primarily, by αἰτήσομαι. But AaBeiv may be right. See v. rr. 826. κακὴν φάτιν] A rumour of evil sound.’ In the ‘clairvoyance’ of this moment Ajax imagines the effect which the news of his death would have on Teucer, as also, infr. 850, on his motbker. It has been supposed that infr. 998, ὀξεῖα γὰρ .. θανών indicates the answer of Zeus to this prayer. But, although this is possible, such a rumour is suffi- ciently accounted for by what passes at supr. 749 foll., especially the words in 1. 782, οὖκ ἔστιν ἄνηρ κεῖνος. 828. περί] Cp. infr. 899, φασγάνῳ περιπτυχής. νεορῥάντῳ] ‘Then freshly streaming.’

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For this vivid touch, cp. infr. 898, ἀρτίως νεοσφαγής. He does not mention Tec- messa. 830. ῥιφθῶ .. ἔἕλωρ] ‘ I be cast forth, exposed to dogs and birds for a prey. 823. 4. ‘And that the leap where- with I plunge this sword into my side may be swift and without a struggle.’ πηδήματι has been interpreted of the involuntary spring upwards at the mo- ment of the sword pierciag the heart ; but it is rather, more simply, the act of falling on the sword. Ajax prays that this may be unattended with con- vulsions, and may lead directly to the consummation. 835. ἀεὶ . . παρθένου] Cp. especially, Aesch. Eum. 69, 70, παλαιαὶ maibes, aĩs οὐ μίγνυται | θεῶν τις, οὐδ’ ἄνθρωπος, οὐδὲ θήρ ποτε, 836. Cp. O. C. 42, τὰς πάνθ’ ὁρώσας Ebuevtbas, k.T.A. 837. μαθεῖν] The inf. depends on the general notion in kaA, the full expression, καλῶ ἀρωγούς, being partly lost sight of.

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+ ΑΙΑΣ. + 77 + +

+

+ σὺ + πρῶτος, + B + Ζεῦ, + kal + γὰρ + εἰκός, + dpxecor. + +

+

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+ αἰτήσομαι + δέ + σ’ + οὐ + μακρὸν + γέρας + λαχεῖν. + +

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+ Τεύκρῳ + φέροντα, + πρῶτος + ὥς + με + βαστάσῃ + +

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+ πεπτῶτα + τῷδε + περὶ + νεορράντῳ + ξίφει, + +

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+ 825. + λαχεῖν] + λαβεῖν + LL2M. + λαχεῖν + CA + Vat. + ac. + +

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+ well + provided + with + an + instrument + am + I. + + μέν + is + resumed + from + supr. + 815. + + 824. + καὶ + γὰρ + elc6s] + These + words + are + + characteristic + of + the + indomitable + hero, + + who, + in + his + supreme + hour, + addresses + the + + sovereign + of + the + gods + as + his + kinsman. + + (Cp. + supr. + 337, + προγόνων + προπάτωρ.) + + 825. + λακεῖν, + if + the + true + reading, + is + + epexegetic, + the + accusative + vépas + being + + governed, + primarily, + by + αἰτήσομαι. + But + + AaBeiv + may + be + right. + See + v. + rr. + + 826. + κακὴν + φάτιν] + A + rumour + of + + evil + sound.’ + In + the + ‘clairvoyance’ + of + + this + moment + Ajax + imagines + the + effect + + which + the + news + of + his + death + would + have + + on + Teucer, + as + also, + infr. + 850, + on + his + + motbker. + + It + has + been + supposed + that + infr. + 998, + + ὀξεῖα + γὰρ + .. + θανών + indicates + the + answer + + of + Zeus + to + this + prayer. + But, + although + + this + is + possible, + such + a + rumour + is + suffi- + + ciently + accounted + for + by + what + passes + at + + supr. + 749 + foll., + especially + the + words + in + + 1. + 782, + οὖκ + ἔστιν + ἄνηρ + κεῖνος. + + 828. + περί] + Cp. + infr. + 899, + φασγάνῳ + + περιπτυχής. + + νεορῥάντῳ] + ‘Then + freshly + streaming.’ + +

+ Commentary +

+ For + this + vivid + touch, + cp. + infr. + 898, + ἀρτίως + + νεοσφαγής. + He + does + not + mention + Tec- + + messa. + + 830. + ῥιφθῶ + .. + ἔἕλωρ] + ‘ + I + be + cast + forth, + + exposed + to + dogs + and + birds + for + a + + prey. + + 823. + 4. + ‘And + that + the + leap + where- + + with + I + plunge + this + sword + into + my + side + + may + be + swift + and + without + a + struggle.’ + + πηδήματι + has + been + interpreted + of + the + + involuntary + spring + upwards + at + the + mo- + + ment + of + the + sword + pierciag + the + heart + ; + + but + it + is + rather, + more + simply, + the + act + + of + falling + on + the + sword. + Ajax + prays + + that + this + may + be + unattended + with + con- + + vulsions, + and + may + lead + directly + to + the + + consummation. + + 835. + ἀεὶ + . + . + παρθένου] + Cp. + especially, + + Aesch. + Eum. + 69, + 70, + παλαιαὶ + maibes, + aĩs + + οὐ + μίγνυται + | + θεῶν + τις, + οὐδ’ + ἄνθρωπος, + + οὐδὲ + θήρ + ποτε, + + 836. + Cp. + O. + C. + 42, + τὰς + πάνθ’ + ὁρώσας + + Ebuevtbas, + k.T.A. + + 837. + μαθεῖν] + The + inf. + depends + on + + the + general + notion + in + kaA, + the + full + + expression, + καλῶ + ἀρωγούς, + being + partly + + lost + sight + of. + +

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839-42. See v. rr. The reasons for rejecting these four lines may be briefly given. The allusion to the death of Agamemnon, which is the chief point in them, interferes with the poetical simplicity of the passage, and is more- over not applicable to Menelaus. The emphatic use of αὐτοσφαγής in two dif- ferent senses in the same line is awk- ward, and like an imitation. φίλιστος occurs nowhere else, and τώ5 not else- where in Sophocles; and ἐκγόνων seems to have arisen from a confusion of the death of Agamemnon with that of Clytemnestra, together with an at- tempt to include the fate of Odysseus. 844. Flesh yourselves unsparingly on all the populous host.’ μὴ φείδεσθε is introduced did μέσου. The πάνδημος στρατός of the Achaeans is contrasted with the Argive chiefs. 847. ἐπισχὼν .. ἡνίαν] ‘Checking thy rein.’ Instead of saying ἐπέχει ἅρμα, or tmrovs, the means, or more immediate object, is put into the accu- sative. . χρυσόνωτον] ‘Gilded,’ viz. having the upper surface studded with gold.

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848. dras.. ἐμόν] ‘My troubles and my fate.’ This is not a mere pleonasm. The ἅται may include his first provo- cation of Athena as well as his wild actions since; the word pbpov is spe- cially applicable to his death. 849. re δυστήνῳ τροφῷ1] Either (1) "and the unhappy one who nursed my infancy;" or (2) ‘and the unhappy one who tends on him.’ According to (I) Ajax in thinking of his mother with special tenderness, speaks of her as the one who nursed him at her breast (ff μ’ ἔτεχ’, ἥ μ’ ἔθρεψε, Od. 2. 131.) Accord- ing to (2) he is thinking of the dreary household at Salamis. where she who had been the wife of Telamon’s youth was now the nurse of his declining years. Cp. Od. 24. 211, ἐν δὲ γυνὴ Σικελὴ γρηὺς πέλεν; ἥ ῥα γέροντα | ἐνδυκέως κο- μέεσκεν ἐπ’ ἀγροῦ, νόσφι πόληο. 851. Cp. Eur. Med. 1176, εἶτ’ ἀντί- μολπον ἧκεν ὀλολυγῆς μέγαν | κωκυτόν. 852. ‘But I have nought to do with vain laments for this.’ οὐδὲν ἔργον, lit. · It is no part of the business in hand.’ 853. σὺν τάχει τιν(] · And that with

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+ ἀλλ’ + οὐδὲν + ἔργον + ταῦτα + θρηνεῖσθαι + μάτην, + +

+

+ ἀλλ’ + ἀρκτέον + τὸ + πρᾶγμα + σὺν + τάχει + τινί. + +

+

+ 839 + ff. + καίσφασ + κακοὺσ· + κάκιστα + καὶ + πανωλέθρουσ + | + ξυναρπάσειαν, + ὥσπερ + εἰσορῶσ’ + +

+

+ a + +

+

+ ἐμὲ + | + αὐτοσφαγῆι + (sic). + αὐτοσφαγῆ + A.] + πίπτοντα, + τὰσ + αὐτοσφαγεὶσ + [sic. + αὐτοσφα- + +

+

+ γεῖσ + CoaA] + πρὸσ + τῶν + φιλίστων + ἐκγόνων + (ἐκγονων + L) + ὀλοίατο + LALZ + Pal. + Vat. + ac. + +

+

+ 〈καὐτοσφαγεῖς + Pal. + +

+

+ Tws + αὐτοσφαγεῖς + Vat. + ac. + +

+

+ s + αὐτοσφαγεῖς + ). + +

+

+ ἐκγόνων + +

+

+ Vat. + a. + 843. + ἴτ’] + ἴτετ’ + L. + +

+

+ ἴτ’ + Α. + +

+

+ 851. + πάσῃ] + πᾶσι + L. + +

+

+ πάσηι + Ce. + +

+

+ πάση + A. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 839-42. + See + v. + rr. + The + reasons + for + + rejecting + these + four + lines + may + be + briefly + + given. + The + allusion + to + the + death + of + + Agamemnon, + which + is + the + chief + point + + in + them, + interferes + with + the + poetical + + simplicity + of + the + passage, + and + is + more- + + over + not + applicable + to + Menelaus. + The + + emphatic + use + of + αὐτοσφαγής + in + two + dif- + + ferent + senses + in + the + same + line + is + awk- + + ward, + and + like + an + imitation. + φίλιστος + + occurs + nowhere + else, + and + τώ5 + not + else- + + where + in + Sophocles; + and + ἐκγόνων + seems + + to + have + arisen + from + a + confusion + of + the + + death + of + Agamemnon + with + that + of + + Clytemnestra, + together + with + an + at- + + tempt + to + include + the + fate + of + Odysseus. + + 844. + Flesh + yourselves + unsparingly + + on + all + the + populous + host.’ + μὴ + φείδεσθε + + is + introduced + did + μέσου. + The + πάνδημος + + στρατός + of + the + Achaeans + is + contrasted + + with + the + Argive + chiefs. + + 847. + ἐπισχὼν + .. + ἡνίαν] + ‘Checking + + thy + rein.’ + Instead + of + saying + ἐπέχει + + ἅρμα, + or + tmrovs, + the + means, + or + more + + immediate + object, + is + put + into + the + accu- + + sative. + . + + χρυσόνωτον] + ‘Gilded,’ + viz. + having + + the + upper + surface + studded + with + gold. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 848. + dras.. + ἐμόν] + ‘My + troubles + and + + my + fate.’ + This + is + not + a + mere + pleonasm. + + The + ἅται + may + include + his + first + provo- + + cation + of + Athena + as + well + as + his + wild + + actions + since; + the + word + pbpov + is + spe- + + cially + applicable + to + his + death. + + 849. + re + δυστήνῳ + τροφῷ1] + Either + + (1) + "and + the + unhappy + one + who + nursed + + my + infancy;" + or + (2) + ‘and + the + unhappy + + one + who + tends + on + him.’ + According + to + + (I) + Ajax + in + thinking + of + his + mother + with + + special + tenderness, + speaks + of + her + as + the + + one + who + nursed + him + at + her + breast + (ff + μ’ + + ἔτεχ’, + ἥ + μ’ + ἔθρεψε, + Od. + 2. + 131.) + Accord- + + ing + to + (2) + he + is + thinking + of + the + dreary + + household + at + Salamis. + where + she + who + + had + been + the + wife + of + Telamon’s + youth + + was + now + the + nurse + of + his + declining + years. + + Cp. + Od. + 24. + 211, + ἐν + δὲ + γυνὴ + Σικελὴ + + γρηὺς + πέλεν; + ἥ + ῥα + γέροντα + | + ἐνδυκέως + κο- + + μέεσκεν + ἐπ’ + ἀγροῦ, + νόσφι + πόληο. + + 851. + Cp. + Eur. + Med. + 1176, + εἶτ’ + ἀντί- + + μολπον + ἧκεν + ὀλολυγῆς + μέγαν + | + κωκυτόν. + + 852. + ‘But + I + have + nought + to + do + with + + vain + laments + for + this.’ + + οὐδὲν + ἔργον, + lit. + · + It + is + no + part + of + the + + business + in + hand.’ + + 853. + σὺν + τάχει + τιν(] + · + And + that + with + +

-

speed.’ The addition of the indefinite pronoun, as in ἀνύσας τι (‘with some- thing of baste ), has an effect of peremp- toriness. - 856. τὸ νῦν] By hypallage for τῆς νοῦν, giving a lighter rhythm. 857. mpooevua is introduced by an expansion similar to that in Aesch. Prom. o1, καὶ τὸν πανόπτην κύκλον ἡλίου karG,—and then becomes the governing word. 858. κοὔποτ’ ais] Sc. προσαυδήσω. Cp. Ant. 808, 9, véarov δὲ φέγγος λεύσ- σόυσαν ἀελίου κοὔποτ’ αὖθις. 859. ὦ φέγγο51 He passionately re- sumes his invocation (856-8). and as his heart goes forth with the universal sunlight, he again (as in 846) fixes his thoughts on home. 860. πατρῷον ἑστίας βάθρον] ‘ Hearth-stone of my sire.’ See Essay on L. § 42. p. 80 7. 861. khewai] Cp. supr. 506, and note. The glory of Athens, like that of Salamis, is anticipated. τὸ σύντροφον yéves] ‘And ye, her race. among whom I was brought up.’ These words, in which Ajax adopts the Athenians as brethren of the Aeacidae,

-

are well calculated to move the Athe- nian audience. 862 foll. After bidding farewell to Salamis and Athens, he is retuming to his purpose, when his eye falls on the fresh waters in which he has lately bathed (supr. 654); and they remind him of his Trojan environment of the last ten years. To this also he bids an affectionate farewell. 864. The repetition of his own name by Ajax here is significant. Still con- scious of his greatness, he imagines all Nature as moved at his departure. 865 foll. Ajax having fallen upon his sword at the back of the proscenium, and the orchestra as well as the stage being otherwise vacant, the Chorus re- enter by the two side doors, the first ἡμιχορίον coming in on the spectator’s Ieft, as if from the east. Before the open- ing of the strophe, infr. 879, they have taken up their position in the orchestra. 866. ‘Toil upon toil brings only toil.’ The dative here is partly governed by the verb. Cp. Eur. Hel. 195, δάκρυα δάκρυσί μοι φέρων. But in Eur. Phoen. 1496, φόνῳ φόνος, by an extension of the idiom, φόνῳ is simply= ἐπὶ φόνῳ.

+

+ ΑΙΑΣ. + 79 + +

+

+ ὦ + Odvare + Odvare, + νῦν + μ’ + ἐπίσκεψαι + μολών· + +

+

+ 2 + ’ + 5 + ’ + +

+

+ [τ1 + a. + +

+

+ καίτοι + σὲ + μὲν + κἀκεῖ + προσαυδήσω + ξυνών. + +

+

+ z + X + 8 + 2 + +

+

+ 355 + +

+

+ σὲ + δ’, + ὦ + φαεννῆς + ἡμέρας + τὸ + νῦν + σέλας, + +

+

+ 8 + * + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + +

+

+ καὶ + τὸν + διφρευτὴν + Ἥλιον + προσεννέπω + +

+

+ πανύστατον + δὴ + κοὔποτ’ + αὖθις + ὕστερον. + +

+

+ ὦ + φέγγος, + ὦ + γῆς + ἱερὸν + οἰκείας + πέδον + +

+

+ Σαλαμῖνος, + ὦ + πατρῷον + ἑστίας + Bdbpor, + +

+

+ 2 + 2 + 2 + 3 + z + z + +

+

+ 860 + +

+

+ κλειναί + 7 + Ἀθῆναι, + kal + τὸ + σύντροφον + γένος, + +

+

+ 0 + 2 + +

+

+ κρῆναί + τε + ποταμοί + θ’ + οἵδε, + καὶ + τὰ + Τρωϊκὰ + +

+

+ πεδία + προσαυδῶ, + χαίρετ’, + ὦ + τροφῆς + ἐμοί· + +

+

+ ’ + ~ + 5 + 1 + 7 + 2 + 2 + z + +

+

+ τοῦθ’ + ὑμὶν + Alas + τοὔπος + Gorarov + θροεῖ, + +

+

+ 0 + ~ + +

+

+ τὰ + δ’ + ἄλλ’ + ἐν + Ἅιδου + τοῖς + κάτω + μυθήσομαι. + +

+

+ 865 + +

+

+ HMIXOPION. + +

+

+ Ζ + Ζ + z + 2 + +

+

+ πόνος + πονῳ + πονον + φέρει, + +

+

+ 858. + κοὔποτ’] + καὶ + οὔποτ’ + L. + κοὔποτ’ + A. + +

+

+ 860. + σαλαμῖνος + LA. + σαλαμῖνοσ + Co. + +

+

+ πατρῷον] + rarpas + LV. + +

+

+ πατρῷον + Vat. + ac. + +

+

+ 863. + χαίρετ’] + χαίρεθ’ + L. + xalper’ + +

+

+ Vat.ac. + τροφῆς] + τροφεῖς + LA. + +

+

+ 865. + ἄλλ’] + ἄλλα + L. + τὰ + ANA. + +

+ Commentary +

+ speed.’ + The + addition + of + the + indefinite + + pronoun, + as + in + ἀνύσας + τι + (‘with + some- + + thing + of + baste + ), + has + an + effect + of + peremp- + + toriness. + - + + 856. + τὸ + νῦν] + By + hypallage + for + τῆς + + νοῦν, + giving + a + lighter + rhythm. + + 857. + mpooevua + is + introduced + by + an + + expansion + similar + to + that + in + Aesch. + + Prom. + o1, + καὶ + τὸν + πανόπτην + κύκλον + ἡλίου + + karG,—and + then + becomes + the + governing + + word. + + 858. + κοὔποτ’ + ais] + Sc. + προσαυδήσω. + + Cp. + Ant. + 808, + 9, + véarov + δὲ + φέγγος + λεύσ- + + σόυσαν + ἀελίου + κοὔποτ’ + αὖθις. + + 859. + ὦ + φέγγο51 + He + passionately + re- + + sumes + his + invocation + (856-8). + and + as + + his + heart + goes + forth + with + the + universal + + sunlight, + he + again + (as + in + 846) + fixes + his + + thoughts + on + home. + + 860. + πατρῷον + ἑστίας + βάθρον] + + ‘ + Hearth-stone + of + my + sire.’ + See + Essay + + on + L. + § + 42. + p. + 80 + 7. + + 861. + khewai] + Cp. + supr. + 506, + and + + note. + The + glory + of + Athens, + like + that + + of + Salamis, + is + anticipated. + + τὸ + σύντροφον + yéves] + ‘And + ye, + her + + race. + among + whom + I + was + brought + up.’ + + These + words, + in + which + Ajax + adopts + the + + Athenians + as + brethren + of + the + Aeacidae, + +

+ Commentary +

+ are + well + calculated + to + move + the + Athe- + + nian + audience. + + 862 + foll. + After + bidding + farewell + to + + Salamis + and + Athens, + he + is + retuming + to + + his + purpose, + when + his + eye + falls + on + the + + fresh + waters + in + which + he + has + lately + + bathed + (supr. + 654); + and + they + remind + + him + of + his + Trojan + environment + of + the + + last + ten + years. + To + this + also + he + bids + an + + affectionate + farewell. + + 864. + The + repetition + of + his + own + name + + by + Ajax + here + is + significant. + Still + con- + + scious + of + his + greatness, + he + imagines + all + + Nature + as + moved + at + his + departure. + + 865 + foll. + Ajax + having + fallen + upon + his + + sword + at + the + back + of + the + proscenium, + + and + the + orchestra + as + well + as + the + stage + + being + otherwise + vacant, + the + Chorus + re- + + enter + by + the + two + side + doors, + the + first + + ἡμιχορίον + coming + in + on + the + spectator’s + + Ieft, + as + if + from + the + east. + Before + the + open- + + ing + of + the + strophe, + infr. + 879, + they + have + + taken + up + their + position + in + the + orchestra. + + 866. + ‘Toil + upon + toil + brings + only + + toil.’ + The + dative + here + is + partly + governed + + by + the + verb. + Cp. + Eur. + Hel. + 195, + δάκρυα + + δάκρυσί + μοι + φέρων. + But + in + Eur. + Phoen. + + 1496, + φόνῳ + φόνος, + by + an + extension + of + the + + idiom, + φόνῳ + is + simply= + ἐπὶ + φόνῳ. + +

-

πᾶ πᾶ πᾶ γὰρ οὐκ ἔβαν ἐγώ; 7. z κοὐδεὶς ἐφίσταταί ue συμμαθεῖν τόπος. ἰδού, — 7 , r δοῦπον αὖ Κλύω τινά. = 2 HM. ἡμῶν ye, vads κοινόπλουν ὁμιλίαν. τί οὖν δή; ΗΜ. HM. πᾶν ἐστίβηται πλευρὸν ἕσπερον νεῶν. ἔχεις οὖν; HM. HM. πόνου ye πλῆθος, κοὐδὲν εἰς ὄψιν πλέον. HM. ἀλλ’ οὐδὲ μὲν δὴ τὴν ἀφ’ ἡλίου βολῶν κέλευθον ἁνὴρ οὐδαμοῦ δηλοῖ φανείς.

-

369. xploraral) ἐπίσταται MSS. 867. 8. πᾶ πᾶ πᾶ] παῖ παῖ παῖ LA. 877. οὐδὲ μὲν δή] δὴ om. A. pr. δὴΤ. 874. πλευρόν] πλευρὰν L. πλευρὸν C. ων 878. ἁνήρ] ἀνὴρ βολῶν] βολῆσ 1. βολῶν Α. μολῶν Τ. οὐδ’ ἐμοὶ δὴ Pal. LA. οὐδαμοῦ ἁνὴρ V.

-

869. ‘And no spot arrests me that I may share its secret.’ Although the causative sense of the middle voice of ἐφίστημι is usually confined to the first aorist, this is not the case with other compounds of ἵστημι, e. g. καθίσταμαι; and in Trach. 339, 706 ue τήνδ’ ἐφίστασαι βάσιν, the active or causative meaning is the most natural. See L. and S. s. v. ἐφίστημι,σ. dorauai occurs with active meaning only in Plat. Tim. 63 C. γεώδη γένη διϊστάμενοι. The force of the mid- dle voice comes out if we complete the expression, ἐφίσταταί με συμμαθεῖν ἑαυτῷ. ἐπίσταταί pe συμμαθεῖν can only mean is aware that I know what it knows.’ 870. ἴδου] Cp. ElL 1470, ἰδοὺ μάλ’ αὖ θροεῖ xis. 872. Either (1) with a comma after γε, as in the text, ‘ You hear our sound, your mates of the same ship’s crew :’ ἡμῶν governed by δοῦπον, and ὁμιλίαν (abstract for concrete) being placed in 1ax apposition with the preceding words. Or (2) with no stop, supplying κλύεις, Vkat you hear is our company, your mates of the same ship’s crew.’ 874. ‘The coast to westward of the ships hath all been trodden.’ πλευρόν, lit. ‘the rib,’ and hence figuratively the curve, or halfarc, on one side of the bay. veav, not with πλευρόν, but with ἕσπερον, as a genitive of local relation.

-

877. ἀφ’ ἡλίου βολῶν] ‘Towards the sunrise;’ according to the Greek idiom by which the point of sight is taken as a point of departure. Cp. Hadt. 1. 84, πρὸς τοῦ Ἡμώλου τετραμ- μένον, and see L. and S. s. v. πρόει, A. ILa. 878. κέλευθον is accusative of the sphere of motion,—Essay on L § 16. p. 23 c,—some such word as ἰοῦσιν being suggested by the context. δηλοῖ] Sc. τὸ ἐρευνώμενον. ‘Reveals the hidden truth by being found.’ LIL 866-878, which are recited before the Chorus have taken their places, are not antistrophic (866 u Lu-uUtu- iamb. dim., 867 44, 868 Ltu-UA troch. dim. cat., 870, 1 u | LU- DS iambus troch. dim. cat. 873. 5 ). 878-914. 925-960, are an- tistrophic according to the following scheme :— — a. 2—— —6— ’ | c F- — — z r vu -uvuu -L- ’ Lou-0U u1 — 31— — — — — 2 ’ " — B-

+

+ πᾶ + πᾶ + + πᾶ + γὰρ + οὐκ + ἔβαν + ἐγώ; + + 7. + z + + κοὐδεὶς + ἐφίσταταί + ue + συμμαθεῖν + τόπος. + + ἰδού, + + — + 7 + , + r + + δοῦπον + αὖ + Κλύω + τινά. + + = + 2 + + HM. + ἡμῶν + ye, + vads + κοινόπλουν + ὁμιλίαν. + + τί + οὖν + δή; + + ΗΜ. + + HM. + πᾶν + ἐστίβηται + πλευρὸν + ἕσπερον + νεῶν. + + ἔχεις + οὖν; + + HM. + + HM. + πόνου + ye + πλῆθος, + κοὐδὲν + εἰς + ὄψιν + πλέον. + + HM. + ἀλλ’ + οὐδὲ + μὲν + δὴ + τὴν + ἀφ’ + ἡλίου + βολῶν + + κέλευθον + ἁνὴρ + οὐδαμοῦ + δηλοῖ + φανείς. + +

+ Critical Apparatus +

+ 369. + xploraral) + ἐπίσταται + MSS. + + 867. + 8. + πᾶ + πᾶ + πᾶ] + παῖ + παῖ + παῖ + LA. + + 877. + οὐδὲ + μὲν + δή] + δὴ + om. + A. + pr. + δὴΤ. + + 874. + πλευρόν] + πλευρὰν + L. + πλευρὸν + C. + + ων + + 878. + ἁνήρ] + ἀνὴρ + + βολῶν] + βολῆσ + 1. + βολῶν + Α. + μολῶν + Τ. + + οὐδ’ + ἐμοὶ + δὴ + Pal. + + LA. + οὐδαμοῦ + ἁνὴρ + V. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 869. + ‘And + no + spot + arrests + me + that + + I + may + share + its + secret.’ + Although + the + + causative + sense + of + the + middle + voice + of + + ἐφίστημι + is + usually + confined + to + the + first + + aorist, + this + is + not + the + case + with + other + + compounds + of + ἵστημι, + e. + g. + καθίσταμαι; + + and + in + Trach. + 339, + 706 + ue + τήνδ’ + ἐφίστασαι + + βάσιν, + the + active + or + causative + meaning + + is + the + most + natural. + See + L. + and + S. + s. + v. + + ἐφίστημι,σ. + dorauai + occurs + with + active + + meaning + only + in + Plat. + Tim. + 63 + C. + γεώδη + + γένη + διϊστάμενοι. + The + force + of + the + mid- + + dle + voice + comes + out + if + we + complete + the + + expression, + ἐφίσταταί + με + συμμαθεῖν + ἑαυτῷ. + + ἐπίσταταί + pe + συμμαθεῖν + can + only + mean + + is + aware + that + I + know + what + it + knows.’ + + 870. + ἴδου] + Cp. + ElL + 1470, + ἰδοὺ + μάλ’ + + αὖ + θροεῖ + xis. + + 872. + Either + (1) + with + a + comma + after + + γε, + as + in + the + text, + ‘ + You + hear + our + sound, + + your + mates + of + the + same + ship’s + crew + :’ + + ἡμῶν + governed + by + δοῦπον, + and + ὁμιλίαν + + (abstract + for + concrete) + being + placed + in + + 1ax + apposition + with + the + preceding + words. + + Or + (2) + with + no + stop, + supplying + κλύεις, + + Vkat + you + hear + is + our + company, + your + + mates + of + the + same + ship’s + crew.’ + + 874. + ‘The + coast + to + westward + of + the + + ships + hath + all + been + trodden.’ + πλευρόν, + + lit. + ‘the + rib,’ + and + hence + figuratively + the + + curve, + or + halfarc, + on + one + side + of + the + + bay. + veav, + not + with + πλευρόν, + but + with + + ἕσπερον, + as + a + genitive + of + local + relation. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 877. + ἀφ’ + ἡλίου + βολῶν] + ‘Towards + + the + sunrise;’ + according + to + the + Greek + + idiom + by + which + the + point + of + sight + is + + taken + as + a + point + of + departure. + Cp. + + Hadt. + 1. + 84, + πρὸς + τοῦ + Ἡμώλου + τετραμ- + + μένον, + and + see + L. + and + S. + s. + v. + πρόει, + + A. + ILa. + + 878. + κέλευθον + is + accusative + of + the + + sphere + of + motion,—Essay + on + L + § + 16. + + p. + 23 + c,—some + such + word + as + ἰοῦσιν + being + + suggested + by + the + context. + + δηλοῖ] + Sc. + τὸ + ἐρευνώμενον. + ‘Reveals + + the + hidden + truth + by + being + found.’ + LIL + + 866-878, + which + are + recited + before + the + + Chorus + have + taken + their + places, + are + + not + antistrophic + (866 + u + Lu-uUtu- + + iamb. + dim., + 867 + 44, + 868 + Ltu-UA + + troch. + dim. + cat., + 870, + 1 + u + | + LU- + + DS + iambus + troch. + dim. + cat. + 873. + 5 + + ). + 878-914. + 925-960, + are + an- + + tistrophic + according + to + the + following + + scheme + :— + + — + + a. + 2—— + —6— + + ’ + + | + c + F- + — + — + + z + r + + vu + -uvuu + -L- + + ’ + + Lou-0U + u1 + — + + 31— + — + — + — + — + + 2 + + ’ + " + + — + B- + +

-

o-v- - Lou-- — — ’ ’ ———2—— b. (891 ff.2937 ff.) — — — 2Luo-v-T u- —— * ’ [227272777272 —— ——2——2— -tu-Hu-gcu- ES Iic -L2-c - σ. (900 ff. Z 946 ff.) (LL--- —— — —— —— 2— ——— ’ u —— 2—8— ’ 2— — — ñ 5 2 r — ——2—84* 1 ’ —— ——86—2— d. (910 ff. Z 954 ff.) —2— — 2— 2 —— — — ——2— —— ’ 1 E 5

-

879. The correction of δή to *ra is necessary for the (dochmiac) metre. τίς Gv dv Ti5; Cp. O. C. 1100, ris ἂν θεῶν . δοίη; 880. ἔχων] ‘Employedin.’ Cp. supr. 564, δυσμενῶν θήραν ἔχων. Nymphs 881. Ὀλυμπιάδων θεᾶν] of (the Mysian) ‘Olympus.’ 885. Βοσπορίων ποταμῶν] ‘What flowing current of the Hellespont?’ Cp. supr. 412, and note. The Helles-

-

pont with its various currents might be imagined as tenanted by many river- gods. ἴδρις, which follows these words in most MSS., but not in Mosq. ab., has nothing to correspond to it in the anti- strophe, and is unnecessary to the sense. τοὸν ὠμόθυμον] Cp. supr. 205, and note. 886. εἴ ποθι . . λεύσσων] ie. λεύσσων, εἴ ποθι λεύσσοι, See Essay on L. § 28. p. 47. 3; and cp. Thuc. 1. 14. § 4,

+

+ ΑΙΑΣ. + 81 + +

+

+ XO. + ocre. + τίς + ἂν + Xd + μοι, + τίς + ἂν + φιλοπόνων + +

+

+ ἁλιαδᾶν + ἔχων + ἀΐπνους + dypas, + 880 + +

+

+ ἢ + τίς + Ὀλυμπιάδων + θεᾶν, + ἢ + ῥυτῶν + +

+

+ βοσπορίων + ποταμῶν", + τὸν + ὠμόθυμον + 885 + +

+

+ 5 + εἴ + ποθι + πλαζόμενον + λεύσσων + +

+

+ » + +

+

+ 879. + *δῆτά + μοι] + δή + μοι + MSS. + +

+

+ Herm. + corr. + 880. + ἄγρας] + γρ. + ἕδρας + CAM. + +

+

+ 885. + τοταμῶν] + ποταμῶν. + +

+

+ . + ἴδρισ + L. + (τῶν + ἑλλησποντίων + gl. + Cmg) + ποταμῶν + ἵδρις + most + +

+

+ MSS. + +

+

+ 886. + λεύσσαν] + Χεύσων + L. + λεύσσων + A. + +

+ Commentary +

+ o-v- + - + + Lou-- + + — + — + + ’ + ’ + + ———2—— + + b. + (891 + ff.2937 + ff.) + — + — + — + + 2Luo-v-T + u- + + —— + + * + ’ + + [227272777272 + + —— + ——2——2— + + -tu-Hu-gcu- + + ES + + Iic + + -L2-c + - + + σ. + (900 + ff. + Z + 946 + ff.) + (LL--- + + —— + — + —— + + —— + + 2— + + ——— + + ’ + u + + —— + 2—8— + + ’ + + 2— + — + — + + ñ + 5 + + 2 + r + + — + ——2—84* + + 1 + ’ + + —— + ——86—2— + + d. + (910 + ff. + Z + 954 + ff.) + —2— + — + 2— + + 2 + + —— + — + — + + ——2— + + —— + + ’ + 1 + + E + + 5 + +

+ Commentary +

+ 879. + The + correction + of + δή + to + *ra + + is + necessary + for + the + (dochmiac) + metre. + + τίς + Gv + dv + Ti5; + Cp. + O. + C. + 1100, + + ris + ἂν + θεῶν + . + δοίη; + + 880. + ἔχων] + ‘Employedin.’ + Cp. + supr. + + 564, + δυσμενῶν + θήραν + ἔχων. + + Nymphs + + 881. + Ὀλυμπιάδων + θεᾶν] + + of + (the + Mysian) + ‘Olympus.’ + + 885. + Βοσπορίων + ποταμῶν] + ‘What + + flowing + current + of + the + Hellespont?’ + + Cp. + supr. + 412, + and + note. + The + Helles- + +

+ Commentary +

+ pont + with + its + various + currents + might + be + + imagined + as + tenanted + by + many + river- + + gods. + ἴδρις, + which + follows + these + words + + in + most + MSS., + but + not + in + Mosq. + ab., + has + + nothing + to + correspond + to + it + in + the + anti- + + strophe, + and + is + unnecessary + to + the + sense. + + τοὸν + ὠμόθυμον] + Cp. + supr. + 205, + and + + note. + + 886. + εἴ + ποθι + . + . + λεύσσων] + ie. + λεύσσων, + + εἴ + ποθι + λεύσσοι, + See + Essay + on + L. + § + 28. + + p. + 47. + 3; + and + cp. + Thuc. + 1. + 14. + § + 4, + +

+

+ yoL. + II. + +

+

+ G + +

-

Αἰγινῆται γὰρ καὶ Ἀθηναῖοι, καὶ εἴ τινες ἄλλοι, βραχέα ἐκέκτηντο : ib. 17. § 1, ἐπράχθη 1 ἀπ’ αὐτῶν οὐδὲν ἔργον ἀξιό- λογόν, εἰ μὴ εἴ τι πρὸς περιοίκους Τοὺς ἑαύτῶν ἑκάστοις, 887. σχέτλια] For the plural use, cp. El 230, τάδε vdp ἄλυτα κεκλήσεται. 888. τὸν .. πόνων] ‘In this my long- continued wandering toil.’ 889. :Should not arrive with fav- ourable speed.’ πελάσαι, 5c. τῷ ζη- τουμένῳ. 890. ‘But mine eye should fail to find where he is, the vanished one.’ Although the ordinary sense of duevv6s, ‘without force’ (ἀ-μένος), is sufficient here (cp. especially, Hom. H. Ven. 18c-o1, μή με ζῶντ’ ἀμενηνὸν ἐν ἀνθρώποῖσιν ἐάσῃς] vatew, ἄλλ’ ἐλέαιρ’· ἐπεὶ οὐ βιοθάλμιος ἀνὴρ γίγνεται, ὅστε, κοιτ.λ.), the context suggests the further association of ‘ a vanished life,’ as if from 4, μένω. See Essay on L. § 54. p. 100 c. 891. During the strophe, Tecmessa has entered unperceived at the back of the stage, and, still in shadow, raises a sudden cry. The Chorus do not at once see her.

-

894. The word νύμφη is chosen, as less definite than auap or ἄκοιτις, to denote the position of Tecmessa. 895. oikT .. συγκεκραμένην]·ιεερεα in the sorrow of that cry.’ The look of Tecmessa convinces the Chorus that her whole being is fused in the sorrow which the cry conveyed. For the phy- sical image, see Essay on L. § 56. p. i02: and cp. especially Ant. 1311, δειλαίᾳ . . συγκέκραμαι δύᾳ. τῷδε reſers to ἰώ μοί μοι. 896. οἴχωκ’, ὄλωλα] The perfect gives a more absolute sense of completeness than oixouai would give. διαπεπόρθημαι] For this image, which sums up Tecmessa’s experience of calamity, cp. Aesch. Cho. 691, κατ’ ἄκρας εἶπας ὡς πορθούμεθα. 899. :Lies heaped about his hidden sword.’ The sword-point (infr. 1025) liſts the garment of Ajax to an apex from which the folds descend. At 906 she has raised the edge of the garment, and is gazing at the mangled form be- neath it. At o15, by a revulsion of feeling. she draws it (or perbaps her own veil) over him so as to cover him

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+ ἀλλ’ + ἀμενηνὸν + ἄνδρα + μὴ + λεύσσειν + ὅπου, + +

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+ Τέκμησσαν, + οἴκτῳ + τῷδε + συγκεκραμένην. + +

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+ Αἰγινῆται + γὰρ + καὶ + Ἀθηναῖοι, + καὶ + εἴ + τινες + + ἄλλοι, + βραχέα + ἐκέκτηντο + : + ib. + 17. + § + 1, + + ἐπράχθη + 1 + ἀπ’ + αὐτῶν + οὐδὲν + ἔργον + ἀξιό- + + λογόν, + εἰ + μὴ + εἴ + τι + πρὸς + περιοίκους + Τοὺς + + ἑαύτῶν + ἑκάστοις, + + 887. + σχέτλια] + For + the + plural + use, + cp. + + El + 230, + τάδε + vdp + ἄλυτα + κεκλήσεται. + + 888. + τὸν + .. + πόνων] + ‘In + this + my + long- + + continued + wandering + toil.’ + + 889. + :Should + not + arrive + with + fav- + + ourable + speed.’ + πελάσαι, + 5c. + τῷ + ζη- + + τουμένῳ. + + 890. + ‘But + mine + eye + should + fail + to + find + + where + he + is, + the + vanished + one.’ + Although + + the + ordinary + sense + of + duevv6s, + ‘without + + force’ + (ἀ-μένος), + is + sufficient + here + (cp. + + especially, + Hom. + H. + Ven. + 18c-o1, + μή + με + + ζῶντ’ + ἀμενηνὸν + ἐν + ἀνθρώποῖσιν + ἐάσῃς] + + vatew, + ἄλλ’ + ἐλέαιρ’· + ἐπεὶ + οὐ + βιοθάλμιος + + ἀνὴρ + γίγνεται, + ὅστε, + κοιτ.λ.), + the + context + + suggests + the + further + association + of + ‘ + a + + vanished + life,’ + as + if + from + 4, + μένω. + See + + Essay + on + L. + § + 54. + p. + 100 + c. + + 891. + During + the + strophe, + Tecmessa + + has + entered + unperceived + at + the + back + of + + the + stage, + and, + still + in + shadow, + raises + + a + sudden + cry. + The + Chorus + do + not + at + + once + see + her. + +

+ Commentary +

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-

more completely than before. The point of the sword is hidden by the garment, the blade in the body. the hilt in the ground. For the language, cp. Pind. Nem. 8. 40, ketvos kal TeAauawos δάψεν υἱὸν φασγάνῳ aupoas. 900. The first thought of the Chorus is for themselves. 905. As the passage is antistrophic, and the corresponding 1. 951 is free from suspicion. mpate in ihe MS. lext of this line has probably taken the place of an equivalent word. See v. rr. Nothing better than pte has been sug- gested. 906, 7. ἐν ydp . κατηγορεῖ ‘For this sword which he has fixed in the ground, and over which he is fallen, witnesses against him. Another would not so have slain him. ot is to be taken with πηκτόν and περιπετές, and suggests the object (αὐτοῦ) of κατηγορεῖ. περιπετές is used passively. Essay on L §53. p.9o , 910. dpe uds dras) ‘Woe for me,

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luckless one1’ ἄτη is here a calamity involving blame, as appears from the words 6 adva κωφός, 6 πάντ’ ἀϊδρις in what follows. ἄφρακτος φίλων] ‘Without friend to shield thee.’ Essay on L. 5 10. p. 16 I. 911. πάντα is here used adverbially with a merely intensive ſorce, as rv in compounds, Essay on L. § 55. p. 101, 6. 913. δυστράπελο5] ‘Unmanageable,’ Cp. supr. 609, δυσθεράπευτος; 594. 5. μῶρά μοι δοκεῖς φρονεῖν, | εἰ τοὐμὸν ἦθος ἄρτι παιδεύειν νοεῖς. 914. δυσώνυμο51 Of 11- omened name.’ The Chorus were present when Ajax, supr. 430, "played nicely with his name.’ 915. Tecmessa has been gazing be- neath the mantle, but, as some of the Chorus draw nearer, she covers the body out of sight. GepUxe] ‘'Covering.’ Observe the repetition of the word used, supr. 899, in a difſerent connection. 916. φάρει] Probably the mantle of

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+ du0 + ἐμᾶς + dras, + olos + dp’ + αἱμάχθης, + dppaxros + φίλων· + 910 + +

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+ 905. + ἔρξε] + Eapate + MSS. + (cmpate + V). + Herm. + corr. + +

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+ 912. + πᾶ + πᾶ] + παῖ + πᾶ + L. + +

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+ νυμος + LALM? + Vat. + ac + Ῥαϊ. + c. + gl. + (διὰ + 7 + σημαινόμενον + τοῦ + ὀνόματος). + +

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+ Commentary +

+ more + completely + than + before. + The + + point + of + the + sword + is + hidden + by + the + + garment, + the + blade + in + the + body. + the + hilt + + in + the + ground. + For + the + language, + cp. + + ketvos + kal + TeAauawos + + δάψεν + υἱὸν + φασγάνῳ + aupoas. + + 900. + The + first + thought + of + the + Chorus + is + + for + themselves. + + 905. + As + the + passage + is + antistrophic, + + and + the + corresponding + 1. + 951 + is + free + + from + suspicion. + mpate + in + ihe + MS. + lext + + of + this + line + has + probably + taken + the + + place + of + an + equivalent + word. + See + v. + rr. + + Nothing + better + than + pte + has + been + sug- + + gested. + + 906, + 7. + ἐν + ydp + . + κατηγορεῖ + ‘For + + this + sword + which + he + has + fixed + in + the + + ground, + and + over + which + he + is + fallen, + + witnesses + against + him. + Another + would + + not + so + have + slain + him. + ot + is + to + be + + taken + with + πηκτόν + and + περιπετές, + and + + suggests + the + object + (αὐτοῦ) + of + κατηγορεῖ. + + περιπετές + is + used + passively. + Essay + on + + L + §53. + p.9o + , + + 910. + dpe + uds + dras) + ‘Woe + for + me, + +

+ Commentary +

+ luckless + one1’ + ἄτη + is + here + a + calamity + + involving + blame, + as + appears + from + the + + words + 6 + adva + κωφός, + 6 + πάντ’ + ἀϊδρις + in + + what + follows. + + ἄφρακτος + φίλων] + ‘Without + friend + to + + shield + thee.’ + Essay + on + L. + 5 + 10. + p. + 16 + I. + + 911. + πάντα + is + here + used + adverbially + + with + a + merely + intensive + ſorce, + as + rv + in + + compounds, + Essay + on + L. + § + 55. + p. + 101, + 6. + + 913. + δυστράπελο5] + ‘Unmanageable,’ + + Cp. + supr. + 609, + δυσθεράπευτος; + 594. + 5. + + μῶρά + μοι + δοκεῖς + φρονεῖν, + | + εἰ + τοὐμὸν + ἦθος + + ἄρτι + παιδεύειν + νοεῖς. + + 914. + δυσώνυμο51 + Of + 11- + omened + + name.’ + The + Chorus + were + present + when + + Ajax, + supr. + 430, + "played + nicely + with + + his + name.’ + + 915. + Tecmessa + has + been + gazing + be- + + neath + the + mantle, + but, + as + some + of + the + + Chorus + draw + nearer, + she + covers + the + + body + out + of + sight. + + GepUxe] + ‘'Covering.’ + Observe + + the + repetition + of + the + word + used, + supr. + + 899, + in + a + difſerent + connection. + + 916. + φάρει] + Probably + the + mantle + of + +

+

+ G + 2 + +

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Ajax; possibly some garment from Tecmessa’s own person. See Aesch. Fr. 212. The companions of Achilles, in Il. 18. 352, cover the dead body of Patro- clus: ἑανῷ λιτὶ κάλυψαν | bs πόδας ἐκ κεφαλῆς· Καθύπερθε δὲ φάρεϊ λευκῷ. 917. οὐδεὶς . . ὅστις kal φίλο5] ‘No one who loved him.’ ral marks the stress on φίλος. An enemy or indif- ferent person might bear to see him, but a friend could not. So Musgrave, Qui saltem amicus fuerit. Libentius quippe talia inimicus, quam amicus aspiceret.’ Lobeck and the Scholiast give a different force to xai, as if it meant, ‘not even a friend, far less a stranger.’ But this is less in accord- ance with the use of kat in relative clauses, and also with the feeling of antiquity. 918, 19. ἔκ τε φοινίας πληγῆς] Sc. φυσῶντα the breath being supposed to issue with the blood from the wound. Cp. infr. 1411, 2. μελανθὲν αἷμα] Cp. infr. 1412, 3, μέλαν | uvos. 910. οἰκείας cpayfs] ‘His own self- inflicted death-wound." For this use of οἰκεῖος, cp. El. 215, οἰκείας εἰς d7as, supr. 260, οἰκεῖα πάθη. 920. τίς σε βαστάσει φίλων] The huge form of Ajax lying disordered wouldneed a powerful handto straighten it. Even Teucer needs help, infr. I. 1409-11. Tecmessa shrinks from ask-

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ing the Chorus to perform this duty, which, however willing, they would do awkwardly; and for such sacred service a nearer and more equal friend is re- quired. 921. ὡς ἀκμαῖος, εἰ βαίη, μόλοι] ‘How timely were his coming, if he came.’ The optative without ἄν is doubted, but is less harsh coming im- mediately after another optative; and see Essay on L. § 36. p. 62 b (1). Some have supposed a confusion of the ex- pression of a wish with the potential optative. ‘Might he but come! How timelyl’ But this is hardly in the Greek. 922. συγκαθαρμόσαι] This com- pound occurs only here. 925 foll. Ajax is imagined to have brooded over his injuries for days before his final outbreak. Cp. supr. 194, 5. μακραίανι .. σχολᾷ. The Chorus now think that the symptoms he then showed ought to have warned them of the pos- sibility of what has followed. 926, 7. ‘Thus with iron will to work out an evil doom of boundless woe.’ ὧδ’ is required for the metre, and adds point to στερεόφρων as a supplementary pre- dicate with ἐξανύσειν dpa, ‘As the event has proved.’ rota introduces the ground of the preceding inference. Essay on L. S 22. p. 35, 3. μοι is dative of the person interested, ‘ In my hearing,’ or ‘To my concern.’

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+ 927. + ἐξανύσειν] + ἐξανύσσειν + L. + +

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+ ἐξανύσειν + A. + +

+

+ — + +

+ Commentary +

+ Ajax; + possibly + some + garment + from + + Tecmessa’s + own + person. + See + Aesch. + Fr. + + 212. + The + companions + of + Achilles, + in + + cover + the + dead + body + of + Patro- + + clus: + ἑανῷ + λιτὶ + κάλυψαν + | + bs + πόδας + ἐκ + + κεφαλῆς· + Καθύπερθε + δὲ + φάρεϊ + λευκῷ. + + 917. + οὐδεὶς + . + . + ὅστις + kal + φίλο5] + ‘No + + one + who + loved + him.’ + ral + marks + the + + stress + on + φίλος. + An + enemy + or + indif- + + ferent + person + might + bear + to + see + him, + + but + a + friend + could + not. + So + Musgrave, + + Qui + saltem + amicus + fuerit. + Libentius + + quippe + talia + inimicus, + quam + amicus + + aspiceret.’ + Lobeck + and + the + Scholiast + + give + a + different + force + to + xai, + as + if + it + + meant, + ‘not + even + a + friend, + far + less + a + + stranger.’ + But + this + is + less + in + accord- + + ance + with + the + use + of + kat + in + relative + + clauses, + and + also + with + the + feeling + of + + antiquity. + + 918, + 19. + ἔκ + τε + φοινίας + πληγῆς] + Sc. + + φυσῶντα + the + breath + being + supposed + to + + issue + with + the + blood + from + the + wound. + + Cp. + infr. + 1411, + 2. + + μελανθὲν + αἷμα] + Cp. + infr. + 1412, + 3, + + μέλαν + | + uvos. + + 910. + οἰκείας + cpayfs] + ‘His + own + self- + + inflicted + death-wound." + For + this + use + of + + οἰκεῖος, + cp. + οἰκείας + εἰς + d7as, + supr. + + 260, + οἰκεῖα + πάθη. + + 920. + τίς + σε + βαστάσει + φίλων] + The + + huge + form + of + Ajax + lying + disordered + + wouldneed + a + powerful + handto + straighten + + it. + Even + Teucer + needs + help, + infr. + I. + + 1409-11. + Tecmessa + shrinks + from + ask- + +

+ Commentary +

+ ing + the + Chorus + to + perform + this + duty, + + which, + however + willing, + they + would + do + + awkwardly; + and + for + such + sacred + service + + a + nearer + and + more + equal + friend + is + re- + + quired. + + 921. + ὡς + ἀκμαῖος, + εἰ + βαίη, + μόλοι] + + ‘How + timely + were + his + coming, + if + he + + came.’ + The + optative + without + ἄν + is + + doubted, + but + is + less + harsh + coming + im- + + mediately + after + another + optative; + and + + see + Essay + on + L. + § + 36. + p. + 62 + b + (1). + Some + + have + supposed + a + confusion + of + the + ex- + + pression + of + a + wish + with + the + potential + + optative. + ‘Might + he + but + come! + How + + timelyl’ + But + this + is + hardly + in + the + + Greek. + + 922. + συγκαθαρμόσαι] + This + com- + + pound + occurs + only + here. + + 925 + foll. + Ajax + is + imagined + to + have + + brooded + over + his + injuries + for + days + before + + his + final + outbreak. + Cp. + supr. + 194, + 5. + + μακραίανι + .. + σχολᾷ. + The + Chorus + now + + think + that + the + symptoms + he + then + showed + + ought + to + have + warned + them + of + the + pos- + + sibility + of + what + has + followed. + + 926, + 7. + ‘Thus + with + iron + will + to + work + + out + an + evil + doom + of + boundless + woe.’ + ὧδ’ + + is + required + for + the + metre, + and + adds + point + + to + στερεόφρων + as + a + supplementary + pre- + + dicate + with + ἐξανύσειν + dpa, + ‘As + the + + event + has + proved.’ + rota + introduces + the + + ground + of + the + preceding + inference. + + Essay + on + L. + S + 22. + p. + 35, + 3. + μοι + is + + dative + of + the + person + interested, + ‘ + In + my + + hearing,’ + or + ‘To + my + concern.’ + +

-

z πάννυχα kal φαέθοντ’ ἀνεστέναζες 2 2 2 2 ὠμόφρων ἐχθοδόπ’ Ἀτρείδαις οὐλίῳ σὺν πάθει. 2. n_: 2 2 - 2 z μέγας ἄρ’ ἦν ἐκεῖνος ἄρχων xpbvos z 3 2 z πημάτων, fiues ἀριστόχειρ ’a 2 ; 2 A 2 —— ὅπλων ἔκειτ’ ἀγὼν πέρι, TE. ἰώ pot μοι. XO. χωρεῖ πρὸς ἧπαρ, οἶδα, γενναία δύη. TE. ἰώ μοί μοι, XO. οὐδέν σ’ ἀπιστῶ καὶ oludgai, γύναι, z 1 2 2 AQN ~ τοιοῦδ’ ἀποβλαφθεῖσαν ἀρτίως φίλου. TE. σοὶ μὲν δοκεῖν ταῦτ’ ἔστ’, ἐμοὶ δ’ dyav φρονεῖν. ΧΟ. ξυναυδῶ. TE. οἴμοι, τέκνον, πρὸς οἶἷα δουλείας ζυγὰ Χωροῦμεν, οἷοι νῷν ἐφεστᾶσι σκοποί.

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930. φαέθοντ’] φαέθοντ’ L. φαέθον | τ’ Pal. ἀνεστέναζες] ἀνεστὲν .. ec L. ἀνεστέναζες C. ἐστέναζεσ Pal. 931. ὠμόφρων] ὠμόφρον L2 Pal. VM. 933. σύν] σὺμ L. σὺν CA. 936. a dotted line in left mg. before ὅπλων L. 937, 39. 74. pou μοί] μοι μοι A. 940. οἰμῶξαι] otubtai L. oludtar A. ou 941. ἀρτίως] ἀρτίως L. ἀρτίως A. 945. ἐφεστᾶσι] ἐφεστᾶσιν L. ἐφεστᾶσι A.

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930. πάννυχα καὶ φαέθοντ] All night and in bright day.’ φαέθοντα is picturesquely substituted for πανημέρια, and the adjectives are cognate or adver- bial accusatives with dvecrvaes, of which exbodond, although still cognate, is a more direct object. 931. ubpav Withsavage thoughts,’ a supplementary predicate. The metre is doubtful here, and some MSS. have ὠμόφρον’, or aubppor (vocative sing.). 932. οὐλίῳ σὺν πάθει] ‘Under thy calamitous wrong,’ i.e. his disappoint- ment in the judgment of the arms, which has had such fatal consequences. For πάθος in this sense, cp. O. C. 1078, δεινὰ δ’ εὑροῦσαν πρὸς αὐθαίμων πάθη; and see Phil. 237, 8, πότερον, ὦ τέκνον, τὸ σὸν | πάθημ’ ἐλέγχω; G. T. 553. 4, τὸ δὲ | πάθημ’ ὁποῖον φβο παθεῖν, δίδασκέ με. 934 foll. ‘Mighty to begin sorrows was the hour when the contest for the gold-forged] arms was appointed for the hands of ihe brave.’ péyas fiv ἄρχων is nearly equivalent to μεγάλωε ἦρχεν.

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935. A choriambus = χρυσοτύπων has been lost before ὅπλων. 937 foll. After an interval of in- articulate sorrow, in which she only utters brief ejaculations, Tecmessa’s feelings take a bitter tam. and her in- dignation finds vent firstagainst the gods, 950-3. and then against the Atreidae. 961-73. Her pride in Ajax rises above all else. 938. ‘I know, a grief of ample size is piercing to thy soul.’ yewvala is not ‘genuine’ or noble,’ but ‘of great size.’ Cp. Shak. Ant. and Cleo. 4. 15. 4. ‘Our size of sorrow.’ 940. ‘I doubt thee not for wailing more than once,’ i.e. 1 am sure that the feeling equals its expression. 941. ἀποβλαφθεῖσαν] ‘Violently be- reft.’ See L. and S. s. v. βλάπτω, I. 2. 942. φρονεῖν] ‘To feel and know.’ See O. C. 1741; E. on L. § 51. p. 95. 4. Tecmessa tums from the Chorus to her child. 945. Cp. supr. 497. But for the

+

+ z + + πάννυχα + kal + φαέθοντ’ + ἀνεστέναζες + + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + + ὠμόφρων + ἐχθοδόπ’ + Ἀτρείδαις + + οὐλίῳ + σὺν + πάθει. + + 2. + n_: + 2 + 2 + - + 2 + z + + μέγας + ἄρ’ + ἦν + ἐκεῖνος + ἄρχων + xpbvos + + z + 3 + 2 + z + + πημάτων, + fiues + ἀριστόχειρ + + ’a + 2 + ; + 2 + A + 2 + + —— + ὅπλων + ἔκειτ’ + ἀγὼν + πέρι, + + TE. + ἰώ + pot + μοι. + + XO. + χωρεῖ + πρὸς + ἧπαρ, + οἶδα, + γενναία + δύη. + + TE. + ἰώ + μοί + μοι, + + XO. + οὐδέν + σ’ + ἀπιστῶ + καὶ + oludgai, + γύναι, + + z + 1 + 2 + 2 + + AQN + ~ + + τοιοῦδ’ + ἀποβλαφθεῖσαν + ἀρτίως + φίλου. + + TE. + σοὶ + μὲν + δοκεῖν + ταῦτ’ + ἔστ’, + ἐμοὶ + δ’ + dyav + φρονεῖν. + + ΧΟ. + ξυναυδῶ. + + TE. + οἴμοι, + τέκνον, + πρὸς + οἶἷα + δουλείας + ζυγὰ + + Χωροῦμεν, + οἷοι + νῷν + ἐφεστᾶσι + σκοποί. + +

+ Critical Apparatus +

+ 930. + φαέθοντ’] + φαέθοντ’ + L. + φαέθον + | + τ’ + Pal. + ἀνεστέναζες] + ἀνεστὲν + .. + ec + L. + + ἀνεστέναζες + C. + ἐστέναζεσ + Pal. + 931. + ὠμόφρων] + ὠμόφρον + L2 + Pal. + VM. + + 933. + σύν] + σὺμ + L. + σὺν + CA. + + 936. + a + dotted + line + in + left + mg. + before + ὅπλων + L. + + 937, + 39. + 74. + pou + μοί] + μοι + μοι + A. + + 940. + οἰμῶξαι] + otubtai + L. + oludtar + A. + + ou + + 941. + ἀρτίως] + ἀρτίως + L. + ἀρτίως + A. + + 945. + ἐφεστᾶσι] + ἐφεστᾶσιν + L. + ἐφεστᾶσι + A. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 930. + πάννυχα + καὶ + φαέθοντ] + All + + night + and + in + bright + day.’ + φαέθοντα + is + + picturesquely + substituted + for + πανημέρια, + + and + the + adjectives + are + cognate + or + adver- + + bial + accusatives + with + dvecrvaes, + of + + which + exbodond, + although + still + cognate, + + is + a + more + direct + object. + + 931. + ubpav + Withsavage + thoughts,’ + + a + supplementary + predicate. + The + metre + + is + doubtful + here, + and + some + MSS. + have + + ὠμόφρον’, + or + aubppor + (vocative + sing.). + + 932. + οὐλίῳ + σὺν + πάθει] + ‘Under + thy + + calamitous + wrong,’ + i.e. + his + disappoint- + + ment + in + the + judgment + of + the + arms, + which + + has + had + such + fatal + consequences. + For + + πάθος + in + this + sense, + cp. + + δεινὰ + δ’ + εὑροῦσαν + πρὸς + αὐθαίμων + πάθη; + + and + see + πότερον, + ὦ + τέκνον, + + τὸ + σὸν + | + πάθημ’ + ἐλέγχω; + τὸ + + δὲ + | + πάθημ’ + ὁποῖον + φβο + παθεῖν, + δίδασκέ + με. + + 934 + foll. + ‘Mighty + to + begin + sorrows + + was + the + hour + when + the + contest + for + the + + gold-forged] + arms + was + appointed + for + + the + hands + of + ihe + brave.’ + péyas + fiv + ἄρχων + + is + nearly + equivalent + to + μεγάλωε + ἦρχεν. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 935. + A + choriambus + = + χρυσοτύπων + has + + been + lost + before + ὅπλων. + + 937 + foll. + After + an + interval + of + in- + + articulate + sorrow, + in + which + she + only + + utters + brief + ejaculations, + Tecmessa’s + + feelings + take + a + bitter + tam. + and + her + in- + + dignation + finds + vent + firstagainst + the + gods, + + 950-3. + and + then + against + the + Atreidae. + + 961-73. + Her + pride + in + Ajax + rises + above + + all + else. + + 938. + ‘I + know, + a + grief + of + ample + size + + is + piercing + to + thy + soul.’ + yewvala + is + not + + ‘genuine’ + or + noble,’ + but + ‘of + great + + size.’ + Cp. + Shak. + Ant. + and + Cleo. + 4. + 15. + + 4. + ‘Our + size + of + sorrow.’ + + 940. + ‘I + doubt + thee + not + for + wailing + + more + than + once,’ + i.e. + 1 + am + sure + that + the + + feeling + equals + its + expression. + + 941. + ἀποβλαφθεῖσαν] + ‘Violently + be- + + reft.’ + See + L. + and + S. + s. + v. + βλάπτω, + I. + 2. + + 942. + φρονεῖν] + ‘To + feel + and + know.’ + + See + E. + on + L. + § + 51. + p. + 95. + + 4. + Tecmessa + tums + from + the + Chorus + + to + her + child. + + 945. + Cp. + supr. + 497. + But + for + the + +

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coming of Teucer and the interpesition of Odysseus, Tecmessa’s apprehensions would have been verified. οἷοι . . ckomol] What eyes are set over our life1’ For σκοπός, of one who has a right to call others to account, cp. especially Od. 22. 395, 6, ἥ re γυναικῶν | uwdaw σκοπος ἐσσι κατὰ μέγαρ’ ἡμετεράων. The Atreidae and their underlings are meant. Cp. supr. 512, ὑπ’ ὀρφανϊστῶν μὴ φίλων. 947. p0as ἄναυδον ἔργον Ἀτρει- 84v] ‘Thou givest utterance to the wordless deed of the Atreidae.’ The phrate ἄναυδον ἔργον marks the tacit exercise of absolute power, ‘the blow without the word.’ For, as Menelaus says afterwards, l. 1160, he has no rea- son Abyois κολάζειν, ᾧ βιάζεσθαι παρῇ. ἄναυδον is introduced parily for the sake of the verbal opposition to ἐθρόησας. Cp. Aesch. Eum. 935, σιγῶν . . ὄλεθρος. 949. τῷδ’ ἄχει| ‘In this cry of sor- row.’ Cp. O. C. 1722, Myyere τοῦδ’ dxovs : supr. 895, οἴκτῳ τῷδε. 951. ‘Beyond measure heavy is the burden of the grief they cause.’ ἤνυσαν, sc. of θεοί. Aor. of immediate past. 952. In identifying herself with Ajax, Tecmessa has leamt to speak scornfully of the gods. ‘But the gods are to blame for it all.’ His protection has

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indeed been more apparent in her liſe than theirs has been. Cp. supr. 490, and note. 954. κελαινώπαν Gupv] ‘In his swart soul.’ Accusative of the sphere of movement, lit. ‘throughout.’ The latter part of the compound is not dwelt upon, but suggests the θυμός as a localized entity, a sort of beast within the man, like Plato’s lion (Rep. 9. 58ð). For κελαινός, of evil passions, cp. Aesch. Eum. 459. aAAd.. vivc κελαινόφρων ἐμὴ μήτηρ κατέκτα. And for the personifi- cation of Guubs, Archil. Fr. 68, θυμέ, θύμ’ ἀμηχάνσισι κήδεσιν κυκώμενε. ἐφυ- BpiLew is not used absolutely elsewhere. It seems here to mean to ‘acquire fresh insolence.’ Cp. ἐπερρῶσθαι. πολύτλας Gvp] ‘The unflinching man’ The Homeric epithet is used with a different meaning : viz. He who sticks at nothing.’ Cp. Phil. 633, 4 ἀλλ’ ἔστ’ ἐκείνῳ mdvra λεκτά, πάντα δὲ | τολμητά. 955. τοῖσδεμαινομένοις ἄχεσιν] ‘Over this madness-caused woe.’ Dative of the cause or occasion, as is shown by κλύοντες, sc. τάδε τὰ dxea, in the fol- lowing clause. Cp. El. 1343. xalpovaw οὖν τούτοισιν ; ἢ rives λόγοι; For the condensed epithet (sc. τοῦ μαινομένου), see Essay on L. § 43. p. 81, § 35. p. 60.

+

+ 86 + +

+

+ ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

+

+ XO. + &Guoi, + ἀναλγήτων + +

+

+ δισσῶν + ἐθρόησας + dvavor + +

+

+ [12. + +

+

+ ἔργον + Ἀτρειδᾶν + +

+

+ τῷδ’ + ἄχει. + +

+

+ ἀλλ’ + ἀπείργοι + θεός. + +

+

+ ΤΕ. + +

+

+ οὐκ + dv + τάδ’ + ἔστη + τῇδε, + μὴ + θεῶν + μέτα. + +

+

+ 2 + +

+

+ 950 + +

+

+ ΧΟ. + +

+

+ dyav + ὑπερβριθὲς + ἄχθος + ἤνυσαν. + +

+

+ ΤΕ. + +

+

+ τοιόνδε + μέντοι + Ζηνὸς + ἡ + δεινὴ + θεὸς + +

+

+ Παλλὰς + φυτεύει + πῆμ’ + Ὀδυσσέως + χάριν. + +

+

+ ΧΟ. + +

+

+ 5 + ῥα + κελαινώπαν + θυμὸν + ἐφυβρίζει + πολύτλας + ἀνήρ, + 954 + +

+

+ γελᾷ + Froicbe + μαινομένοις + ἄχεσιν + +

+

+ 2 + E + - + 2 + +

+

+ πολὺν + γέλωτα, + φεῦ + φεθῦ, + +

+

+ 946. + Guo] + dpo + L. + γ0. + ἰώμοι + C2. + ὦμοι + ΑΓ. + +

+

+ 948. + τῷδ’] + τοδ’ + L. + τῶιδ’ + Ca. + +

+

+ 951. + ἀγαν]ἄγαν + δ’ + A. + Gyavy + L2 + Pal. + MP. + +

+

+ ἤνυσαν] + ἠνῦσαν + L. + ἤνυσαν + C. + +

+

+ 954- + +

+

+ ολύτλαὁ + πολύτλας + LAL + +

+

+ 955. + τοῖσδε] + τοῖς + MSS. + (τοῖσι + Tricl) + Elmsl. + corr. + +

+

+ ἄχεσιν] + ἄχεσι + L. + ἄχεσιν + ΑΤ. + +

+ Commentary +

+ coming + of + Teucer + and + the + interpesition + + of + Odysseus, + Tecmessa’s + apprehensions + + would + have + been + verified. + + οἷοι + . + . + ckomol] + What + eyes + are + set + + over + our + life1’ + For + σκοπός, + of + one + who + + has + a + right + to + call + others + to + account, + + cp. + especially + Od. + 22. + 395, + 6, + ἥ + re + + γυναικῶν + | + uwdaw + σκοπος + ἐσσι + κατὰ + + μέγαρ’ + ἡμετεράων. + The + Atreidae + and + + their + underlings + are + meant. + Cp. + supr. + + 512, + ὑπ’ + ὀρφανϊστῶν + μὴ + φίλων. + + 947. + p0as + ἄναυδον + ἔργον + Ἀτρει- + + 84v] + ‘Thou + givest + utterance + to + the + + wordless + deed + of + the + Atreidae.’ + The + + phrate + ἄναυδον + ἔργον + marks + the + tacit + + exercise + of + absolute + power, + ‘the + blow + + without + the + word.’ + For, + as + Menelaus + + says + afterwards, + l. + 1160, + he + has + no + rea- + + son + Abyois + κολάζειν, + ᾧ + βιάζεσθαι + παρῇ. + + ἄναυδον + is + introduced + parily + for + the + sake + + of + the + verbal + opposition + to + ἐθρόησας. + + Cp. + σιγῶν + . + . + ὄλεθρος. + + 949. + τῷδ’ + ἄχει| + ‘In + this + cry + of + sor- + + row.’ + Cp. + Myyere + τοῦδ’ + + dxovs + : + supr. + 895, + οἴκτῳ + τῷδε. + + 951. + ‘Beyond + measure + heavy + is + the + + burden + of + the + grief + they + cause.’ + ἤνυσαν, + + sc. + of + θεοί. + Aor. + of + immediate + past. + + 952. + In + identifying + herself + with + Ajax, + + Tecmessa + has + leamt + to + speak + scornfully + + of + the + gods. + ‘But + the + gods + are + to + + blame + for + it + all.’ + His + protection + has + +

+ Commentary +

+ indeed + been + more + apparent + in + her + liſe + + than + theirs + has + been. + Cp. + supr. + 490, + + and + note. + + 954. + κελαινώπαν + Gupv] + ‘In + his + + swart + soul.’ + Accusative + of + the + sphere + + of + movement, + lit. + ‘throughout.’ + The + + latter + part + of + the + compound + is + not + + dwelt + upon, + but + suggests + the + θυμός + as + + a + localized + entity, + a + sort + of + beast + within + + the + man, + like + Plato’s + lion + + For + κελαινός, + of + evil + passions, + cp. + + aAAd.. + vivc + κελαινόφρων + ἐμὴ + + μήτηρ + κατέκτα. + And + for + the + personifi- + + cation + of + Guubs, + Archil. + Fr. + 68, + θυμέ, + + θύμ’ + ἀμηχάνσισι + κήδεσιν + κυκώμενε. + ἐφυ- + + BpiLew + is + not + used + absolutely + elsewhere. + + It + seems + here + to + mean + to + ‘acquire + fresh + + insolence.’ + Cp. + ἐπερρῶσθαι. + + πολύτλας + Gvp] + ‘The + unflinching + + man’ + The + Homeric + epithet + is + used + + with + a + different + meaning + : + viz. + He + who + + sticks + at + nothing.’ + Cp. + + ἀλλ’ + ἔστ’ + ἐκείνῳ + mdvra + λεκτά, + πάντα + + δὲ + | + τολμητά. + + 955. + τοῖσδεμαινομένοις + ἄχεσιν] + ‘Over + + this + madness-caused + woe.’ + Dative + of + + the + cause + or + occasion, + as + is + shown + by + + κλύοντες, + sc. + τάδε + τὰ + dxea, + in + the + fol- + + lowing + clause. + Cp. + xalpovaw + + οὖν + τούτοισιν + ; + ἢ + rives + λόγοι; + For + the + + condensed + epithet + (sc. + τοῦ + μαινομένου), + + see + Essay + on + L. + § + 43. + p. + 81, + § + 35. + p. + 60. + +

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ἐύν τε διπλοῖ βασιλῆς κλύοντες Ἀτρεῖδαι. TE. of & οὖν γελώντων κἀπιχαιρόντων κακοῖς 3 2 7 2 a 29 τοῖς τοῦδ’. ἴσως τοι, kel βλέποντα μὴ’πόθουν ’, 2 θανόντ’ ἂν οἰμώξειαν ἐν Χρείᾳ δορός. 3 — οἱ yap kaxol γνώμαισι τἀγαθὸν χεροῖν . ἔχοντες οὐκ ἶσασι, πρίν τις ἐκβάλῃ. 2 ἐμοὶ πικρὸς τέθνηκεν ἢ κείνοις γλυκύς, αὐτῷ δὲ ός. ὦ ἃρ ἠράσθ 7 3 δὲ τερπνός. yàp ἠράσθη τυχεῖν 2 2 2 ἐκτήσαθ’ atnd, θάνατον ὅνπερ ἤθελεν. 2 A 2 τί δῆτα τοῦδ’ ἐπεγγελῷεν dv KdTa; θεοῖς τέθνηκεν οὗτος, οὐ κείνοισιν, οὔ. πρὸς ταῦτ’ Ὀδυσσεὺς v κενοῖς ὑβριζέτω. Αἴας yap αὐτοῖς οὐκέτ’ ἐστίν, ἀλλ’ ἐμοὶ λιπὼν ἀνίας καὶ γόους διοίχεται.

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959. βασιλῆς] βασιλῆες LAT Pal. 961. οἱ δ] οἵδ’ 1.. οἱ δ’ ol A. 962. τοῦδ 3fromo L. κεῖ] ke from ει (3) L. 966. ἐμοί] .. ἐμοὶ L. ἤ] ἢ L. ἢ CAT. 967. αὑτῷ] αὐτῶι L. abran Co. 969. τί] ads CA. ri Τ. τοῦδ7 re L. 971. πρὸς ταῦτ’] πρὸ ταῦτ’ L. πρὸσ rac AC.

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960. κλύοντε51] Viz. from Odysseus. 962. kel.. μῆ w60] ‘Though they missed him not.’-after he had withdrawn from fighting. Cp. IL 1. 240, mor’ Ἀχιλλῆος ποθὴ ἵξεται vas Ἀχαιῶν; ib. 9. 197. f τι μάλα χρεώ. 963. ἐν χρείᾳ dopos] (I) Inexigency of war,’ rather than (2) "In sore need of his spear.’ For the latter, however, cp. supr. 180, ξυνοῦ δορός. 965. πρίν Tis ἐκβάλῃ] ‘Till one have lost it,’ or ‘thrown it away.’ For the transition from the indefinite plural to ris, cp. Trach. I. 2, 3, οὐκ ἂν αἰῶν’ ἐκμά- θοις βροτῶν πρὶν ἂν | θάνῃ τις. ἐκβαλεῖν is to lose by one’s own fault. Cp. Ant. 648, 9. uh vow .. τὰς φρένας .. ἐκβάλῃς, Agamemnon has "thrown a pearl away Richer than all his tribe.’ (Shak. Oth. , 2). ; 966, 7. Either (I) supposing an im- plied comparative, ‘My sorrow in his death is greater than their joy: how- beit, he has pleased himself; or (2) supposing 8 to be in apodosi, and τέθνηκεν to be virtually hypothetical, Be his death joy to them or gmief to

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me, to him it brings content.’ For (1), see Essay on L. § 39. p. 73 b; and for (2), cp. Ant. 1168, where see note. As there is nothing but the emphasis to suggest comparison, (2) is preferable. 968. mwep adds emphasis with refe- rence to the words of Ajax, supr. II. 473-480, which Tecmessa now recalls. Cp. O. C. 1704, ἐξέπραξεν ofov ἤθελεν. 970. "His death is ro concern of theirs, but of the gods alone.’ The gods have required this sacrifice, and the will of the Atreidae has had no part in it. For this vague "dative of the person interested,’ cp. El. 1152, τέθνηκ’ ἐγώ σοι; Phil. 1030, καὶ τέθνηχ’ ὑμῖν πάλαι. So, too, infr. 972, Alas γὰρ αὐτοῖς οὐκέτ’ ἐστίν, κ.τ.λ. 971. ἐν κενοῖ3] In a vain thing’" ie. where his insolence has no occasion, and no object, but is beating the air. 973. Cp. Od. 14. 137, 8, φίλοισι δὲ κήδε’ὀπίσσω | πᾶσιν, ἔμοὶ δὲ μάλιστα, τετεύχαται; Trach. 41, 2, πλὴν ἐμοὶ πικρὰς| ὠδῖνας αὐτοῦ προσβαλὼν ἀποί- xerar. 974. ἀνίας kal y6ous] "Distress and

+

+ ἐύν + τε + διπλοῖ + βασιλῆς + + κλύοντες + Ἀτρεῖδαι. + + TE. + of + & + οὖν + γελώντων + κἀπιχαιρόντων + κακοῖς + + 3 + 2 + 7 + 2 + + a + 29 + + τοῖς + τοῦδ’. + ἴσως + τοι, + kel + βλέποντα + μὴ’πόθουν + + ’, + + 2 + + θανόντ’ + ἂν + οἰμώξειαν + ἐν + Χρείᾳ + δορός. + + 3 + — + + οἱ + yap + kaxol + γνώμαισι + τἀγαθὸν + χεροῖν + + . + + ἔχοντες + οὐκ + ἶσασι, + πρίν + τις + ἐκβάλῃ. + + 2 + + ἐμοὶ + πικρὸς + τέθνηκεν + ἢ + κείνοις + γλυκύς, + + αὐτῷ + δὲ + ός. + ὦ + ἃρ + ἠράσθ + 7 + + 3 + δὲ + τερπνός. + yàp + ἠράσθη + τυχεῖν + + 2 + 2 + 2 + + ἐκτήσαθ’ + atnd, + θάνατον + ὅνπερ + ἤθελεν. + + 2 + A + 2 + + τί + δῆτα + τοῦδ’ + ἐπεγγελῷεν + dv + KdTa; + + θεοῖς + τέθνηκεν + οὗτος, + οὐ + κείνοισιν, + οὔ. + + πρὸς + ταῦτ’ + Ὀδυσσεὺς + v + κενοῖς + ὑβριζέτω. + + Αἴας + yap + αὐτοῖς + οὐκέτ’ + ἐστίν, + ἀλλ’ + ἐμοὶ + + λιπὼν + ἀνίας + καὶ + γόους + διοίχεται. + +

+ Critical Apparatus +

+ 959. + βασιλῆς] + βασιλῆες + LAT + Pal. + + 961. + οἱ + δ] + οἵδ’ + 1.. + οἱ + δ’ + + ol + A. + 962. + τοῦδ + + 3fromo + L. + κεῖ] + ke + from + ει + (3) + L. + + 966. + ἐμοί] + .. + ἐμοὶ + L. + ἤ] + ἢ + L. + ἢ + CAT. + + 967. + αὑτῷ] + αὐτῶι + L. + abran + Co. + + 969. + τί] + ads + CA. + + ri + Τ. + τοῦδ7 + re + L. + + 971. + πρὸς + ταῦτ’] + πρὸ + ταῦτ’ + L. + + πρὸσ + rac + AC. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 960. + κλύοντε51] + Viz. + from + Odysseus. + + 962. + kel.. + μῆ + w60] + ‘Though + + they + missed + him + not.’-after + he + had + + withdrawn + from + fighting. + Cp. + IL + 1. + + 240, + mor’ + Ἀχιλλῆος + ποθὴ + ἵξεται + vas + + Ἀχαιῶν; + ib. + 9. + 197. + f + τι + μάλα + χρεώ. + + 963. + ἐν + χρείᾳ + dopos] + (I) + Inexigency + + of + war,’ + rather + than + (2) + "In + sore + need + + of + his + spear.’ + For + the + latter, + however, + + cp. + supr. + 180, + ξυνοῦ + δορός. + + 965. + πρίν + Tis + ἐκβάλῃ] + ‘Till + one + have + + lost + it,’ + or + ‘thrown + it + away.’ + For + the + + transition + from + the + indefinite + plural + to + + ris, + cp. + Trach. + I. + 2, + 3, + οὐκ + ἂν + αἰῶν’ + ἐκμά- + + θοις + βροτῶν + πρὶν + ἂν + | + θάνῃ + τις. + ἐκβαλεῖν + + is + to + lose + by + one’s + own + fault. + Cp. + Ant. + + 648, + 9. + uh + vow + .. + τὰς + φρένας + .. + ἐκβάλῃς, + + Agamemnon + has + "thrown + a + pearl + away + + Richer + than + all + his + tribe.’ + (Shak. + Oth. + + , + 2). + + ; + 966, + 7. + Either + (I) + supposing + an + im- + + plied + comparative, + ‘My + sorrow + in + his + + death + is + greater + than + their + joy: + how- + + beit, + he + has + pleased + himself; + or + (2) + + supposing + 8 + to + be + in + apodosi, + and + + τέθνηκεν + to + be + virtually + hypothetical, + + Be + his + death + joy + to + them + or + gmief + to + +

+ Commentary +

+ me, + to + him + it + brings + content.’ + For + (1), + + see + Essay + on + L. + § + 39. + p. + 73 + b; + and + for + + (2), + cp. + Ant. + 1168, + where + see + note. + As + + there + is + nothing + but + the + emphasis + to + + suggest + comparison, + (2) + is + preferable. + + 968. + mwep + adds + emphasis + with + refe- + + rence + to + the + words + of + Ajax, + supr. + II. + + 473-480, + which + Tecmessa + now + recalls. + + Cp. + O. + C. + 1704, + ἐξέπραξεν + ofov + ἤθελεν. + + 970. + "His + death + is + ro + concern + of + + theirs, + but + of + the + gods + alone.’ + The + + gods + have + required + this + sacrifice, + and + + the + will + of + the + Atreidae + has + had + no + part + + in + it. + For + this + vague + "dative + of + the + + person + interested,’ + cp. + El. + 1152, + τέθνηκ’ + + ἐγώ + σοι; + Phil. + 1030, + καὶ + τέθνηχ’ + ὑμῖν + + πάλαι. + So, + too, + infr. + 972, + Alas + γὰρ + + αὐτοῖς + οὐκέτ’ + ἐστίν, + κ.τ.λ. + + 971. + ἐν + κενοῖ3] + In + a + vain + thing’" + + ie. + where + his + insolence + has + no + occasion, + + and + no + object, + but + is + beating + the + air. + + 973. + Cp. + Od. + 14. + 137, + 8, + φίλοισι + δὲ + + κήδε’ὀπίσσω + | + πᾶσιν, + ἔμοὶ + δὲ + μάλιστα, + + τετεύχαται; + Trach. + 41, + 2, + πλὴν + ἐμοὶ + + πικρὰς| + ὠδῖνας + αὐτοῦ + προσβαλὼν + ἀποί- + + xerar. + + 974. + ἀνίας + kal + y6ous] + "Distress + and + +

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sorrow.’ For the strength of meaning given to avia here, cp. supr. 496 foll, infr. 1005. 976. Uttering a loud strain that hath regard to this calamity:’ i.e. The sudden cry of Teucer shows that his eye has been arrested by the dead body and the group surrounding it. (Schol. οὐχ ἡμαρτηκος τῆς συμφορᾶς, ἀλλ’ ἐστο- xacutvov). He, like Tecmessa, supr. 891, 2, is at first dimly seen in the shade. ἐπίσκοπον is used nearly as in Aesch. Eum. 903, ὁποῖα vikns μὴ κακῆς ἐπίσκοπα. 977. ὦ ξύναιμον ὄμμ’ ἐμοί] Brother of my love.’ upa, from meaning ‘ an object of sight,’ comes to mean " an ob- ject of regard’—one with whom we "see eye to eye,’—and its addition here gives a tone of affectionateness to the ex- pression. See Essayon L. § 54. p. 99 a3 and cp. especially, Phil. 171, μηδὲ σύν- τροφον ὄμμ’ ἔχων. 978. ‘Hast thou then done as pre- valent Rumour tells ?’ Aun6Aqkas, ‘Hast managed thine affairs, hast done thy business?’ See L. and S. s. v.

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ἐμπολάω, II. 2. The phrase at first sight seems hardly tragic; and ἠμπόληκά c (Herm.), i.e. 7 Have I sold thy life. by my delay? is at least plausible. But again, ἐμπολᾶν in the former sense, as an expression of common life, may have fost all figurative associations. Cp. Aesch. Eum. 631, 2, ἠμποληκότα | τὰ πλεῖστ’ duetvo’. And even retaining ἠμπόληκας in an absolute sense, as in the beginning of this note, the word implies blame in so far as Teucer refers not only to the death of Ajax, but to his loss of honour. 981-6. The partition of the sena- rius between two speakers, which does not occur at all in the Antigone, is in the Ajax confined to this passage and supr. 501-4, where see note. 982. & περισπερχὲς πάθος] O all- too-swift catastrophe 1’ referring not to the rash deed of Ajax, but to the sudden consummation of destiny. 983. 4. τί γάρ . ποῦ| Cp. supr. 101. The precatory uou indicates Teucer's interest in the child.

+

+ 88 + ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

+

+ ΤΕΥΚΡΟΣ. + +

+

+ ἰώ + pot + μοι. + +

+

+ xo. + +

+

+ σίγησον. + αὐδὴν + yap + δοκῶ + Τεύκρου + κλύειν + 975 + +

+

+ βοῶντος + ἄτης + τῆσδ’ + ἐπίσκοπον + μέλος. + +

+

+ ΤΕΥ. + ὦ + φίλτατ’ + Αἴας, + ὦ + ξύναιμον + ὄμμ’ + ἐμοί, + +

+

+ ap + ἠμπόληκας + ὥσπερ + ἡ + φάτις + κρατεῖ; + +

+

+ ΧΟ. + ὄλωλεν + ἁνήρ, + Τεῦκρε, + τοῦτ’ + ἐπίστασο. + +

+

+ TEY. + μοι + Bapetas + dpa + τῆς + ἐμῆς + τύχης. + 980 + +

+

+ ΧΟ. + dbs + ὧδ’ + ἐχόντων + +

+

+ TEY. + ὦ + τάλας + ἐγώ, + τάλας. + +

+

+ ΧΟ. + πάρα + στενάζειν. + +

+

+ ΤΕΥ. + ὦ + περισπερχὲς + πάθος. + +

+

+ XO. + ἄγαν + ye, + Ἰεῦκρε. + +

+

+ TEY. + φεῦ + τάλας. + τί + γὰρ + τέκνον + +

+

+ τὸ + τοῦδε, + ποῦ + μοι + γῆς + κυρεῖ + τῆς + Τρφάδος; + +

+

+ XO. + μόνος + παρὰ + σκηναῖσιν. + 985 + +

+

+ . + δοκῶ] + δοκῶι + L. + +

+

+ δοκῶ + A. + +

+

+ 977. + ἠμπόληκας] + ἠπόληκας + L. + ἠμπόληκας + C + +

+

+ 979. + ἀνήρ] + ἀνὴρ + LA. + +

+

+ 984. + τὸ + τοῦδε] + τοῦτοδε + L. + +

+

+ 74 + τοῦδε + CA. + +

+ Commentary +

+ sorrow.’ + For + the + strength + of + meaning + + given + to + avia + here, + cp. + supr. + 496 + foll, + + infr. + 1005. + + 976. + Uttering + a + loud + strain + that + + hath + regard + to + this + calamity:’ + i.e. + The + + sudden + cry + of + Teucer + shows + that + his + + eye + has + been + arrested + by + the + dead + body + + and + the + group + surrounding + it. + (Schol. + + οὐχ + ἡμαρτηκος + τῆς + συμφορᾶς, + ἀλλ’ + ἐστο- + + xacutvov). + He, + like + Tecmessa, + supr. + + 891, + 2, + is + at + first + dimly + seen + in + the + shade. + + ἐπίσκοπον + is + used + nearly + as + in + Aesch. + + Eum. + 903, + ὁποῖα + vikns + μὴ + κακῆς + ἐπίσκοπα. + + 977. + ὦ + ξύναιμον + ὄμμ’ + ἐμοί] + Brother + + of + my + love.’ + upa, + from + meaning + ‘ + an + + object + of + sight,’ + comes + to + mean + " + an + ob- + + ject + of + regard’—one + with + whom + we + "see + + eye + to + eye,’—and + its + addition + here + gives + + a + tone + of + affectionateness + to + the + ex- + + pression. + See + Essayon + L. + § + 54. + p. + 99 + a3 + + and + cp. + especially, + Phil. + 171, + μηδὲ + σύν- + + τροφον + ὄμμ’ + ἔχων. + + 978. + ‘Hast + thou + then + done + as + pre- + + valent + Rumour + tells + ?’ + Aun6Aqkas, + + ‘Hast + managed + thine + affairs, + hast + done + + thy + business?’ + See + L. + and + S. + s. + v. + +

+ Commentary +

+ ἐμπολάω, + II. + 2. + The + phrase + at + first + + sight + seems + hardly + tragic; + and + ἠμπόληκά + + c + (Herm.), + i.e. + 7 + Have + I + sold + thy + life. + + by + my + delay? + is + at + least + plausible. + But + + again, + ἐμπολᾶν + in + the + former + sense, + as + + an + expression + of + common + life, + may + + have + fost + all + figurative + associations. + + Cp. + Aesch. + Eum. + 631, + 2, + ἠμποληκότα + | + + τὰ + πλεῖστ’ + duetvo’. + And + even + retaining + + ἠμπόληκας + in + an + absolute + sense, + as + in + + the + beginning + of + this + note, + the + word + + implies + blame + in + so + far + as + Teucer + refers + + not + only + to + the + death + of + Ajax, + but + to + + his + loss + of + honour. + + 981-6. + The + partition + of + the + sena- + + rius + between + two + speakers, + which + does + + not + occur + at + all + in + the + Antigone, + is + in + + the + Ajax + confined + to + this + passage + and + + supr. + 501-4, + where + see + note. + + 982. + & + περισπερχὲς + πάθος] + O + all- + + too-swift + catastrophe + 1’ + referring + not + to + + the + rash + deed + of + Ajax, + but + to + the + sudden + + consummation + of + destiny. + + 983. + 4. + τί + γάρ + . + ποῦ| + Cp. + supr. + 101. + + The + precatory + uou + indicates + Teucer's + + interest + in + the + child. + +

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985. οὐχ ὅσον τάχος5, k.TA.] These words are spoken to Tecmessa, who, in obedience to them, makes her exit here, retuming with Eurysaces, infr. 1168. They cannot be addressed to one of the Chorus, as the exit of a single choreutes is quite inadmissible; nor to one of Teucers own attendants, to whom such an exhortation as σύγ- καμνε would be superfluous. As ad- dressed to Tecmessa, the words seem harsh and peremptory; but Teucer, who has been absent, does not know the depth of her feelings, and in his eyes she is merely Ajax’ captive. Hence the words, i0", ἐγκόνει, σύγκαμνε, are an example of what is called irony, i.e. they indicate the speaker’s unconsciousness. 8fral Although not an enclitic, the particle coming at the beginning of the Iine is a strong instance of synaphea, and marks the haste with which Teucer utters his command. Cp. infr. 1089, 90, Gaws | μή. Kkevis] Widowed,' ‘unprotected,’- λέοντος ebyevois ἀπουσίᾳ. Not ‘ bereft of young.’ as the prolepsis would have a frigid effect. Nor by enallage for κενόν sc. μητρός, ‘Separated from the

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mother.’ The point lies in the com- parison not of Tecmessa to a lioness, but of Ajax to a lion. 988, 9. Tors θανοῦσί τοι, KTA] ‘Whence Eurysaces is in the greater danger. 990, 1. Supr. 567. "‘While still alive, Ajax enjoined that he (Eurysaces)should be thy care, and he is so.’ The em- phatic οὖν avoids the appearance of supposing that Teucer needed the in- junction. 992 foll. Having done what is im- mediately necessary, Teucer becomes absorbed in the contemplation of his dead brother. 094 foll. This last heavy- hearted journey dates not from the warning of Calchas, supr. 750 foll., but from the rumour that quickly followed it. The exceptional rhythm of this line, without caesura, expresses the painſulness of the way. 597. The participles are to be taken closely with ἔβην; Following up and searching out thy doom, when I per- ceived that it was come’ :i—viz. on hearing the rumour. 998. bketa] ‘Swift": i.e. not only

+

+ ΑΙΑΣΣ. + +

+

+ 39 + +

+

+ TEY. + +

+

+ z + +

+

+ oox. + ogor + τάχος + +

+

+ 7 + αὐτὸν + ἄξεις + δεῦρο, + +

+

+ a + ry + 2 + +

+

+ μή + τις + ὡς + κενῆς + +

+

+ σκύμνον + λεαίνης + δυσμενῶν + ἀναρπάσῃ; + +

+

+ ἴθ’ + 2 + z + 7 + 7. + 2 + +

+

+ m, + eykovet, + σύγκαμνε. + τοις + θανοῦσί + Τοι + +

+

+ φιλοῦσι + πάντες + κειμένοις + ἐπεγγελᾶν. + +

+

+ A + ’ + ’ + 2 + 2. + +

+

+ ΧΟ. + +

+

+ kal + μὴν + ἔτι + ζῶν, + Τεῦκρε, + τοῦδέ + σοι + μέλειν + +

+

+ 8 + 3 + 3 + 2 + 2 + 2 + +

+

+ 990 + +

+

+ ἐφίεθ’ + ἁνὴρ + κεῖνος, + ὥσπερ + οὖν + μέλει. + +

+

+ 1cura + 2 + 8 + 2 + +

+

+ [12 + b. + +

+

+ TEY. + ὦ + τῶν + ἁπάντων + δὴ + θεαμάτων + ἐμοὶ + +

+

+ ἄλγιστον + ὧν + προσεῖδον + ὀφθαλμοῖς + ἐγώ, + +

+

+ ὁδός + θ’ + ὁδῶν + πασῶν + ἀνιάσασα + δὴ + +

+

+ — + ~ + +

+

+ μάλιστα + τοὐμὸν + σπλάγχνον, + ἣν + δὴ + νῦν + ἔβην, + +

+

+ 995 + +

+

+ ὦ + φίλτατ’ + Alas, + τὸν + σὸν + ὡς + ἐπῃσθόμην + +

+

+ μόρον + διώκων + κἀξιχνοσκοπούμενος· + +

+

+ ὀξεῖα + γάρ + σου + βάξις + ὡς + θεοῦ + τινος + +

+

+ 988. + ἐγκόνει] + ἐνκόνει + L. + +

+

+ ἐγκόνει + Co. + +

+

+ 991. + ἁνὴρ + κεῖνος] + ἀνὴρ + κεῖνος + L. + +

+

+ ἀνὴρ + ἐκεῖνος + AI. + +

+

+ 994. + ὁδός + θ’] + ὁδόστ’ + L. + +

+

+ ὁδόσ + 6 + CA + Vat. + ac. + πασῶν] + +

+

+ (ἀ)πασῶν + LA. + ἁἀπασῶν + LZ + Pal. + VM. + +

+

+ πασῶν + CA + Vat + ac + MA. + +

+

+ δή] + (η + from + e) + L. + +

+

+ 8 + +

+

+ 998. + σου] + σοι + L2 + pr. + σου + Vat. + ac. + +

+

+ θεοῦ] + 66 + L. + θεοῦ + A. + C. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 985. + οὐχ + ὅσον + τάχος5, + k.TA.] + These + + words + are + spoken + to + Tecmessa, + who, + in + + obedience + to + them, + makes + her + exit + here, + + retuming + with + Eurysaces, + infr. + 1168. + + They + cannot + be + addressed + to + one + of + + the + Chorus, + as + the + exit + of + a + single + + choreutes + is + quite + inadmissible; + nor + + to + one + of + Teucers + own + attendants, + + to + whom + such + an + exhortation + as + σύγ- + + καμνε + would + be + superfluous. + As + ad- + + dressed + to + Tecmessa, + the + words + seem + + harsh + and + peremptory; + but + Teucer, + who + + has + been + absent, + does + not + know + the + + depth + of + her + feelings, + and + in + his + eyes + + she + is + merely + Ajax’ + captive. + Hence + + the + words, + i0", + ἐγκόνει, + σύγκαμνε, + are + an + + example + of + what + is + called + irony, + i.e. + they + + indicate + the + speaker’s + unconsciousness. + + 8fral + Although + not + an + enclitic, + the + + particle + coming + at + the + beginning + of + the + + Iine + is + a + strong + instance + of + synaphea, + + and + marks + the + haste + with + which + Teucer + + utters + his + command. + Cp. + infr. + 1089, + + 90, + Gaws + | + μή. + + Kkevis] + Widowed,' + ‘unprotected,’- + + λέοντος + ebyevois + ἀπουσίᾳ. + Not + ‘ + bereft + + of + young.’ + as + the + prolepsis + would + have + + a + frigid + effect. + Nor + by + enallage + for + + κενόν + sc. + μητρός, + ‘Separated + from + the + +

+ Commentary +

+ mother.’ + The + point + lies + in + the + com- + + parison + not + of + Tecmessa + to + a + lioness, + + but + of + Ajax + to + a + lion. + + 988, + 9. + Tors + θανοῦσί + τοι, + KTA] + + ‘Whence + Eurysaces + is + in + the + greater + + danger. + + 990, + 1. + Supr. + 567. + "‘While + still + alive, + + Ajax + enjoined + that + he + (Eurysaces)should + + be + thy + care, + and + he + is + so.’ + The + em- + + phatic + οὖν + avoids + the + appearance + of + + supposing + that + Teucer + needed + the + in- + + junction. + + 992 + foll. + Having + done + what + is + im- + + mediately + necessary, + Teucer + becomes + + absorbed + in + the + contemplation + of + his + + dead + brother. + + 094 + foll. + This + last + heavy- + hearted + + journey + dates + not + from + the + warning + of + + Calchas, + supr. + 750 + foll., + but + from + the + + rumour + that + quickly + followed + it. + The + + exceptional + rhythm + of + this + line, + without + + caesura, + expresses + the + painſulness + of + the + + way. + + 597. + The + participles + are + to + be + taken + + closely + with + ἔβην; + Following + up + and + + searching + out + thy + doom, + when + I + per- + + ceived + that + it + was + come’ + :i—viz. + on + + hearing + the + rumour. + + 998. + bketa] + ‘Swift": + i.e. + not + only + +

-

suddenly arriving, but spreading in- stantaneously. σου] Objective genitive=nepl σου. Essay on L. § 9. p. 12. βάξι51 Talk,’ ‘bruit.’ ‘noise.’ βάξις is generally something disagreeable. ὡς θεοῦ τινο5] Sceming to come from some god.’ Genitive of the agent (Essay on L. § 10. p. 14): sc. πέμψαν- τος, or the like. On the source of this rumour, see above, note on 1. 826. The messenger retuming to the camp after 1. 814 would bring word that Ajax was dead. 1000. The antecedent to & and ob- ject of ὁρῶν, viz. thy death,’ is to be gathered from the meaning of the two preceding lines. Cp. O. T 6. 1003. Ib, ἐκκάλυψον] Cp. supr. 915, 16. If Tecmessa is gone, according to the note on supr. 9S5, these words are spoken either (1) to the coryphaeus, who on her departure might naturally take his station by the corpse; or (2) to an attendant of Teucer. Cp. El. 1468, χαλᾶτε πᾶν κάλυμμ’ ἀπ’ ὀφθαλμῶν, ὅπως 70 συγγενές τοι κἀπ’ ἐμοῦ θρήνων τύχῃ. 1004. ‘O sight intolerable 1 telling of a rash and cruel deed.’ ὄμμα here is not merely the person of Ajax as an object of vision, but the whole harrow-

-

ing spectacle, from which Teucer passes naturally in the next line to Ajax him- self. For the genitive τόλμης, " imply- ing rashness, cp. Thue. 3. 45. 5 I πολλῆς εὐηθείας, ὅστις ofera. ΕΣΕΣΣΕΣΕΣΣΣΣΣΣΣ. cruel, because causing so much pain. 1005. The participial phrase ὅσας .. κατασπείρας has the chief stress. 1008. The omission of με in all the MSS. is a strong proof of the loss of the sense of quantity in Byzantine times. The line was scanned 77 nov reAGu—- without suspicion. τ’ fows in the Lau- rentian reading (understood as ‘equally’) has come in from the next line, and there is no reason to doubt that θ’ ἅμα is the genuine reading. Emphatic ful- ness in dwelling on such relationships is common in Greek, and is especially natural in Teucer. 1008-1010. The iteration of 4 mov .. ἴσως .. πῶς γὰρ οὐκ; is expressive of Teucer’s bitterness of soul. 1010, 11. "Who will not smile any the more sweetly, no, not even if good fortune come to him.’ The idiomatic force of the comparative can hardly be rendered in translation. Lit. ‘ Even though fortunate, to smile none the more pleasantly (on that account). For πάρα, cp. supr. 904, αἰάζειν apa:

+

+ 90 + +

+

+ ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

+

+ διῆλθ’ + Ἀχαιοὺς + πάντας + ὡς + οἴχει + θανών. + +

+

+ dyd + κλύων + δύστηνος + ἐκποδὼν + μὲν + ὧν + +

+

+ z + A + x + +

+

+ 1000 + +

+

+ ὑπεστέναζον, + νῦν + δ’ + ὁρῶν + ἀπόλλυμαι, + +

+

+ 8 + 2 + 2 + z + +

+

+ xr + +

+

+ οἶμοι. + +

+

+ ἴθ, + ἐκκάλυψον, + ὡς + ἴδω + τὸ + πᾶν + κακόν. + +

+

+ 2 + ’ + +

+

+ ὦ + δυσθέατον + ὄμμα + καὶ + τόλμης + πικρᾶς, + +

+

+ ὅσας + dvas + μοι + κατασπείρας + φθίνεις. + +

+

+ ’ + ’ + +

+

+ 1005 + +

+

+ ποῖ + γὰρ + μολεῖν + μοι + δυνατόν, + εἰς + ποίους + Bporovs, + +

+

+ 2 + — + 3 + +

+

+ Τοις + σοις + ἀρήξαντ’ + εέν + πόνοισι + μη + apou + ; + +

+

+ 7 + 7 + 22 + 22 + z + 8 + a. + +

+

+ 5 + πού + Xue + Τελαμών, + σὸς + πατὴρ + ἐμός + θ’ + ἅμα, + +

+

+ 5 + A + " + +

+

+ δέξαιτ’ + dv + εὐπρόσωπος + ἵλεώς + τ’ + ἴσως + +

+

+ ⸗ + 27 + +

+

+ χωροῦντ’ + dvev + σοῦ. + πῶς + yap + οὔχ; + ὅτῳ + πάρα + +

+

+ 2 + 1 + 2 + 2 + J. + 1. + z + +

+

+ 1010 + +

+

+ 1000. + ἐκποδὼν + μὲν + ὢν] + ἐκποδῶν + μένων + L. + +

+

+ ἐκποδὼν + μὲν + CVat. + ac + M. + ἐκποδὰν + +

+

+ μένων + ΤΙΑ. + (γρ. + μὲν + dw + L). + +

+

+ 1008. + με] + om. + MSS. + add. + Kuster. + dua] + 7 + +

+

+ fows + LATVM. + θ’ + dpa + Cꝰ + Vat. + ac + Μ5. + +

+ Commentary +

+ suddenly + arriving, + but + spreading + in- + + stantaneously. + + σου] + Objective + genitive=nepl + σου. + + Essay + on + L. + § + 9. + p. + 12. + + βάξι51 + Talk,’ + ‘bruit.’ + ‘noise.’ + βάξις + + is + generally + something + disagreeable. + + ὡς + θεοῦ + τινο5] + Sceming + to + come + + from + some + god.’ + Genitive + of + the + agent + + (Essay + on + L. + § + 10. + p. + 14): + sc. + πέμψαν- + + τος, + or + the + like. + On + the + source + of + this + + rumour, + see + above, + note + on + 1. + 826. + The + + messenger + retuming + to + the + camp + after + + 1. + 814 + would + bring + word + that + Ajax + was + + dead. + + 1000. + The + antecedent + to + & + and + ob- + + ject + of + ὁρῶν, + viz. + thy + death,’ + is + to + be + + gathered + from + the + meaning + of + the + two + + preceding + lines. + Cp. + O. + T + 6. + + 1003. + Ib, + ἐκκάλυψον] + Cp. + supr. + 915, + + 16. + If + Tecmessa + is + gone, + according + to + + the + note + on + supr. + 9S5, + these + words + are + + spoken + either + (1) + to + the + coryphaeus, + + who + on + her + departure + might + naturally + + take + his + station + by + the + corpse; + or + (2) + + to + an + attendant + of + Teucer. + Cp. + El. + + 1468, + χαλᾶτε + πᾶν + κάλυμμ’ + ἀπ’ + ὀφθαλμῶν, + + ὅπως + 70 + συγγενές + τοι + κἀπ’ + ἐμοῦ + θρήνων + + τύχῃ. + + 1004. + ‘O + sight + intolerable + 1 + telling + + of + a + rash + and + cruel + deed.’ + ὄμμα + here + + is + not + merely + the + person + of + Ajax + as + an + + object + of + vision, + but + the + whole + harrow- + +

+ Commentary +

+ ing + spectacle, + from + which + Teucer + passes + + naturally + in + the + next + line + to + Ajax + him- + + self. + For + the + genitive + τόλμης, + " + imply- + + ing + rashness, + cp. + Thue. + 3. + 45. + 5 + I + + πολλῆς + εὐηθείας, + ὅστις + ofera. + + ΕΣΕΣΣΕΣΕΣΣΣΣΣΣΣ. + + cruel, + because + causing + so + much + pain. + + 1005. + The + participial + phrase + ὅσας + .. + + κατασπείρας + has + the + chief + stress. + + 1008. + The + omission + of + με + in + all + the + + MSS. + is + a + strong + proof + of + the + loss + of + + the + sense + of + quantity + in + Byzantine + times. + + The + line + was + scanned + 77 + nov + reAGu—- + + without + suspicion. + τ’ + fows + in + the + Lau- + + rentian + reading + (understood + as + ‘equally’) + + has + come + in + from + the + next + line, + and + + there + is + no + reason + to + doubt + that + θ’ + ἅμα + + is + the + genuine + reading. + Emphatic + ful- + + ness + in + dwelling + on + such + relationships + + is + common + in + Greek, + and + is + especially + + natural + in + Teucer. + + 1008-1010. + The + iteration + of + 4 + mov + + .. + ἴσως + .. + πῶς + γὰρ + οὐκ; + is + expressive + of + + Teucer’s + bitterness + of + soul. + + 1010, + 11. + "Who + will + not + smile + any + + the + more + sweetly, + no, + not + even + if + good + + fortune + come + to + him.’ + The + idiomatic + + force + of + the + comparative + can + hardly + be + + rendered + in + translation. + Lit. + ‘ + Even + + though + fortunate, + to + smile + none + the + + more + pleasantly + (on + that + account). + + For + πάρα, + cp. + supr. + 904, + αἰάζειν + apa: + +

-

982, πάρα στενάζειν. There is a slight irony in ἤδιον. The Laurentian reading, μηδὲν ἵλεων γελᾶν, is not Greek, and ἥδιον, the reading of Par. A and several other MSS., is further supported by the unintelligible reading ἴδιον c. gl. οἰκεῖον in V4 which is clearly a corruption of ἥδιον, and may have given rise to ἵλεων. See Phil. 1392, and v. rr. Others ex- plain the words to mean, ‘Whose custom it is not to smile pleasantly when for- tunate.’ But such a meaning of παρεῖναι is doubtful, and the comparative is then without point. The line, as above in- terpreted, may remind us of the story of Henry the First of England, who is said never to have smiled again after the death of his son, William the Aetheling. For the sorrow of Telamon, G Fr. 516 (from the ‘Teucer"), ὡς dp, ὦ τέκνον, κενὴν ἐτερπόμην σου τέρψιν εὐλογουμές νου ὡς Gros ἡ δ’ dp’ ἐν σκότῳ λαθοῦσά με | ἔσαιν’ Ἐρινὺς ἡδοναῖς ἑφευσμένον. 1012. τί κρύψει 3 Over what will he draw the veil ?7" i.e. He will not soften the shame of my birth. though it reflects on himself. 1013. Bya slight prolepsis the evil that is supposed to be predicated is made part of the subject. ‘What evil

-

will he not speak of me,—of the base- born issue of his spear?’ i.e. ‘ Will he not call me so?7 Cp. IL 8. 283 (of Telamon), ὅ σ’ ἔτρεφε τυτθὸν ἐόντα καί σε νόθον περ ἐόντα κομίσσατο. 1017. ἀνὴρ . Papis] ‘A passionate man, whom old age makes dangerous. Telamon had always been irascible (this helps to account for the im- petuosity of his son), and a bad temper is not improved by age. We may infer, too, from Teucer’s fear of Telamon, that Ajax was the favourite son. 1018. πρὸς οὐδὲν . . θυμούμενος Either (1) connecting els (pw with - μούμενος, ‘Angered into strife at no- thing;' or (2) joining οὐδὲν εἰς ἔριν, ‘ Angered at what is no cause of quarrel.’ For (2), cp. Eur. Phoen. 598, udra σὺν πολλοῖσιν ἦλθες πρὺς τὸν οὔδὲν ἐς μαχήν, where οὐδέν taken alone does not answer sufficiently to δειλὸν καὶ φιλό- Yaxor in the preceding line : Flat. Phil. 17 C, εἰς ταῦτα οὐδενὸς ἄξιος· ἔσει. 1020. λόγοισιν . . φανεί5] Pro- claimed,’ i.e. by Telamon, who would declare Teucer to be the son of a slave- woman, and therefore ineligible for the succession. 1022. Although there is some con-

+

+ ΑΙΑΣ. + 91 + +

+

+ μηδ’ + εὐτυχοῦντι + μηδὲν + ἥδιον + γελᾶν. + +

+

+ οὗτος + τί + κρύψει; + ποῖον + οὐκ + ἐρεῖ + κακόν, + +

+

+ τὸν + ἐκ + δορὸς + γεγῶτα + πολεμίου + νόθον, + +

+

+ τὸν + δειλίᾳ + προδόντα + καὶ + κακανδρίᾳ + +

+

+ σέ, + φίλτατ’ + Αἴας, + ἢ + δόλοισιν, + ὡς + τὰ + σὰ + 1015 + +

+

+ κράτη + θανόντος + kal + δόμους + νέμοιμι + σούς. + +

+

+ τοιαῦτ’ + ἀνὴρ + δύσοργος, + ἐν + γήρᾳ + βαρύς, + +

+

+ ἐρεῖ, + πρὸς + οὐδὲν + εἰς + ἔριν + θυμούμενος. + +

+

+ rẽxos + & + ἀπωστὸς + γῆς + ἀπορριφθήσομαι, + +

+

+ δοῦλος + λόγοισιν + ἀντ’ + ἐλευθέρου + φανείς. + 1020 + +

+

+ n + . + +

+

+ τοιαῦτα + μὲν + κατ’ + οἶκον· + ἐν + Tpola + pot + +

+

+ - + 7 + +

+

+ πολλοὶ + μὲν + ἐχθροί, + παῦρα + Fdpericiual + +

+

+ 8 + 8 + +

+

+ 1011. + εὐτυχοῦντι] + εὐτυχοῦντ + (οσ + or + a) + L. + +

+

+ εὐτυχοῦντι + Co. + +

+

+ εὐτυχοῦντι + Α. + ἥδιον] + +

+

+ ἵλεων + L. + ἡδιον + A. + γρ. + ἥδιον + C7. + ἥδιον + N + RMAM + Vat. + ac. + +

+

+ ἵλεων + TLMpr. + Pal. + V. + +

+

+ (gl. + ἥδιον). + 1014. + Κκακανδρίᾳ] + κακ’ + ἀνδρίαι + L. + κακανδρίαι + C. + 1019. + ἀπορ- + +

+

+ ριφθήσομαι] + ἀπορριφ(θ)ήσομαι + LL + ἀπορριφήσομαι + A + Vat. + ac + M. + 1022. + παῦρα + δ’] + +

+

+ παῦροι + Ῥα.Μ + ὠφελήσιμα] + ὠφελήσιμοι + LATLE + Vat. + c + VUM. + ὀφελήσιμοῖ + +

+

+ Vat. + a. + κατὰ + παῦρα + gl. + C2 + mg + L? + Johnson + corr. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 982, + πάρα + στενάζειν. + There + is + a + slight + + irony + in + ἤδιον. + The + Laurentian + reading, + + μηδὲν + ἵλεων + γελᾶν, + is + not + Greek, + and + + ἥδιον, + the + reading + of + Par. + A + and + several + + other + MSS., + is + further + supported + by + the + + unintelligible + reading + ἴδιον + c. + gl. + οἰκεῖον + + in + V4 + which + is + clearly + a + corruption + of + + ἥδιον, + and + may + have + given + rise + to + ἵλεων. + + See + Phil. + 1392, + and + v. + rr. + Others + ex- + + plain + the + words + to + mean, + ‘Whose + custom + + it + is + not + to + smile + pleasantly + when + for- + + tunate.’ + But + such + a + meaning + of + παρεῖναι + + is + doubtful, + and + the + comparative + is + then + + without + point. + The + line, + as + above + in- + + terpreted, + may + remind + us + of + the + story + + of + Henry + the + First + of + England, + who + is + + said + never + to + have + smiled + again + after + the + + death + of + his + son, + William + the + Aetheling. + + For + the + sorrow + of + Telamon, + G + Fr. + 516 + + (from + the + ‘Teucer"), + ὡς + dp, + ὦ + τέκνον, + + κενὴν + ἐτερπόμην + σου + τέρψιν + εὐλογουμές + + νου + ὡς + Gros + ἡ + δ’ + dp’ + ἐν + σκότῳ + λαθοῦσά + + με + | + ἔσαιν’ + Ἐρινὺς + ἡδοναῖς + ἑφευσμένον. + + 1012. + τί + κρύψει + 3 + Over + what + will + + he + draw + the + veil + ?7" + i.e. + He + will + not + + soften + the + shame + of + my + birth. + though + + it + reflects + on + himself. + + 1013. + Bya + slight + prolepsis + the + evil + + that + is + supposed + to + be + predicated + is + + made + part + of + the + subject. + ‘What + evil + +

+ Commentary +

+ will + he + not + speak + of + me,—of + the + base- + + born + issue + of + his + spear?’ + i.e. + ‘ + Will + he + + not + call + me + so?7 + Cp. + IL + 8. + 283 + (of + + Telamon), + ὅ + σ’ + ἔτρεφε + τυτθὸν + ἐόντα + καί + + σε + νόθον + περ + ἐόντα + κομίσσατο. + + 1017. + ἀνὴρ + . + Papis] + ‘A + passionate + + man, + whom + old + age + makes + dangerous. + + Telamon + had + always + been + irascible + + (this + helps + to + account + for + the + im- + + petuosity + of + his + son), + and + a + bad + temper + + is + not + improved + by + age. + We + may + infer, + + too, + from + Teucer’s + fear + of + Telamon, + that + + Ajax + was + the + favourite + son. + + 1018. + πρὸς + οὐδὲν + . + . + θυμούμενος + + Either + (1) + connecting + els + (pw + with + - + + μούμενος, + ‘Angered + into + strife + at + no- + + thing;' + or + (2) + joining + οὐδὲν + εἰς + ἔριν, + + ‘ + Angered + at + what + is + no + cause + of + quarrel.’ + + For + (2), + cp. + Eur. + Phoen. + 598, + udra + σὺν + + πολλοῖσιν + ἦλθες + πρὺς + τὸν + οὔδὲν + ἐς + μαχήν, + + where + οὐδέν + taken + alone + does + not + + answer + sufficiently + to + δειλὸν + καὶ + φιλό- + + Yaxor + in + the + preceding + line + : + Flat. + Phil. + + 17 + C, + εἰς + ταῦτα + οὐδενὸς + ἄξιος· + ἔσει. + + 1020. + λόγοισιν + . + . + φανεί5] + Pro- + + claimed,’ + i.e. + by + Telamon, + who + would + + declare + Teucer + to + be + the + son + of + a + slave- + + woman, + and + therefore + ineligible + for + the + + succession. + + 1022. + Although + there + is + some + con- + +

-

fusion in the MSS. here, the reading of this line is tolerably certain. 1023 foll. He resumes what be had said in 1. 1005, and thus returns from himself to Ajax, and to the duties of the present hour. 1024, 5. πῶς . kwovros] ‘How shall I disengage thee from this cruel, gleaming blade 2’ The first notion of Ἀνώδων (cp. κνώδαξ) seems to be ‘a projecting point" or "tooth.’ Here the point of the sword, projecting through the body of Ajax, is clearly meant, as this alone could be seen. The mantle (supr. 899, 915) has been removed at 1 1003. dioòRNov may mean ‘discoloured,’ as in Phil. 1157, ἐμᾶς capds αἰόλας, or bright in part,’ the sheen of the newly whetted blade remaining where not ob- scured by the blood. 1026. φονέω] Teucer, like Ajax, supr. 815, personifies the weapon, which, as the gift of Hector, is imagined to be instinct with enmity. His mind is in sympathy with his brother’s, and he falls into a similar train of reasoning. 1027. Cp. Trach. 1162, 3, ὅδ’ οὖν 6 οὴρ Κενταῦρος, ὡς τὸ θεῖον ἢν | πρόφαν- τον, οὕτω ζῶντά μ’ ἔκτείνεν θανών. ἀποφθίσειν has been changed to ἀπο- φθιεῖν, as the Attic form. But it must

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remain uncertain how far this was re- quired by the tragic dialect. 1029-31. This variation from the story of the Iliad is followed by Quintus Smyrnaeus, and was probably that adopted by the author of the Ilias minor. See Introduction, and cp. Eur. Andr. 399, σφαγὰς . . "Exropos τροχηλά- rovs. The exchange of presents occurs in I. 7. 303-5, &s dpa φωνήσας δῶκε ξίφος apyvpror, | σὺν κολεῷ TE φέρων καὶ ἐυτμήτῳ τελαμῶνι· ¶ Alas δὲ ζωστῆρα δίδου φοίνικι φαεινόν. πρισθείς] Gallingly tied; i.e. not only bound fast, but cut by the strained cords as he hung. Cp. El. 862, rurofs ὁλκοῖς ἐγκῦρσαι. 1031. ἐκνάπτετ’] ‘His flesh was frayed,’—upon the stones as he was dragged along. Cp. especially, Plat. Rep. B. 10. p. 616 A, εἷλκον .. ἐπ’ ἀσπαλάθων κνάπτοντες. βίον is added for the sake of definite- ess, as ἀποψύξαι alone may mean ‘to swoon. 1033. πρὸς τοῦδ’] Sc. τοῦ κνώδοντος, supr. 1025. The masculine gender is resumed, after τήνδε δωρεάν, as more appropriate to the personification of the sword. πεσήματι, like πηδήματι, supr. 833, refers to the act of falling on the sword.

+

+ 92 + +

+

+ ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

+

+ καὶ + rabra + wdvra + σοῦ + θανόντος + εὑρόμην. + +

+

+ 2. + 2 + z + 3 + z + +

+

+ οἴμοι, + τί + δράσω; + πῶς + σ’ + ἀποσπάσω + πικροῦ + +

+

+ 2 + 22 + z + 5 + +

+

+ τοῦδ’ + αἰόλου + κνώδοντος, + ὦ + τάλας, + p + οὗ + +

+

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+

+ 1025 + +

+

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+

+ 2 + z + +

+

+ φονέως + ἄρ’ + ἐξέπνευσας + ; + +

+

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+

+ ’ + . + +

+

+ σκέψασθε, + πρὸς + θεῶν, + τὴν + τύχην + δυοῖν + βροτοῖν. + +

+

+ Ἕκτωρ + μέν, + ᾧ + δὴ + τοῦδ’ + ἐδωρήθη + πάρα, + +

+

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+ Commentary +

+ fusion + in + the + MSS. + here, + the + reading + of + + this + line + is + tolerably + certain. + + 1023 + foll. + He + resumes + what + be + had + + said + in + 1. + 1005, + and + thus + returns + from + + himself + to + Ajax, + and + to + the + duties + of + + the + present + hour. + + 1024, + 5. + πῶς + . + kwovros] + ‘How + + shall + I + disengage + thee + from + this + cruel, + + gleaming + blade + 2’ + The + first + notion + of + + Ἀνώδων + (cp. + κνώδαξ) + seems + to + be + ‘a + + projecting + point" + or + "tooth.’ + Here + the + + point + of + the + sword, + projecting + through + + the + body + of + Ajax, + is + clearly + meant, + as + + this + alone + could + be + seen. + The + mantle + + (supr. + 899, + 915) + has + been + removed + at + + 1 + 1003. + dioòRNov + may + mean + ‘discoloured,’ + + as + in + Phil. + 1157, + ἐμᾶς + capds + αἰόλας, + or + + bright + in + part,’ + the + sheen + of + the + newly + + whetted + blade + remaining + where + not + ob- + + scured + by + the + blood. + + 1026. + φονέω] + Teucer, + like + Ajax, + + supr. + 815, + personifies + the + weapon, + which, + + as + the + gift + of + Hector, + is + imagined + to + be + + instinct + with + enmity. + + His + mind + is + in + sympathy + with + his + + brother’s, + and + he + falls + into + a + similar + + train + of + reasoning. + + 1027. + Cp. + Trach. + 1162, + 3, + ὅδ’ + οὖν + 6 + + οὴρ + Κενταῦρος, + ὡς + τὸ + θεῖον + ἢν + | + πρόφαν- + + τον, + οὕτω + ζῶντά + μ’ + ἔκτείνεν + θανών. + + ἀποφθίσειν + has + been + changed + to + ἀπο- + + φθιεῖν, + as + the + Attic + form. + But + it + must + +

+ Commentary +

+ remain + uncertain + how + far + this + was + re- + + quired + by + the + tragic + dialect. + + 1029-31. + This + variation + from + the + + story + of + the + Iliad + is + followed + by + Quintus + + Smyrnaeus, + and + was + probably + that + + adopted + by + the + author + of + the + Ilias + + minor. + See + Introduction, + and + cp. + Eur. + + Andr. + 399, + σφαγὰς + . + . + "Exropos + τροχηλά- + + rovs. + The + exchange + of + presents + occurs + + in + I. + 7. + 303-5, + &s + dpa + φωνήσας + δῶκε + + ξίφος + apyvpror, + | + σὺν + κολεῷ + TE + φέρων + + καὶ + ἐυτμήτῳ + τελαμῶνι· + + Alas + δὲ + ζωστῆρα + + δίδου + φοίνικι + φαεινόν. + + πρισθείς] + Gallingly + tied; + i.e. + not + + only + bound + fast, + but + cut + by + the + strained + + cords + as + he + hung. + Cp. + El. + 862, + rurofs + + ὁλκοῖς + ἐγκῦρσαι. + + 1031. + ἐκνάπτετ’] + ‘His + flesh + was + + frayed,’—upon + the + stones + as + he + was + + dragged + along. + Cp. + especially, + Plat. + + Rep. + B. + 10. + p. + 616 + A, + εἷλκον + .. + ἐπ’ + + ἀσπαλάθων + κνάπτοντες. + + βίον + is + added + for + the + sake + of + definite- + + ess, + as + ἀποψύξαι + alone + may + mean + ‘to + + swoon. + + 1033. + πρὸς + τοῦδ’] + Sc. + τοῦ + κνώδοντος, + + supr. + 1025. + The + masculine + gender + is + + resumed, + after + τήνδε + δωρεάν, + as + more + + appropriate + to + the + personification + of + the + + sword. + πεσήματι, + like + πηδήματι, + supr. + + 833, + refers + to + the + act + of + falling + on + the + + sword. + +

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1035. κἀκεῖνον] Sc. τὸν ζωστῆρα. 1036. μὲν οὖν evades a direct answer to the preceding question. Any one is free to deny that this is the work of the Erinys and of Hades. As for Teucer, he will always refer every event to a Divine Power. And to what Powers but these can the present events be re- ferred ? 1039. ἐκεῖνα] Sc. ἃ φίλα αὐτῷ τυγχά- νει ὄντα. For this vague pronoun, cp. Eur. Alc. 867, 8, ζηλῶ φθιμένουε. κείνων ἔραμαι, | κεῖν’ ἐπιθυμῶ δώματα ναίειν. 1040 foll. The Chorus, knowing the imminent danger, are impatient of gene- ral reflections. And seeing Menelaus coming, they urge Teucer to break off. 1042. kaxols] Dative of cause. Cp. supr. 955 and note. 1043. &4 ) = ofla δή. Cp. Plat. Phaedr. 244 D, ἀλλὰ μὴν νόσων γε . ., a δὴ παλαιῶν ἐκ μηνιμάτων ποθὲν ἔν τισι τῶν γενῶν.

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1044. στρατοῦ] It must be one of the host, for no one else would venture so near to the Achaean lines. 1c45. §] ‘For whose behalf.’ For this dative of direct reference (Essay on L. § 12. p. 18), cp. especially O. C. 1673, ᾧ Tu τὸν roxd]. πόνον ἔμπεδον εἴχομεν. 1046. Menelaus is a familiar figure in the Trojan camp. 1047. σὲ φωνῶ, k.T.A.] φωνῶ is here used with the construction of ἐννέπω, O. T. 350, ἐννέπω σὲ . . ἐμμένειν. 1048. συγκομίζειν] ‘To bring home’; a metaphor from the harvest-field, the dead body being ‘"like a shock of com.’ Or, to speak more accurately, the same general meaning of the word applies to both cases, without our necessarily sup- po-ing any conscious metaphor. Cp. Eur. H. F. 1422, ἀλλ’ ἐσκόμιζε τέκνα δυσκόμιστα γῇ. 1049. τοσόνδ’ is said ironically. ‘Why

+

+ ΑΙΑΣ. + 93 + +

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+ 1035. + κἀκεῖνον] + Sc. + τὸν + ζωστῆρα. + + 1036. + μὲν + οὖν + evades + a + direct + answer + + to + the + preceding + question. + Any + one + is + + free + to + deny + that + this + is + the + work + of + the + + Erinys + and + of + Hades. + As + for + Teucer, + + he + will + always + refer + every + event + to + a + + Divine + Power. + And + to + what + Powers + + but + these + can + the + present + events + be + re- + + ferred + ? + + 1039. + ἐκεῖνα] + Sc. + ἃ + φίλα + αὐτῷ + τυγχά- + + νει + ὄντα. + For + this + vague + pronoun, + cp. + + Eur. + Alc. + 867, + 8, + ζηλῶ + φθιμένουε. + κείνων + + ἔραμαι, + | + κεῖν’ + ἐπιθυμῶ + δώματα + ναίειν. + + 1040 + foll. + The + Chorus, + knowing + the + + imminent + danger, + are + impatient + of + gene- + + ral + reflections. + And + seeing + Menelaus + + coming, + they + urge + Teucer + to + break + off. + + 1042. + kaxols] + Dative + of + cause. + Cp. + + supr. + 955 + and + note. + + 1043. + &4 + ) + = + ofla + δή. + Cp. + Plat. + + Phaedr. + 244 + D, + ἀλλὰ + μὴν + νόσων + γε + . + ., + + a + δὴ + παλαιῶν + ἐκ + μηνιμάτων + ποθὲν + ἔν + τισι + + τῶν + γενῶν. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 1044. + στρατοῦ] + It + must + be + one + of + + the + host, + for + no + one + else + would + venture + + so + near + to + the + Achaean + lines. + + 1c45. + §] + ‘For + whose + behalf.’ + For + + this + dative + of + direct + reference + (Essay + on + + L. + § + 12. + p. + 18), + cp. + especially + O. + C. + + 1673, + ᾧ + Tu + τὸν + roxd]. + πόνον + ἔμπεδον + + εἴχομεν. + + 1046. + Menelaus + is + a + familiar + figure + + in + the + Trojan + camp. + + 1047. + σὲ + φωνῶ, + k.T.A.] + φωνῶ + is + here + + used + with + the + construction + of + ἐννέπω, + + O. + T. + 350, + ἐννέπω + σὲ + . + . + ἐμμένειν. + + 1048. + συγκομίζειν] + ‘To + bring + home’; + + a + metaphor + from + the + harvest-field, + the + + dead + body + being + ‘"like + a + shock + of + com.’ + + Or, + to + speak + more + accurately, + the + same + + general + meaning + of + the + word + applies + to + + both + cases, + without + our + necessarily + sup- + + po-ing + any + conscious + metaphor. + Cp. + + Eur. + H. + F. + 1422, + ἀλλ’ + ἐσκόμιζε + τέκνα + + δυσκόμιστα + γῇ. + + 1049. + τοσόνδ’ + is + said + ironically. + ‘Why + +

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2 ’ 2 2 δ’ ’ ~ δοκοῦντ’ ἐμοί, δοκοῦντα δ’ ὃς κραίνει στρατοῦ. ME. οὔκουν ἂν εἴποις ἥντιν’ αἰτίαν προθείς ; » 27. 57 TEY. ὁθούνεκ’ αὐτὸν ἐλπίσαντες οἴκοθεν . ME. ἄγειν Ἀχαιοῖς ξύμμακόν τε καὶ φίλον, ἐξεύρομεν ζητοῦντες ἐχθίω Φρυγῶν· 2 2 G z ὅστις στρατῷ ξύμπαντι βουλεύσας φόνον ’ ’. νύκτωρ ἐπεστράτευσεν, ὡς ἕλοι δορί — ~ 4 κεἰ μὴ θεῶν τις τήνδε πεῖραν ἔσβεσεν, ἡμεῖς μὲν ἂν τήνδ’, ἣν ὅδ’ εἴληχεν τύχην, z θανόντες dv προὐκείμεθ’ aloxtore μόρῳ, νῦν δ’ ἐνήλλαξεν θεὸς οὗτος δ’ ἂν ἔζη. τὴν τοῦδ’ ὕβριν πρὸς μῆλα καὶ ποίμνας πεσεῖν. Ζ ὧν οὕνεκ’ αὐτὸν οὔτις ἔστ’ ἀνὴρ σθένων τοσοῦτον ὥστε σῶμα τυμβεῦσαι τάφῳ· ἀλλ’ ἀμφὶ χλωρὰν ψάμαθον ἐκβεβλημένος

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1053. ἄγειν] ἄγειν C2. ἄγειν (γρ. ἄξειν) Τ. ἄξειν 1051. προθείς] προσθείς A. 1056. ὡς ἕλοι dopi] Ip. ὡσ ἐκχοιδόρει C &s ἕλοι δορί PaL. Vat. ac. ὡς ἐλοι Pal. 1059. ἂν] om. 1058. εἴληχεν] εἴληχε LAT Pal. δόρει (γρ. ὡς ἔλοι δόρι) P. ; V 1063. τοσοῦ- L. add. C2 Pal. προὐκείμεθ’] προυκείμεθ’ L. προὐκείμεθ’ Pal. τον] τοιοῦτον LA. (ρ. τοσουτον A p.m.)

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hast thou wasted so many words-few as they were ?’ 1050. δοικοῦντα (neut. pl.) is governed by eimov, understood from ἀνήλωσας Abyov. The participle gives the reason, i.e. did τὸ δοκεῖν, "The cause is in my will.’ For the ellipse of the antecedent to ὅς, cp. especially Trach. 1233, ris γάρ ποθ’, ἥ μοῖ, k. T. 1051. προθείς Sc. κελεύεις ταῦτα, again ‘understood " from the preceding lines. Cp. especially O. T. 1154, 5. οὐχ ὡς τάχος Tis τοῦδ’ ἀποστρέψει χέρας; ΘΕ. δύστηνος, ἀντὶ τοῦ; TL προσχρῄζων μαθεῖν; 1054. ζητοῦντες] i.e. ἐξετάζοντες, ‘In the trial’ 1057. τήνδε πεῖραν ἔσβεσεν] For this metaphorical use of σβεννύω, cp. Heracl. fr. 103, ed. Bywater, ὕβριν χρὴ σθεννύειν, μᾶλλον ἢ πυρκαϊήν. 1058. τήνδ’, fiv. . τύχην] The govern- ing word Aaxdvres is absorbed, leaving τήνδε (τύγην) as an accusative in appo- sition with the sentence. 1059. θανόντες ἂν προὐκείμεθα] We

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should have died and been cast forth. In order to justify his own violence, Menelaus imagines Ajax (if successful) as usurping the command of the army, and forbidding the burial of the generals whom he had slain. 1061. πεσεῖν] An epexegetic infini- tive, completing the imperfect construc- tion of mpds μῆλα, k.TA. By a slight inversion the insult (ipw), instead of the objects of the insult, is put into the accusative aſter ἐνήλλαξεν. The mean- ing is that some divine power (which the spectator knows to be Athena’s) exchanged one victim of Ajax’ fury for another. 1062. σῶμα τυμβεῦσαι τάφῳ] ‘To give his corpse the honours of a tomb.’ See Essay on L. § 17. p. 25 c; also ibid. § 16. p. 23 b. Menelaus dwells with mocking iteration upon the privi- lege which he denies. 1064. Gudl.. BePruvs] ‘Cast forth here or there on the humid sand.’ The vague ἀμφί implies ‘ casually here or there, as carried by the waves.7 Cp.

+

+ 2 + ’ + 2 + 2 + δ’ + ’ + ~ + + δοκοῦντ’ + ἐμοί, + δοκοῦντα + δ’ + ὃς + κραίνει + στρατοῦ. + + ME. + + οὔκουν + ἂν + εἴποις + ἥντιν’ + αἰτίαν + προθείς + ; + + » + 27. + 57 + + TEY. + + ὁθούνεκ’ + αὐτὸν + ἐλπίσαντες + οἴκοθεν + + . + + ME. + + ἄγειν + Ἀχαιοῖς + ξύμμακόν + τε + καὶ + φίλον, + + ἐξεύρομεν + ζητοῦντες + ἐχθίω + Φρυγῶν· + + 2 + 2 + G + z + + ὅστις + στρατῷ + ξύμπαντι + βουλεύσας + φόνον + + ’ + ’. + + νύκτωρ + ἐπεστράτευσεν, + ὡς + ἕλοι + δορί + + — + ~ + 4 + + κεἰ + μὴ + θεῶν + τις + τήνδε + πεῖραν + ἔσβεσεν, + + ἡμεῖς + μὲν + ἂν + τήνδ’, + ἣν + ὅδ’ + εἴληχεν + τύχην, + + z + + θανόντες + dv + προὐκείμεθ’ + aloxtore + μόρῳ, + + νῦν + δ’ + ἐνήλλαξεν + θεὸς + + οὗτος + δ’ + ἂν + ἔζη. + + τὴν + τοῦδ’ + ὕβριν + πρὸς + μῆλα + καὶ + ποίμνας + πεσεῖν. + + Ζ + + ὧν + οὕνεκ’ + αὐτὸν + οὔτις + ἔστ’ + ἀνὴρ + σθένων + + τοσοῦτον + ὥστε + σῶμα + τυμβεῦσαι + τάφῳ· + + ἀλλ’ + ἀμφὶ + χλωρὰν + ψάμαθον + ἐκβεβλημένος + +

+

+ £ + +

+ Critical Apparatus +

+ 1053. + ἄγειν] + ἄγειν + C2. + ἄγειν + (γρ. + ἄξειν) + Τ. + ἄξειν + + 1051. + προθείς] + προσθείς + A. + + 1056. + ὡς + ἕλοι + dopi] + Ip. + ὡσ + ἐκχοιδόρει + C + &s + ἕλοι + δορί + PaL. + Vat. + ac. + ὡς + ἐλοι + + Pal. + + 1059. + ἂν] + om. + + 1058. + εἴληχεν] + εἴληχε + LAT + Pal. + + δόρει + (γρ. + ὡς + ἔλοι + δόρι) + P. + + ; + V + + 1063. + τοσοῦ- + + L. + add. + C2 + Pal. + προὐκείμεθ’] + προυκείμεθ’ + L. + προὐκείμεθ’ + Pal. + + τον] + τοιοῦτον + LA. + + (ρ. + τοσουτον + A + p.m.) + +

+ Commentary +

+ hast + thou + wasted + so + many + words-few + + as + they + were + ?’ + + 1050. + δοικοῦντα + (neut. + pl.) + is + governed + + by + eimov, + understood + from + ἀνήλωσας + + Abyov. + The + participle + gives + the + reason, + + i.e. + did + τὸ + δοκεῖν, + "The + cause + is + in + my + + will.’ + For + the + ellipse + of + the + antecedent + + to + ὅς, + cp. + especially + Trach. + 1233, + ris + + γάρ + ποθ’, + ἥ + μοῖ, + k. + T. + + 1051. + προθείς + Sc. + κελεύεις + ταῦτα, + + again + ‘understood + " + from + the + preceding + + lines. + Cp. + especially + O. + T. + 1154, + 5. + + οὐχ + ὡς + τάχος + Tis + τοῦδ’ + ἀποστρέψει + χέρας; + + ΘΕ. + δύστηνος, + ἀντὶ + τοῦ; + TL + προσχρῄζων + + μαθεῖν; + + 1054. + ζητοῦντες] + i.e. + ἐξετάζοντες, + ‘In + + the + trial’ + + 1057. + τήνδε + πεῖραν + ἔσβεσεν] + For + + this + metaphorical + use + of + σβεννύω, + cp. + + Heracl. + fr. + 103, + ed. + Bywater, + ὕβριν + χρὴ + + σθεννύειν, + μᾶλλον + ἢ + πυρκαϊήν. + + 1058. + τήνδ’, + fiv. + . + τύχην] + The + govern- + + ing + word + Aaxdvres + is + absorbed, + leaving + + τήνδε + (τύγην) + as + an + accusative + in + appo- + + sition + with + the + sentence. + + 1059. + θανόντες + ἂν + προὐκείμεθα] + We + +

+ Commentary +

+ should + have + died + and + been + cast + forth. + + In + order + to + justify + his + own + violence, + + Menelaus + imagines + Ajax + (if + successful) + + as + usurping + the + command + of + the + army, + + and + forbidding + the + burial + of + the + generals + + whom + he + had + slain. + + 1061. + πεσεῖν] + An + epexegetic + infini- + + tive, + completing + the + imperfect + construc- + + tion + of + mpds + μῆλα, + k.TA. + By + a + slight + + inversion + the + insult + (ipw), + instead + of + + the + objects + of + the + insult, + is + put + into + the + + accusative + aſter + ἐνήλλαξεν. + The + mean- + + ing + is + that + some + divine + power + (which + + the + spectator + knows + to + be + Athena’s) + + exchanged + one + victim + of + Ajax’ + fury + for + + another. + + 1062. + σῶμα + τυμβεῦσαι + τάφῳ] + ‘To + + give + his + corpse + the + honours + of + a + tomb.’ + + See + Essay + on + L. + § + 17. + p. + 25 + c; + also + + ibid. + § + 16. + p. + 23 + b. + Menelaus + dwells + + with + mocking + iteration + upon + the + privi- + + lege + which + he + denies. + + 1064. + Gudl.. + BePruvs] + ‘Cast + + forth + here + or + there + on + the + humid + sand.’ + + The + vague + ἀμφί + implies + ‘ + casually + here + + or + there, + as + carried + by + the + waves.7 + Cp. + +

-

Aesch. Pers. 576, 7. κναπτόμενοι δ’ ἁλὶ δεινὰ σκύλλονται πρὸς ἀναύδων | παίδων τῆς ἀμιάντου. χλωράν probably here refers not to colour but to moisture, i.e. that part of the sands which the sea has moistened. So in Trach. 849, xAwpdv. . δακρύων ἄχναν, ‘moist dew of tears.’ 1066. μηδὲν . . μένο5] ‘By no means let thy spirit rise threateningly.’ μηδέν is adverbial, and δεινόν predicative. 1069. mapeubivovTes] ‘Keeping him in order.’ Cp. supr. 72, arev6vorra, and note. The composition with rapd. suggests the image of a slave-driver walking beside a gang of slaves and keeping them in line. i069, 70. i.e. "I knew him too well in life to suppose that he will listen to reason.’ Such appears to be the force of the opposition between xepctv and λόγων here. This, said of the dead man, of course conveys the acme of brutal scorn. Cp. Shakespeare, Hamlet, 3. 4, "Indeed, this counsellor | Is now most still, most secret, and most grave.’ For ὅπου, transferred from place to occasion, cp. infr. 1100. 1071. dvBpa is almost a pronoun

-

(Essay on L. § 22. p. 37, 5), and hence the repetition is not felt. ‘It is vile conduct, for one of the people to disobey. The γνώμη is ſirst stated as applicable to a city, and then in 1075 applied (with the emphatic ye) to the case of an army. 1073-6. ‘As in a city the laws can- not have due course if there be no es- tablished fear, so neither can a whole army be wisely disciplined without some safeguard of respect and awe.’ For καλῶς φέροιντ’ dv, cp. Thuc. 5. 16, εὖ φερόμενος ἐν στρατήγίαις; ib. 2. 60, καλῶς φερόμενος . τὸ καθ’ ἑαυτόν. 1075. ἄρχουτ’ is a late correction in L2 for dyoir’ ? ‘Any longer;’ i.e. When once respect is lost, good conduct is at an end. 1077. κἂν σῶμα γεννήσῃ μέγα] Though he be owner (lit. parent) of a mighty frame.’ This is a bold ex- tension of the idiom by which uncon- scious and mechanical actions are at- tributed to the subject, and one is said φῦσαι ὀδόντας, ‘To have grown teeth, etc. See Essay on L. § 30. p. 52 d; and cp. especially O. C. 149, 50, ἀλαῶν

+

+ ΑΙΣ. + 05 + +

+

+ ὄρνισι + φορβὴ + παραλίοις + γενήσεται. + +

+

+ 1065 + +

+

+ πρὸς + ταῦτα + μηδὲν + δεινὸν + ἐξάρῃς + μένος. + +

+

+ εἰ + γὰρ + βλέποντος + μὴ + ’δυνήθημεν + κρατεῖν, + +

+

+ πάντως + θανόντος + γ’ + ἄρξομεν, + κἂν + μὴ + θέλῃς + +

+

+ 2 + +

+

+ xepolv + παρευθύνοντες. + οὐ + γὰρ + ἔσθ’ + ὅπου + +

+

+ 8 + +

+

+ λόγων + γ’ + ἀκοῦσαι + ζῶν + ποτ’ + ἠθέλησ’ + ἐμῶν. + +

+

+ 2 + ~ + +

+

+ 1070 + +

+

+ καίτοι + κακοῦ + πρὸς + ἀνδρὸς + ἄνδρα + δημότην + +

+

+ μηδὲν + δικαιοῦν + τῶν + ἐφεστώτων + κλύειν. + +

+

+ οὐ + ydp + ποτ’ + οὔτ’ + dv + ἐν + πόλει + νόμοι + καλῶς + +

+

+ r + 4 + 2 + +

+

+ φέροιντ’ + ἄν, + ἔνθα + μὴ + καθεστήκῃ + δέος, + +

+

+ οὔτ’ + ἂν + στρατός + γε + σωφρόνως + ἄρχοιτ’ + ἔτι + +

+

+ 3 + +

+

+ 1075 + +

+

+ μηδὲν + φόβου + πρόβλημα + μηδ’ + αἰδοῦς + ἔχων. + +

+

+ ἀλλ’ + ἄνδρα + χρή, + κἀν + σῶμα + γεννήσῃ + μέγα, + +

+

+ 1065. + παραλίοις] + πα(ρ)ραλίοις + L. + +

+

+ παραλίοις + A. + +

+

+ 1066. + ἐξάρῃς] + ἐξάιρηις + L. + +

+

+ ἐξάρης + A. + +

+

+ 1070. + λόγων + γ] + λόγωντ’ + LTL + Pal. + +

+

+ ἠθέλησ’] + εἰθέληϊσ + 1..ἠθέλησ’ + Cs. + +

+

+ 1074. + καθεστήκη] + καθεστήκηϊ + (7 + from + ει) + L. + +

+

+ καθεστήκοι + A. + pm. + καθεστήκέι + Pal. + +

+

+ 1075. + ἄρχοιτ’] + ἄχοιτ’ + L. + ἄχοιτ’ + C + ἄρχοιτ’ + ACT. + ἄρχοιτ’ + L. + +

+ Commentary +

+ κναπτόμενοι + δ’ + ἁλὶ + + δεινὰ + σκύλλονται + πρὸς + ἀναύδων + | + παίδων + + τῆς + ἀμιάντου. + + χλωράν + probably + here + refers + not + to + + colour + but + to + moisture, + i.e. + that + part + of + + the + sands + which + the + sea + has + moistened. + + So + in + xAwpdv. + . + δακρύων + + ἄχναν, + ‘moist + dew + of + tears.’ + + 1066. + μηδὲν + . + . + μένο5] + ‘By + no + means + + let + thy + spirit + rise + threateningly.’ + μηδέν + + is + adverbial, + and + δεινόν + predicative. + + 1069. + mapeubivovTes] + ‘Keeping + him + + in + order.’ + Cp. + supr. + 72, + arev6vorra, + + and + note. + The + composition + with + rapd. + + suggests + the + image + of + a + slave-driver + + walking + beside + a + gang + of + slaves + and + + keeping + them + in + line. + + i069, + 70. + i.e. + "I + knew + him + too + well + + in + life + to + suppose + that + he + will + listen + to + + reason.’ + Such + appears + to + be + the + force + of + + the + opposition + between + xepctv + and + λόγων + + here. + This, + said + of + the + dead + man, + of + + course + conveys + the + acme + of + brutal + scorn. + + Cp. + Shakespeare, + Hamlet, + 3. + 4, + "Indeed, + + this + counsellor + | + Is + now + most + still, + most + + secret, + and + most + grave.’ + For + ὅπου, + + transferred + from + place + to + occasion, + cp. + + infr. + 1100. + + 1071. + dvBpa + is + almost + a + pronoun + +

+ Commentary +

+ (Essay + on + L. + § + 22. + p. + 37, + 5), + and + hence + + the + repetition + is + not + felt. + ‘It + is + vile + + conduct, + for + one + of + the + people + to + disobey. + + The + γνώμη + is + ſirst + stated + as + applicable + + to + a + city, + and + then + in + 1075 + applied + + (with + the + emphatic + ye) + to + the + case + of + + an + army. + + 1073-6. + ‘As + in + a + city + the + laws + can- + + not + have + due + course + if + there + be + no + es- + + tablished + fear, + so + neither + can + a + whole + + army + be + wisely + disciplined + without + some + + safeguard + of + respect + and + awe.’ + For + + καλῶς + φέροιντ’ + dv, + cp. + Thuc. + 5. + 16, + εὖ + + φερόμενος + ἐν + στρατήγίαις; + ib. + 2. + 60, + + καλῶς + φερόμενος + . + τὸ + καθ’ + ἑαυτόν. + + 1075. + ἄρχουτ’ + is + a + late + correction + in + + L2 + for + dyoir’ + ? + + ‘Any + longer;’ + i.e. + When + once + + respect + is + lost, + good + conduct + is + at + an + + end. + + 1077. + κἂν + σῶμα + γεννήσῃ + μέγα] + + Though + he + be + owner + (lit. + parent) + of + + a + mighty + frame.’ + This + is + a + bold + ex- + + tension + of + the + idiom + by + which + uncon- + + scious + and + mechanical + actions + are + at- + + tributed + to + the + subject, + and + one + is + said + + φῦσαι + ὀδόντας, + ‘To + have + grown + teeth, + + etc. + See + Essay + on + L. + § + 30. + p. + 52 + d; + + and + cp. + especially + ἀλαῶν + +

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ὀμμάτων .. φυτάλμισς, and note. Mene- laus insinuates that the bulky frame of Ajax was his chief qualification. 1079. Cp. Thue. 2. 37. § 4, διὰ δέος .. od παρανομοῦμεν; ib. 43. § I, τολ- μῶντες καὶ γιγνώσκοντες τὰ δέοντα καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις αἰσχυνόμενοι. 1081, 2. 4mev.. ταύτην] For this correlation, cp. supr. 496, 7, εἰ ydp 64- νῃς TaTy . TH τόθ’ ἡμέρᾳ. & βούλεται] Sc. τις. 1083. ἐξ οὐρίων δραμοῦσαν] "Must lose her fair course and founder in the deep.’ The aorist denotes what is cer- tain in the future, as in Aesch. Prom. 667, 8, πυρωπὸν ἐκ Διὸς μολεῖν | κεραυ- vbv. ἐξ οὐρίων (neut. pl.) ἐκ τοῦ οὐρίου δρόμου, just as οὔρια θεῖν 15 pr δρόμον θεῖν (L. and S. s. v. οὔριος, 1 1). p. Aesch. Prom. 883, ἔξω δὲ δρόμου φέρομαι | λύσσης πνεύματι μάργῳ ; Pind. Pyth. 11. 60, ἤ μέ ris ἄνεμος ἔξω πλόου | ἔβαλεν, ὡς ὅτ’ ἄκατον εἰναλίαν. It 15 true that, as Lobeck remarks, ἐξ οὐρίων, sc. πνευμάτων, is used by late writers as equivalent to ἐξ οὐρίας, sc. wons,—" With a fair wind.’ But what meaning can be attached to this phrase here2 ‘ill run a straight course to the bottom ? or, ‘Will have a fair voyage, and then sink’? The former is nonsensical, and in the latter the oxymoron has no such point as in O. T. 423, dvopuov εἰσέ- πλευσας, εὐπλοίας ruxdw. Or, if it is proposed to render, "After once hav- ing had prosperity, will run on and

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founder in the depths,’ the introduc- tion of the participle is inconsistent with this use of ἐξ, for which, how- ever, cp. Thuc. 1. 120, ἐξ εἰρήνης πο- λεμεῖν. 1084. Lobeck says on this verse, Perquam apte hoc Menelaus dicit ex Spartanorum institutis, qui Timoris aedem consecraverunt juxta triclinium Ephororum, τὴν πολιτείαν μάλιστα συνέ- χέσθαι φόβῳ νομίζοντες, Plutarch. V. Cleom. c. 9. 8ο8 D.’ The words of Pericles in Thuc. 2. 37 (quoted on 1. 1079, supr.), would rather show that this part of Menelaus’ speech reflects the feelings of the ‘"party of order at Athens. The coryphaeus (infr. 1091) approves of the general tenor of the speech. For ἑστἄτω, of a fixed senti- ment, cp. Thuc. 3. 9, τὸ .. καθεστός. 1085. δρῶντες ἂν ἡδώμεθα] Sc. δρῶντές. 1086. ἂν λυπώμεθα] Sc. ἀποτίνοντες. For the mood, which is here partly due to the parallelism of ἡδώμεθα, cp. O. C. 190 (according to one reading), ἵν’ ἂν εἴπωμέν, It may be explained as an instance of prolepsis, a consequence being treated as a condition. The first person is idiomatic, i.e. ‘Let not men think.’ 1087. ταῦτα] τὸ ἥδεσθαι καὶ τὸ τίνειν, These things go by turns,’ie. pleasure brings pain. In the following lines he returns from general reflections to the case in point.

+

+ 96 + +

+

+ ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

+

+ δοκεῖν + πεσεῖν + dv + κἂν + ἀπὸ + σμικροῦ + κακοῦ. + +

+

+ ᾧ + πρόσεστιν + +

+

+ αἰσχύνη + & + ὁμοῦ, + +

+

+ 4 + 2 + +

+

+ δέος + γὰρ + +

+

+ a + +

+

+ 2. + ’ + δ’ + +

+

+ ἐπίστασο· + 1080 + +

+

+ σωτηρίαν + έχοντα + TOU + +

+

+ ὅπου + δ’ + ὑβρίζειν + δρᾶν + O + ἃ + βούλεται + παρῇ, + +

+

+ ταύτην + νόμιζε + Thy + πόλιν + χρόνῳ + ποτὲ + +

+

+ Ζ + X + +

+

+ ἐξ + οὐρίων + δραμοῦσαν + εἰς + βυθὸν + πεσεῖν. + +

+

+ ἀλλ’ + ἑστάτω + μοι + καὶ + δέος + τι + καίριον, + +

+

+ καὶ + μὴ + δοκῶμεν + δρῶντες + ἂν + ἡδώμεθα + +

+

+ 1085 + +

+

+ οὐκ + ἀντιτίσειν + αὖθις + ἂν + λυπώμεθα. + +

+

+ ἕρπει + παραλλὰξ + ταῦτα. + +

+

+ πρόσθεν + o5ros + ἦν + +

+

+ αἴθων + ὑβριστής, + νῦν + δ’ + ἐγὼ + μέγ’ + αὖ + φρονῶ. + +

+

+ 8 + 2 + . + 3 + ~ + +

+

+ [135. + +

+

+ 1081. + παρῇ] + παρῆι + L. + πάρα + Ασ + mg. + +

+

+ 7 + 7 + I. + 1085. + dv] + 4v + Vat. + ac. + VM. + +

+

+ ἂν + LVM. + 1086. + ἅν] + . + ἂν + (κἂν + 9) + L. + +

+

+ av + CAvM. + ἂν + PrVM2. + &’v + Vat. + ac. + +

+ Commentary +

+ ὀμμάτων + .. + φυτάλμισς, + and + note. + Mene- + + laus + insinuates + that + the + bulky + frame + of + + Ajax + was + his + chief + qualification. + + 1079. + Cp. + Thue. + 2. + 37. + § + 4, + διὰ + + δέος + .. + od + παρανομοῦμεν; + ib. + 43. + § + I, + τολ- + + μῶντες + καὶ + γιγνώσκοντες + τὰ + δέοντα + καὶ + + ἐν + τοῖς + ἔργοις + αἰσχυνόμενοι. + + 1081, + 2. + 4mev.. + ταύτην] + For + this + + correlation, + cp. + supr. + 496, + 7, + εἰ + ydp + 64- + + νῃς + TaTy + . + TH + τόθ’ + ἡμέρᾳ. + + & + βούλεται] + Sc. + τις. + + 1083. + ἐξ + οὐρίων + δραμοῦσαν] + "Must + + lose + her + fair + course + and + founder + in + the + + deep.’ + The + aorist + denotes + what + is + cer- + + tain + in + the + future, + as + in + Aesch. + Prom. + + 667, + 8, + πυρωπὸν + ἐκ + Διὸς + μολεῖν + | + κεραυ- + + vbv. + ἐξ + οὐρίων + (neut. + pl.) + ἐκ + τοῦ + οὐρίου + + δρόμου, + just + as + οὔρια + θεῖν + 15 + pr + δρόμον + + θεῖν + (L. + and + S. + s. + v. + οὔριος, + 1 + 1). + p. + + Aesch. + Prom. + 883, + ἔξω + δὲ + δρόμου + + φέρομαι + | + λύσσης + πνεύματι + μάργῳ + ; + Pind. + + Pyth. + 11. + 60, + ἤ + μέ + ris + ἄνεμος + ἔξω + πλόου + | + + ἔβαλεν, + ὡς + ὅτ’ + ἄκατον + εἰναλίαν. + It + 15 + + true + that, + as + Lobeck + remarks, + ἐξ + οὐρίων, + + sc. + πνευμάτων, + is + used + by + late + writers + as + + equivalent + to + ἐξ + οὐρίας, + sc. + wons,—" + With + + a + fair + wind.’ + But + what + meaning + can + be + + attached + to + this + phrase + here2 + ‘ill + + run + a + straight + course + to + the + bottom + ? + + or, + ‘Will + have + a + fair + voyage, + and + then + + sink’? + The + former + is + nonsensical, + and + + in + the + latter + the + oxymoron + has + no + such + + point + as + in + O. + T. + 423, + dvopuov + εἰσέ- + + πλευσας, + εὐπλοίας + ruxdw. + Or, + if + it + is + + proposed + to + render, + "After + once + hav- + + ing + had + prosperity, + will + run + on + and + +

+ Commentary +

+ founder + in + the + depths,’ + the + introduc- + + tion + of + the + participle + is + inconsistent + + with + this + use + of + ἐξ, + for + which, + how- + + ever, + cp. + Thuc. + 1. + 120, + ἐξ + εἰρήνης + πο- + + λεμεῖν. + + 1084. + Lobeck + says + on + this + verse, + + Perquam + apte + hoc + Menelaus + dicit + ex + + Spartanorum + institutis, + qui + Timoris + + aedem + consecraverunt + juxta + triclinium + + Ephororum, + τὴν + πολιτείαν + μάλιστα + συνέ- + + χέσθαι + φόβῳ + νομίζοντες, + Plutarch. + V. + + Cleom. + c. + 9. + 8ο8 + D.’ + The + words + of + + Pericles + in + Thuc. + 2. + 37 + (quoted + on + 1. + + 1079, + supr.), + would + rather + show + that + + this + part + of + Menelaus’ + speech + reflects + + the + feelings + of + the + ‘"party + of + order + at + + Athens. + The + coryphaeus + (infr. + 1091) + + approves + of + the + general + tenor + of + the + + speech. + For + ἑστἄτω, + of + a + fixed + senti- + + ment, + cp. + Thuc. + 3. + 9, + τὸ + .. + καθεστός. + + 1085. + δρῶντες + ἂν + ἡδώμεθα] + Sc. + + δρῶντές. + + 1086. + ἂν + λυπώμεθα] + Sc. + ἀποτίνοντες. + + For + the + mood, + which + is + here + partly + + due + to + the + parallelism + of + ἡδώμεθα, + cp. + + O. + C. + 190 + (according + to + one + reading), + + ἵν’ + ἂν + εἴπωμέν, + It + may + be + explained + as + + an + instance + of + prolepsis, + a + consequence + + being + treated + as + a + condition. + The + first + + person + is + idiomatic, + i.e. + ‘Let + not + men + + think.’ + + 1087. + ταῦτα] + τὸ + ἥδεσθαι + καὶ + τὸ + τίνειν, + + These + things + go + by + turns,’ie. + pleasure + + brings + pain. + In + the + following + lines + he + + returns + from + general + reflections + to + the + + case + in + point. + +

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καί σοι προφωνῶ τόνδε μὴ θάπτειν, ὅπως μὴ τόνδε θάπτων αὐτὸς εἰς ταφὰς πέσῃς. ΧΟ. ΛΜενέλαε, μὴ γνώμας ὑποστήσας copas 2 2 εἶτ’ avrds ἐν θανοῦσιν ὑβριστὴς γένῃ. TEY. οὐκ dv ποτ’, dvòpes, ἄνδρα θαυμάσαιμ’ ἔτι, 2 1 2 A 8 X - ὃς μηδὲν v yovalow εἶδ’ auaprdver, di — 2 ὅθ’ οἱ δοκοῦντες εὐγενεῖς πεφυκέναι τοιαῦθ’ ἁμαρτάνουσιν ἐν λόγοις ἔπη. .. ; ; a ; ἄγ’, dm ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς αὖθις, ov φὴς ἄγειν ἄνδρ’ Ἀχαιοῖς δεῦρο σύμμαχον λαβών; τὸν E 22. 3 a 2 αὐτὸς ἐξέπλευσεν ὡς αὑτοῦ κρατῶν; οὐκ : 7. 2 2 2 σὺ στρατηγεῖς τοῦδε; ποῦ δέ σοι Aedv ποῦ 2 [ 1 7 ἔξεστ’ ἀνάσσειν, ὧν 85 ἡγεῖτ’ οἴκοθεν; Σπάρτης ἀνάσσων ἦλθες, οὐχ ἡμῶν κρατῶν. r xr 1 2 οὐδ’ ἔσθ’ ὅπου σοὶ τόνδε κοσμῆσαι πλέον ἀρχῆς ἔκειτο θεσμὸς ἢ καὶ τῷδε σέ.

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1089. προφωνῶ] προσφωνῶ A. 1090. ταφάς] rapds (τ(ρυ)φασ) L. 1097. εἴπ’] εἰπὲ L. εἴπ’ A. εἶπ’ C. 1099. αὐτοῦ] ἀυτοῦ L. αὐτὸς εἰπ’ I. (vp. abrois) P. κρατῶν] kpardw L. κρατῶν CA. 1100. λεῶν] λαῶν LT. 1101. ἡγαῖτ’] ἡγεῖσθ’ L. ἡγεῖτ’ C2L2 Vat. ac Vs. ifyay Pal. οἴκοθεν] ot.. κοθεν V. 1104. ἢ καὶ τῷδε σέ] ἢ καὶ τῶιδε σέ L. Ip. εἰ καὶ τοῦδέ 1103. σοί] σοι LA. σοι Cmg.

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1091. γνώμας ὑποστήσα5 codhs) After laying a ground-work of wise maxims.’ Cp. Pind. Pyth. 4. 241-3, πραὺν δ’ Ἰάσων | μαλθακᾷ φωνᾷ ποτι- στάζων ὄαρον | βάλλετο κρηπῖδα σοφῶν ἐπέων. This line has no caesura. 1092. ‘Proceed thereupon to be guilty of insolence towards the dead.’ For ἐν θανοῦσιν ὑβριστής, cp. infr. 1315, ἐν ἐμοὶ θρασύς. 1096. τοιαῦθ’ ἁμαρτάνουσιν . . ἔπη] Are guilty of such sinful utterance.’ ἔπη is a cognate accusative similar to infr. 1107, 8, τὰ σέμν’ ἔπη | κόλαζ ἐκείνους. ἐν λόγοις 15 pleonastic, and simply means, ‘When they speak.’ 1097. σύ has a strong emphasis : Do you profess to have brought Ajax hither as an ally to the Achaeans ?’ The word dyew in supr. 1053 was offensive to Teucer. 1100, 1. ποῦ . . οἴκοθεν] ‘Where is your right to command Ajax? or where

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is your authority to lord it over the troops he led from home ?’" The ad- verb of place is transferred to express a logical relation, "Where do you com- mand?’ i.e. ‘Show me the ground on which you do so.’ 1101. The apparent violation of the Porsonic pause in this line may be remedied by reading ἤγαγ’ οἴκοθεν with Pal. (see v. rr.) In that case ὧν is genitive by attraclion, ſor τούτων, οὕς. But just as there are lines without caesura, so there are several instances of this exception to the rule of the cretic. And, as Elmsley suggested, the elision, by forbidding a pause, may have made the exception possible. 1102. This line, like supr. 861, would find an echo in Athenian national sentiment. 1103. οὐδ’ ἔσθ’ ὅπου] Nor is there any ground on which? Cp. supr. J. 1100 and note. 1104. ἀρχῆ5 ἔκευτο Gubs] Right

+

+ καί + σοι + προφωνῶ + τόνδε + μὴ + θάπτειν, + ὅπως + + μὴ + τόνδε + θάπτων + αὐτὸς + εἰς + ταφὰς + πέσῃς. + + ΧΟ. + + ΛΜενέλαε, + μὴ + γνώμας + ὑποστήσας + copas + + 2 + 2 + + εἶτ’ + avrds + ἐν + θανοῦσιν + ὑβριστὴς + γένῃ. + + TEY. + οὐκ + dv + ποτ’, + dvòpes, + ἄνδρα + θαυμάσαιμ’ + ἔτι, + + 2 + 1 + 2 + + A + 8 + X + - + + ὃς + μηδὲν + v + yovalow + εἶδ’ + auaprdver, + + di + — + 2 + + ὅθ’ + οἱ + δοκοῦντες + εὐγενεῖς + πεφυκέναι + + τοιαῦθ’ + ἁμαρτάνουσιν + ἐν + λόγοις + ἔπη. + + .. + + ; + ; + a + ; + + ἄγ’, + dm + ἀπ’ + ἀρχῆς + αὖθις, + ov + φὴς + ἄγειν + + ἄνδρ’ + Ἀχαιοῖς + δεῦρο + σύμμαχον + λαβών; + + τὸν + + E + 22. + 3 + a + 2 + + αὐτὸς + ἐξέπλευσεν + ὡς + αὑτοῦ + κρατῶν; + + οὐκ + + : + 7. + 2 + 2 + 2 + + σὺ + στρατηγεῖς + τοῦδε; + ποῦ + δέ + σοι + Aedv + + ποῦ + + 2 + [ + 1 + 7 + + ἔξεστ’ + ἀνάσσειν, + ὧν + 85 + ἡγεῖτ’ + οἴκοθεν; + + Σπάρτης + ἀνάσσων + ἦλθες, + οὐχ + ἡμῶν + κρατῶν. + + r + xr + 1 + 2 + + οὐδ’ + ἔσθ’ + ὅπου + σοὶ + τόνδε + κοσμῆσαι + πλέον + + ἀρχῆς + ἔκειτο + θεσμὸς + ἢ + καὶ + τῷδε + σέ. + +

+ Critical Apparatus +

+ 1089. + προφωνῶ] + προσφωνῶ + A. + + 1090. + ταφάς] + rapds + (τ(ρυ)φασ) + L. + + 1097. + εἴπ’] + εἰπὲ + L. + εἴπ’ + A. + εἶπ’ + C. + + 1099. + αὐτοῦ] + ἀυτοῦ + L. + αὐτὸς + + εἰπ’ + I. + + (vp. + abrois) + P. + κρατῶν] + kpardw + L. + + κρατῶν + CA. + + 1100. + λεῶν] + λαῶν + LT. + + 1101. + ἡγαῖτ’] + ἡγεῖσθ’ + L. + ἡγεῖτ’ + C2L2 + Vat. + ac + Vs. + ifyay + Pal. + + οἴκοθεν] + ot.. + κοθεν + V. + + 1104. + ἢ + καὶ + τῷδε + σέ] + ἢ + καὶ + τῶιδε + σέ + L. + Ip. + εἰ + καὶ + τοῦδέ + + 1103. + σοί] + σοι + LA. + + σοι + Cmg. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 1091. + γνώμας + ὑποστήσα5 + codhs) + + After + laying + a + ground-work + of + wise + + maxims.’ + Cp. + Pind. + Pyth. + 4. + 241-3, + + πραὺν + δ’ + Ἰάσων + | + μαλθακᾷ + φωνᾷ + ποτι- + + στάζων + ὄαρον + | + βάλλετο + κρηπῖδα + σοφῶν + + ἐπέων. + This + line + has + no + caesura. + + 1092. + ‘Proceed + thereupon + to + be + guilty + + of + insolence + towards + the + dead.’ + For + + ἐν + θανοῦσιν + ὑβριστής, + cp. + infr. + 1315, + ἐν + + ἐμοὶ + θρασύς. + + 1096. + τοιαῦθ’ + ἁμαρτάνουσιν + . + . + ἔπη] + + Are + guilty + of + such + sinful + utterance.’ + + ἔπη + is + a + cognate + accusative + similar + to + + infr. + 1107, + 8, + τὰ + σέμν’ + ἔπη + | + κόλαζ + + ἐκείνους. + + ἐν + λόγοις + 15 + pleonastic, + and + simply + + means, + ‘When + they + speak.’ + + 1097. + σύ + has + a + strong + emphasis + : + + Do + you + profess + to + have + brought + Ajax + + hither + as + an + ally + to + the + Achaeans + ?’ + + The + word + dyew + in + supr. + 1053 + was + + offensive + to + Teucer. + + 1100, + 1. + ποῦ + . + . + οἴκοθεν] + ‘Where + is + + your + right + to + command + Ajax? + or + where + +

+ Commentary +

+ is + your + authority + to + lord + it + over + the + + troops + he + led + from + home + ?’" + The + ad- + + verb + of + place + is + transferred + to + express + + a + logical + relation, + "Where + do + you + com- + + mand?’ + i.e. + ‘Show + me + the + ground + on + + which + you + do + so.’ + + 1101. + The + apparent + violation + of + the + + Porsonic + pause + in + this + line + may + be + + remedied + by + reading + ἤγαγ’ + οἴκοθεν + with + + Pal. + (see + v. + rr.) + In + that + case + ὧν + is + + genitive + by + attraclion, + ſor + τούτων, + οὕς. + + But + just + as + there + are + lines + without + + caesura, + so + there + are + several + instances + + of + this + exception + to + the + rule + of + the + + cretic. + And, + as + Elmsley + suggested, + the + + elision, + by + forbidding + a + pause, + may + + have + made + the + exception + possible. + + 1102. + This + line, + like + supr. + 861, + + would + find + an + echo + in + Athenian + national + + sentiment. + + 1103. + οὐδ’ + ἔσθ’ + ὅπου] + Nor + is + there + + any + ground + on + which? + Cp. + supr. + J. + + 1100 + and + note. + + 1104. + ἀρχῆ5 + ἔκευτο + Gubs] + Right + +

-

of command existed.’ The past tense. refers to the lifetime of Ajax. 1105. ἄλλων] i.e. of Agamemnon. ὅλων may be either masculine or neuter, (1) ‘Of all the troops, or (2) ‘Of the whole expedition.’ Parallels for both are quoted by Lobeck. The first seems the more probable. In this case the plural is equivalent to a collective word, τοῦ ocrparob ὅλου, and this may justify the use of ὅλων for πάντων. 1106. ὥστ’ Alavros ἡγεῖσθαί ποτε] This petulant iteration, however natural, is somewhat beneath the level of tragic dignity which is maintained throughout the earlier part of the play. noré, as in supr. 183, o ποτε, gives absoluteness to the denial. ‘"That could never be 1l’ 1107. ὦνπερ ἄρχειε ἄρχε] ‘Exercise command on those over whom you have command.’ 1108. ετε μὴ O φῇῄ-] 1.ε. εἴτε σὺ μὴ φῇ-. 1110, δικαίω3 Rightly,’ i.e. Abat- ing nothing of what is due to him. 1112. Gowep oĩ πόνου πολλοῦ πλέῳ] Like those poor men who are con- sumed with toil;' ie. the Argive sol- diery, who are subject to the behests of the Atreidae. In pitying the men under their command, Teucer conveys his scorn both of the meanness and the tyrannical disposition of the two gene- rals, and also his pride in the in-

-

dependence shown by Ajax and himself. Cp. IL 9. 348, utv udra πολλὰ πονήσατό νόσφιν ἔμεῖο; supr. 637, πολυ- πόνων Ἀχαιῶν. 1113. Ajax served, not because Helen was Menelaus’ wife, but because of his oath to her father Tyndareus. Cp. Thuc. 1. 9, τοῖς Τυνδάρεω ὅρκοις κατειλημμένους. 1114. σοῦ δ’ οὐδέν] This angry repe- tition (cp. supr. 1106) resumes more explicitly what was implied in σῆς, I r111. οὐ γὰρ .. τοὺς μηδένα-] For ἀξιοῦν with the accusative only, cp. Eur. Heracl. 918 (Iyr.), ὦ Tubvaie, icoobds | παῖδας Ads ἠξίωσας. roðs μηδένας] Not οὐδένας, because the expression is general, ie. hypo- thetical, —et μηδένες εἴησαν. 1115. Menelaus came attended by a single herald. . 1τ116, τὸν στρατηγόν] ‘The general- issimo.’ In supr. i109, to depreciate Agamemnon, Teucer put the two generals on a par : here, to depreciate Menelaus, he makes Agamemnon supreme. τοῦ · σοῦ ψόφου) ‘For any noise of thine.’ Cp. Eur. Hipp. 1224-6, οὔτε ναυκλήροῦ xepòs] οὔθ’ ἱπποδέσμων . . | μεταστρέφούσαι. 1117, οὐκ ἂν στραφείην] ‘ I will not turn this way or that.’ ὡς ἂν g-0lc περ εἶ| ‘However

+

+ 98 + +

+

+ ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

+

+ ὕπαρχος + ἄλκων + δεῦρ’ + ἔπλευσας, + οὐχ + ὅλων + +

+

+ 1105 + +

+

+ στρατηγός, + ὥστ’ + Alavros + ἡγεῖσθαί + ποτε. + +

+

+ ἀλλ’ + ὦνπερ + ἄρχεις + ἄρχε, + καὶ + τὰ + σέμν’ + ἔπη + +

+

+ κόλαζ’ + ἐκείνους· + τόνδε + δ’, + εἴτε + μὴ + σὺ + φῇς + +

+

+ εἴθ’ + drepos + στρατηγός, + εἰς + ταφὰς + ἐγὼ + +

+

+ θήσω + δικαίως, + οὐ + τὸ + σὸν + δείσας + στόμα. + +

+

+ 1110 + +

+

+ οὐ + γάρ + τι + τῆς + σῆς + οὕνεκ’ + ἐστρατεύσατο + +

+

+ γυναικός, + ὥσπερ + οἱ + πόνου + πολλοῦ + πλέῳ, + +

+

+ ἀλλ’ + οὕνεχ’ + ὅρκων + οἶσιν + ἦν + ἐπώμοτος, + +

+

+ σοῦ + δ’ + οὐδέν· + οὐ + γὰρ + ἠξίου + τοὺς + μηδένας. + +

+

+ πρὸς + ταῦτα + πλείους + δεῦρο + κήρυκας + λαβὼν + +

+

+ 1115 + +

+

+ καὶ + τὸν + στρατηγὸν + ἧκε, + τοῦ + δὲ + σοῦ + ψόφου + +

+

+ οὐκ + ἂν + στραφείην, + ὡς + ἂν + 5—œlss + περ + εἶ, + +

+

+ 1113. + ἐπώμοτος] + ἐνώμοτος + AC’ + Vat.c. + γρ. + ἐπώνυμος + Lemg. + +

+

+ 1117. + οὐκ] + +

+

+ οὐκ + L. + +

+ Commentary +

+ of + command + existed.’ + The + past + tense. + + refers + to + the + lifetime + of + Ajax. + + 1105. + ἄλλων] + i.e. + of + Agamemnon. + + ὅλων + may + be + either + masculine + or + neuter, + + (1) + ‘Of + all + the + troops, + or + (2) + ‘Of + the + + whole + expedition.’ + Parallels + for + both + + are + quoted + by + Lobeck. + The + first + seems + + the + more + probable. + In + this + case + the + + plural + is + equivalent + to + a + collective + + word, + τοῦ + ocrparob + ὅλου, + and + this + may + + justify + the + use + of + ὅλων + for + πάντων. + + 1106. + ὥστ’ + Alavros + ἡγεῖσθαί + ποτε] + + This + petulant + iteration, + however + natural, + + is + somewhat + beneath + the + level + of + tragic + + dignity + which + is + maintained + throughout + + the + earlier + part + of + the + play. + noré, + as + in + + supr. + 183, + o + ποτε, + gives + absoluteness + to + + the + denial. + ‘"That + could + never + be + 1l’ + + 1107. + ὦνπερ + ἄρχειε + ἄρχε] + ‘Exercise + + command + on + those + over + whom + you + + have + command.’ + + 1108. + ετε + μὴ + O + φῇῄ-] + 1.ε. + εἴτε + σὺ + + μὴ + φῇ-. + + 1110, + δικαίω3 + Rightly,’ + i.e. + Abat- + + ing + nothing + of + what + is + due + to + him. + + 1112. + Gowep + oĩ + πόνου + πολλοῦ + πλέῳ] + + Like + those + poor + men + who + are + con- + + sumed + with + toil;' + ie. + the + Argive + sol- + + diery, + who + are + subject + to + the + behests + + of + the + Atreidae. + In + pitying + the + men + + under + their + command, + Teucer + conveys + + his + scorn + both + of + the + meanness + and + the + + tyrannical + disposition + of + the + two + gene- + + rals, + and + also + his + pride + in + the + in- + +

+ Commentary +

+ dependence + shown + by + Ajax + and + himself. + + Cp. + IL + 9. + 348, + utv + udra + πολλὰ + + πονήσατό + νόσφιν + ἔμεῖο; + supr. + 637, + πολυ- + + πόνων + Ἀχαιῶν. + + 1113. + Ajax + served, + not + because + + Helen + was + Menelaus’ + wife, + but + because + + of + his + oath + to + her + father + Tyndareus. + + Cp. + Thuc. + 1. + 9, + τοῖς + Τυνδάρεω + ὅρκοις + + κατειλημμένους. + + 1114. + σοῦ + δ’ + οὐδέν] + This + angry + repe- + + tition + (cp. + supr. + 1106) + resumes + more + + explicitly + what + was + implied + in + σῆς, + + I + r111. + + οὐ + γὰρ + .. + τοὺς + μηδένα-] + For + ἀξιοῦν + + with + the + accusative + only, + cp. + Eur. + + Heracl. + 918 + (Iyr.), + ὦ + Tubvaie, + icoobds + | + + παῖδας + Ads + ἠξίωσας. + + roðs + μηδένας] + Not + οὐδένας, + because + + the + expression + is + general, + ie. + hypo- + + thetical, + —et + μηδένες + εἴησαν. + + 1115. + Menelaus + came + attended + by + + a + single + herald. + + . + 1τ116, + τὸν + στρατηγόν] + ‘The + general- + + issimo.’ + In + supr. + i109, + to + depreciate + + Agamemnon, + Teucer + put + the + two + generals + + on + a + par + : + here, + to + depreciate + Menelaus, + + he + makes + Agamemnon + supreme. + + τοῦ + · + σοῦ + ψόφου) + ‘For + any + noise + + of + thine.’ + Cp. + Eur. + Hipp. + 1224-6, + + οὔτε + ναυκλήροῦ + xepòs] + οὔθ’ + ἱπποδέσμων + + . + . + | + μεταστρέφούσαι. + + 1117, + οὐκ + ἂν + στραφείην] + ‘ + I + will + not + + turn + this + way + or + that.’ + + ὡς + ἂν + g-0lc + περ + εἶ| + ‘However + +

-

ΣΩΣ 2 8 2 XO. οὐδ’ αὖ τοιαύτην γλῶσσαν ἐν κακοῖς φιλῶ. A 7 ra σκληρὰ γάρ τοι, κἂν ὑπέρδικ’ ff, δάκνει ME. ‘ Ζ Χ 2 X - τοξότης ἔοικεν οὐ σμικρὸν φρονεῖν. 6 TEY. 2 A z οὐ yap βάναυσον τὴν τέχνην ἐκτησάμην. ME. 2 μέγ’ ἄν τι κομπάσειας, ἀσπίδ’ εἰ λάβοις. TEY. κἂν ψιλὸς ἀρκέσαιμι σοί γ ὡπλισμένῳ. 3 2 z ’ 1 z ME. ἡ γλῶσσά σου τὸν θυμὸν ὡς δεινὸν τρέφει. TEY. z 2 . A ; - E τῷ δικαίῳ γὰρ μέγ’ ἔξεστιν φρονεῖν. ME. M A z δ’ 2 ’. z ixata rap Tor euToxE ΚΤείναντά με; TEY. ’ 7 2 κτείναντα; δεινόν y εἶπας, εἰ kal ( θανών. ME. θεὸς yap ἐκσώζει με, τῷδε & οἴχομαι. 2 3 2 ’ 2 * TEY. μή νυν ἀτίμα θεούς, θεοῖς σεσωσμένος. ME. 2. ἐγὼ γὰρ ἂν ψέξαιμι δαιμόνων vuous ; TEY. εἰ τοὺς θανόντας οὐκ ἐᾷς θάπτειν παρών. ME. τούς γ’ αὐτὸς avro πολεμίους· οὐ γὰρ καλόν. 2

-

XO. οὐδ’] ME. οὐδ’ LAP. Brunck. corr. 1118. 1119. τά] reve. ra LT. Brunck. corr. 1120. σμικρόν] σμικρὰ ACI Pal. μικρὸν (vp. μικρὰ) D. 1123. φιλός] ψιλῶσ L. ψιλὸσ C. 1127.γ] 7 L. VA. 1129. μή νυν1] μὴ νῦν LA. 1131. ἐᾷς] εὰ L edo C? ἐᾷσ C. 1132. αὑτοῦ] αὐτοῦ L. αὑτοῦ AI.

-

you may be—just what you are.’ The sentence ends, παρὰ προσδοκίαν, after leading the hearer to expect some word like βασιλικός (‘However kingly you may be’). Instead of that, Teucer sub- stitutes οἷός περ εἶ, "A man like Mene- laus, and nothing more.’ Cp. Shak. Ham. 3. 2, ‘We shall obey, were she ten times our mother.’ For ὡς dv, see E.on L. § 28. p. 47. 4 a. 1118. οὐδ’ a] The Chorus contrast their present speech with supr. 1091, 2. 1119. ‘For hard words irritate, how- ever deserved they may be.’ 1121. Teucer’s craft in archery was vot that of an ordinary bowman. Cp. Phil. 1056, 7, ἐπεὶ πάρεστι μὲν | Τεῦκρος παρ’ ἡμῖν, τήνδ’ ἐπιστήμην ἔχων. The feeling which gave importance to the science of archery accorded with the original legend. Cp. II. 13. 313, 4; Τεῦκρός θ’ bs ἄριστος Ἀχαιῶν | τοξοσύνῃ. Here, in speaking of what is ἔξω τοῦ piares, contemporary feeling, which held archers cheap, is allowed to have its way. 1123. σοί V ὡπλισμένῳ] Sc. ὥστε ἀντίπαλος εἶναι.

-

1124. ‘What courageous anger lives in thy tongue1’ τὸν Gupubv, sc. ov & τῇ γλώσσῃ ἐνόντα. Cp. Milton, Sam- son Agonistes, 1181, ‘Tongue-doubtie Giant.’ 1126. τόνδ’ εὐτυχεῖν κτείναντά με1 That all should go smoothly with the man here who contrived my death.’ The use of the aorist in this cona- tive sense is a rhetorical exaggeration. The continuous tense is so used in O. C. 992, 3, εἴ τίς σε τὸν δίκαιον αὐτίκ’ ἔνθάδε | κτείνοι παραστάς, κτ.λ., where see note. 1128. τῷδε ð' οἴχομαι] See above, L 970, and note. 1130. ‘Am I the man who would quarrel with divine law ?’ 1131. ‘"If you come and prevent the burial of the dead.’ οὐκ is permissible, because οὐκ s is one word, and the supposition emphati- cally points to the fact, "If, as you do.’ 1132. The use of abrob for ἐμαυτοῦ here is justified by the generality of the expression, — ‘" In the case of one’s enemy.’—and prepares the way for the abstract statement, οὐ γὰρ kaA6v.

+

+ ΣΩΣ + 2 + 8 + 2 + + XO. + οὐδ’ + αὖ + τοιαύτην + γλῶσσαν + ἐν + κακοῖς + φιλῶ. + + A + 7 + + ra + σκληρὰ + γάρ + τοι, + κἂν + ὑπέρδικ’ + ff, + δάκνει + + ME. + + ‘ + + Ζ + Χ + 2 + X + - + + τοξότης + ἔοικεν + οὐ + σμικρὸν + φρονεῖν. + + 6 + + TEY. + + 2 + A + z + + οὐ + yap + βάναυσον + τὴν + τέχνην + ἐκτησάμην. + + ME. + + 2 + + μέγ’ + ἄν + τι + κομπάσειας, + ἀσπίδ’ + εἰ + λάβοις. + + TEY. + + κἂν + ψιλὸς + ἀρκέσαιμι + σοί + γ + ὡπλισμένῳ. + + 3 + 2 + z + ’ + 1 + z + + ME. + + ἡ + γλῶσσά + σου + τὸν + θυμὸν + ὡς + δεινὸν + τρέφει. + + TEY. + + z + 2 + . + A + ; + - + + E + τῷ + δικαίῳ + γὰρ + μέγ’ + ἔξεστιν + φρονεῖν. + + ME. + + M + A + z + δ’ + 2 + ’. + z + + ixata + rap + Tor + euToxE + ΚΤείναντά + με; + + TEY. + + ’ + 7 + 2 + + κτείναντα; + δεινόν + y + εἶπας, + εἰ + kal + ( + θανών. + + ME. + + θεὸς + yap + ἐκσώζει + με, + τῷδε + & + οἴχομαι. + + 2 + 3 + 2 + ’ + 2 + * + + TEY. + + μή + νυν + ἀτίμα + θεούς, + θεοῖς + σεσωσμένος. + + ME. + + 2. + + ἐγὼ + γὰρ + ἂν + ψέξαιμι + δαιμόνων + vuous + ; + + TEY. + + εἰ + τοὺς + θανόντας + οὐκ + ἐᾷς + θάπτειν + παρών. + + ME. + + τούς + γ’ + αὐτὸς + avro + πολεμίους· + οὐ + γὰρ + καλόν. + + 2 + +

+ Critical Apparatus +

+ XO. + οὐδ’] + ME. + οὐδ’ + LAP. + Brunck. + corr. + + 1118. + + 1119. + τά] + reve. + ra + LT. + + Brunck. + corr. + + 1120. + σμικρόν] + σμικρὰ + ACI + Pal. + + μικρὸν + (vp. + μικρὰ) + D. + + 1123. + φιλός] + ψιλῶσ + L. + ψιλὸσ + C. + + 1127.γ] + 7 + L. + + VA. + 1129. + μή + νυν1] + μὴ + + νῦν + LA. + + 1131. + ἐᾷς] + εὰ + L + edo + C? + ἐᾷσ + C. + + 1132. + αὑτοῦ] + αὐτοῦ + L. + αὑτοῦ + AI. + +

+ Commentary +

+ you + may + be—just + what + you + are.’ + The + + sentence + ends, + παρὰ + προσδοκίαν, + after + + leading + the + hearer + to + expect + some + word + + like + βασιλικός + (‘However + kingly + you + + may + be’). + Instead + of + that, + Teucer + sub- + + stitutes + οἷός + περ + εἶ, + "A + man + like + Mene- + + laus, + and + nothing + more.’ + Cp. + Shak. + + Ham. + 3. + 2, + ‘We + shall + obey, + were + she + + ten + times + our + mother.’ + For + ὡς + dv, + see + + E.on + L. + § + 28. + p. + 47. + 4 + a. + + 1118. + οὐδ’ + a] + The + Chorus + contrast + + their + present + speech + with + supr. + 1091, + 2. + + 1119. + ‘For + hard + words + irritate, + how- + + ever + deserved + they + may + be.’ + + 1121. + Teucer’s + craft + in + archery + was + + vot + that + of + an + ordinary + bowman. + Cp. + + Phil. + 1056, + 7, + ἐπεὶ + πάρεστι + μὲν + | + Τεῦκρος + + παρ’ + ἡμῖν, + τήνδ’ + ἐπιστήμην + ἔχων. + The + + feeling + which + gave + importance + to + the + + science + of + archery + accorded + with + the + + original + legend. + Cp. + II. + 13. + 313, + 4; + + Τεῦκρός + θ’ + bs + ἄριστος + Ἀχαιῶν + | + τοξοσύνῃ. + + Here, + in + speaking + of + what + is + ἔξω + τοῦ + + piares, + contemporary + feeling, + which + + held + archers + cheap, + is + allowed + to + have + + its + way. + + 1123. + σοί + V + ὡπλισμένῳ] + Sc. + ὥστε + + ἀντίπαλος + εἶναι. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 1124. + ‘What + courageous + anger + lives + + in + thy + tongue1’ + τὸν + Gupubv, + sc. + ov + & + + τῇ + γλώσσῃ + ἐνόντα. + Cp. + Milton, + Sam- + + son + Agonistes, + 1181, + ‘Tongue-doubtie + + Giant.’ + + 1126. + τόνδ’ + εὐτυχεῖν + κτείναντά + με1 + + That + all + should + go + smoothly + with + the + + man + here + who + contrived + my + death.’ + + The + use + of + the + aorist + in + this + cona- + + tive + sense + is + a + rhetorical + exaggeration. + + The + continuous + tense + is + so + used + in + + O. + C. + 992, + 3, + εἴ + τίς + σε + τὸν + δίκαιον + + αὐτίκ’ + ἔνθάδε + | + κτείνοι + παραστάς, + κτ.λ., + + where + see + note. + + 1128. + τῷδε + ð' + οἴχομαι] + See + above, + + L + 970, + and + note. + + 1130. + ‘Am + I + the + man + who + would + + quarrel + with + divine + law + ?’ + + 1131. + ‘"If + you + come + and + prevent + the + + burial + of + the + dead.’ + + οὐκ + is + permissible, + because + οὐκ + s + is + + one + word, + and + the + supposition + emphati- + + cally + points + to + the + fact, + "If, + as + you + do.’ + + 1132. + The + use + of + abrob + for + ἐμαυτοῦ + + here + is + justified + by + the + generality + of + the + + expression, + — + ‘" + In + the + case + of + one’s + + enemy.’—and + prepares + the + way + for + the + + abstract + statement, + οὐ + γὰρ + kaA6v. + +

-

1133. Menelaus has sought to jus- tify his action by applying to Ajax the word moléduies, which properly applies only to an enemy of the state. But he has not the courage to follow this up by showing that Ajax was a public enemy. 1135. ‘Ves, because you were con- victed of having cheated him by manu- facturing votes.’ 1136. ‘He met with this reverse through the action of the court and not through mine.’ τόδε, sc. 76 σφάλμα. Cp. Pind. Nem. 8. 45, κρυφίαισι γὰρ ἐν ψάφοις Ὀδυσσῆ Aavaol θεράπευσαν· 1137. The gloss on καλῶς, ἀντὶ τοῦ ἐμπείρως, both supports the reading of L pr.. and accounts for the corruption by showing that καλῶς was felt to re- quire explanation. The alliteration of #, A, is perbaps suggestive of wily subtlety. For Καλῶς . . κακά, cp. O. T. 1396, κάλλος κακῶν ὕπουλον. 1138. ‘That speech tends to some one’s hurt.’ For τινί, implying σοί, cp. especially Ant. 751, θανοῦσ Ae τινά. 1139. οὐ μᾶλλον (ἀνίαν ἕξομεν), ἢ λυπήσομεν (σε). ὡς ἔοικεν] The threat of Menelaus,

-

1. 1138, shows that he is stung. 1141. τεθάψεται] The future perfect has a peremptory effect. 1142-58. These two speeches are obviously antiphonal or antistrophic in a general sense, and yet the latter exceeds the former by a line. This may warn us against requiring exact antistrophic correspondence in other iambic passages, where the absence of it has occasioned doubt. 1143. 76 πλεῖν] For the article with the epexegetic infinitive, cp. O. T. 1416, 17, πάρεσθ’ ὅδε | Κρέων τὸ πράσ- σειν καὶ τὸ βουλεύειν. 1144. For dv reduplicated, see Essay on L. 27. p. 46. In the present instance it adds liveliness to φθέγμα, which is to be taken closely with , ie. & φθέγμα γενόμενον ἂν o bw εὗρες. ἐνεῦρες has been conjectured, but this compound is not found elsewhere, and no change is needed. 1146. παρέχειν is used absolutely with dative and infinitive, as frequently in Plato. The expression is proverbial : cp. Plato, Theaet. 191 A, ἐὰν δὲ πάντῃ ἀπορήσωμεν, ταπεινώθέντές, οἶμαι, 79

+

+ 100 + +

+

+ ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

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+ TEY. + 4 + σοὶ + γὰρ + Alas + πολέμιος + προὔστη + ποτέ; + +

+

+ ME. + μισοῦντ’ + ἐμίσει· + καὶ + σὺ + τοῦτ’ + ἠπίστασο. + +

+

+ TEY. + κλέπτης + γὰρ + αὐτοῦ + ψηφοποιὸς + εὑρέθης. + 1135 + +

+

+ ME. + ev + τοῖς + δικασταῖς, + κοὐκ + ἐμοί, + τόδ’ + ἐσφάλη. + [14 + a. + +

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+ TEY. + οὐ + μᾶλλον, + ὡς + ἔοικεν, + ἢ + λυπήσομεν. + +

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+ ME. + & + σοι + φράσω· + τόνδ’ + ἐστὶν + οὐχὶ + θαπτέον. + 1140 + +

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+ TEY. + ἀλλ’ + ἀντακούσει + τοῦτον + ὡς + τεθάψεται. + +

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+ ME. + ἤδη + ποτ’ + εἶδον + ἀνδρ’ + ἐγὰὼ + γλώσσῃ + θρασὺν + +

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+ ναύτας + ἐφορμήσαντα + χειμῶνος + τὸ + πλεῖν, + +

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+ 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + . + +

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+ κούσει] + ἀλλ’ + ἀντακούσηι + LT. + +

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+ σὺ + δ’ + ἀντ’ + A + Pal. + C5 + yp. + interl. + +

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+ τοῦτον + ὡς] + τοῦθ’ + +

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+ ὡσ + Pal. + ὡς + τεθάψεται] + ὡσ + τεθάψεται + CT. + +

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+ 1142. + εἶδον] + ει· + ον + (π, + χ, + οτ + λ7) + L. + +

+

+ εἶδον + C. + 1144. + ἡνίκ’] + ἡνίκ’ + L. + +

+

+ 1145. + εἴχετ’] + εἴχεθ’ + L. + +

+

+ εἴχετ’ + Cea. + +

+ Commentary +

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+ Commentary +

+ 1. + 1138, + shows + that + he + is + stung. + + 1141. + τεθάψεται] + The + future + perfect + + has + a + peremptory + effect. + + 1142-58. + These + two + speeches + are + + obviously + antiphonal + or + antistrophic + in + + a + general + sense, + and + yet + the + latter + + exceeds + the + former + by + a + line. + This + + may + warn + us + against + requiring + exact + + antistrophic + correspondence + in + other + + iambic + passages, + where + the + absence + of + + it + has + occasioned + doubt. + + 1143. + 76 + πλεῖν] + For + the + article + with + + the + epexegetic + infinitive, + cp. + O. + T. + + 1416, + 17, + πάρεσθ’ + ὅδε + | + Κρέων + τὸ + πράσ- + + σειν + καὶ + τὸ + βουλεύειν. + + 1144. + For + dv + reduplicated, + see + Essay + + on + L. + 27. + p. + 46. + In + the + present + + instance + it + adds + liveliness + to + φθέγμα, + + which + is + to + be + taken + closely + with + , + + ie. + & + φθέγμα + γενόμενον + ἂν + o + bw + εὗρες. + + ἐνεῦρες + has + been + conjectured, + but + this + + compound + is + not + found + elsewhere, + and + + no + change + is + needed. + + 1146. + παρέχειν + is + used + absolutely + + with + dative + and + infinitive, + as + frequently + + in + Plato. + The + expression + is + proverbial + : + + cp. + Plato, + Theaet. + 191 + A, + ἐὰν + δὲ + πάντῃ + + ἀπορήσωμεν, + ταπεινώθέντές, + οἶμαι, + 79 + +

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λόγῳ παρέξομεν ὡς ναυτιῶντες πατεῖν 7e καὶ χρῆσθαι 6 τι ἂν βούληται. 1147-9. The second accusative, τὴν πολλὴν βοήν, is added as a resumption ofkal τὸ σὸν λάβρον στόμα, which is a sort of ‘pendent’ accusative. 1150. Teucer, in replying to Mene- laus, retains the form of allegory; but, instead of seeking for an illustration, puts the case as it stands,—thus more openly expressing bis scorn. 1156. ἄνολβον] The same indisso- luble association between unhappiness and wickedness appears in the use of δύστηνος, infr. 1290, and in ueréois Arpetdais, supr. 621. Cf also O. T. 888, δυσπότμου χάριν χλιδᾶς. For the addition of mapiw, cp. supr. 1131. 1158. pav,nkbpnv] Is my riddle

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hard to read?’ As was said in note on supr. 1150, Teucer does not care to dis- guise his contempt. 1160. G.. παρῇ] The reading ndpa is unobjectionable, but is perhaps due to the supposition et πύθουτό τις, which refers to the paiticular case :—some early scholar having felt an incongruity in the fusion of geueral and particular, which is however quite in keeping with the language of the age of Pericles. 1163 foll. The anapaests accom- pany the exit of Menelaus. The Chorus express their apprehension of what may follow this, viz. the coming of Aga- memnon, who, both from his character and position, is more formidable. pi0s . ἀγών] So in Trach. 20, ἀγῶνα μάχης.

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+ ΑΙΑΣ. + 101 + +

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+ οὕτω + kal + σὲ + kal + τὸ + σὸν + λάβρον + στόμα + +

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+ ’x + 2 + +

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+ σμικροῦ + νέφους + τάχ’ + ἄν + τις + ἐκπνεύσας + μέγας + +

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+ Χειμὼν + κατασβέσειε + τὴν + πολλὴν + βοήν. + +

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+ z + +

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+ TEY. + +

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+ ὂς + ἐν + κακοῖς + ὕβριζε + τοῖσι + τῶν + πέλας. + +

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+ )cqr + αὐτὸν + εἰσιδών + τις + ἐμφερὴς + ἐμοὶ + +

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+ 2 + z + q + a + +

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+ dvpare, + μὴ + δρᾶ + τοὺς + τεθνηκότας + kakds: + +

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+ ὁρῶ + To + νιν, + kdaTiv, + ὡς + ἐμοὶ + δοκεῖ, + +

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+ οὐδείς + ποτ’ + ἄλλος + ἢ + σύ. + μῶν + ἠνιξάμην; + +

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+ ME. + +

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+ ἄπειμι· + kal + yap + aloxpbv, + el + πύθοιτό + is + +

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+ M + . + 8 + z + ; + r + ; + r + r + +

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+ i2 + +

+

+ Abyais + κολάζειν, + ᾧ + βιάζεσθαι + παρῇ. + 1160 + +

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+ TEY. + +

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+ ἄφερπέ + νυν. + κἀμοὶ + γὰρ + αἴσχιστον + κλύειν + +

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+ ἀνδρὸς + ματαίου + φλαῦρ’ + ἔπη + μυθουμένου. + +

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+ ἔσται + μεγάλης + ἔριδός + τις + ἀγών. + +

+

+ ἀλλ’ + ὡς + δύνασαι, + Τεῦκρε, + ταχύνας + +

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+ 1148. + uéyas) + μέγα + (2) + Pal. + 1151. + 8) + ofc + L. + ὃσ + CA. + (5 + 7 + o1 + ὅ + γ’ + Pal. + pr. + +

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+ εἶτ’ + ἀυτὸν + M. + 1153. + ὀργήν] + τὸν + τροπὸν + gl. + interl. + C2. + 1154. + δρᾶ] + δρᾶι + +

+

+ LA. + 1156. + dvorBor) + ἄνοιτον + (9) + interl. + Ac. + 1158. + ἄλλος] + ἄλλοσ + (D) + L. + +

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+ 1160. + κολάζειν] + κολάζων + ACT. + +

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+ παρῇ] + rap(fv) + 2 + L. + πάρα + AC7 + Vat. + ac + VeUAMR. + +

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+ παρῆι + V + pr. + παρῆ + FL’M + Pal. + +

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+ 1161. + ἄφερπέ + νυν] + dpepme + νῦν + LAT. + +

+ Commentary +

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+ Commentary +

+ hard + to + read?’ + As + was + said + in + note + on + + supr. + 1150, + Teucer + does + not + care + to + dis- + + guise + his + contempt. + + 1160. + G.. + παρῇ] + The + reading + ndpa + + is + unobjectionable, + but + is + perhaps + due + + to + the + supposition + et + πύθουτό + τις, + which + + refers + to + the + paiticular + case + :—some + + early + scholar + having + felt + an + incongruity + + in + the + fusion + of + geueral + and + particular, + + which + is + however + quite + in + keeping + with + + the + language + of + the + age + of + Pericles. + + 1163 + foll. + The + anapaests + accom- + + pany + the + exit + of + Menelaus. + The + Chorus + + express + their + apprehension + of + what + may + + follow + this, + viz. + the + coming + of + Aga- + + memnon, + who, + both + from + his + character + + and + position, + is + more + formidable. + + pi0s + . + ἀγών] + So + in + Trach. + 20, + ἀγῶνα + + μάχης. + +

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1165. κοίλην κάπετον] This phrase, belonging to the Epic commonplace, is repeated infr. 1403. τινά, 1. e. πού, Ssomewhere.’ For this adverbial use of the indefinite pronoun, see Essay on L. § 22. p. 36, 4. idedv] ‘To look out, ‘provide.’] For this use of ὁρᾶν, cp. Od. 8. 443, αὐτὸς νοῦν ἴδε npa Theocr. 15. 2, ὅρη δίφρον, Εὐνόα, abrd: Phil. 843, τάδε μὲν θεὸς ὄψεται. So, also in Elizabethan English, to look" some times means "to look for.’ e.g. Shakespeare, Merry Wives of Windsor, 4. 2, 79, ‘Mistress Page and I will look some linen for your head.’ 1166. Bporois] ‘In the eyes of men.’ A dative of remote reference in loose construction with the words which fol- low, and also to be resumed with ἀείμνηστον. See Essay on L. § 13. p. 19, and cp. especially El. 1066, ὦ χθονία βροτοῖσι pdua. For the position of the article, cp. Trach. 872, Ἡρακλεῖ τὸ πόμπιμον τὸν ἀείμνηστον] ‘ Of unfading re- nown.’ The expression (with the article) is proleptic, and reminds the spectator that the fame of Ajax is eternal. 1167. εὐρώεντα] ‘Mouldering,’ or ‘darksome,’ an epithet recalling the natural horror of the grave. Whether to Sophocles, as to Oppian and Nonnus

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afterwards, the word conveyed the asso- ciation of ‘roomy.’ ‘wide-vaulted,’ may be left an open question. See L. and S. s. v. εὐρώεις. 1170. περιστελοῦντε] ‘ To care for. The verb is used much as in Ant. 903, δέμας περιστέλλουσα. 1172. The child clinging to his dead father would be as inviolable as_a suppliant clinging to an altar. Cp. Aesch. Cho. 106, αἰδουμένη σοι βωμὸν ὢς τύμβον πατρός; ib. 336, 7, τάφος δ’ ἱκέτας δέδεκται| φυγάδας θ’ ὁμοίως. 1173. προστρόπαιος is a more solemn and formal word than ἱκέτης. The formality of the supplication would be marked by the locks of hair cut off in token of mourning for the dead, which Eurysaces is to hold in his hand. 1174. Cp. El. 448-50, σὺ δὲ | τε- μοῦσα rpards βοστρύχων ἄκρας φόβας κἀμοῦ ταλαίνης, k.A. For τρίτου, cp. O. C. 8, and note. 1175. ἱκτήριον θησαυρόν] ‘ A guppli- ant store,’ i.e. a sacred deposit having virtue for the purpose of supplication. στρατοῦ] Here and supr. 1044 the rest of the army seems to be opposed to the men of Salamis. 1177. kaxds kakds) The tautology belongs to the formal solemnity of the oath. Cp. O. T. 219, 20, and note.

+

+ 102 + +

+

+ ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

+

+ σπεῦσον + κοίλην + κάπετόν + τιν’ + ἰδεῖν + +

+

+ - + 1 + ~ + +

+

+ 1165 + +

+

+ τῷδ’, + ἔνθα + βροτοῖς + τὸν + ἀείμνηστον + +

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+ 295 + 2. + 2 + X + . + 7 + +

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+ τάφον + εὐρώεντα + καθέξει. + +

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+ καὶ + μὴν + ἐς + αὐτὸν + καιρὸν + οἵδε + πλησίοι + +

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+ 1170 + +

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+ ὦ + fmol, + +

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+ 2 + 2 + +

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+ 4. + 2. + +

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+ κόμας + ἐμὰς + kal + τῆσδε + καὶ + cavrod + rptrov, + +

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+ z + 2 + 5 + 2 + 2 + 7 + +

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+ 1175 + +

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+ κακὸς + κακῶς + ἄθαπτος + ἐκπέσοι + Χχθονός, + +

+

+ 2 + 2 + z + z + +

+

+ 1165. + κοίλην + (κοίλην) + L. + +

+

+ 1167. + εὐρώεντα] + εὑρώεντα + L. + +

+

+ 1175. + εἰ + δέ] + εἰ + . + δὲ + +

+

+ L. + (εἰδδὲ. + 1176. + Bia] + βία + L. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 1165. + κοίλην + κάπετον] + This + phrase, + + belonging + to + the + Epic + commonplace, + + is + repeated + infr. + 1403. + + τινά, + 1. + e. + πού, + Ssomewhere.’ + For + this + + adverbial + use + of + the + indefinite + pronoun, + + see + Essay + on + L. + § + 22. + p. + 36, + 4. + + idedv] + ‘To + look + out, + ‘provide.’] + For + + this + use + of + ὁρᾶν, + cp. + Od. + 8. + 443, + αὐτὸς + + νοῦν + ἴδε + npa + Theocr. + 15. + 2, + ὅρη + δίφρον, + + Εὐνόα, + abrd: + Phil. + 843, + τάδε + μὲν + θεὸς + + ὄψεται. + So, + also + in + Elizabethan + English, + + to + look" + some + times + means + "to + look + + for.’ + e.g. + Shakespeare, + Merry + Wives + of + + Windsor, + 4. + 2, + 79, + ‘Mistress + Page + and + + I + will + look + some + linen + for + your + head.’ + + 1166. + Bporois] + ‘In + the + eyes + of + men.’ + + A + dative + of + remote + reference + in + loose + + construction + with + the + words + which + fol- + + low, + and + also + to + be + resumed + with + + ἀείμνηστον. + See + Essay + on + L. + § + 13. + p. + + 19, + and + cp. + especially + El. + 1066, + ὦ + χθονία + + βροτοῖσι + pdua. + For + the + position + of + the + + article, + cp. + Trach. + 872, + Ἡρακλεῖ + τὸ + + πόμπιμον + + τὸν + ἀείμνηστον] + ‘ + Of + unfading + re- + + nown.’ + The + expression + (with + the + article) + + is + proleptic, + and + reminds + the + spectator + + that + the + fame + of + Ajax + is + eternal. + + 1167. + εὐρώεντα] + ‘Mouldering,’ + or + + ‘darksome,’ + an + epithet + recalling + the + + natural + horror + of + the + grave. + Whether + + to + Sophocles, + as + to + Oppian + and + Nonnus + +

+ Commentary +

+ afterwards, + the + word + conveyed + the + asso- + + ciation + of + ‘roomy.’ + ‘wide-vaulted,’ + may + + be + left + an + open + question. + See + L. + and + S. + + s. + v. + εὐρώεις. + + 1170. + περιστελοῦντε] + ‘ + To + care + for. + + The + verb + is + used + much + as + in + Ant. + 903, + + δέμας + περιστέλλουσα. + + 1172. + The + child + clinging + to + his + dead + + father + would + be + as + inviolable + as_a + + suppliant + clinging + to + an + altar. + Cp. + + Aesch. + Cho. + 106, + αἰδουμένη + σοι + βωμὸν + + ὢς + τύμβον + πατρός; + ib. + 336, + 7, + τάφος + δ’ + + ἱκέτας + δέδεκται| + φυγάδας + θ’ + ὁμοίως. + + 1173. + προστρόπαιος + is + a + more + solemn + + and + formal + word + than + ἱκέτης. + The + + formality + of + the + supplication + would + be + + marked + by + the + locks + of + hair + cut + off + in + + token + of + mourning + for + the + dead, + which + + Eurysaces + is + to + hold + in + his + hand. + + 1174. + Cp. + El. + 448-50, + σὺ + δὲ + | + τε- + + μοῦσα + rpards + βοστρύχων + ἄκρας + φόβας + + κἀμοῦ + ταλαίνης, + k.A. + For + τρίτου, + cp. + + O. + C. + 8, + and + note. + + 1175. + ἱκτήριον + θησαυρόν] + ‘ + A + guppli- + + ant + store,’ + i.e. + a + sacred + deposit + having + + virtue + for + the + purpose + of + supplication. + + στρατοῦ] + Here + and + supr. + 1044 + the + + rest + of + the + army + seems + to + be + opposed + to + + the + men + of + Salamis. + + 1177. + kaxds + kakds) + The + tautology + + belongs + to + the + formal + solemnity + of + the + + oath. + Cp. + O. + T. + 219, + 20, + and + note. + +

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1178. yévous . . ἐξημημένος] ‘Hav- ing cut off from him all issue.’ Here, and in Ant. 600, ῥίζα seems to mean the germ of a branch rather than fhe root of a tree. Teucer’s prayer is that his enemy may die childless, and that his body may lie unburied, as it were banished from the lap of earth.’ Cp. Isaiah 14. 19, ‘But thou art cast out of thy grave as an abominable branch: as a carcase trodden under foot.’ Or it may also mean ‘denied burial in his own land.’ 1180. αὐτόν] Sc. τὸν νέκρον. 1181. ἔκου] Cp. Hdt. 4. 22, καὶ ὁ κύων ἔχεται.

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1182, 3. ὑμεῖς τε . . ἀρήγετ’] ‘And do not ye stand by like women, but defend him like men.’ 1183, 4. Es τ’ ἐγὼ μόλω . . τῷδε] ‘Until I return after caring for his burial.’ The stress on the participle is no objection to this reading; and μο- λεῖν has often the sense of "to return.’ κἂν μηδεὶς 2a] ‘Though all men for- bid me.’ For this expression, cp. Phil. 443, 4, ὅπου | μηδεὶς ἔψη. The rhythm of the following stasimon is largely choriambic, and is expressive of restless impatience. The metrical scheme is the follow- ing:-

-

ς k L

+

+ ΑΙΑΣ. + +

+

+ 103 + +

+

+ γένους + ἅπαντος + ῥίζαν + ἐξημημένος, + +

+

+ αὕτως + ὅπωσπερ + τόνδ’ + ἐγὼ + τέμνω + πλόκον. + +

+

+ ’" + 4 + +

+

+ rn + z + 2 + 2 + +

+

+ ἔχ’ + αὐτόν, + ὦ + mal, + kal + φύλασσε, + μηδέ + σε + +

+

+ 1180 + +

+

+ κινησάτω + τις, + ἀλλὰ + προσπεσὼν + ἔχου. + +

+

+ ὑμεῖς + τε + μὴ + γυναῖκες + ἀντ’ + ἀνδρῶν + πέλας + +

+

+ παρέστατ’, + ἀλλ’ + ἀρήγετ’, + ἔς + 7 + ἐγὼ + μόλω + +

+

+ ’ + ’ + 2 + 2 + * + ; + +

+

+ τάφου + μεληθεὶς + τῷδε, + kdv + μηδεὶς + +

+

+ 1 + +

+

+ ἐᾷ. + [145. + +

+

+ 1179. + αὕτως] + αὔτωσ + L. + +

+

+ 1183. + παρέστατ’ + ἀλλ’] + παρεστατ’ + ἀλλ’ + L. + μόλω] + +

+

+ μολὼν + L. + μόλω + CA. + μολῶ + I. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 1178. + yévous + . + . + ἐξημημένος] + ‘Hav- + + ing + cut + off + from + him + all + issue.’ + Here, + + and + in + Ant. + 600, + ῥίζα + seems + to + mean + + the + germ + of + a + branch + rather + than + fhe + + root + of + a + tree. + Teucer’s + prayer + is + that + + his + enemy + may + die + childless, + and + that + + his + body + may + lie + unburied, + as + it + were + + banished + from + the + lap + of + earth.’ + Cp. + + Isaiah + 14. + 19, + ‘But + thou + art + cast + out + of + + thy + grave + as + an + abominable + branch: + + as + a + carcase + trodden + under + foot.’ + Or + it + + may + also + mean + ‘denied + burial + in + his + + own + land.’ + + 1180. + αὐτόν] + Sc. + τὸν + νέκρον. + + 1181. + ἔκου] + Cp. + Hdt. + 4. + 22, + καὶ + ὁ + + κύων + ἔχεται. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 1182, + 3. + ὑμεῖς + τε + . + . + ἀρήγετ’] + ‘And + + do + not + ye + stand + by + like + women, + but + + defend + him + like + men.’ + + 1183, + 4. + Es + τ’ + ἐγὼ + μόλω + . + . + τῷδε] + + ‘Until + I + return + after + caring + for + his + + burial.’ + The + stress + on + the + participle + is + + no + objection + to + this + reading; + and + μο- + + λεῖν + has + often + the + sense + of + "to + return.’ + + κἂν + μηδεὶς + 2a] + ‘Though + all + men + for- + + bid + me.’ + For + this + expression, + cp. + Phil. + + 443, + 4, + ὅπου + | + μηδεὶς + ἔψη. + + The + rhythm + of + the + following + stasimon + + is + largely + choriambic, + and + is + expressive + + of + restless + impatience. + + The + metrical + scheme + is + the + follow- + + ing:- + +

+ Commentary +

+ ς + + k + L + +

-

1185. ‘When shall be the end, and what the number of the restless years of exile?’ & πότε λήξει is rather an amplification than a parenthesis. The simpler expression would be either ris véaros . . ἔσται . . ἀριθμός, or, ἐς πότε λήξει 6 ἀριθμός. But véaros is already redundant, and this gives rise to the further expansion. πολυπλάγκτων is put by hypallage or condensation for τοῦ ἐμὲ πολλὰ πχαγχθῆναι, 5C. ἀπ’ οἴκου. 1187. The corruption of the word δορυσσοήτων into δορυσσόντων in most MSS. is natural enough, although there is no such participle, and the adjective, which is more expressive as well as more rhythmical, agrees in metre with the antistrophe. 1190. ἀν’ Hepea Τρωίαν, G. Wolff’s conjecture, founded on the scholion σκοτεινὴν καὶ ἀερώδη τοῖς "EA- xmo⸗i, at least gives a possible sense and meaning. The contrast between the misty Hellespont and the bright air of Salamis and Athens is a natural topic of complaint. Cp. infr. 1208, 9, del πυκιναῖς δρόσοις | Teyybuevos n6puas. Al- though Τρωΐα for Tpola does not occur elsewhere in Sophocles, it is acknow- ledged as the Pindaric form (Schndw. Pind. Ol. 2. 145). The interpolation ἀνὰ τάν may be partly due to drav preceding. (Hermann thinks εὐρώδη sound, in the sense of edpeiav,—" wide,’

-

and so ‘desolate,’—but admits that either strophe or antistrophe is corrupt. Dind. reads, av’ εὐρώδη Tpolar, altering the antistrophe. Seyffert's conj., ἄνα- τον εὐρυεδεῖ Tpola, ‘Doing no barm to broad-based Troy. is very ingenious.) 1191. ὄνειδος is either (1) in appo- sition with the whole sentence ; or (2) with Tealar. 1192. πρότερον] Sc. ἢ δεῖξαι . . Ἄρη. αἰθέρα δῦναι μέγαν As Linwood observed, the idea of going away into the ether occurs again in Phil. 1092 foll., ἴθ’ αἰθέρος dvw | πτωκάδες ὀξυτόνου διὰ πνεύματος | ἕλωσί μ’. Cp. also Phil. 814, 15, ἐκεῖσε νῦν μ’, ἐκεῖσε. NE. ποῦ Adyeis; ΦΙ. ἄνω | NE. τί παραφρονεῖς αὖ; τί τὸν ἄνω λεύσσεις κύκλον; and the in- scription over the dead who fell at Poti- daea in B.C. 432, αἰθὴρ μὲμ ψυχὰς ὑπε- δέξατο, κ.τ. λ. 1195. ὅπλων . . κοινὸν Ἄρη] Either (1), laying the chief stress on ὅπλων, Tbe combined warfare that depends upon the use of armour,’ i.e. "the use of armour that made combined warfare possible.’ For this descriptive genitiye, ep. especially EL 19, ἄστῥων . . ebppvn, ("Night adorned with stars;’ or, ‘The stars that adorn the night"). Or (2), with the stress on kouv, ‘The art of forming hostile confederacies in hateful arms. 1196. A short syllable here answers to the long first syllable of drav in the

+

+ ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

+

+ 104 + +

+

+ ΧΟ. + +

+

+ στρ. + . + τίς + ἄρα + νέατος + ἐς + πότε + λήξει + πολυπλάγκτων + +

+

+ ἐτέων + ἀριθμὸς + +

+

+ : + n + 2m) + +

+

+ 1186 + +

+

+ τὰν + ἄπαυστον + aAlev + εἔμοι + +

+

+ δορυσσοήτων + +

+

+ μόχθων + drav + ἐπάγων + +

+

+ . + 2 + ’ + +

+

+ 5 + ἀν’ + ἀερώδεα + * + Tpolav + +

+

+ 1190 + +

+

+ δύστανον + ὄνειδος + Ἑλλάνων; + +

+

+ ὄφελε + πρότερον + αἰθέρα + δῦναι + μέγαν + ἡ + τὸν + πολύκοινον + +

+

+ a + 3 + 3 + +

+

+ 2 + " + +

+

+ αντ. + a + . + +

+

+ Ἅιδαν + +

+

+ κεῖνος + ἁνήρ, + bs + στυγερῶν + +

+

+ ἔδειξεν + ὅπλων + +

+

+ 1195 + +

+

+ ἜἝλλασιν + κοινὸν + Ἄρη. + +

+

+ 1186. + ἐτέων] + ἐπέων + L. + ἐτέων + CIA. + +

+

+ 1187. + δορυσσοήτων] + δορυσσόντων + AL + Vat. + +

+

+ ac + VVsMMe. + +

+

+ 1190. + ἀν] + ἀνὰ + τὴν + Α. + ἀνὰ + τὰν + Cett. + +

+

+ βἀερώδεα] + εὐρώδη + MSS. + +

+

+ Wolff + corr. + +

+

+ 1192. + 5pere] + dpere + LA. + +

+

+ δῦναι] + δοῦναι + L. + δῦναι + CA. + δύναι + Pal. + +

+

+ 1194. + ἁνήρ] + ἀνὴρ + LA. + ὅς] + 6 + L. + +

+

+ ds + C2A. + +

+

+ 1196. + Ἕλλασιν] + ἕλλασιν. + . + . + . + 1 + +

+ Commentary +

+ 1185. + ‘When + shall + be + the + end, + and + + what + the + number + of + the + restless + years + + of + exile?’ + & + πότε + λήξει + is + rather + an + + amplification + than + a + parenthesis. + The + + simpler + expression + would + be + either + ris + + véaros + . + . + ἔσται + . + . + ἀριθμός, + or, + ἐς + πότε + + λήξει + 6 + ἀριθμός. + But + véaros + is + already + + redundant, + and + this + gives + rise + to + the + + further + expansion. + πολυπλάγκτων + is + + put + by + hypallage + or + condensation + for + + τοῦ + ἐμὲ + πολλὰ + πχαγχθῆναι, + 5C. + ἀπ’ + οἴκου. + + 1187. + The + corruption + of + the + word + + δορυσσοήτων + into + δορυσσόντων + in + most + + MSS. + is + natural + enough, + although + there + + is + no + such + participle, + and + the + adjective, + + which + is + more + expressive + as + well + as + more + + rhythmical, + agrees + in + metre + with + the + + antistrophe. + + 1190. + ἀν’ + Hepea + Τρωίαν, + G. + + Wolff’s + conjecture, + founded + on + the + + scholion + σκοτεινὴν + καὶ + ἀερώδη + τοῖς + "EA- + + xmo⸗i, + at + least + gives + a + possible + sense + and + + meaning. + The + contrast + between + the + + misty + Hellespont + and + the + bright + air + of + + Salamis + and + Athens + is + a + natural + topic + + of + complaint. + Cp. + infr. + 1208, + 9, + del + + πυκιναῖς + δρόσοις + | + Teyybuevos + n6puas. + Al- + + though + Τρωΐα + for + Tpola + does + not + occur + + elsewhere + in + Sophocles, + it + is + acknow- + + ledged + as + the + Pindaric + form + (Schndw. + + Pind. + Ol. + 2. + 145). + The + interpolation + + ἀνὰ + τάν + may + be + partly + due + to + drav + + preceding. + (Hermann + thinks + εὐρώδη + + sound, + in + the + sense + of + edpeiav,—" + wide,’ + +

+ Commentary +

+ and + so + ‘desolate,’—but + admits + that + + either + strophe + or + antistrophe + is + corrupt. + + Dind. + reads, + av’ + εὐρώδη + Tpolar, + altering + + the + antistrophe. + Seyffert's + conj., + ἄνα- + + τον + εὐρυεδεῖ + Tpola, + ‘Doing + no + barm + to + + broad-based + Troy. + is + very + ingenious.) + + 1191. + ὄνειδος + is + either + (1) + in + appo- + + sition + with + the + whole + sentence + ; + or + (2) + + with + Tealar. + + 1192. + πρότερον] + Sc. + ἢ + δεῖξαι + . + . + Ἄρη. + + αἰθέρα + δῦναι + μέγαν + As + Linwood + + observed, + the + idea + of + going + away + into + + the + ether + occurs + again + in + Phil. + 1092 + + foll., + ἴθ’ + αἰθέρος + dvw + | + πτωκάδες + ὀξυτόνου + + διὰ + πνεύματος + | + ἕλωσί + μ’. + Cp. + also + Phil. + + 814, + 15, + ἐκεῖσε + νῦν + μ’, + ἐκεῖσε. + NE. + ποῦ + + Adyeis; + ΦΙ. + ἄνω + | + NE. + τί + παραφρονεῖς + αὖ; + + τί + τὸν + ἄνω + λεύσσεις + κύκλον; + and + the + in- + + scription + over + the + dead + who + fell + at + Poti- + + daea + in + B.C. + 432, + αἰθὴρ + μὲμ + ψυχὰς + ὑπε- + + δέξατο, + κ.τ. + λ. + + 1195. + ὅπλων + . + . + κοινὸν + Ἄρη] + Either + + (1), + laying + the + chief + stress + on + ὅπλων, + + Tbe + combined + warfare + that + depends + + upon + the + use + of + armour,’ + i.e. + "the + use + + of + armour + that + made + combined + warfare + + possible.’ + For + this + descriptive + genitiye, + + ep. + especially + EL + 19, + ἄστῥων + . + . + ebppvn, + + ("Night + adorned + with + stars;’ + or, + ‘The + + stars + that + adorn + the + night"). + Or + (2), + with + + the + stress + on + kouv, + ‘The + art + of + forming + + hostile + confederacies + in + hateful + arms. + + 1196. + A + short + syllable + here + answers + + to + the + long + first + syllable + of + drav + in + the + +

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strophe, unless we read Ἕλλασιν, which s unnecessary. 1197. ‘O toil that was the parent of toil!7 i.c. The toil of invention was the first parent of other toils. 1199-1201. ἐκεῖνος Fob ... ὁμιλεῖν] ‘He has cut me off from the joyous fel- lowship of chaplets and deep draughts from the cup.’ The negatives have a privative force, as in οὐ φάναι, οὐκ ἐᾶν, ete. ὁμιλεῖν, sc. Gore ἐμὲ ὁμιλεῖν τοῖς στεφάνοις καὶ ταῖς κύλιξιν. The κύλιξ was a shallow vessel, and the epithet properly applies not to the goblet, but to the draughts of wine from it. 1201. τέρψυν 15 first governed by vetuev, and the same word is then repeated as a cognate accusative with ίαυειν. 1202-4. οὔτε γλυκὺν . . ἰαύειν] ‘And from the sweet sound of flutes, un- happy me, and from passing nights of pleasant rest.’ 1205. The repetition of ἐρώτων marks the acmè of privation.

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1206. ἀμέρυμνο5] Either (1) ‘Un- cared for;" or (2) ‘Careless of myself’ (" As one past hope, abandoned, [ And by himself given o’er’); or (3) ‘With vacant mind,’ ‘Having no interest in life. For μέριμνα in a good sefise, cp. especially Pind. Pyth. 8. 126-132, 6 δὲ καλόν τι νέον λαχὼν | aBpbraros ἔπι, με- γάλας | ἐξ ἐλπίδος πέταται | ὑποπτέροις ἀνορέαις, ἔχων κρέσσονα πλούτου | μέ- ριμναν; also O. T. 1124, ἔργον μεριμνῶν ποῖον; 1208, 9. Cp. Aesch. Ag. 560-2, κἀπὸ γῆς λειμώνιαι | δρόσοι κατεψέκαζον . . . τιθέντες ἔνθηρον τρίχα. 1210. λυγρᾶ μνήματα Tpolas) Lit. Reminders of the wretched Troad," i. e. The raindrops on my head will not let me forget that I am in this miserable country. μνήματα is accusative in ap- position to the sentence. 1211-3. ἐννυχίου | δείματος . . kal BeAév] ‘ Against nightly alarm and weapons of war.’ For this genitive of the object, cp. O. T. 1200-1, Gavarar δ’ ud | xdipa πύργος ἀνέστα.

+

+ AlAE. + +

+

+ 105 + +

+

+ 5 + ἰὼ + mbvoL + πρόγονοι + πόνων. + +

+

+ . + +

+

+ κεῖνος + γὰρ + ἔπερσεν + ἀνθρώπους. + +

+

+ ἐκεῖνος + Fo + στεφάνων + +

+

+ 2 + -~ + ; + +

+

+ στρ. + β′. + +

+

+ οὔτε + βαθειᾶν + κυλίκων + +

+

+ 1200 + +

+

+ νεῖμεν + ἐμοὶ + τέρψιν + ὁμιλεῖν, + +

+

+ ; + ; + 5 + +

+

+ οὔτε + γλυκὺν + αὐλῶν + ὄτοβον, + +

+

+ z + 2 + +

+

+ δύσμορος, + οὔτ’ + ἐννυχίαν + +

+

+ 8 + ; + +

+

+ αι + +

+

+ : + +

+

+ τέρψιν + ἰαύειν. + +

+

+ ἐρώτων + δ’ + ἐρώτων + ἀπέπαυσεν, + duot. + +

+

+ 2 + r + 52 + ’, + z + +

+

+ 1205 + +

+

+ ~ + ; + 2 + 2 + ’ + +

+

+ κεῖμαι + dubpiuvos + οὕτως, + +

+

+ ἀεὶ + πυκιναῖς + δρόσοις + +

+

+ r + 7 + z + +

+

+ 10 + τεγγόμενος + κόμας, + +

+

+ λυγρᾶς + μνήματα + Τροίας. + +

+

+ 1210 + +

+

+ ἀντ.β′. + +

+

+ A + 2 + * + +

+

+ καὶ + πρὶν + μὲν + ἐννυχίου + +

+

+ δείματος + ἢν + pol + προβολὰ + +

+

+ καὶ + βελέων + θούριος + Αἴας· + +

+

+ ayv + +

+

+ T + +

+

+ 1199. + οὐ] + οὔτε + MSS. + +

+

+ 1200. + βαθειᾶν] + βαθεῖαν + A. + +

+

+ 1202. + ὄτοβον] + ὄτοβον + +

+

+ AC + ὅττοβον + Τ. + +

+

+ 1205. + lavew. + | + ἐρώτων + δ’ + ἐρώτων + ἀπέπαυσεν] + ἰαύειν + . + | + Gpraw + | + +

+

+ ἐρώτωνδ’ + LLAVM. + +

+

+ ἰαύειν + ἐρώτων. + | + ἐρώτων + δ’ + ἀπ. + Pal. + Vat. + ac + M. + +

+

+ 1210. + λυγρᾶς] + +

+

+ λυγρὰσ + CAL2 + Vat. + ac + VMMA. + +

+

+ λυγρὰσ· + VeR. + +

+ Commentary +

+ strophe, + unless + we + read + Ἕλλασιν, + which + + s + unnecessary. + + 1197. + ‘O + toil + that + was + the + parent + of + + toil!7 + i.c. + The + toil + of + invention + was + the + + first + parent + of + other + toils. + + 1199-1201. + ἐκεῖνος + Fob + ... + ὁμιλεῖν] + + ‘He + has + cut + me + off + from + the + joyous + fel- + + lowship + of + chaplets + and + deep + draughts + + from + the + cup.’ + The + negatives + have + a + + privative + force, + as + in + οὐ + φάναι, + οὐκ + ἐᾶν, + + ete. + ὁμιλεῖν, + sc. + Gore + ἐμὲ + ὁμιλεῖν + τοῖς + + στεφάνοις + καὶ + ταῖς + κύλιξιν. + + The + κύλιξ + was + a + shallow + vessel, + and + + the + epithet + properly + applies + not + to + the + + goblet, + but + to + the + draughts + of + wine + + from + it. + + 1201. + τέρψυν + 15 + first + governed + by + + vetuev, + and + the + same + word + is + then + + repeated + as + a + cognate + accusative + with + + ίαυειν. + + 1202-4. + οὔτε + γλυκὺν + . + . + ἰαύειν] + ‘And + + from + the + sweet + sound + of + flutes, + un- + + happy + me, + and + from + passing + nights + of + + pleasant + rest.’ + + 1205. + The + repetition + of + ἐρώτων + marks + + the + acmè + of + privation. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 1206. + ἀμέρυμνο5] + Either + (1) + ‘Un- + + cared + for;" + or + (2) + ‘Careless + of + myself’ + + (" + As + one + past + hope, + abandoned, + [ + And + + by + himself + given + o’er’); + or + (3) + ‘With + + vacant + mind,’ + ‘Having + no + interest + in + + life. + For + μέριμνα + in + a + good + sefise, + cp. + + especially + 6 + δὲ + + καλόν + τι + νέον + λαχὼν + | + aBpbraros + ἔπι, + με- + + γάλας + | + ἐξ + ἐλπίδος + πέταται + | + ὑποπτέροις + + ἀνορέαις, + ἔχων + κρέσσονα + πλούτου + | + μέ- + + ριμναν; + also + ἔργον + μεριμνῶν + + ποῖον; + + 1208, + 9. + Cp. + κἀπὸ + + γῆς + λειμώνιαι + | + δρόσοι + κατεψέκαζον + . + . + . + + τιθέντες + ἔνθηρον + τρίχα. + + 1210. + λυγρᾶ + μνήματα + Tpolas) + Lit. + + Reminders + of + the + wretched + Troad," + i. + e. + + The + raindrops + on + my + head + will + not + let + + me + forget + that + I + am + in + this + miserable + + country. + μνήματα + is + accusative + in + ap- + + position + to + the + sentence. + + 1211-3. + ἐννυχίου + | + δείματος + . + . + kal + + BeAév] + ‘ + Against + nightly + alarm + and + + weapons + of + war.’ + For + this + genitive + of + + the + object, + cp. + Gavarar + δ’ + + ud + | + xdipa + πύργος + ἀνέστα. + +

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1214, 5. νῦν B οὗτος . . δαίμονι1 But now he is no more our bulwark, struck down by a malignant fate.’ As in Phil. 11523, ἀνέδην ὅδε χῶρος ἐρύκεται is said of the absence of defence, so ἀνεῖται is here said (continuing the me- taphor in προβολά, supra) of the failure or removal of a defence; ie. οὐκέτι προτείνεται. Cp. infr. 1270, Od. 11. 556, τοῖος γάρ σφιν πύργος ἀπώλεο. 1216. ἐπέσται] Sc. τῷ βίῳ. 1217. ὕλᾶεν] Od. 9. 101, ῥίῳ ὑλήεντι. ἔπεστι] ‘Impends’ ‘instat] sc. τῷ πόντῳ, or τοῖς πλέουσιν. Cp. Od. 6. 210, ὅθ’ ἐπὶ σκέπας ἔστ’ ἀνέμοιο. πόντου πρόβλημα] Τε rock jutting into the deep.’ Cp. Phil. 1455, κτύπο ἄρσην πόντου προβολῆς. 1219, 20. ἄκραν | ὑπὸ πλάκα Σου- viou] (I) ‘Below the top of Sunium.’ The ground behind Cape Colonnas rises considerably higher than the promontory itself. Or (2) "At the point of the table- land of Sunium.’

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1221, 2. Athens could not really be seen by mariners until some time after passing Sunium, although the opposite is loosely asserted by Pausanias, I. 28. 1223. The stage has been vacant during the stasimon. Teucer is now seen returning in haste. Agamemnon enters after him. 1225. ‘And I see plainly that he will let loose his tongue to evil purpose.’ For the combination of verb and ad- jective with c16pa, cp. especially Aesch. Ag. 1247. εὔφημον . . κοίμησον στόμα. Others take σκαιόν here to mean either · ill.omened’ or "stupid.’ 1226, 7. σὲ δὴ . . ayyamovou.. | τλῆναι] 1ε. σὺ δὴ ἔτλης, ὡς ἀγγέλλουσι. τὰ δεινὰ ῥήματα] ‘Those blustering words’ that have been reported to me. Cp. supr. 312 and note. 1227. ἄνοιμωκτί implies a balf- expressed contempt of Menelaus for having let Teucer off so easily. xavetv is contemptuously substituted for εἰπεῖν,

+

+ 106 + ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

+

+ νῦν + δ’ + οὗτος + ἀνεῖται + στυγερῷ + +

+

+ G + +

+

+ δαίμονι. + τίς + μοι, + τίς + ἔτ’ + οὖν + +

+

+ 1215 + +

+

+ τέρψις + ἐπέσται; + +

+

+ 2 + 2 + z + +

+

+ γενοίμαν + Maev + ἔπεστι + πόντου + +

+

+ 2 + +

+

+ πρόβλημ’ + ἁλίκλυστον, + ἀκραν + +

+

+ ὑπὸ + πλάκα + Σουνίου, + +

+

+ 1220 + +

+

+ A + 2 + A + 4. + +

+

+ 10 + τὰς + ἱερὰς + ὅπως + +

+

+ προσείποιμεν + Abdvas. + +

+

+ ’ + ; + z + +

+

+ καὶ + μὴν + ἰδὼν + ἔσπευσα + τὸν + στρατηλάτην + +

+

+ 2 + +

+

+ TEY. + +

+

+ Ἀγαμέμνον’ + ἡμῖν + δεῦρο + τόνδ’ + ὁρμώμενον· + +

+

+ δῆλος + δέ + μοὐστὶ + σκαιὸν + ἐκλύσων + στόμα. + +

+

+ 2 + 2 + +

+

+ 1225 + +

+

+ ΑΓΑΜΕΜΝΩΝ. + +

+

+ σὲ + δὴ + τὰ + δεινὰ + ῥήματ’ + ἀγγέλλουσί + μοι + +

+

+ τλῆναι + καθ’ + ἡμῶν + ὧδ’ + ἀνοιμωκτὶ + χανεῖν· + +

+

+ 1214. + ἀνεῖται] + ἂν + κεῦται + L. + ἀγκεῦται + C. + ἀνεῖται + CAVat. + ac + VM + ἔγκειται + PV + +

+

+ Pal. + L2c. + gl. + ἀνα + M. + +

+

+ στυγερῷ] + στυγερῶς + Ι. + +

+

+ στυγερῶι + CAL + 1219. + ἄκραν] + +

+

+ .. + pav + L. + dupav + Ci. + ἄκραν + A. + +

+

+ 1222. + προσείποιμεν] + προσείπωμεν + V. + +

+

+ προσεί- + +

+

+ εν + +

+

+ ποιμι + Pal. + προσείποιμι + Μ. + +

+

+ 1224. + Ἀγαμέμνον] + ἀγαμέμν + L. + +

+

+ ἀγαμεμνον’ + C2. + +

+

+ ἀγαμέμνον + A. + +

+

+ 1225. + δέ + μοὐστί] + δέ + pacri + L + γ0 + καὶ + δῆλοσ + ἐστιν + ὥστι + σημανῶν + +

+

+ νέον + Cs + mg. + Be + polori + A. + +

+

+ 1227. + ἀνοιμωκτί] + ἀνοιμωκτεὶ + LAT. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 1214, + 5. + νῦν + B + οὗτος + . + . + δαίμονι1 + + But + now + he + is + no + more + our + bulwark, + + struck + down + by + a + malignant + fate.’ + As + + in + Phil. + 11523, + ἀνέδην + ὅδε + χῶρος + ἐρύκεται + + is + said + of + the + absence + of + defence, + so + + ἀνεῖται + is + here + said + (continuing + the + me- + + taphor + in + προβολά, + supra) + of + the + failure + + or + removal + of + a + defence; + ie. + οὐκέτι + + προτείνεται. + Cp. + infr. + 1270, + Od. + 11. + + 556, + τοῖος + γάρ + σφιν + πύργος + ἀπώλεο. + + 1216. + ἐπέσται] + Sc. + τῷ + βίῳ. + + 1217. + ὕλᾶεν] + Od. + 9. + 101, + ῥίῳ + ὑλήεντι. + + ἔπεστι] + ‘Impends’ + ‘instat] + sc. + τῷ + + πόντῳ, + or + τοῖς + πλέουσιν. + Cp. + Od. + 6. + + 210, + ὅθ’ + ἐπὶ + σκέπας + ἔστ’ + ἀνέμοιο. + + πόντου + πρόβλημα] + Τε + rock + jutting + + into + the + deep.’ + Cp. + Phil. + 1455, + κτύπο + + ἄρσην + πόντου + προβολῆς. + + 1219, + 20. + ἄκραν + | + ὑπὸ + πλάκα + Σου- + + viou] + (I) + ‘Below + the + top + of + Sunium.’ + + The + ground + behind + Cape + Colonnas + rises + + considerably + higher + than + the + promontory + + itself. + Or + (2) + "At + the + point + of + the + table- + + land + of + Sunium.’ + +

+ Commentary +

+ 1221, + 2. + Athens + could + not + really + be + + seen + by + mariners + until + some + time + after + + passing + Sunium, + although + the + opposite + + is + loosely + asserted + by + Pausanias, + I. + 28. + + 1223. + The + stage + has + been + vacant + + during + the + stasimon. + Teucer + is + now + + seen + returning + in + haste. + Agamemnon + + enters + after + him. + + 1225. + ‘And + I + see + plainly + that + he + + will + let + loose + his + tongue + to + evil + purpose.’ + + For + the + combination + of + verb + and + ad- + + jective + with + c16pa, + cp. + especially + Aesch. + + Ag. + 1247. + εὔφημον + . + . + κοίμησον + στόμα. + + Others + take + σκαιόν + here + to + mean + + either + · + ill.omened’ + or + "stupid.’ + + 1226, + 7. + σὲ + δὴ + . + . + ayyamovou.. + | + + τλῆναι] + 1ε. + σὺ + δὴ + ἔτλης, + ὡς + ἀγγέλλουσι. + + τὰ + δεινὰ + ῥήματα] + ‘Those + blustering + + words’ + that + have + been + reported + to + me. + + Cp. + supr. + 312 + and + note. + + 1227. + ἄνοιμωκτί + implies + a + balf- + + expressed + contempt + of + Menelaus + for + + having + let + Teucer + off + so + easily. + xavetv + + is + contemptuously + substituted + for + εἰπεῖν, + +

-

i.c. εἰπόντα xaveiv, To utter open- mouthed.’ So in supr. 1096, duaprd- νουσιν ἔπη (sc. Ayovres). The word has an association of stupid insolence, Have dared to open your foolish mouth so wide.’ 1230. κἀπ’ ἄκρων ὡδουπόρει5] ‘And have strutted proudly,’ lit. on tiptoe, ἐπ’ ἄκρων, sc.obw οτδακτύλων. Hesych. ἀκρίζων. ἄκροις ποσὶν ἐπιπορευόμενος. Ep. οἰνεῖ. Cp. Eur. Ion 1166, 7, ἐν δ’ ἄκροισι βὰς ποσὶν | κῆρυἐ ἀνεῖπεν. 1231. ἀντέστη1 Sc. ἡμῖν. 1232, 3. Cp. supr. 1097-1102. The word vavapxouvs recalls δεῦρ’ ἔπλευσας in 1105. Agamemnon of course greatly exaggerates what Teucer had said. Cp. Il. ii 288, πάντων μὲν κρατέειν ἐθέλει, πάντεσσι δ’ ἀνάσσειν, κ.τ.λ. 1235. οὐ μεγάλα ἐστὶ ταῦτα κακὰ dkoew (epexegetic infin.) πρὸς δούλων; Cp. O. C.’883. p" οὐχ ὕβρις τάδε; 1236. molov.. ävdpòs] Sc. ὑπέρ. The ellipse is possibly softened by the preposition occurring in comp. in inép-

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φρονα, although in a different sense. Cp. O. C. 539-41 and note. 1237. ποῦ Bdvros] 1.ε. ποῖ, But in such proverbial phrases there is a con- stant tendency to repeat the same word. Cp. O. T. 420, 1, and note ; Phil. 451. Agamemnon in the Iliad acknowledged the superior prowess of Achilles. He is less generous here. This line prepares the way for Teucer’s reproaches, infr. 1272-8. 1238. dvbpes) ‘Men,’ ie. men de- serving the name. Cp. supr. 77, πρόσθεν οὐκ ἀνὴρ ὅδ’ fiv; and note. 1239. mupos] ‘To our cost.’ This is said ironically. Teucer's denuncia- tion of us will indeed be a calamitous result of the trial we preclaimed.’ Aga- memnon carefully limits his responsi- bility,—as Menelaus did above, supr. 1136. ἐν τοῖς δικασταῖς, κοὐκ ἐμοί, τοδ’ ἐσφάλη, —to the ordainment of the con- test, disclaiming all share in the verdict. 1241. παντακοῦ] ‘In all that we do.’ 1243. εἴκειν] Sc. τούτοις, or τοῖς

+

+ ΑΙΑΣ. + +

+

+ 107 + +

+

+ σέ + τοι, + τὸν + ἐκ + τῆς + αἰχμαλωτίδος + λέγω· + +

+

+ 2 + 2 + 2 + +

+

+ ἦ + που + τραφεὶς + ἂν + μητρὸς + εὐγενοῦς + ἄπο + +

+

+ ὑψήλ’ + ἐφώνεις + κἀπ’ + ἄκρων + ὡδοιπόρεις, + +

+

+ e. + ’n + 2 + ’ + 2 + +

+

+ 5 + οὐδὲν + dv + τοῦ + μηδὲν + ἀντέστης + ὕπερ, + +

+

+ al + 1 + 2 + +

+

+ κοὔτε + στρατηγοὺς + οὔτε + ναυάρχους + μολεῖν + +

+

+ Auds + Ἀχαιῶν + οὔτε + σοῦ + διωμόσω, + +

+

+ 4 + 2 + ; + — + zM + 2 + z + +

+

+ [158. + +

+

+ ἀλλ’ + αὐτὸς + ἄρχων, + ὡς + σὺ + φῄς, + Αἴας + ἔπλει. + +

+

+ ; + +

+

+ ταῦτ’ + οὐκ + ἀκούειν + μεγάλα + πρὸς + δούλων + kakd; + +

+

+ aAY + 2 + +

+

+ 1235 + +

+

+ ποίου + κέκραγας + ἀνδρὸς + mépppova; + +

+

+ ’2 + Ζ + +

+

+ ποῦ + Bdvros + ἢ + ποῦ + στάντος, + οὗπερ + οὐκ + ἐγώ; + +

+

+ 2 + ’ + A + 2 + z + 7. + ’ + 2 + z + +

+

+ οὐκ + dp + Ἀχαιοῖς + ἄνδρες + εἰσὶ + πλὴν + ; + +

+

+ .. + 8 + +

+

+ πικροὺς + ἔοιγμεν + τῶν + Ἀχιλλείων + ὅπλων + +

+

+ ἀγῶνας + Ἀργείοισι + κηρῦξαι + τότε, + +

+

+ 2 + ; + ’, + a + z + +

+

+ 1240 + +

+

+ εἰ + πανταχοῦ + φανούμεθ’ + ἐκ + Τεύκρου + κακοί, + +

+

+ κοὐκ + ἀρκέσει + ποθ’ + ὑμὶν + οὐδ’ + ἡσσημένοις + +

+

+ r, + +

+

+ είκειν + ἃ + +

+

+ τοῖς + πολλοῖσιν + ἤρεσκεν + κριταῖς, + +

+

+ 1228. + αἰχμαλωτίδος] + αἰχμαλώτιδος + LA. + +

+

+ 1230. + ἐφώνεις] + ἐφρόνεισ + LATL + Pal. + +

+

+ VRM. + ἐφώνεισ + Ασαι. + ac + VOM2. + +

+

+ 1233. + διωμόσω] + ο + from + w + L. + γρ. + διωρίσω + Co. + +

+

+ διωμόσο + A. + +

+

+ 1236. + κέκραγας] + κέκραγεσ + LT. + +

+

+ 1238. + ἅρ’] + dp" + L + Pal. + +

+

+ 1240. + κηρῦξαι] + κηρύξαι + LA. + +

+

+ 1241. + ἐκ] + ἐν + L. + +

+

+ ἐκ + CA. + 1243. + ἤρεσκεν] + +

+

+ ἤρκεσεν + L. + ἤρεσκεν + C. + ἤρεσκε + A. + +

+ Commentary +

+ i.c. + εἰπόντα + xaveiv, + To + utter + open- + + mouthed.’ + So + in + supr. + 1096, + duaprd- + + νουσιν + ἔπη + (sc. + Ayovres). + The + word + + has + an + association + of + stupid + insolence, + + Have + dared + to + open + your + foolish + + mouth + so + wide.’ + + 1230. + κἀπ’ + ἄκρων + ὡδουπόρει5] + ‘And + + have + strutted + proudly,’ + lit. + on + tiptoe, + + ἐπ’ + ἄκρων, + sc.obw + οτδακτύλων. + Hesych. + + ἀκρίζων. + ἄκροις + ποσὶν + ἐπιπορευόμενος. + Ep. + + οἰνεῖ. + Cp. + Eur. + Ion + 1166, + 7, + ἐν + δ’ + ἄκροισι + + βὰς + ποσὶν + | + κῆρυἐ + ἀνεῖπεν. + + 1231. + ἀντέστη1 + Sc. + ἡμῖν. + + 1232, + 3. + Cp. + supr. + 1097-1102. + The + + word + vavapxouvs + recalls + δεῦρ’ + ἔπλευσας + + in + 1105. + Agamemnon + of + course + greatly + + exaggerates + what + Teucer + had + said. + Cp. + + Il. + ii + 288, + πάντων + μὲν + κρατέειν + ἐθέλει, + + πάντεσσι + δ’ + ἀνάσσειν, + κ.τ.λ. + + 1235. + οὐ + μεγάλα + ἐστὶ + ταῦτα + κακὰ + + dkoew + (epexegetic + infin.) + πρὸς + δούλων; + + Cp. + O. + C.’883. + p" + οὐχ + ὕβρις + τάδε; + + 1236. + molov.. + ävdpòs] + Sc. + ὑπέρ. + + The + ellipse + is + possibly + softened + by + the + + preposition + occurring + in + comp. + in + inép- + +

+ Commentary +

+ φρονα, + although + in + a + different + sense. + + Cp. + O. + C. + 539-41 + and + note. + + 1237. + ποῦ + Bdvros] + 1.ε. + ποῖ, + But + in + + such + proverbial + phrases + there + is + a + con- + + stant + tendency + to + repeat + the + same + word. + + Cp. + O. + T. + 420, + 1, + and + note + ; + Phil. + 451. + + Agamemnon + in + the + Iliad + acknowledged + + the + superior + prowess + of + Achilles. + He + + is + less + generous + here. + This + line + prepares + + the + way + for + Teucer’s + reproaches, + infr. + + 1272-8. + + 1238. + dvbpes) + ‘Men,’ + ie. + men + de- + + serving + the + name. + Cp. + supr. + 77, + πρόσθεν + + οὐκ + ἀνὴρ + ὅδ’ + fiv; + and + note. + + 1239. + mupos] + ‘To + our + cost.’ + This + + is + said + ironically. + Teucer's + denuncia- + + tion + of + us + will + indeed + be + a + calamitous + + result + of + the + trial + we + preclaimed.’ + Aga- + + memnon + carefully + limits + his + responsi- + + bility,—as + Menelaus + did + above, + supr. + + 1136. + ἐν + τοῖς + δικασταῖς, + κοὐκ + ἐμοί, + τοδ’ + + ἐσφάλη, + —to + the + ordainment + of + the + con- + + test, + disclaiming + all + share + in + the + verdict. + + 1241. + παντακοῦ] + ‘In + all + that + we + do.’ + + 1243. + εἴκειν] + Sc. + τούτοις, + or + τοῖς + +

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2 —2 ἀλλ’ αἰὲν ἡμᾶς ἢ κακοῖς βαλεῖτέ mov 3 z z z ’ . z ἢ σὺν δόλῳ κεντήσεθ’ of λελειμμένοι. 2 2 4 ἐκ τῶνδε μέντοι τῶν τρόπων οὐκ ἄν nore 3 z kardoracis yvour dv οὐδενὸς νόμου, εἰ τοὺς δίκῃ νικῶντας ἐξωθήσομεν καὶ τοὺς ὄπισθεν εἰς τὸ πρόσθεν ἄξομεν. ; - ἀλλ’ εἰρκτέον τάδ’ ἐστίν· οὐ γὰρ of πλατεῖς A z οὐδ’ εὐρύνωτοι φῶτες ἀσφαλέστατοι, ἀλλ’ οἱ φρονοῦντες εὗ κρατοῦσι πανταχοῦ. μέγας δὲ πλευρὰ βοῦς ὑπὸ σμικρᾶς ὅμως μάστιγος ὀρθὸς εἰς ὁδὸν πορεύεται. — καὶ gol προσέρπον τοῦτ’ ἐγὼ TO φάρμακον ὁρῶ τάχ’, εἰ μὴ νοῦν κατακτήσει τινά a . ὂς ἀνδρὸς οὐκέτ’ ἄντος, ἀλλ’ ἤδη σκιᾶς,

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κεντήσε θ’] κεντήσε(σ)θ’ L. κεντήσεσθ’ Τ. 1245. δόλῳ] δο(ύ)λωι L. δόλω A. 1253. πλευρά] πλευρᾶ L. πλευρὰς M. 1248. ἐξωθήσομεν] ἔξω θήσομεν C. πλευρά L2 Pal. πλευρὰν Cett.

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δεδογμένοις, or whatever is the antece- dent to d. 1244, 5. ‘But you (1) that are left’ (‘ or 2) who are distanced’) ‘ will either, I suppose, assail us with guileful wound- ings’ (as Ajax did) ‘or pelt us with abuse’ (as you have now been doing). που is to be taken with the whole sen- tence, but has special reference to the sus- picion expressed in σὺν δόλῳ κεντήσεθ.’ οἱ λελειμμένοι (1) marks the correspond- ence between the supposed action of Ajax’ surviving relatives and his own. The implied menace points through Teucer at Eurysaces. Cp. Shak. Mac- beth, 3. 4. There the grown serpent lies; the worm, that’s fled, | Hath na- ture that in time will venom breed, No teeth for the present.’ Or (2) of λελειμμένοι resumes ἡσσημένοις, :‘You that are beaten in the race,’ adding point to the suggestion of wounding from behind. See also l. 1249. 1250. τάδ’] ‘This,’ viz. Ajax’ inso- lent claim to priority in spite of the judgment. Cp. O. C. 883, dp’ οὐχ ὕθρι 745 ; 1250, 1. οὐ γὰρ . . φῶτες] ‘Not the wide-shouldered or broad-backed men. πλατύς is more expressive of mere size

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than μέγας. For the omission of the article with the second word, see Essay on L. § 21. p. 33 b. 1251. ἀσφαλέστατοι] Either (I) Most to be relied upon,’ in action and counsel, or (2) ‘Most secure from fall- ing.’ The latter, (2) makes a more exact antithesis with κρατοῦσι. 1252. κρατοῦσι πανταχοῦ] ‘Have the best of it on all occasions;’ i.e. μᾶλλον ὀρθοῦνται. Cp. Plat. Phaedr. 272 B, 6 μὴ πειθόμενος κρατεῖ. 1253. Cp. Pind. Pyth. 4. 417, βοέους aais ἀνάγκᾳ | rreci αὐχένας ἐμβάλ- λων τ’ ἐριπλεύρῳ PUG | κέντρον. 1254. ps . . πορεύεται] ‘Goes straight forward."’ ὀρθός is adverbial,= τὴν εὐθεῖαν. For the γνώμη, cp. Ant. 477, σμικρῷ xaAwR, k. TA. 1255. τοῦτ’ . . τὸ φάρμακον] ‘This remedy,’ the lash. Cp. Pind. OL 13. 121, ἕλε Βελλεροφόντας;| φάρμακον πραῦ τείνων ἀμφὶ γένυϊι, | ἵππον πτερόεντ’. 1257. ἀνδρο51 Sc. ὑπέρ. The un- usual construction is softened here by the resumption from supr. 1236, and by the participle which suggests the geni- tive absolute. σκιᾶς1 Sc. ὄντος, as if οὐδενὸς ὄντος had preceded.

+

+ 2 + —2 + + ἀλλ’ + αἰὲν + ἡμᾶς + ἢ + κακοῖς + βαλεῖτέ + mov + + 3 + z + z + z + ’ + . + z + + ἢ + σὺν + δόλῳ + κεντήσεθ’ + of + λελειμμένοι. + + 2 + 2 + 4 + + ἐκ + τῶνδε + μέντοι + τῶν + τρόπων + οὐκ + ἄν + nore + + 3 + z + + kardoracis + yvour + dv + οὐδενὸς + νόμου, + + εἰ + τοὺς + δίκῃ + νικῶντας + ἐξωθήσομεν + + καὶ + τοὺς + ὄπισθεν + εἰς + τὸ + πρόσθεν + ἄξομεν. + + ; + - + + ἀλλ’ + εἰρκτέον + τάδ’ + ἐστίν· + οὐ + γὰρ + of + πλατεῖς + + A + z + + οὐδ’ + εὐρύνωτοι + φῶτες + ἀσφαλέστατοι, + + ἀλλ’ + οἱ + φρονοῦντες + εὗ + κρατοῦσι + πανταχοῦ. + + μέγας + δὲ + πλευρὰ + βοῦς + ὑπὸ + σμικρᾶς + ὅμως + + μάστιγος + ὀρθὸς + εἰς + ὁδὸν + πορεύεται. + + — + + καὶ + gol + προσέρπον + τοῦτ’ + ἐγὼ + TO + φάρμακον + + ὁρῶ + τάχ’, + εἰ + μὴ + νοῦν + κατακτήσει + τινά + + a + . + + ὂς + ἀνδρὸς + οὐκέτ’ + ἄντος, + ἀλλ’ + ἤδη + σκιᾶς, + +

+ Critical Apparatus +

+ κεντήσε + θ’] + κεντήσε(σ)θ’ + L. + + κεντήσεσθ’ + Τ. + + 1245. + δόλῳ] + δο(ύ)λωι + L. + δόλω + A. + + 1253. + πλευρά] + πλευρᾶ + L. + πλευρὰς + M. + + 1248. + ἐξωθήσομεν] + ἔξω + θήσομεν + C. + + πλευρά + L2 + Pal. + πλευρὰν + Cett. + +

+ Commentary +

+ δεδογμένοις, + or + whatever + is + the + antece- + + dent + to + d. + + 1244, + 5. + ‘But + you + (1) + that + are + left’ + + (‘ + or + 2) + who + are + distanced’) + ‘ + will + either, + + I + suppose, + assail + us + with + guileful + wound- + + ings’ + (as + Ajax + did) + ‘or + pelt + us + with + + abuse’ + (as + you + have + now + been + doing). + + που + is + to + be + taken + with + the + whole + sen- + + tence, + but + has + special + reference + to + the + sus- + + picion + expressed + in + σὺν + δόλῳ + κεντήσεθ.’ + + οἱ + λελειμμένοι + (1) + marks + the + correspond- + + ence + between + the + supposed + action + of + + Ajax’ + surviving + relatives + and + his + own. + + The + implied + menace + points + through + + Teucer + at + Eurysaces. + Cp. + Shak. + Mac- + + beth, + 3. + 4. + There + the + grown + serpent + + lies; + the + worm, + that’s + fled, + | + Hath + na- + + ture + that + in + time + will + venom + breed, + + No + teeth + for + the + present.’ + Or + (2) + of + + λελειμμένοι + resumes + ἡσσημένοις, + :‘You + + that + are + beaten + in + the + race,’ + adding + + point + to + the + suggestion + of + wounding + + from + behind. + See + also + l. + 1249. + + 1250. + τάδ’] + ‘This,’ + viz. + Ajax’ + inso- + + lent + claim + to + priority + in + spite + of + the + + judgment. + Cp. + dp’ + οὐχ + ὕθρι + + 745 + ; + + 1250, + 1. + οὐ + γὰρ + . + . + φῶτες] + ‘Not + the + + wide-shouldered + or + broad-backed + men. + + πλατύς + is + more + expressive + of + mere + size + +

+ Commentary +

+ than + μέγας. + For + the + omission + of + the + + article + with + the + second + word, + see + Essay + + on + L. + § + 21. + p. + 33 + b. + + 1251. + ἀσφαλέστατοι] + Either + (I) + + Most + to + be + relied + upon,’ + in + action + and + + counsel, + or + (2) + ‘Most + secure + from + fall- + + ing.’ + The + latter, + (2) + makes + a + more + exact + + antithesis + with + κρατοῦσι. + + 1252. + κρατοῦσι + πανταχοῦ] + ‘Have + + the + best + of + it + on + all + occasions;’ + i.e. + + μᾶλλον + ὀρθοῦνται. + Cp. + + 6 + μὴ + πειθόμενος + κρατεῖ. + + 1253. + Cp. + βοέους + + aais + ἀνάγκᾳ + | + rreci + αὐχένας + ἐμβάλ- + + λων + τ’ + ἐριπλεύρῳ + PUG + | + κέντρον. + + 1254. + ps + . + . + πορεύεται] + ‘Goes + + straight + forward."’ + ὀρθός + is + adverbial,= + + τὴν + εὐθεῖαν. + For + the + γνώμη, + cp. + + σμικρῷ + xaAwR, + k. + TA. + + 1255. + τοῦτ’ + . + . + τὸ + φάρμακον] + ‘This + + remedy,’ + the + lash. + Cp. + + ἕλε + Βελλεροφόντας;| + φάρμακον + πραῦ + + τείνων + ἀμφὶ + γένυϊι, + | + ἵππον + πτερόεντ’. + + 1257. + ἀνδρο51 + Sc. + ὑπέρ. + The + un- + + usual + construction + is + softened + here + by + + the + resumption + from + supr. + 1236, + and + by + + the + participle + which + suggests + the + geni- + + tive + absolute. + + σκιᾶς1 + Sc. + ὄντος, + as + if + οὐδενὸς + ὄντος + + had + preceded. + +

-

θαρσῶν ὑβρίζεις κἀξελευθεροστομεῖς. οὐ σωφρονήσεις; οὐ μαθὼν ὃς εἶ φύσιν ἄλλον τιν’ ἄξεις ἄνδρα δεῦρ’ ἐλεύθερον, ὅστις πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἀντὶ σοῦ λέξει τὰ 04; 2 2 σοῦ γὰρ λέγοντος οὐκέτ’ ἂν μάθοιμ’ ἐγώ· τὴν βάρβαρον γὰρ γλῶσσαν οὐκ ἐπαΐϊω. ΧΟ. an’ 8 2 2 2 2 εἴθ’ ὑμὶν ἀμφοῖν νοῦς γένοιτο σωφρονεῖν· τούτου γὰρ οὐδὲν σφῷν ἔχω λῷον φράσαι, ΤΕΥφεῦ· τοῦ θανόντος ὡς ταχεῖά τις βροτοῖς Χάρις διαρρεῖ καὶ προδοῦσ’ ἁλίσκεται, ; 2 2 r 2 εἰ σοῦ V ὅδ’ ἁνὴρ οὐδ’ ἐπὶ σμικρῶν λόγων, al 7 Atas, & ἴσχει μνῆστιν, οὗ σὺ πολλάκις τὴν σὴν προτείνων προὔκαμες ψυχὴν δορί· : - ἀλλ’ οἴχεται δὴ πάντα ταῦτ’ ἐρριμμένα. ὦ πολλὰ λέξας ἄρτι κἀνόητ’ ἔπη, οὐ μνημονεύεις οὐκέτ’ οὐδέν, ἡνίκα

-

1261. ὅστις] ὅτις () L. ὅστις CA. 1265. AGov φράσαι om. L. add. C2. 1268. εἰ σοῦ] οὐ σοῦ L2. ἁνήρ] ἀνὴρ LA. 1269. ἴσχει] ἔχει LT. 1271. ἐρριμμένα] ἔριμμένα LD. ἐρριμμένα C2 Pal. 1272. κἀνόητ’] κἀνόητ’ LALA m κἀνόητ’ C. κἀνόνητ’ Pal. Vat. ac VVMR. κἀνόνητ· γρ. κἀνόητα M2.

-

1259. 8s εἶ ‘What you are.’ Cp. Eur. Alc. 640, ἔδειξας .. bs εἶ. φύσιν is here at once ‘by birth’ and in nature.’ 1262. οὐκέτ’] No Ionger,’"1i. e. not then (when you are speaking). Essay on L. § 24. p. 41, 2. 1263. Hesione was of Trojan, i.e. Phrygian, birth. 1266. ὡς ταχεῖά ris] ‘How swiftly, somehow1’ For τις added to the sup- plementary predicate, cp. O. T. 618, ὅταν ταχύς τις οὐπιβουλεύων λάθρα | Χωρῇ, and see Essay on L. § 22. p. 36, sub fin. Cp. also for the meaning of ra- χεῖα, Pind. Pyth. 1. 161, raxelas ἐλπίδας. 1267. Bappe] ‘Melts away.’ Cp. Trach. 698, pei πᾶν ἄδηλον. Cp. Shak. Midsummer Night’s Dream, 4. 1, ‘My love to Hermia, | Melted as doth the snow, seems to me now | As the re- membrance of an idle gaud.’ καὶ προδοῦσ’ ἀλίσκεται)] ‘And is found to tum traitor. An idiomatic

-

phrase, for which, cp. Ant. 46, οὐ γὰρ δὴ προδοῦσ’ AAdouat. 1268. οὐδ’ ἐπὶ σμικρῶν λόγων] Not even in the least degree.’ Lit. either (1) ‘On a slight account,’ or (2) Wiih a slight word.2 For (I), cp. Plat. Rep. 7. 524 E, ὥσπερ ἐπὶ τοῦ δακτύλου ἐλέγο- pev. And for (2), cp. O. C. 746, κἀπὶ προσπόλου μιᾶς | βιοστερῆ χωροῦντα. 1270. τὴν σὴν προτείνων . . ψυχὴν 80pi] :Exposing thy life in war.’ Perhaps αὐτοῦ should be resumed from οὗ. Cp. 11. 9. 322, αἰὲν ἐμὴν ψυχὴν παραβαλλόμενος πολεμίζειν. 1271. οἴχεται . . ἐρριμμένα] ‘Are cast away.’ a periphrasis like οἴχεται Gaviw (Phil. 414). Compare especially Andoc. 19. 7, οὐκ ἔστιν . . Eri λοϊπὸς τοῦ γένους τοῦ ἡμετέρου οὐδείς, AAN οἴχεται πᾶν πρόρριζον. 1272. κἀνόνητ’, although a possible reading, may be due to κἀνόνητα above. ‘Senseless’ is more pointed here than prolitless.

+

+ θαρσῶν + ὑβρίζεις + κἀξελευθεροστομεῖς. + + οὐ + σωφρονήσεις; + οὐ + μαθὼν + ὃς + εἶ + φύσιν + + ἄλλον + τιν’ + ἄξεις + ἄνδρα + δεῦρ’ + ἐλεύθερον, + + ὅστις + πρὸς + ἡμᾶς + ἀντὶ + σοῦ + λέξει + τὰ + 04; + + 2 + 2 + + σοῦ + γὰρ + λέγοντος + οὐκέτ’ + ἂν + μάθοιμ’ + ἐγώ· + + τὴν + βάρβαρον + γὰρ + γλῶσσαν + οὐκ + ἐπαΐϊω. + + ΧΟ. + + an’ + 8 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + + εἴθ’ + ὑμὶν + ἀμφοῖν + νοῦς + γένοιτο + σωφρονεῖν· + + τούτου + γὰρ + οὐδὲν + σφῷν + ἔχω + λῷον + φράσαι, + + ΤΕΥφεῦ· + τοῦ + θανόντος + ὡς + ταχεῖά + τις + βροτοῖς + + Χάρις + διαρρεῖ + καὶ + προδοῦσ’ + ἁλίσκεται, + + ; + 2 + 2 + r + 2 + + εἰ + σοῦ + V + ὅδ’ + ἁνὴρ + οὐδ’ + ἐπὶ + σμικρῶν + λόγων, + + al + 7 + + Atas, + & + ἴσχει + μνῆστιν, + οὗ + σὺ + πολλάκις + + τὴν + σὴν + προτείνων + προὔκαμες + ψυχὴν + δορί· + + : + - + + ἀλλ’ + οἴχεται + δὴ + πάντα + ταῦτ’ + ἐρριμμένα. + + ὦ + πολλὰ + λέξας + ἄρτι + κἀνόητ’ + ἔπη, + + οὐ + μνημονεύεις + οὐκέτ’ + οὐδέν, + ἡνίκα + +

+ Critical Apparatus +

+ 1261. + ὅστις] + ὅτις + () + L. + ὅστις + CA. + + 1265. + AGov + φράσαι + om. + L. + add. + C2. + + 1268. + εἰ + σοῦ] + οὐ + σοῦ + L2. + + ἁνήρ] + ἀνὴρ + LA. + + 1269. + ἴσχει] + ἔχει + LT. + 1271. + + ἐρριμμένα] + ἔριμμένα + LD. + + ἐρριμμένα + C2 + Pal. + + 1272. + κἀνόητ’] + κἀνόητ’ + LALA + + m + + κἀνόητ’ + C. + κἀνόνητ’ + Pal. + Vat. + ac + VVMR. + κἀνόνητ· + γρ. + κἀνόητα + M2. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 1259. + 8s + εἶ + ‘What + you + are.’ + Cp. + + Eur. + Alc. + 640, + ἔδειξας + .. + bs + εἶ. + + φύσιν + is + here + at + once + ‘by + birth’ + and + + in + nature.’ + + 1262. + οὐκέτ’] + + No + Ionger,’"1i. + e. + not + + then + (when + you + are + speaking). + + Essay + + on + L. + § + 24. + p. + 41, + 2. + + 1263. + Hesione + was + of + Trojan, + i.e. + + Phrygian, + birth. + + 1266. + ὡς + ταχεῖά + ris] + ‘How + swiftly, + + somehow1’ + For + τις + added + to + the + sup- + + plementary + predicate, + cp. + O. + T. + 618, + + ὅταν + ταχύς + τις + οὐπιβουλεύων + λάθρα + | + + Χωρῇ, + and + see + Essay + on + L. + § + 22. + p. + 36, + + sub + fin. + Cp. + also + for + the + meaning + of + ra- + + χεῖα, + Pind. + Pyth. + 1. + 161, + raxelas + ἐλπίδας. + + 1267. + Bappe] + ‘Melts + away.’ + Cp. + + Trach. + 698, + pei + πᾶν + ἄδηλον. + Cp. + Shak. + + Midsummer + Night’s + Dream, + 4. + 1, + ‘My + + love + to + Hermia, + | + Melted + as + doth + the + + snow, + seems + to + me + now + | + As + the + re- + + membrance + of + an + idle + gaud.’ + + καὶ + προδοῦσ’ + ἀλίσκεται)] + ‘And + is + + found + to + tum + traitor. + An + idiomatic + +

+ Commentary +

+ phrase, + for + which, + cp. + Ant. + 46, + οὐ + γὰρ + + δὴ + προδοῦσ’ + AAdouat. + + 1268. + οὐδ’ + ἐπὶ + σμικρῶν + λόγων] + Not + + even + in + the + least + degree.’ + Lit. + either + + (1) + ‘On + a + slight + account,’ + or + (2) + Wiih + + a + slight + word.2 + For + (I), + cp. + Plat. + Rep. + + 7. + 524 + E, + ὥσπερ + ἐπὶ + τοῦ + δακτύλου + ἐλέγο- + + pev. + And + for + (2), + cp. + O. + C. + 746, + κἀπὶ + + προσπόλου + μιᾶς + | + βιοστερῆ + χωροῦντα. + + 1270. + τὴν + σὴν + προτείνων + . + . + ψυχὴν + + 80pi] + :Exposing + thy + life + in + war.’ + + Perhaps + αὐτοῦ + should + be + resumed + from + + οὗ. + Cp. + 11. + 9. + 322, + αἰὲν + ἐμὴν + ψυχὴν + + παραβαλλόμενος + πολεμίζειν. + + 1271. + οἴχεται + . + . + ἐρριμμένα] + ‘Are + + cast + away.’ + a + periphrasis + like + οἴχεται + + Gaviw + (Phil. + 414). + Compare + especially + + Andoc. + 19. + 7, + οὐκ + ἔστιν + . + . + Eri + λοϊπὸς + τοῦ + + γένους + τοῦ + ἡμετέρου + οὐδείς, + AAN + οἴχεται + + πᾶν + πρόρριζον. + + 1272. + κἀνόνητ’, + although + a + possible + + reading, + may + be + due + to + κἀνόνητα + above. + + ‘Senseless’ + is + more + pointed + here + than + + prolitless. + +

-

1274. ἑρκέων] Sc. ἔσω, implied in ἐγκεκλῃμένους. When the Greeks were driven within their lines, their own ramparts were like a trap in which they were caught. 1275. ἔν τροπῇ bopbs] ‘When the battle was already turned against you:’ —when the rout had begun. 1276-8. ἀμφὶ . . φλέγοντο5] ‘When around the ships the fire already blazed so as to scorch the quarter-decks.’ The ships being fired from the stern, what- ever was most combustible abaft each vessel would first catch fire. ἑδωλίοι5ς] This is commonly ex- plained to mean ‘"the rowers’ benches,’ in which case ἄκροισιν is difficult to explain. But several passages indicate that ἑδώλια was the name given to those places in the vessel, chiefly at the stern, where persons not engaged in working her might sit. See the gloss on this line in Pal. R. 34, candauacw,-also the Scholiast on Lycophr. 296, quoted by Dindorf in Steph. Thes. s. v. ἔξ ἑδωλίων πηδῶντες]τῶν σανιδωμάτων kal καταστρω- μάτων τῆς νεώς; Etym. Magn. p. 455. 4 (bid.), τόπον τῆς νεὼς βάσῖιν Exovra .. ὃ καὶ ἑδώλιόν φασιν and cp. Eur. Hel. 1571, Ἑλένη καθέζετ’ ἐν μέδοις ἐδωλίοις, ib. 1602, 3, παρακέλευσμα δ’ ἦν | πρύμνη- θεν Ἑλένης (had she left the midmost benches,—no doubt finding them uncom- fortable,—for the stem?): also EHdt. I. 211, στάντα ἐν τοῖσι ἑδωλίοισι (evidently

-

a platform in a particular part of the ship). This agrees with other meanings of the word. dxpoic means the part of ἑδώλια towards the extreme stern. Cp. Od. 9. 5 40, οἰήϊον ἄκρον ἱκέσθαι. The whole description is probably taken from an Αἴαντος ἀριστεία, differing in some par- ticulars from the Iliad, as, for instance, in ignoring the part taken by Patroclus in the defence of the ships. Hence no attempt need be made to reconcile the picture of Hector rushing with high Bounds to cross the trench and board the fleet, with the narrative in II. 14. 15. 1281. ὃν . . ποδί] ‘Who, as thou sayest. on no occasion set his foot by thine.’ What Agamemnon said, supr. 1237, was different from this; but Teucer speaks with the exaggeration of anger. Cp. Ant. 208, 485, and note. For the expression, cp. Shak. Julius Caesar, I. 3. ‘"... And I will set this foot of mine as far | As who goes farthest.’ 1282. ‘Iwonder if in this you find a righteous act of Ajax’27 ὑμίν, not= eis opds, but a dative of reference in construction with the whole sentence. 1283. χῶτ’ ads) ὅτε resumes ἡνίκα, supr. 1273, without any precise ante- cedent, though dp" οὐκ ἐνδίκως ἔδρασεν; may be supplied from the preceding line. abr6s) By himself’ and not now in conjunction with the Atreidae. 1284. κἀκέλευστος. See II. 7. 164. 1284-7. The spirit of these lines

+

+ ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

+

+ ἑρκέων + ποθ’ + ὑμᾶς + οὗτος + ἐγκεκλῃμένους, + +

+

+ 2 + 2 + ’ + +

+

+ ἤδη + τὸ + μηδὲν + ἄντας, + ἐν + τροπῇ + δορὸς + +

+

+ 1275 + +

+

+ ἐρρύσατ’ + ἐλθὼν + μοῦνος, + dupl + μὲν + νεῶν + +

+

+ - + 8 + 8 + 2 + +

+

+ ἄκροισιν + ἤδη + ναυτικοῖς + ἑδωλίοις + +

+

+ πυρὸς + φλέγοντος, + εἰς + δὲ + ναυτικὰ + σκάφη + +

+

+ πηδῶντος + ἄρδην + Ἕκτορος + τάφρων + ὕπερ; + +

+

+ τίς + ταῦτ’ + ἀπεῖρξεν; + οὐχ + 65 + 8 + δρῶν + τάδε, + +

+

+ 2 + 2 + 2 + z + +

+

+ 1280 + +

+

+ ὃν + οὐδαμοῦ + φἧς + οὐδὲ + συμβῆναι + ποδί; + +

+

+ - + 2 + ’. + +

+

+ 155. + +

+

+ ap + ὑμὶν + οὗτος + ταῦτ’ + ἔδρασεν + ἔνδικα + ; + +

+

+ 8 + 2 + A + . + +

+

+ xI7 + αὖθις + αὐτὸς + Ἕκτορος + μόνος + μόνου, + +

+

+ 7 + 1 + z + z + +

+

+ λαχών + τε + κἀκέλευστος, + ἦλθ’ + ἐναντίος, + +

+

+ 2 + +

+

+ 1294. + ἐγκεκλῃμένους] + ἐγκεκλειμένουσ + L. + ἐγκεκλεισμένους + A. + +

+

+ 1276. + μοῦνος + +

+

+ om, + L. + add. + C2A. + +

+

+ 1277. + ἐδωλίοις] + gl. + σανιδώμασιν + Pal + R. + +

+

+ 1280. + ἀπεῖρξεν] + +

+

+ ἀπῆρξεν + L. + ἀπεῖρξεν + C. + +

+

+ 1281. + οὐδαμοῦ] + οὐδαμοῦ + A. + +

+

+ 1284. + ἐναντίο5 + +

+

+ ἐναντιος + L. + ἦλθεν + arrioc + AVat: + ac + M + mg. + M2. + +

+

+ Garrtes + T + Pal. + M. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 1274. + ἑρκέων] + Sc. + ἔσω, + implied + in + + ἐγκεκλῃμένους. + When + the + Greeks + were + + driven + within + their + lines, + their + own + + ramparts + were + like + a + trap + in + which + they + + were + caught. + + 1275. + ἔν + τροπῇ + bopbs] + ‘When + the + + battle + was + already + turned + against + you:’ + + —when + the + rout + had + begun. + + 1276-8. + ἀμφὶ + . + . + φλέγοντο5] + ‘When + + around + the + ships + the + fire + already + blazed + + so + as + to + scorch + the + quarter-decks.’ + The + + ships + being + fired + from + the + stern, + what- + + ever + was + most + combustible + abaft + each + + vessel + would + first + catch + fire. + + ἑδωλίοι5ς] + This + is + commonly + ex- + + plained + to + mean + ‘"the + rowers’ + benches,’ + + in + which + case + ἄκροισιν + is + difficult + to + + explain. + But + several + passages + indicate + + that + ἑδώλια + was + the + name + given + to + those + + places + in + the + vessel, + chiefly + at + the + stern, + + where + persons + not + engaged + in + working + + her + might + sit. + See + the + gloss + on + this + line + + in + Pal. + R. + 34, + candauacw,-also + the + + Scholiast + on + Lycophr. + 296, + quoted + by + + Dindorf + in + Steph. + Thes. + s. + v. + ἔξ + ἑδωλίων + + πηδῶντες]τῶν + σανιδωμάτων + kal + καταστρω- + + μάτων + τῆς + νεώς; + Etym. + Magn. + p. + 455. + 4 + + (bid.), + τόπον + τῆς + νεὼς + βάσῖιν + Exovra + .. + + ὃ + καὶ + ἑδώλιόν + φασιν + and + cp. + Eur. + Hel. + + 1571, + Ἑλένη + καθέζετ’ + ἐν + μέδοις + ἐδωλίοις, + + ib. + 1602, + 3, + παρακέλευσμα + δ’ + ἦν + | + πρύμνη- + + θεν + Ἑλένης + (had + she + left + the + midmost + + benches,—no + doubt + finding + them + uncom- + + fortable,—for + the + stem?): + also + EHdt. + I. + + 211, + στάντα + ἐν + τοῖσι + ἑδωλίοισι + (evidently + +

+ Commentary +

+ a + platform + in + a + particular + part + of + the + + ship). + This + agrees + with + other + meanings + + of + the + word. + dxpoic + means + the + part + + of + ἑδώλια + towards + the + extreme + stern. + + Cp. + Od. + 9. + 5 + 40, + οἰήϊον + ἄκρον + ἱκέσθαι. + The + + whole + description + is + probably + taken + from + + an + Αἴαντος + ἀριστεία, + differing + in + some + par- + + ticulars + from + the + Iliad, + as, + for + instance, + + in + ignoring + the + part + taken + by + Patroclus + + in + the + defence + of + the + ships. + Hence + no + + attempt + need + be + made + to + reconcile + the + + picture + of + Hector + rushing + with + high + + Bounds + to + cross + the + trench + and + board + the + + fleet, + with + the + narrative + in + II. + 14. + 15. + + 1281. + ὃν + . + . + ποδί] + ‘Who, + as + thou + + sayest. + on + no + occasion + set + his + foot + by + + thine.’ + What + Agamemnon + said, + supr. + + 1237, + was + different + from + this; + but + Teucer + + speaks + with + the + exaggeration + of + anger. + + Cp. + Ant. + 208, + 485, + and + note. + For + the + + expression, + cp. + Shak. + Julius + Caesar, + I. + + 3. + ‘"... + And + I + will + set + this + foot + of + mine + + as + far + | + As + who + goes + farthest.’ + + 1282. + ‘Iwonder + if + in + this + you + find + a + + righteous + act + of + Ajax’27 + ὑμίν, + not= + + eis + opds, + but + a + dative + of + reference + in + + construction + with + the + whole + sentence. + + 1283. + χῶτ’ + ads) + ὅτε + resumes + ἡνίκα, + + supr. + 1273, + without + any + precise + ante- + + cedent, + though + dp" + οὐκ + ἐνδίκως + ἔδρασεν; + + may + be + supplied + from + the + preceding + line. + + abr6s) + By + himself’ + and + not + now + + in + conjunction + with + the + Atreidae. + + 1284. + κἀκέλευστος. + See + II. + 7. + 164. + + 1284-7. + The + spirit + of + these + lines + +

-

agrees with II. 7 186-9, ἀλλ’ ὅτε δὴ τὸν ἵκανε, φέρων ἀν’ ὅμιλον ἀπάντη, ös μν ἐπιγράψας νέῃ βάλε, φαίδιμος Afas, | ἤτοι ὑπέσχεοε χεῖρ’· ὁ δ’ άρ’ ἔμβαλεν, ἄγχι Fapacrds νῶ δὲ κχήρου σῆμα ἰδών, γήθησε δὲ θυμῷ. 1285. ‘Not making his lot to sink into the hollow of the helmet, and to skulk there. ie. refuse to show itself when the helmet was shaken (as having crumbled away). δραπέτην contains a metaphor from a runaway slave eluding search, and also an allusion to the derivation from πίπτω. Sophocles, or the Cyclic poet before him, here assigns to Odysseus, or some other rival of Ajax, the action elsewhere attributed to Cresphontes at the division of the Pelo- ponnese amongst the Heracleids. 1287. κυνῆς] ĩ. e. ἐκ κυνῆς, "From the helmet.’ Cp. especially O. T. 808, ὄχου, and note. ἅλμα κουφιεῖν] To spring lightly, is an example of what in the Essay on L. § 17. p. 25c, has been called the use of the cognate verb. Cp. Eur. El. 861, πήδημα Κουφίζουσα and, for the sense, II. 7. 182, “ub ope κλῆρος ar. 1288. σὺν 8 ἐγὼ παρῶν] - And I too. not far off.7 Essay on L § 18. p. 26, § 40. p. 75. mapdw implies that Teucer was faithful to his post. Cp. Phil. 379.

-

οὐκ ἦσθ’ ἵν’ ἡμεῖς, ἀλλ’ ἀπῆσθ’, ot σ’ ἔδει. For Teucer’s services, cp. Il. 15. 437, alib. 1290. ‘Poor man! and what can you be thinking of when you say 117’ ie. How can you be so blind? adc4 refers to the general sense of the preceding words, as constantly in Thucydides. kat is to be taken closely with the interrogative. 1292. "That Pelops was originally a barbarian Phrygian.’ The adjective, as suppl. pred., has the force of an adverb, i.e. ἀρχῆθεν or τὸ ἀρχαῖον. Cp. Ant. 593, dpxata τὰ Λαβδακιδᾶν, k. TA. Perhaps rdpxaiov should be read. For Φρύγα (a word always used contempt- uously, as in Eur. Alc. 675, πότέρα Λυδὸν f) Φρύγα, u.r.x.), cp. HL. 7. IT, ao ὁ φρύξ. 1293. bs al σ’ ἔσπειρε] These words, with 34, point the antithesis to σοῦ πατρὸς ulv.. πατήρ, supr. 1291. δυσσε- βέστατον has been jqined wilh c4, and by some with "Arpéa. But for the addition of this epithet to δεῖπνον οἰκείων τέκνων, to which Hermann objects, cp. O. C. 945, 6, οὐδ’ ὅτῳ γάμοι ſ ξυνοόντες εὑρέθησαν ἀνόσιοι τέκνων, Ant. 514. 1297. ‘Gave her up to be devoured by dumb fishes.’ The ancient Scholiast says: 4 ἱστορία & ταῖς Κρήσσαις Epi-

+

+ AIAEX. + +

+

+ οὐ + δραπέτην + τὸν + κλῆρον + εἰς + μέσον + καθείς, + +

+

+ i + 2. + 2 + +

+

+ 1285 + +

+

+ ὑγρᾶς + ἀρούρας + βῶλον, + ἀλλ’ + ὃς + εὐλόφου + +

+

+ κυνῆς + ἔμελλε + πρῶτος + ἅλμα + κουφιεῖν; + +

+

+ 85 + fiv + 6 + πράσσων + ταῦτα, + σὺν + δ’ + ἐγὼ + παρών, + +

+

+ a71 + 2 + A + +

+

+ ὁ + δοῦλος, + οὐκ + τῆς + βαρβάρου + μητρὸς + γεγώς. + +

+

+ δύστηνε, + ποῖ + βλέπων + ποτ’ + αὐτὰ + καὶ + Gpols + ; + +

+

+ 7 + — + +

+

+ 1290 + +

+

+ οὐκ + οἶσθα + σοῦ + πατρὸς + μὲν + ὃς + προὔφυ + πατὴρ + +

+

+ ἀρχαῖον + ὄντα + Πέλοπα + βάρβαρον + Φρύγα; + +

+

+ 5 + ’ + 2 + +

+

+ Ἀτρέα + δ’, + ὃς + abd + o + ἔσπειρε, + δυσσεβέστατον + +

+

+ προθέντ’ + ἀδελφῷ + δεῖπνον + οἰκείων + τέκνων; + +

+

+ 2 + +

+

+ αὐτὸς + δὲ + μητρὸς + ἐξέφυς + Κρήσσης, + ἐφ’ + 5 + +

+

+ 1295 + +

+

+ λαβὼν + ἐπακτὸν + ἀνδρ’ + ὁ + φιτύσας + πατὴρ + +

+

+ ἐφῆκεν + ἐλλοῖς + ἰχθύσιν + διαφθοράν. + +

+

+ 1285. + δραπέτην] + δράπετην + L. + +

+

+ 1290. + αὐτά] + αὐτὸσ + Co + +

+

+ ἄυτο + A. + 1293. + , + δυσ- + +

+

+ σεβέστατον] + sic + interp. + Vat. + a. + +

+

+ 1294. + προθέντ’] + προσθέντ’ + Pal. + +

+

+ 1295. + abris) + +

+

+ yp. + αὖθισ + Cinterl. + +

+

+ 1296. + φιτύσα7 + φυτεύσας + .ALLe + Pal. + and + most + MSS. + +

+ Commentary +

+ agrees + with + II. + 7 + 186-9, + ἀλλ’ + ὅτε + δὴ + + τὸν + ἵκανε, + φέρων + ἀν’ + ὅμιλον + ἀπάντη, + ös + + μν + ἐπιγράψας + νέῃ + βάλε, + φαίδιμος + Afas, + | + + ἤτοι + ὑπέσχεοε + χεῖρ’· + ὁ + δ’ + άρ’ + ἔμβαλεν, + + ἄγχι + Fapacrds + νῶ + δὲ + κχήρου + σῆμα + + ἰδών, + γήθησε + δὲ + θυμῷ. + + 1285. + ‘Not + making + his + lot + to + sink + + into + the + hollow + of + the + helmet, + and + to + + skulk + there. + ie. + refuse + to + show + itself + + when + the + helmet + was + shaken + (as + having + + crumbled + away). + δραπέτην + contains + a + + metaphor + from + a + runaway + slave + eluding + + search, + and + also + an + allusion + to + the + + derivation + from + πίπτω. + Sophocles, + or + + the + Cyclic + poet + before + him, + here + assigns + + to + Odysseus, + or + some + other + rival + of + + Ajax, + the + action + elsewhere + attributed + to + + Cresphontes + at + the + division + of + the + Pelo- + + ponnese + amongst + the + Heracleids. + + 1287. + κυνῆς] + ĩ. + e. + ἐκ + κυνῆς, + "From + + the + helmet.’ + Cp. + especially + O. + T. + 808, + + ὄχου, + and + note. + + ἅλμα + κουφιεῖν] + To + spring + lightly, + + is + an + example + of + what + in + the + Essay + on + + L. + § + 17. + p. + 25c, + has + been + called + the + use + + of + the + cognate + verb. + Cp. + Eur. + El. + 861, + + πήδημα + Κουφίζουσα + and, + for + the + sense, + + II. + 7. + 182, + “ub + ope + κλῆρος + ar. + + 1288. + σὺν + 8 + ἐγὼ + παρῶν] + - + And + I + too. + + not + far + off.7 + Essay + on + L + § + 18. + p. + 26, + + § + 40. + p. + 75. + mapdw + implies + that + Teucer + + was + faithful + to + his + post. + Cp. + Phil. + 379. + +

+ Commentary +

+ οὐκ + ἦσθ’ + ἵν’ + ἡμεῖς, + ἀλλ’ + ἀπῆσθ’, + ot + σ’ + + ἔδει. + For + Teucer’s + services, + cp. + Il. + 15. + + 437, + alib. + + 1290. + ‘Poor + man! + and + what + can + you + + be + thinking + of + when + you + say + 117’ + ie. + + How + can + you + be + so + blind? + adc4 + refers + + to + the + general + sense + of + the + preceding + + words, + as + constantly + in + Thucydides. + + kat + is + to + be + taken + closely + with + the + + interrogative. + + 1292. + "That + Pelops + was + originally + + a + barbarian + Phrygian.’ + The + adjective, + + as + suppl. + pred., + has + the + force + of + an + + adverb, + i.e. + ἀρχῆθεν + or + τὸ + ἀρχαῖον. + Cp. + + Ant. + 593, + dpxata + τὰ + Λαβδακιδᾶν, + k. + TA. + + Perhaps + rdpxaiov + should + be + read. + For + + Φρύγα + (a + word + always + used + contempt- + + uously, + as + in + Eur. + Alc. + 675, + πότέρα + + Λυδὸν + f) + Φρύγα, + u.r.x.), + cp. + HL. + 7. + IT, + + ao + ὁ + φρύξ. + + 1293. + bs + al + σ’ + ἔσπειρε] + These + words, + + with + 34, + point + the + antithesis + to + σοῦ + + πατρὸς + ulv.. + πατήρ, + supr. + 1291. + δυσσε- + + βέστατον + has + been + jqined + wilh + c4, + and + + by + some + with + "Arpéa. + But + for + the + + addition + of + this + epithet + to + δεῖπνον + οἰκείων + + τέκνων, + to + which + Hermann + objects, + cp. + + O. + C. + 945, + 6, + οὐδ’ + ὅτῳ + γάμοι + ſ + ξυνοόντες + + εὑρέθησαν + ἀνόσιοι + τέκνων, + Ant. + 514. + + 1297. + ‘Gave + her + up + to + be + devoured + + by + dumb + fishes.’ + The + ancient + Scholiast + + says: + 4 + ἱστορία + & + ταῖς + Κρήσσαις + Epi- + +

-

πίδου, ὅτι διαφθαρεῖσαν αὐτὴν λάθρα ὑπὸ θεράποντος, ὁ πατὴρ Ναυπλίῳ παρέδωκεν, ἐντειλάμενος ἀποποντῶσαι· 6 δὲ οὐκ ἐποίησεν, ἀλλ’ ἐνεγγύησε Πλεισθένει. (It is possible also to suppose ὁ φ. πατήρ to mean Atreus, and ἔπακτον ἄνδρα Thyestes.) For the aggravation of the taunt in ἐλλοῖς ἰχθύσιν; cp. II. 21. 201-4, τὸν Kkar αὐτόθι λεῖπεν, ἐπεὶ φίλον ἦτορ ἀπηύρα, | κείμενον ἐν ψαμάθοισι, δίαινε δέ μιν μέλαν Gwp. 0 μὲν ἄρ’ ἐγχέλυές τε καὶ ἰχθύες ἀμφεπένοντο,| δημὸν ἐρεπτόμενοι ἐπινεφρίδιον κείροντες. διαφθοράν is either (I) accusative in apposition with the sentence, express- ing the result of the action, or (2) abstract for concrete, in apposition with aiv understood as the object of ἐφῆκεν. Cp. Aesch. Prom. 582 foll., πυρί με φλέξον . ἢ ποντίοις δάκεσι δὸς βοράν. 1298. τοιῷδ’] Herm. preferred τοι- άνδ’, which is found in some MSS. 1299. πατρὸς μέν] The δέ answering to this uv (unrps Baairelas, or the like) is lost through the introduction of the relatiye clause in 1. 1300. 1301. loxes] Historical present. 1302. βασίλεια, Λαομέδοντο5] ‘A princess, daughter of Laomedon.’

-

1302, 3. ἔκκρυτον δέ νιν, κιτ.λ.1 This shows that she was not only the noblest, but the most beautiful. 1394. 5. ‘Should I, thus nobly born from princes on both sides, reflect dis- grace upon my kin2’ Cp. II. 6. 208- io, αἰὲν ἀριστέύειν . . μηδὲ γένος πατέ- ρων αἰσχυνέμεν, οἱ μέγ’ ἄριστοι | ἔν τ’ Ἐφύρῃ ἔγένοντο καὶ ἐν Νυκίῃ εὐρείῃ. 1306. τοιοῖσδ’ ἐν πόνοισι κειμένου] Cp. supr. 924, ὡς καὶ παρ’ ἐχθροῖς ἄξιος θρήνων τυχεῖν. 1307. οὐδ’ ἐπαισχύνει λέγων] And are not ashamed to speak of it.’ Cp. Phil. 929 and note. 1308. τοῦτον εἰ βαλεῦτέ που] ‘Ifye shall cast him forth, no matter where.’ Cp. infr. 1333, ἄθαπτον .. Bahkeiv. 1309. ‘It will not be till ye have laid low us three together with him.’ Teucer, Eurysaces, and Tecmessa, wil’ die in defending the corpse. Others, following Triclinius, understand the meaning to be, ‘"If you attempt to cast him forth, you will fay me and yourself beside him, three laid together.’ 1310. ὑπερπονουμένῳ] For the middle voice, cp. EL 399, πέσούμεθ’, εἰ χρή, πατρὶ ripwpotperol.

+

+ ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

+

+ τοιοῦτος + ὢν + τοιῷδ’ + ὀνειδίζεις + σποράν; + +

+

+ ~ + z + . + +

+

+ ὃς + ἐκ + πατρὸς + μέν + εἰμι + Τελαμῶνος + yeyos, + +

+

+ 5 + 2 + A + z + * + 7 + 2 + 2 + +

+

+ ὅστις + στρατοῦ + τὰ + πρῶτ’ + ἀριστεύσας + 1300 + +

+

+ 2 + 2—2 + - + +

+

+ ἐμὴν + +

+

+ ἴσχει + ξύνευνον + μητέρ’, + ἢ + φύσει + μὲν + ἢν + +

+

+ ’ + 2 + zZ + +

+

+ βασίλεια, + Λαομέδοντος· + ἔκκριτον + δέ + νιν + +

+

+ ’ + z + .2 + δέ + +

+

+ δώρημ’ + ἐκείνῳ + ἔδωκεν + Ἀλκμήνης + γόνος. + +

+

+ Ζ + +

+

+ ap + ὧδ’ + ἄριστος + ἐξ + ἀριστέοιν + δυοῖν + +

+

+ βλαστὼν + ἂν + αἰσχύνοιμι + τοὺς + πρὸς + αἵματος, + +

+

+ ’" + +

+

+ 1305 + +

+

+ obs + νῦν + σὺ + τοιοῖσδ’ + ἐν + πόνοισι + κειμένους + +

+

+ 2 + — + 2 + +

+

+ ὠθεῖς + ἀθάπτους, + οὐδ’ + ἐπαισχύνει + λέγων; + +

+

+ — + i + z + +

+

+ εὖ + νυν + 768 + ἴσθι, + τοῦτον + εἰ + βαλεῖτέ + που, + +

+

+ - + ; + ~_’ + +

+

+ βαλεῖτε + χἠμᾶς + τρεῖς + ὁμοῦ + συγκειμένους. + +

+

+ ἐπεὶ + καλόν + μοι + τοῦδ’ + ὑπερπονουμένῳ + +

+

+ 2 + 8 + z + an + . + Ζ + +

+

+ 1310 + +

+

+ 1298. + òveidigeis] + ὀνειδίζει + L. + ὀνειδίζεισ + CM. + +

+

+ 1301. + μητέρ’] + μητέρα + LC. + +

+

+ 1303. + δώρημ’ + ἐκείνῳ + ′δωκεν] + δώρημα + κείνῳ + δῶκεν + LA. + +

+

+ δώρημα + κείνῳ + Τ, + δώρημα + +

+

+ κείνω + δῶκεν + Pal. + +

+

+ 1304. + ἀριστέοιν] + ἀριστέων + L. + +

+

+ ἀριστέοιν + CA. + 1305. + βλα- + +

+

+ στών] + βλαστῶν + L. + +

+

+ 1308. + νυν] + νῦν + LA. + +

+

+ 1309. + συγκειμένους] + γρ. + συνεμ- + +

+

+ πόρούσ + C3. + +

+

+ 1310. + ὑπερπονουμένῳ] + γρ. + πονουμένουσ + mg. + Co. + +

+ Commentary +

+ πίδου, + ὅτι + διαφθαρεῖσαν + αὐτὴν + λάθρα + ὑπὸ + + θεράποντος, + ὁ + πατὴρ + Ναυπλίῳ + παρέδωκεν, + + ἐντειλάμενος + ἀποποντῶσαι· + 6 + δὲ + οὐκ + + ἐποίησεν, + ἀλλ’ + ἐνεγγύησε + Πλεισθένει. + (It + + is + possible + also + to + suppose + ὁ + φ. + πατήρ + + to + mean + Atreus, + and + ἔπακτον + ἄνδρα + + Thyestes.) + For + the + aggravation + of + the + + taunt + in + ἐλλοῖς + ἰχθύσιν; + cp. + + τὸν + Kkar + αὐτόθι + λεῖπεν, + ἐπεὶ + φίλον + + ἦτορ + ἀπηύρα, + | + κείμενον + ἐν + ψαμάθοισι, + + δίαινε + δέ + μιν + μέλαν + Gwp. + 0 + μὲν + ἄρ’ + + ἐγχέλυές + τε + καὶ + ἰχθύες + ἀμφεπένοντο,| + + δημὸν + ἐρεπτόμενοι + ἐπινεφρίδιον + κείροντες. + + διαφθοράν + is + either + (I) + accusative + in + + apposition + with + the + sentence, + express- + + ing + the + result + of + the + action, + or + (2) + + abstract + for + concrete, + in + apposition + + with + aiv + understood + as + the + object + of + + ἐφῆκεν. + Cp. + πυρί + + με + φλέξον + . + ἢ + ποντίοις + δάκεσι + δὸς + βοράν. + + 1298. + τοιῷδ’] + Herm. + preferred + τοι- + + άνδ’, + which + is + found + in + some + MSS. + + 1299. + πατρὸς + μέν] + The + δέ + answering + + to + this + uv + (unrps + Baairelas, + or + the + + like) + is + lost + through + the + introduction + of + + the + relatiye + clause + in + 1. + 1300. + + 1301. + loxes] + Historical + present. + + 1302. + βασίλεια, + Λαομέδοντο5] + ‘A + + princess, + daughter + of + Laomedon.’ + +

+ Commentary +

+ 1302, + 3. + ἔκκρυτον + δέ + νιν, + κιτ.λ.1 + This + + shows + that + she + was + not + only + the + noblest, + + but + the + most + beautiful. + + 1394. + 5. + ‘Should + I, + thus + nobly + born + + from + princes + on + both + sides, + reflect + dis- + + grace + upon + my + kin2’ + Cp. + + αἰὲν + ἀριστέύειν + . + . + μηδὲ + γένος + πατέ- + + ρων + αἰσχυνέμεν, + οἱ + μέγ’ + ἄριστοι + | + ἔν + τ’ + + Ἐφύρῃ + ἔγένοντο + καὶ + ἐν + Νυκίῃ + εὐρείῃ. + + 1306. + τοιοῖσδ’ + ἐν + πόνοισι + κειμένου] + + Cp. + supr. + 924, + ὡς + καὶ + παρ’ + ἐχθροῖς + ἄξιος + + θρήνων + τυχεῖν. + + 1307. + οὐδ’ + ἐπαισχύνει + λέγων] + And + + are + not + ashamed + to + speak + of + it.’ + Cp. + + and + note. + + 1308. + τοῦτον + εἰ + βαλεῦτέ + που] + ‘Ifye + + shall + cast + him + forth, + no + matter + where.’ + + Cp. + infr. + 1333, + ἄθαπτον + .. + Bahkeiv. + + 1309. + ‘It + will + not + be + till + ye + have + + laid + low + us + three + together + with + him.’ + + Teucer, + Eurysaces, + and + Tecmessa, + wil’ + + die + in + defending + the + corpse. + Others, + + following + Triclinius, + understand + the + + meaning + to + be, + ‘"If + you + attempt + to + cast + + him + forth, + you + will + fay + me + and + yourself + + beside + him, + three + laid + together.’ + + 1310. + ὑπερπονουμένῳ] + For + the + middle + + voice, + cp. + πέσούμεθ’, + εἰ + χρή, + + πατρὶ + ripwpotperol. + +

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1311. προδήλως] Teucer means by this that it would be more glorious to die in open quarrel for Ajax than to find an obscure grave amongst those whom he spoke of, supr. 1112, as of πόνου πολλοῦ πλέω. 1312. Erfurdt’s correction (see v. rr.) appears necessary. It is barely possible that . . re may=14 καί, but far more probable that γ’ was changed to r by accident, and 7’ to 6" by mistaken cor- rection. And γε is expressive, ‘Ay, or shall I say?’ as if replying to a tacit demurrer. Teucer in his anger, like Achilles in Il. 9. 327, ὀάρων ἕνεκα σφε- τεράων, does not choose to discrimi- nate nicely the relation of Helen to the Atreidae. 1313. ὅρα μὴ τοὐμόν] Cp. supr. 1255, 6, καὶ σοὶ προσέρπον τοῦτ’ ἐγὼ τὸ φάρμακον | ὁρῶ, where Agamemnon pro- fesses to warn Teucer for his good. 1315. Gpacis] Sc. γεγενῆσθαι. 1316. καιρόν] For this adverbial accusative, cp. supr. 34 and note: Pind. Pyth. I. 156, καιρὸν εἰ φθέγξαιο. 1316, 7. (1) ‘If you are come not to entangle, but to assist in adjusting this matter.’ Or, (2) "If not in time to begin the fray, at all events you are here to help in ending it.’ The expres- sion seems in either case to be prover- bial. In support of (2) it may be said

-

that the Chorus can have no doubt that the coming of Odysseus will help to compose strife. In this case (2) the verbs ἴσθι, πάρει, without connecting particle, may be either viewed as an asyndeton, or πάρει may be regarded as a resumption of ἐληλυθώς, returning to the indicative mood. The interpre- tation turns upon the question, which is the more natural image, that of a knot (or complication), for which, cp. Ant; 40, λύουσ’ ἂν ἢ φάπτουσα, or that of joining battle (ξυνάπτειν τινὰς ἐς μάχην, νείκεα Mew). Odysseus comes at the end of a fray.’ 1319. τῷδ’ ἐπ’ ἀλκίμῳ νεκρῷ] The difference of Odysseus’ spirit is at once seen in this tribute to the valour of his enemy. The part taken by him here is in accordance with his feeling in Od. 11. 548-51, ὡς uR ὄφελον νικᾶν τοιῷδ’ ἐπ’ ἀέθλῳ· | τοίην γὰρ κεφαλὴν ἕνεκ’ αὐτῶν γαῖα κατέσχέεν, | Αἴανθ’, bs πέρι μὲν εἶδος, πέρι pya τέτυκτο | τῶν ἄλλων Δαναῶν, uer’ ἀμύμονα Πηλείωνα. 1322, 3. Odysseus will not commit himself to a condemnation of Teucer till he knows what has been said. "Per- haps he only spoke under provocation.’ Cp. O. T. 523, 4, ἀλλ’ ἦλθε μὲν δὴ τοῦτο Tatveibos Tax ἂν | ὀργῇ βιασθὲν μᾶλλον ἢ γνώμῃ φρενῶν. 1323. συμβαλεῖν] For this epcxegetic

+

+ ΑΙΑΣ. + +

+

+ 113 + +

+

+ θανεῖν + προδήλως + μᾶλλον + ἢ + τῆς + σῆς + ὑπὲρ + +

+

+ γυναικός, + ἢ + +

+

+ 2 + +

+

+ - + a + t + ’ + 5 + +

+

+ τοῦ + σοῦ + Fyy + ὁμαίμονος + λέγω; + +

+

+ πρὸς + ταῦθ’ + ὅρα + μὴ + τοὐμόν, + ἀλλὰ + καὶ + τὸ + σόν. + +

+

+ Χ + a + # + +

+

+ 3 + y + 2 + +

+

+ ὡς + εἴ + ue + πημανεῖς + τι, + βουλήσει + ποτὲ + +

+

+ καὶ + δειλὸς + εἶναι + μᾶλλον + ἢ’ν + ἐμοὶ + θρασύς. + +

+

+ 1315 + +

+

+ ἄναξ + Ὀδυσσεῦ, + καιρὸν + ἴσθ’ + ἐληλυθώς, + +

+

+ εἰ + μὴ + ξυνάψων, + ἀλλὰ + συλλύσων + πάρει. + +

+

+ τί + δ’ + ἔστιν, + ἄνδρες; + τηλόθεν + γὰρ + σθόμην + +

+

+ βοὴν + Ἀτρειδῶν + τῷδ’ + ἐπ’ + ἀλκίμῳ + νεκρῷ. + +

+

+ ’ + ~ + 2 + ~" + +

+

+ L + οὐ + γὰρ + κλύοντές + ἐσμεν + αἰσχίστους + Abyous, + +

+

+ A + r + 2 + 2 + *. + z + +

+

+ 1320 + +

+

+ dvag + Ὀδυσσεῦ, + τοῦδ’ + ὑπ’ + ἀνδρὸς + ἀρτίως + ; + +

+

+ i + — + 2 + +

+

+ ποίους; + ἐγὼ + γὰρ + ἀνδρὶ + συγγνώμην + ἔχω + +

+

+ κλύοντι + φλαῦρα + συμβαλεῖν + ἔπη + κακά. + +

+

+ 1311. + ὑπέρ] + ὕπερ + LA. + +

+

+ 1312. + *] + MSS. + Erf. + corr. + +

+

+ 1320. + κλύοντές· + +

+

+ ἐσμεν] + κλύοντεσ + ἐσμὲν + LA. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 1311. + προδήλως] + Teucer + means + by + + this + that + it + would + be + more + glorious + to + + die + in + open + quarrel + for + Ajax + than + to + + find + an + obscure + grave + amongst + those + + whom + he + spoke + of, + supr. + 1112, + as + of + + πόνου + πολλοῦ + πλέω. + + 1312. + Erfurdt’s + correction + (see + v. + rr.) + + appears + necessary. + It + is + barely + possible + + that + . + . + re + may=14 + καί, + but + far + more + + probable + that + γ’ + was + changed + to + r + by + + accident, + and + 7’ + to + 6" + by + mistaken + cor- + + rection. + And + γε + is + expressive, + ‘Ay, + or + + shall + I + say?’ + as + if + replying + to + a + tacit + + demurrer. + Teucer + in + his + anger, + like + + Achilles + in + Il. + 9. + 327, + ὀάρων + ἕνεκα + σφε- + + τεράων, + does + not + choose + to + discrimi- + + nate + nicely + the + relation + of + Helen + to + the + + Atreidae. + + 1313. + ὅρα + μὴ + τοὐμόν] + Cp. + supr. + + 1255, + 6, + καὶ + σοὶ + προσέρπον + τοῦτ’ + ἐγὼ + τὸ + + φάρμακον + | + ὁρῶ, + where + Agamemnon + pro- + + fesses + to + warn + Teucer + for + his + good. + + 1315. + Gpacis] + Sc. + γεγενῆσθαι. + + 1316. + καιρόν] + For + this + adverbial + + accusative, + cp. + supr. + 34 + and + note: + Pind. + + Pyth. + I. + 156, + καιρὸν + εἰ + φθέγξαιο. + + 1316, + 7. + (1) + ‘If + you + are + come + not + to + + entangle, + but + to + assist + in + adjusting + this + + matter.’ + Or, + (2) + "If + not + in + time + to + + begin + the + fray, + at + all + events + you + are + + here + to + help + in + ending + it.’ + The + expres- + + sion + seems + in + either + case + to + be + prover- + + bial. + In + support + of + (2) + it + may + be + said + +

+ Commentary +

+ that + the + Chorus + can + have + no + doubt + + that + the + coming + of + Odysseus + will + help + + to + compose + strife. + In + this + case + (2) + the + + verbs + ἴσθι, + πάρει, + without + connecting + + particle, + may + be + either + viewed + as + an + + asyndeton, + or + πάρει + may + be + regarded + + as + a + resumption + of + ἐληλυθώς, + returning + + to + the + indicative + mood. + The + interpre- + + tation + turns + upon + the + question, + which + + is + the + more + natural + image, + that + of + a + + knot + (or + complication), + for + which, + cp. + + Ant; + 40, + λύουσ’ + ἂν + ἢ + φάπτουσα, + or + that + + of + joining + battle + (ξυνάπτειν + τινὰς + ἐς + + μάχην, + νείκεα + Mew). + Odysseus + comes + + at + the + end + of + a + fray.’ + + 1319. + τῷδ’ + ἐπ’ + ἀλκίμῳ + νεκρῷ] + The + + difference + of + Odysseus’ + spirit + is + at + once + + seen + in + this + tribute + to + the + valour + of + his + + enemy. + The + part + taken + by + him + here + is + + in + accordance + with + his + feeling + in + Od. + 11. + + 548-51, + ὡς + uR + ὄφελον + νικᾶν + τοιῷδ’ + + ἐπ’ + ἀέθλῳ· + | + τοίην + γὰρ + κεφαλὴν + ἕνεκ’ + + αὐτῶν + γαῖα + κατέσχέεν, + | + Αἴανθ’, + bs + πέρι + + μὲν + εἶδος, + πέρι + pya + τέτυκτο + | + τῶν + + ἄλλων + Δαναῶν, + uer’ + ἀμύμονα + Πηλείωνα. + + 1322, + 3. + Odysseus + will + not + commit + + himself + to + a + condemnation + of + Teucer + + till + he + knows + what + has + been + said. + "Per- + + haps + he + only + spoke + under + provocation.’ + + Cp. + O. + T. + 523, + 4, + ἀλλ’ + ἦλθε + μὲν + δὴ + τοῦτο + + Tatveibos + Tax + ἂν + | + ὀργῇ + βιασθὲν + μᾶλλον + + ἢ + γνώμῃ + φρενῶν. + + 1323. + συμβαλεῖν] + For + this + epcxegetic + +

+

+ VOL. + II. + +

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inf. cp. Thuc. 3. 40. § 1, ξυγγνώμην ἁμαρτεῖν ἀνθρωπίνως λήψονται. συμβαλεῖν] Sc. τοῖς φλαύροις. 1324, 5. Teucer had as yet done nothing, but only expressed an inten- tion which Agamemnon treats as an act. Odysseus ironically professes not to understand him. He is not aware that Teucer has done any harm. 1326, 7. Here, as in Ant. 485, εἰ ταῦτ’ dvarl τῇδε κείσεται κράτη, the defence of a right is censured by the tyrant as an act of tyranny. 1328. φίλῳ may be taken in three ways, (I) agreeing with the subject of εἰπόντι, ‘May a friend say the truth without offence 2’ or (2) agreeing with the remote object of εἰπόντι, ‘May one speak the truth to a friend without offence 2’ or (3) agreeing with oo in I. 1329, ‘May one speak the truth and still work with youas my friend?' The choice lies between (1) and (2): and the com- parison of 1. 1331, φίλον σ’ ἐγώ, .x. x., inclines the balance in favour of (I).

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1329. Although ξυνηρεμεῖν, the read- ing of L pr. is not a vox nihili,—see L. and S..—Evvpereiv, following the analogy of ὑπηρετεῖν, is much more pro- bable, and the letter erased above the p in L (see v. rr.) was probably r, so that ξυνηρετμεῖν has arisen from a con- fusion of the two readings. It has been tolerated even by some modern editors, though less supported by analogy than either ξυνηρετεῖν or ξυνηρεμεῖν. 1330. εἴην . . φρονῶν] Sc. el μὴ οὕτως εἶχεν; according to a common idiom. 1334. ἡ Bla "The spirit of tyranny.’ Cp. infr. 1357. For a similar use of ἀρχή, cp. Thuc. 3. 82. § 16. 1335. τοσόνδε μισεῖν ‘To carry hate so far.’ The absolute use of the verb is noticeable. Cp. El 357, σὺ δ’ ἡμὶν ἡ μισοῦσα μισεῖς μὲν Abye. 1336. κἀμο(] ‘To me also,’ as well as to you and Menelaus. 1337. Cp. Phil. 1292, πρότεινε χεῖρα, καὶ κράτει τῶν σῶν ὅπλών : Thue. 3. 47, ἐπειδή τε ὅπλων ἐκράτησεν.

+

+ ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

+

+ 114 + +

+

+ ΑΓΑ. + ἤκουσεν + αἰσχρά· + δρῶν + γὰρ + ἦν + τοιαῦτά + pe. + +

+

+ ΟΔ. + τί + γάρ + σ’ + ἔδρασεν, + ὥστε + καὶ + βλάβην + ἔχειν; + 1325 + +

+

+ ΑΓΑ. + οὔ + φησ’ + ἐάσειν + τόνδε + τὸν + νεκρὸν + ταφῆς + +

+

+ ἄμοιρον, + ἀλλὰ + πρὸς + βίαν + θάψειν + ἐμοῦ. + +

+

+ ΟΔ. + ἔξεστιν + οὖν + εἰπόντι + τἀληθῆ + φίλῳ + +

+

+ σοὶ + μηδὲν + Gacov + ἢ + mdpos + * + urnperev; + [16a. + +

+

+ AFA. + εἴπ’· + f + yap + εἴην + οὐκ + ἂν + εὖ + φρονῶν, + ἐπεὶ + 1330 + +

+

+ φίλον + σ’ + ἐγὼ + μέγιστον + Ἀργείων + νέμω, + +

+

+ ΟΔ. + ἄκουέ + νυν. + τὸν + ἄνδρα + τόνδε + πρὸς + θεῶν + +

+

+ μὴ + τλῇς + ἄθαπτον + ὧδ’ + ἀναλγήτως + βαλεῖν· + +

+

+ μηδ’ + ἡ + βία + σε + μηδαμῶς + νικησάτω + +

+

+ τοσόνδε + μισεῖν + ὥστε + τὴν + δίκην + πατεῖν. + 1335 + +

+

+ kduol + yap + ἢν + ποθ’ + οὗτος + ἔχθιστος + στρατοῦ, + +

+

+ 3 + 83 + A + a + 1 + .; + 2 + 6 + 2 + +

+

+ ἐξ + οὗ + ’κράτησα + τῶν + Ἀχιλλείων + ὅπλων· + +

+

+ 7f + ~ + ; + +

+

+ ἀλλ’ + αὐτὸν + ἔμπας + ὄντ’ + ἐγὼ + τοιόνδ’ + ἐμοὶ + +

+

+ 1 + ; + +

+

+ 1325. + γάρ + σ] + γὰρ + L. + γὰρ + σ’ + C. + γάρ + σ’ + A. + +

+

+ 1327. + θάψειν + ἐμοῦ] + gl. + ἐμοὶ + +

+

+ σοῦ + 12. + +

+

+ θάψειν + ἐμοῦ + Vat. + ac. + +

+

+ 1328. + τἀληθῆ] + τἀληθῆ· + LA. + +

+

+ 1329. + ἐυνη- + +

+

+ ρετεῖν] + ξυνηρεμεῖν + LL. + +

+

+ ξυνηρετμεῖν + Cett. + +

+

+ Lob. + corr. + +

+

+ 1330. + εἴπ’· + ἦ + γὰρ + εἴην] + +

+

+ ἐπείγ’ + ἂν + εἴην + 1,, + εἴπ’ + ἢ + γὰρ + εἴην + Cs. + +

+

+ εἴπ’· + f + γὰρ + mg. + AC5. + +

+

+ ἥπου + γ’ + ἂν + (γρ. + εἶπ’ + +

+

+ 5 + γ’ + NT. + 1335. + τοσόνδε] + τὸ + σὸν + δὲ + L. + +

+

+ τοσόνδε + C2A. + +

+

+ 1337. + κράτησα] + +

+

+ κράτησα + LA + Pal. + 1338. + duras) + ἔμπα + L. + +

+

+ ἔμπασ + C2A. + +

+

+ ὅμως + Ε. + interl. + C. + +

+

+ ἔμπης + I. + +

+ Commentary +

+ inf. + cp. + Thuc. + 3. + 40. + § + 1, + ξυγγνώμην + + ἁμαρτεῖν + ἀνθρωπίνως + λήψονται. + + συμβαλεῖν] + Sc. + τοῖς + φλαύροις. + + 1324, + 5. + Teucer + had + as + yet + done + + nothing, + but + only + expressed + an + inten- + + tion + which + Agamemnon + treats + as + an + + act. + Odysseus + ironically + professes + not + + to + understand + him. + He + is + not + aware + + that + Teucer + has + done + any + harm. + + 1326, + 7. + Here, + as + in + Ant. + 485, + εἰ + + ταῦτ’ + dvarl + τῇδε + κείσεται + κράτη, + the + + defence + of + a + right + is + censured + by + the + + tyrant + as + an + act + of + tyranny. + + 1328. + φίλῳ + may + be + taken + in + three + + ways, + (I) + agreeing + with + the + subject + of + + εἰπόντι, + ‘May + a + friend + say + the + truth + + without + offence + 2’ + or + (2) + agreeing + with + + the + remote + object + of + εἰπόντι, + ‘May + one + + speak + the + truth + to + a + friend + without + + offence + 2’ + or + (3) + agreeing + with + oo + in + I. + + 1329, + ‘May + one + speak + the + truth + and + still + + work + with + youas + my + friend?' + The + choice + + lies + between + (1) + and + (2): + and + the + com- + + parison + of + 1. + 1331, + φίλον + σ’ + ἐγώ, + .x. + x., + + inclines + the + balance + in + favour + of + (I). + +

+

+ , + +

+ Commentary +

+ 1329. + Although + ξυνηρεμεῖν, + the + read- + + ing + of + L + pr. + is + not + a + vox + nihili,—see + + L. + and + S..—Evvpereiv, + following + the + + analogy + of + ὑπηρετεῖν, + is + much + more + pro- + + bable, + and + the + letter + erased + above + the + + p + in + L + (see + v. + rr.) + was + probably + r, + so + + that + ξυνηρετμεῖν + has + arisen + from + a + con- + + fusion + of + the + two + readings. + It + has + been + + tolerated + even + by + some + modern + editors, + + though + less + supported + by + analogy + than + + either + ξυνηρετεῖν + or + ξυνηρεμεῖν. + + 1330. + εἴην + . + . + φρονῶν] + Sc. + el + μὴ + οὕτως + + εἶχεν; + according + to + a + common + idiom. + + 1334. + ἡ + Bla + "The + spirit + of + tyranny.’ + + Cp. + infr. + 1357. + For + a + similar + use + of + + ἀρχή, + cp. + Thuc. + 3. + 82. + § + 16. + + 1335. + τοσόνδε + μισεῖν + ‘To + carry + + hate + so + far.’ + The + absolute + use + of + the + + verb + is + noticeable. + Cp. + El + 357, + σὺ + δ’ + + ἡμὶν + ἡ + μισοῦσα + μισεῖς + μὲν + Abye. + + 1336. + κἀμο(] + ‘To + me + also,’ + as + well + + as + to + you + and + Menelaus. + + 1337. + Cp. + Phil. + 1292, + πρότεινε + χεῖρα, + + καὶ + κράτει + τῶν + σῶν + ὅπλών + : + Thue. + 3. + 47, + + ἐπειδή + τε + ὅπλων + ἐκράτησεν. + +

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οὐκ Kdvrariudoaud dv, ὥστε μὴ λέγειν 2 2 5 r 2 ἕν’ ἄνδρ’ ἰδεῖν ἄριστον Ἀργείων, ὅσοι Τροίαν ἀφικόμεσθα, πλὴν Ἀχιλλέως. ὥστ’ οὐκ ἂν ἐνδίκως γ’ ἀτιμάζοιτό σοι· οὐ γάρ τι τοῦτον, ἀλλὰ τοὺς θεῶν νόμους φθείροις ἄν. ἄνδρα δ’ οὐ δίκαιον, εἰ θάνοι, βλάπτειν τὸν ἐσθλόν, οὐδ’ ἐὰν μισῶν κυρῇς. ΑΓΑ. σὺ ταῦτ’, Ὀδυσσεῦ, τοῦδ’ ὑπερμαχεῖς ἐμοί; ΟΔ. ἔγωγ· ἐμίσουν δ’, ἡνίκ’ ἦν μισεῖν καλόν. ΑΓΑ. οὐ γὰρ θανόντι καὶ προσεμβῆναί σε χρή; OA. μὴ χαῖρ’, Ἀτρείδη, κέρδεσιν τοῖς μὴ καλοῖς. ΑΓΑ. τόν τοι τύραννον εὐσεβεῖν οὐ ῥᾷδιον. 2 8 ΟΔ. ἀλλ’ εὖ λέγουσι τοῖς φίλοις τιμὰς νέμειν. ΑΓΑ. κλύειν τὸν ἐσθλὸν ἄνδρα χρὴ τῶν ἐν τέλει. ΟΔ. παῦσαι· κρατεῖς τοι τῶν φίλων νικώμενος.

-

1339. οὐκ *ἀντατιμάσαιμ’] οὐκ ἂν ἀτιμάσαιμ’ LILIMR. οὔκ οὐὖν ἀτιμάσαιμ’ CA Vat.ac Vs. οὐκ 4v ἀτιμάσαιμ’ Pal. M. Bothe corr. 1344. ἄνδρα δ’ οὐ] ἀνδρ’ οὐ A. 1349. κέρδεσιν]ὔ κέρδεσι LI. κέρδεσιν AC.

-

1339. οὐκ *avranpudop’ ἄν] This reading, though found in no MS., is nearer to the first hand of L, and also more pointed, than οὔκουν dr. dv, the reading of C3 and some inferior MSS. ἀντατιμάζω does not occur elsewhere, but is supported by the analogy of ἀνταδικεῖν. 1340. & ἄνδρ’ ἰδεῖν ἄριστον Ἀργείων] ‘That he stood alone, so far as I could see, as the noblest of the Argives.’ & ἄνδρα is here intensive. Cp. Aesch. Pers. 327, εἷς ἀνὴρ πλεῖστον πόνον, . παρασχών. 1341. πλὴν Ἀχιλλέως] Cp. the lines of the 11th Odyssey quoted above, note on 1319; and Alcaeus, Fr. 48, τὸν ἄριστον πέδ’ Ἀχίλλεα Pind. Nem. 7. 40, κράτιστον Ἀχιλέος ἄτερ. 1342. ἀτιμάζουτο] The passive, while emphasizing the verb, avoids the 2nd per- son. (E.on L. § 31. p.1. 534, p. 1. 54 b.) 1344, 5. εἰ θάνοι] For the optative in supposing a general case, see Essay on LI § 326. p. 61a (I). Join ἄνδρα . . τὸν ἐσθλόν. 1346. ‘Do you mean, Odysseus, thus to fight on his side against me ?’ 1347. ἡνίκ] ‘At the moment when—."

-

i.e. When he was known to have de- stroyed the herds, supr. 18, 31, 78, 122. In all these places, however, the hatred on the part of Ajax is more dwelt upon than that of Odysseus. 1349. κέρδεσιν.] Cp Athene’s ironical words to Ajax, supr. 107, πρὶν 11 . . κερδάνῃς πλέον. For the strength of ethical associa- tion in μὴ kaXois, cp. Thuc. 3. 55, where the Plataeans, pleading for their lives, state as a reason for having clung to Athens, καὶ προδοῦναι αὐτοὺς οὐκέτι ἦν καλόν : also Phil. 1304, ἀλλ’ οὔτ’ ἐμοὶ τοῦτ’ ἐστὶν οὔτε σοὶ καλόν. 1350. "A monarch cannot always ob- serve the rule of piety.’ Agamemnon, like the Athenian envoys at Melos, has recourse to ‘necessity, the tyrant’s plea.’ 1351. ‘But he can favourably regard the good advice of his friend.’ Sc. wa- τόν ἔστιν αὐτῷ, implied in pdbiov, supr. 1352. Tòv ἐσθλόν ἄνδρα] He echoes Odysseus’ words, supr. 1344, 5: '1If, as you say, he had been a good man, he Wwould have obeyed authority.’ 1353. ‘Enough. In yielding to a

+

+ οὐκ + Kdvrariudoaud + dv, + ὥστε + μὴ + λέγειν + + 2 + 2 + + 5 + r + 2 + + ἕν’ + ἄνδρ’ + ἰδεῖν + ἄριστον + Ἀργείων, + ὅσοι + + Τροίαν + ἀφικόμεσθα, + πλὴν + Ἀχιλλέως. + + ὥστ’ + οὐκ + ἂν + ἐνδίκως + γ’ + ἀτιμάζοιτό + σοι· + + οὐ + γάρ + τι + τοῦτον, + ἀλλὰ + τοὺς + θεῶν + νόμους + + φθείροις + ἄν. + ἄνδρα + δ’ + οὐ + δίκαιον, + εἰ + θάνοι, + + βλάπτειν + τὸν + ἐσθλόν, + οὐδ’ + ἐὰν + μισῶν + κυρῇς. + + ΑΓΑ. + σὺ + ταῦτ’, + Ὀδυσσεῦ, + τοῦδ’ + ὑπερμαχεῖς + ἐμοί; + + ΟΔ. + ἔγωγ· + ἐμίσουν + δ’, + ἡνίκ’ + ἦν + μισεῖν + καλόν. + + ΑΓΑ. + οὐ + γὰρ + θανόντι + καὶ + προσεμβῆναί + σε + χρή; + + OA. + μὴ + χαῖρ’, + Ἀτρείδη, + κέρδεσιν + τοῖς + μὴ + καλοῖς. + + ΑΓΑ. + τόν + τοι + τύραννον + εὐσεβεῖν + οὐ + ῥᾷδιον. + + 2 + 8 + + ΟΔ. + + ἀλλ’ + εὖ + λέγουσι + τοῖς + φίλοις + τιμὰς + νέμειν. + + ΑΓΑ. + + κλύειν + τὸν + ἐσθλὸν + ἄνδρα + χρὴ + τῶν + ἐν + τέλει. + + ΟΔ. + + παῦσαι· + κρατεῖς + τοι + τῶν + φίλων + νικώμενος. + +

+ Critical Apparatus +

+ 1339. + οὐκ + *ἀντατιμάσαιμ’] + οὐκ + ἂν + ἀτιμάσαιμ’ + LILIMR. + + οὔκ + οὐὖν + ἀτιμάσαιμ’ + CA + + Vat.ac + Vs. + οὐκ + 4v + ἀτιμάσαιμ’ + Pal. + M. + Bothe + corr. + + 1344. + ἄνδρα + δ’ + οὐ] + ἀνδρ’ + οὐ + A. + + 1349. + κέρδεσιν]ὔ + κέρδεσι + LI. + + κέρδεσιν + AC. + +

+ Commentary +

+ 1339. + οὐκ + *avranpudop’ + ἄν] + This + + reading, + though + found + in + no + MS., + is + + nearer + to + the + first + hand + of + L, + and + also + + more + pointed, + than + οὔκουν + dr. + dv, + the + + reading + of + C3 + and + some + inferior + MSS. + + ἀντατιμάζω + does + not + occur + elsewhere, + + but + is + supported + by + the + analogy + of + + ἀνταδικεῖν. + + 1340. + & + ἄνδρ’ + ἰδεῖν + ἄριστον + Ἀργείων] + + ‘That + he + stood + alone, + so + far + as + I + could + + see, + as + the + noblest + of + the + Argives.’ + & + + ἄνδρα + is + here + intensive. + Cp. + Aesch. + Pers. + + 327, + εἷς + ἀνὴρ + πλεῖστον + πόνον, + . + παρασχών. + + 1341. + πλὴν + Ἀχιλλέως] + Cp. + the + + lines + of + the + 11th + Odyssey + quoted + above, + + note + on + 1319; + and + Alcaeus, + Fr. + 48, + + τὸν + ἄριστον + πέδ’ + Ἀχίλλεα + Pind. + Nem. + + 7. + 40, + κράτιστον + Ἀχιλέος + ἄτερ. + + 1342. + ἀτιμάζουτο] + The + passive, + while + + emphasizing + the + verb, + avoids + the + 2nd + per- + + son. + (E.on + L. + § + 31. + p.1. + 534, + p. + 1. + 54 + b.) + + 1344, + 5. + εἰ + θάνοι] + For + the + optative + + in + supposing + a + general + case, + see + Essay + + on + LI + § + 326. + p. + 61a + (I). + Join + ἄνδρα + . + . + + τὸν + ἐσθλόν. + + 1346. + ‘Do + you + mean, + Odysseus, + thus + + to + fight + on + his + side + against + me + ?’ + + 1347. + ἡνίκ] + ‘At + the + moment + when—." + +

+ Commentary +

+ i.e. + When + he + was + known + to + have + de- + + stroyed + the + herds, + supr. + 18, + 31, + 78, + 122. + + In + all + these + places, + however, + the + hatred + + on + the + part + of + Ajax + is + more + dwelt + upon + + than + that + of + Odysseus. + + 1349. + κέρδεσιν.] + Cp + Athene’s + ironical + + words + to + Ajax, + supr. + 107, + πρὶν + 11 + . + . + + κερδάνῃς + πλέον. + + For + the + strength + of + ethical + associa- + + tion + in + μὴ + kaXois, + cp. + Thuc. + 3. + 55, + + where + the + Plataeans, + pleading + for + their + + lives, + state + as + a + reason + for + having + clung + + to + Athens, + καὶ + προδοῦναι + αὐτοὺς + οὐκέτι + + ἦν + καλόν + : + also + Phil. + 1304, + ἀλλ’ + οὔτ’ + ἐμοὶ + + τοῦτ’ + ἐστὶν + οὔτε + σοὶ + καλόν. + + 1350. + "A + monarch + cannot + always + ob- + + serve + the + rule + of + piety.’ + Agamemnon, + + like + the + Athenian + envoys + at + Melos, + has + + recourse + to + ‘necessity, + the + tyrant’s + + plea.’ + + 1351. + ‘But + he + can + favourably + regard + + the + good + advice + of + his + friend.’ + Sc. + wa- + + τόν + ἔστιν + αὐτῷ, + implied + in + pdbiov, + supr. + + 1352. + Tòv + ἐσθλόν + ἄνδρα] + He + echoes + + Odysseus’ + words, + supr. + 1344, + 5: + '1If, + as + + you + say, + he + had + been + a + good + man, + he + + Wwould + have + obeyed + authority.’ + + 1353. + ‘Enough. + In + yielding + to + a + +

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friend you get your own way.’ Cp. the Grixombia in Aesch. Agam. 940-3. The implied reasoning is, ‘Vour friend desires your good, therefore in yielding your will to his you have your will. 1355. Ajax’ envious conduct since the award of the arms should not ob- literate the remembrance of his former uobleness. 1357. τῆς ἔκθρα5] ‘Kindness prevails with me before enmity.’ Sc. μᾶλλον, implied in νικᾷ, For the meaning of ἀρετή, cp. Thuc. 2. 34. §5 6, 7. It is here partly ‘ the spirit of bereficence,’ partly ‘the wish (o be thought kind.’ See Essay on L. § 39. p. 73 b. 1338. ‘Men who speak thus are prone to rashness.’ τοιοίθε, sc. ὥστε τὴν dperiw τῆς ἔχθρας προτιμᾶσθαι. For the addition of βροτῶν, see Essay on L. § 40. p. 75, 3; and cp. especially O. C. 281, pwrs ἀνοσίου Bporaw. 1359. ‘Sarely it is no new thing for those now friendly to be hereafter hos- tite.’ Odysseus hints at the truth which Ajax professed to have learned, supr. 678-683. Ajax’ love and service to the Argives has turned to bitterness. to has that of many before him; ar. d so will that of many aſter him. The:efore

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revenge against him should have an end. 1360. TIs that the sort of friend you would recommend?’ ie. If Ajax was so fickle, do you advise me to treat him as a friend? Agamemnon speaks of an act of conmon humanity as if it im- plied special friendship. 1361. ‘I care not to approve of hardness.’ ἐπαινεῖν is echoed without being directly in point. 1363. Ἕλλησι ndo] ‘In the sight of Hellas.’ 1364. Agamemnon shows signs of yielding, but in doing so prepares to throw the responsibility upon Odysseus. 1365. This line must be interpreted with reference to the train of thought (or of dialectic) which follows it, and which ends the dispute. Odysseus gains nis object (I) by quiet firmness, (2) by representing the burial of Ajax as a favour to himself (II. 1371, 2). He thereſore does not repel, but wilily ad- mits, the insinuation ofinte1 ested motives made by Agamemnon in L 1366. But how is Agamemnon brought to make this insinuation? According to a cur- Tent explanation of 1. 1365, it is by Odysseus’ saying, "I urge upon you the burial of Ajax, because I too shall come

+

+ 116 + ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

+

+ A. + μέμνησ’ + ὁποίῳ + φωτὶ + τὴν + χάριν + δίδως. + +

+

+ ΟΔ. + 85 + ἐχθρὸς + ἁνήρ, + ἀλλὰ + γενναῖός + ποτ’ + ἦν. + 1355 + +

+

+ ΑΓΑ. + τί + ποτε + ποιήσεις; + ἐχθρὸν + ὧδ’ + αἰδεῖ + νέκυν; + +

+

+ OA. + νικᾷ + γὰρ + ἁρετή + ue + τῆς + ἔχθρας + πολύ. + +

+

+ ΑΓΑ. + τοιοίδε + μέντοι + φῶτες + ἔμπληκτοι + βροτῶν. + +

+

+ OA. + f + kdpra + πολλοὶ + νῦν + φίλοι + καῦθις + πικροί. + +

+

+ ATA. + τοιούσδ’ + ἐπαινεῖς + δῆτα + σὺ + κτᾶσθαι + φίλους; + 1360 + +

+

+ OA. + σκληρὰν + ἐπαινεῖν + οὐ + φιλῶ + ψυχὴν + ἐγώ. + +

+

+ AFA. + ἡμᾶς + σὺ + δειλοὺς + τῇδε + θἠμέρᾳ + φανεῖς. + +

+

+ OA. + ἄνδρας + μὲν + οὖν + Ἕλλησι + πᾶσιν + ἐνδίκους. + +

+

+ ΑΓΑ. + ἄνωγας + οὖν + με + τὸν + νεκρὸν + θάπτειν + ἐᾶν; + +

+

+ OA. + ἔγωγε· + καὶ + γὰρ + αὐτὸς + ἐνθάδ’ + ἵξομαι. + 1365 + +

+

+ 1355. + ἁνήρ] + ἀνὴρ + LA. + +

+

+ γενναῖος] + γεναῖός + A. + +

+

+ 1357. + ἀρετή] + . + . + ρετή + L. + +

+

+ (ἡ + adperh + 7) + ἡ + βετή + C'AV. + ἡ + ἀρετὴ + T + Pal. + VM. + ἠρετή + Vat. + ac + M2. + +

+

+ 1358. + Bpo- + +

+

+ οισ + +

+

+ τῶν] + βροτῶν + C. + βροτοῖς + A. + +

+

+ 1360. + δῆτα] + δή + L. + +

+

+ δῆτα + AC + +

+

+ 1362. + δειλούς] + +

+

+ δι + λοῦσ + L. + δειλοὺς + Co. + δειλοὺς + Α. + +

+

+ τῇδε + θμέρᾳ] + τῆιδέ + θ’ + ἡμέρα + LA. + +

+

+ φονεῖς] + +

+

+ φανείσ + CA. + +

+ Commentary +

+ friend + you + get + your + own + way.’ + Cp. + the + + Grixombia + in + Aesch. + Agam. + 940-3. + + The + implied + reasoning + is, + ‘Vour + friend + + desires + your + good, + therefore + in + yielding + + your + will + to + his + you + have + your + will. + + 1355. + Ajax’ + envious + conduct + since + + the + award + of + the + arms + should + not + ob- + + literate + the + remembrance + of + his + former + + uobleness. + + 1357. + τῆς + ἔκθρα5] + ‘Kindness + prevails + + with + me + before + enmity.’ + Sc. + μᾶλλον, + + implied + in + νικᾷ, + For + the + meaning + of + + ἀρετή, + cp. + Thuc. + 2. + 34. + §5 + 6, + 7. + It + is + + here + partly + ‘ + the + spirit + of + bereficence,’ + + partly + ‘the + wish + (o + be + thought + kind.’ + + See + Essay + on + L. + § + 39. + p. + 73 + b. + + 1338. + ‘Men + who + speak + thus + are + + prone + to + rashness.’ + τοιοίθε, + sc. + ὥστε + + τὴν + dperiw + τῆς + ἔχθρας + προτιμᾶσθαι. + + For + the + addition + of + βροτῶν, + see + Essay + + on + L. + § + 40. + p. + 75, + 3; + and + cp. + especially + + O. + C. + 281, + pwrs + ἀνοσίου + Bporaw. + + 1359. + ‘Sarely + it + is + no + new + thing + for + + those + now + friendly + to + be + hereafter + hos- + + tite.’ + Odysseus + hints + at + the + truth + which + + Ajax + professed + to + have + learned, + supr. + + 678-683. + Ajax’ + love + and + service + to + + the + Argives + has + turned + to + bitterness. + + to + has + that + of + many + before + him; + ar. + d + so + + will + that + of + many + aſter + him. + The:efore + +

+ Commentary +

+ revenge + against + him + should + have + an + end. + + 1360. + TIs + that + the + sort + of + friend + you + + would + recommend?’ + ie. + If + Ajax + was + so + + fickle, + do + you + advise + me + to + treat + him + + as + a + friend? + Agamemnon + speaks + of + an + + act + of + conmon + humanity + as + if + it + im- + + plied + special + friendship. + + 1361. + ‘I + care + not + to + approve + of + + hardness.’ + ἐπαινεῖν + is + echoed + without + + being + directly + in + point. + + 1363. + Ἕλλησι + ndo] + ‘In + the + sight + + of + Hellas.’ + + 1364. + Agamemnon + shows + signs + of + + yielding, + but + in + doing + so + prepares + to + + throw + the + responsibility + upon + Odysseus. + + 1365. + This + line + must + be + interpreted + + with + reference + to + the + train + of + thought + + (or + of + dialectic) + which + follows + it, + and + + which + ends + the + dispute. + Odysseus + gains + + nis + object + (I) + by + quiet + firmness, + (2) + by + + representing + the + burial + of + Ajax + as + a + + favour + to + himself + (II. + 1371, + 2). + He + + thereſore + does + not + repel, + but + wilily + ad- + + mits, + the + insinuation + ofinte1 + ested + motives + + made + by + Agamemnon + in + L + 1366. + But + + how + is + Agamemnon + brought + to + make + + this + insinuation? + According + to + a + cur- + + Tent + explanation + of + 1. + 1365, + it + is + by + + Odysseus’ + saying, + "I + urge + upon + you + the + + burial + of + Ajax, + because + I + too + shall + come + +

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to this,’ viz. to death. The sentiment is a noble one, and is in accordance with Odysseus words to Athena in supr. 124 (οὐδὲν τὸ τούτου μᾶλλον ἢ τοὐμὸν σκο- πῶν). But how can it provoke even from the most short-sighted of mortals an accusation of selfishness? For the ‘I’ in this case is ‘I and you, and all ren.’ It is better therefore to understand Odysseus to say, ‘Iurge this course upon you because I mean to follow it,’i.e. My vote in the council will be given in favour of permitting the funeral. Odysseus thus tacitly sets his moral influence against the authoritative voice of Agamemnon; whose rejoinder in 1366 is then the natural expression of a weak man in office who is losing the support of a powerful subordinate. It is the way of the world! Every man seeks his own ends, Isee !’ And Odys- seus in 1. 1367, without caring to resent the sneer, simply reaffirms his right to take a line of bis own, and pleads the reasonableness of his trying to win those in authority over to his side. On which Agamemnon (I. 1358) throws the entire responsibility on Odysseus, and Odysseus says (I. 1369), "That makes no differ-

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ence. Your consent, in whatever terms it is granted, will be equally kind.’ If this is rejected, l. 1366 must refer not to Odysseus’ words, but merely to his attitude of dissent. l. 1367 is thus less pointed. For the meaning given to ἐνθά ἵξομαι, 1. 1465, cp. Eur. Androm. 342, ἀλλ’ εἶσιν of xph,—and for ὡς ἄν, 1. 1369, cp. O. C. 1361, and note. 1371. ocol μέν, k.c7 λ.1 For this un- gracious expression, cp. O. T. 671, 2, 5 7 „ 76 γὰρ cbv, οὐ τὸ τοῦδ’, ἐποικτείρω στόμα | ἐλεινόν, οὗτος δ’, ἔνθ’ ἂν ᾖ, στυγήσεται. 1372. κἀκεῖ κἀνθάδ’]Ε. on L. 341..78. 1373. σοὶ δὲ . . & fxph.] You may do what you must:" an ill-humoured way of saying, ‘Do as you please.’ xpf, although rejected by Dindorf and others in favour of χρῇς, i. e xpieis. is not in- expressive, and is possibly right. Cp. ElL 606.— Exit Agamemnon. 1375. τοιοῦτοῦ vra While you act in this way.’ Cp. Phil. 1049, οὗ γὰρ τοιούτων δεῖ, τοιοῦτός εἰμ’ ἐγώ, 1376. ἀγγέλλομαι]. ‘I declare my self.. Cp. Thuc. 8. 86. § 8, ἐπαγγελ- λόμενοι .. ὥστε βοηθεῖν.

+

+ ΑΙΑΣ. + +

+

+ ΑΓΑ. + ἦ + πάνθ’ + ὅμοια· + πᾶς + ἀνὴρ + αὑτῷ + πονεῖ. + +

+

+ z + . + - + +

+

+ OA. + τῷ + γάρ + με + μᾶλλον + εἰκὸς + 4 + pavr + πονεῖν; + +

+

+ ~ + r + 2 + — + — + +

+

+ ΑΓΑ. + σὸν + ἂρα + τοὔργον, + οὐκ + ἐμὸν + κεκλήσεται, + +

+

+ X + 2 + 1 + +

+

+ ΟΔ. + ὡς + ἂν + ποιήσῃς, + mavrax + χρηστός + y + ἔσει, + +

+

+ 3 + z + 2 + +

+

+ AA. + ἀλλ’ + ye + μέντοι + 7007 + ἐπίστασ’, + ὡς + ἐγὼ + 1370 + +

+

+ 7 + ’ + 2 + +

+

+ σοὶ + μὲν + νέμοιμ’ + ἂν + τῆσδ + ἰ + μεί, + 2 + +

+

+ μ + μοιμ + τῆσδε + καὶ + μείζω + χάριν, + +

+

+ οὗτος + δὲ + κἀκεῖ + κἀνθάδ’ + v + ἔμοιγ’ + ὁμῶς + +

+

+ ἔχθιστος + ἔσται. + σοὶ + δὲ + δρᾶν + ἔξεσθ’ + ἃ + xpf. + +

+

+ 4 + 2 + 2 + +

+

+ XO. + ὅστις + σ’, + Ὀδυσσεῦ, + μὴ + λέγει + γνώμῃ + σοφὸν + +

+

+ φῦναι, + τοιοῦτον + ὄντα, + μῶρός + ἐστ’ + ἀνήρ. + 1375 + +

+

+ OA. + kal + νῦν + ye + Τεύκρῳ + τἀπὸ + τοῦδ’ + ἀγγέλλομαι + +

+

+ 8 + ’ + 2 + an + +

+

+ ὅσον + 767 + ἐχθρὸς + ἦν, + τοσόνδ’ + εἶναι + φίλος. + 60. + +

+

+ Ζ + 2 + 3 + 7 + +

+

+ kal + τὸν + θανόντα + τόνδε + συνθάπτειν + θέλω, + +

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+ 8 + X + +

+

+ hoo + +

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+ 1266. + ὅμοια] + ὁμοῖα + A. + +

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+ 1367. + moveiv] + πονεῖν + C2. + φρονεῖν + Τ. + γρ. + pporeiv + R. + +

+

+ 1368. + dpa) + dpa + L. + dpa + AC7 + Vat. + ac. + +

+

+ 1369. + ὡς] + ὅσσ + L. + ὡσ + CA. + no. + ήσῃς + +

+

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+

+ πανταχῆ] + πανταχοῦ + A. + ylom. + LL? + +

+

+ Vat. + a + VM + Pal. + add. + CA + Vat. + c + MA. + +

+

+ 1372. + ὁμῶς] + ὅμως + LT. + ὁμῶς + ACI + +

+

+ 1374. + σ’] + om. + LT + add. + C5. + +

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+ Aouai) + ἀγγέλομαι + I. + +

+

+ 1377. + φίλος] + φίλον + LI. + φίλος + CA. + +

+ Commentary +

+ to + this,’ + viz. + to + death. + The + sentiment + is + + a + noble + one, + and + is + in + accordance + with + + Odysseus + words + to + Athena + in + supr. + 124 + + (οὐδὲν + τὸ + τούτου + μᾶλλον + ἢ + τοὐμὸν + σκο- + + πῶν). + But + how + can + it + provoke + even + + from + the + most + short-sighted + of + mortals + + an + accusation + of + selfishness? + For + the + + ‘I’ + in + this + case + is + ‘I + and + you, + and + all + + ren.’ + It + is + better + therefore + to + understand + + Odysseus + to + say, + ‘Iurge + this + course + upon + + you + because + I + mean + to + follow + it,’i.e. + + My + vote + in + the + council + will + be + given + + in + favour + of + permitting + the + funeral. + + Odysseus + thus + tacitly + sets + his + moral + + influence + against + the + authoritative + voice + + of + Agamemnon; + whose + rejoinder + in + + 1366 + is + then + the + natural + expression + of + a + + weak + man + in + office + who + is + losing + the + + support + of + a + powerful + subordinate. + It + + is + the + way + of + the + world! + Every + man + + seeks + his + own + ends, + Isee + !’ + And + Odys- + + seus + in + 1. + 1367, + without + caring + to + resent + + the + sneer, + simply + reaffirms + his + right + to + + take + a + line + of + bis + own, + and + pleads + the + + reasonableness + of + his + trying + to + win + those + + in + authority + over + to + his + side. + On + which + + Agamemnon + (I. + 1358) + throws + the + entire + + responsibility + on + Odysseus, + and + Odysseus + + says + (I. + 1369), + "That + makes + no + differ- + +

+ Commentary +

+ ence. + Your + consent, + in + whatever + terms + + it + is + granted, + will + be + equally + kind.’ + If + + this + is + rejected, + l. + 1366 + must + refer + not + + to + Odysseus’ + words, + but + merely + to + his + + attitude + of + dissent. + l. + 1367 + is + thus + less + + pointed. + + For + the + meaning + given + to + ἐνθά + ἵξομαι, + + 1. + 1465, + cp. + ἀλλ’ + + εἶσιν + of + xph,—and + for + ὡς + ἄν, + 1. + 1369, + + cp. + and + note. + + 1371. + ocol + μέν, + k.c7 + λ.1 + For + this + un- + + gracious + expression, + cp. + + 5 + 7 + „ + + 76 + γὰρ + cbv, + οὐ + τὸ + τοῦδ’, + ἐποικτείρω + + στόμα + | + ἐλεινόν, + οὗτος + δ’, + ἔνθ’ + ἂν + ᾖ, + + στυγήσεται. + + 1372. + κἀκεῖ + κἀνθάδ’]Ε. + on + L. + 341..78. + + 1373. + σοὶ + δὲ + . + . + & + fxph.] + You + may + + do + what + you + must:" + an + ill-humoured + + way + of + saying, + ‘Do + as + you + please.’ + xpf, + + although + rejected + by + Dindorf + and + others + + in + favour + of + χρῇς, + i. + e + xpieis. + is + not + in- + + expressive, + and + is + possibly + right. + Cp. + + Agamemnon. + + 1375. + τοιοῦτοῦ + vra + While + you + + act + in + this + way.’ + Cp. + οὗ + + γὰρ + τοιούτων + δεῖ, + τοιοῦτός + εἰμ’ + ἐγώ, + + 1376. + ἀγγέλλομαι]. + ‘I + declare + my + + self.. + Cp. + Thuc. + 8. + 86. + § + 8, + ἐπαγγελ- + + λόμενοι + .. + ὥστε + βοηθεῖν. + +

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1382. λόγοισι] ‘By reason of thy speech.’ Essay on L. § 41. p. 21 b (2). ἔψευσας ἐλπίδο5] Cp. O. T. 1432, ἐπείπερ ἐλπίδος μ’ ἀπέσπασα. 1383. ἔχθιστο5] ‘Most hated,’ as supr. 18, μάλιστα μισηθέντος, ἐχθίστου θ’ ὁρᾶν. 1384. χερσίν] ‘With effective aid.’ Odysseus had not only spoken in Ajax’ behalf, but had offered actual belp. παρών is little more than expletive here, but suggests that Odysseus was too noble to stand by and see wrong done to his dead enemy. 1385. θανόντι . . ζῶν] Essay on L. § 14. p. 76. 1386. οὑπιβρόντητος] ἐπιβρόντητος is either (I) "senseless;’ or (2) ε- serving the lightning-stroke.’ Cp. supr. 103, τοὐπίτριπτον κίναδος, and note. 1389. Ὀλύμπου τοῦδ’] Olympus in

-

Sophocles almost loses the notion of place, and is associated with the sky overhead. Ant. 758, οὔ, τόνδ’ Ὅλυμπον. 1390. μνέμων] Cp. especially Aesch. Eum: 381-3, κακῶν τε uhuoves σεμναὶ| καὶ δυσπαρήγοροι Bporois. 1392. AcBais] ‘Injuriously.’ For this dative of manner, see Essay on L. § 14. p. 20 a, and cp. especially Ant. 1003, σπῶντας .. ἀλλήλους φοναῖς. The expression is justified by Menelaus’ words, supr. 1064, 5. 1395. Cp. Od. 11. 543. 563. Teucer fears that the spirit of Ajax will be offended if Odysseus stands beside his giave. In Herodotus, 5. 67, the dead hero Adrastus is supposed by Cleisthenes of Sicyon to be disgusted by his adop- tion of the dead hero Melanippus, son of Astacus. 1396, 7. kel τινα στρατοῦ |θέλει5

+

+ 118 + +

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+ ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + +

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+ καὶ + ξυμπονεῖν + kal + μηδὲν + ἐλλείπειν + ὅσον + +

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+

+ A + 2 + ’ + ’ + 1 + A + +

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+ μόνος + παρέστης + χερσίν, + οὐδ’ + ἔτλης + παρὼν + +

+

+ θανόντι + τῷδε + ζῶν + ἐφυβρίσαι + μέγα, + +

+

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+

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+

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+

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+

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+

+ κακοὺς + κακῶς + φθείρειαν, + ὥσπερ + ἤθελον + +

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+

+ 1396. + ξύμπρασσε] + ξύμπραττε + LAT + Pal + +

+ Commentary +

+ 1382. + λόγοισι] + ‘By + reason + of + thy + + speech.’ + Essay + on + L. + § + 41. + p. + 21 + b + (2). + + ἔψευσας + ἐλπίδο5] + Cp. + O. + T. + 1432, + + ἐπείπερ + ἐλπίδος + μ’ + ἀπέσπασα. + + 1383. + ἔχθιστο5] + ‘Most + hated,’ + as + + supr. + 18, + μάλιστα + μισηθέντος, + ἐχθίστου + + θ’ + ὁρᾶν. + + 1384. + χερσίν] + ‘With + effective + aid.’ + + Odysseus + had + not + only + spoken + in + Ajax’ + + behalf, + but + had + offered + actual + belp. + + παρών + is + little + more + than + expletive + + here, + but + suggests + that + Odysseus + was + + too + noble + to + stand + by + and + see + wrong + + done + to + his + dead + enemy. + + 1385. + θανόντι + . + . + ζῶν] + Essay + on + L. + + § + 14. + p. + 76. + + 1386. + οὑπιβρόντητος] + ἐπιβρόντητος + + is + either + (I) + "senseless;’ + or + (2) + ε- + + serving + the + lightning-stroke.’ + Cp. + supr. + + 103, + τοὐπίτριπτον + κίναδος, + and + note. + + 1389. + Ὀλύμπου + τοῦδ’] + Olympus + in + +

+ Commentary +

+ Sophocles + almost + loses + the + notion + of + + place, + and + is + associated + with + the + sky + + overhead. + Ant. + 758, + οὔ, + τόνδ’ + Ὅλυμπον. + + 1390. + μνέμων] + Cp. + especially + Aesch. + + Eum: + 381-3, + κακῶν + τε + uhuoves + σεμναὶ| + + καὶ + δυσπαρήγοροι + Bporois. + + 1392. + AcBais] + ‘Injuriously.’ + For + + this + dative + of + manner, + see + Essay + on + L. + + § + 14. + p. + 20 + a, + and + cp. + especially + Ant. + + 1003, + σπῶντας + .. + ἀλλήλους + φοναῖς. + The + + expression + is + justified + by + Menelaus’ + + words, + supr. + 1064, + 5. + + 1395. + Cp. + Od. + 11. + 543. + 563. + Teucer + + fears + that + the + spirit + of + Ajax + will + be + + offended + if + Odysseus + stands + beside + his + + giave. + In + Herodotus, + 5. + 67, + the + dead + + hero + Adrastus + is + supposed + by + Cleisthenes + + of + Sicyon + to + be + disgusted + by + his + adop- + + tion + of + the + dead + hero + Melanippus, + son + + of + Astacus. + + 1396, + 7. + kel + τινα + στρατοῦ + |θέλει5 + +

-

κομίζειν] (1) ‘And if you wish to bring any member of the host.’ Or (2) If you wish any of the host to carry him;’ —(not ‘to bury him.’ κομίζειν has not the meaning of συγκομίζειν, supr. 1048. In Eur. Androm. 1263, 4, ἀλλ’ ἕρπε Δελφῶν ἐς θεόδμητον πόλιν] νεκρὸν κο- μίζων τόνδε, the meaning is, ‘Go and take this dead body to Delphi’s god- built town.") 1398. Observe the repetition of τἄλ- Aa after τὰ ἄλλα, with a different re- ference. 1401. ἐπαινέσας τὸ σόν] ‘Approving your decision,’ i.e. not complaining of it. 1402 foll. Exodos. The anapaests give the signal for departure, and pro- bably indicate that Ajax is not to be buried in the fatal spot, but is carried off the stage in solemn procession. 1402. The unseemly interruption of the Atreidae has delayed the burial. 1403-8. Perhaps the tripod and the armour were carried in the procession, which would go forth while the Chorus or the Coryphaeus chanted 11. 1418-20. During the words of Teucer, various attendants are moving to and fro, until at 1. 1413 all is ready, and the proces- sion forms. 1404-5. ταχύνετε . . θέσθ’] The dig- ging of the grave takes time. The

-

tripod is set up in a moment. Hence the change of tense. 1404-6. rol.. ἐπικαίρον] Others set over the fire the tripod on its loſty stand, ready to serve for pure lustration. The words of Ajax, supr. 654, compared with 862, suggest that he bathed himself before his end. But Teucer could not know this, and in any case the lustration was necessary, especially after the self- violence. Foraudtimupov, which is predi- cative, cp. Il. 18. 344, ἀμφὶ πυρὶ στῆσαι τρίποδα μέγαν. 7ol continues the epic note struck in κοίλην κάπετον. λουτρῶν is a genitive of respect after ἐπίκαιρον, ‘with a view to,’ For the purpose of. Cp. Thuc. 3. 92. § 5, τοῦ . . πολέμου καλῶς . . καθίστασθαι; 1407, 8. According to the wish of Ajax expressed to the mariners, supr. 572 foll;, his body-armour is to be Buried with him, while the shield is left to Eurysaces. The Chorus must be supposed to have communicated this message to Teucer. See Introduction. Join & kMotas φερέτω. The crowd who have gathered are now ready as one man to obey Teucer. 1409-13. ‘Ves, and do thou, dear boy. as far as thy strength allows, help me thus to lift thy father’s frame, applying thy hands with loving care. For the darkened life-carrent still issues from

+

+ ΑΙΑΣ. + +

+

+ 119 + +

+

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+ ἐγὼ + δὲ + τἄλλα + πάντα + πορσυνῶ· + σὺ + δὲ + +

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+ ἀνὴρ + καθ’ + ἡμᾶς + ἐσθλὸς + dv + ἐπίστασο, + +

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+

+ xepot + +

+

+ ταχύνατε + Pal. + +

+ Commentary +

+ κομίζειν] + (1) + ‘And + if + you + wish + to + bring + + any + member + of + the + host.’ + Or + (2) + If + + you + wish + any + of + the + host + to + carry + him;’ + + —(not + ‘to + bury + him.’ + κομίζειν + has + not + + the + meaning + of + συγκομίζειν, + supr. + 1048. + + In + Eur. + Androm. + 1263, + 4, + ἀλλ’ + ἕρπε + + Δελφῶν + ἐς + θεόδμητον + πόλιν] + νεκρὸν + κο- + + μίζων + τόνδε, + the + meaning + is, + ‘Go + and + + take + this + dead + body + to + Delphi’s + god- + + built + town.") + + 1398. + Observe + the + repetition + of + τἄλ- + + Aa + after + τὰ + ἄλλα, + with + a + different + re- + + ference. + + 1401. + ἐπαινέσας + τὸ + σόν] + ‘Approving + + your + decision,’ + i.e. + not + complaining + + of + it. + + 1402 + foll. + Exodos. + The + anapaests + + give + the + signal + for + departure, + and + pro- + + bably + indicate + that + Ajax + is + not + to + be + + buried + in + the + fatal + spot, + but + is + carried + + off + the + stage + in + solemn + procession. + + 1402. + The + unseemly + interruption + of + + the + Atreidae + has + delayed + the + burial. + + 1403-8. + Perhaps + the + tripod + and + the + + armour + were + carried + in + the + procession, + + which + would + go + forth + while + the + Chorus + + or + the + Coryphaeus + chanted + 11. + 1418-20. + + During + the + words + of + Teucer, + various + + attendants + are + moving + to + and + fro, + until + + at + 1. + 1413 + all + is + ready, + and + the + proces- + + sion + forms. + + 1404-5. + ταχύνετε + . + . + θέσθ’] + The + dig- + + ging + of + the + grave + takes + time. + The + +

+ Commentary +

+ tripod + is + set + up + in + a + moment. + Hence + + the + change + of + tense. + + 1404-6. + rol.. + ἐπικαίρον] + Others + + set + over + the + fire + the + tripod + on + its + loſty + + stand, + ready + to + serve + for + pure + lustration. + + The + words + of + Ajax, + supr. + 654, + compared + + with + 862, + suggest + that + he + bathed + himself + + before + his + end. + But + Teucer + could + not + + know + this, + and + in + any + case + the + lustration + + was + necessary, + especially + after + the + self- + + violence. + Foraudtimupov, + which + is + predi- + + cative, + cp. + Il. + 18. + 344, + ἀμφὶ + πυρὶ + στῆσαι + + τρίποδα + μέγαν. + 7ol + continues + the + epic + + note + struck + in + κοίλην + κάπετον. + λουτρῶν + + is + a + genitive + of + respect + after + ἐπίκαιρον, + + ‘with + a + view + to,’ + For + the + purpose + of. + + Cp. + Thuc. + 3. + 92. + § + 5, + τοῦ + . + . + πολέμου + + καλῶς + . + . + καθίστασθαι; + + 1407, + 8. + According + to + the + wish + of + + Ajax + expressed + to + the + mariners, + supr. + + 572 + foll;, + his + body-armour + is + to + be + + Buried + with + him, + while + the + shield + is + left + + to + Eurysaces. + The + Chorus + must + be + + supposed + to + have + communicated + this + + message + to + Teucer. + See + Introduction. + + Join + & + kMotas + φερέτω. + The + crowd + + who + have + gathered + are + now + ready + as + + one + man + to + obey + Teucer. + + 1409-13. + ‘Ves, + and + do + thou, + dear + boy. + + as + far + as + thy + strength + allows, + help + me + + thus + to + lift + thy + father’s + frame, + applying + + thy + hands + with + loving + care. + For + the + + darkened + life-carrent + still + issues + from + +

-

the warm arteries’ The clause with γάρ gives the reason for the addition of φιλότητι θυγώῶν. The σύρυγγες are the circular mouths of the several arteries, which were imagined to be full of air, and to blow forth the blood. dve is ‘into the air.’ Cp. Phil. 783, τόδ’ ἐκ βυθοῦ | κηκῖον afua. Others, comparing supr. 918 (when the wound was recent), explain σύριγγες of the nostrils, and suppose Teucer merely to raise the shoulders in order to stay the flow of blood. 1415. τῷδ’ ἀνδρί] Essay on L. § 12. p. 18. 1416. κοὐδενί πω λῴονι] The whole ciause is affected by attraction. Essay

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on L. § 35. p. 60; and cp. "nonsuch,’ ‘nonpareil,’ on ne peut mieux,’ and similar idioms of modern speech. 1417. |Atavros . . pov] ‘Than Ajax, I speak of the time when he was in life’ This line is open to question, chiefly on the metrical ground of the awkwardness of closing a system of marchinganapaests with two paroemiacs. For ὅτ’ ἦν, cp. Eur. Fr. 313 (the shade of Bellerophon is apostrophizing his former self), ἦσθ’ εἰς θεοὺς μὲν εὐσεβής, ὅτ’ ἦσθ’, det, 6. TA 1420. ὅ T. πράξει] ‘What his fortune will be.’ Cp. O. T. 73, 4, καί μ’ ἦμαρ ἤδη . . Aumet, τί πράσσεϊ.

+

+ 120 + +

+

+ ΣΟΦΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ + AIAE. + +

+

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+ τῶν + μελλόντων, + ὅ + τι + πράξει. + +

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+ 1420 + +

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+ 1411. + ἐπικούφι(ζ’] + ἐπικούφιζς. + (c + or + ι) + L. + ἐπικού- + +

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+

+ φησὶν + L. + 1417. + τότε] + ποτε + Pal. + +

+

+ 1418. + ἰδοῦσιν] + ἰδοῦσι + Α. + +

+ Commentary +

+ the + warm + arteries’ + The + clause + with + + γάρ + gives + the + reason + for + the + addition + of + + φιλότητι + θυγώῶν. + The + σύρυγγες + are + the + + circular + mouths + of + the + several + arteries, + + which + were + imagined + to + be + full + of + air, + + and + to + blow + forth + the + blood. + dve + is + + ‘into + the + air.’ + Cp. + Phil. + 783, + τόδ’ + ἐκ + + βυθοῦ + | + κηκῖον + afua. + Others, + comparing + + supr. + 918 + (when + the + wound + was + recent), + + explain + σύριγγες + of + the + nostrils, + and + + suppose + Teucer + merely + to + raise + the + + shoulders + in + order + to + stay + the + flow + of + + blood. + + 1415. + τῷδ’ + ἀνδρί] + Essay + on + L. + § + 12. + + p. + 18. + + 1416. + κοὐδενί + πω + λῴονι] + The + whole + + ciause + is + affected + by + attraction. + Essay + +

+ Commentary +

+ on + L. + § + 35. + p. + 60; + and + cp. + "nonsuch,’ + + ‘nonpareil,’ + on + ne + peut + mieux,’ + and + + similar + idioms + of + modern + speech. + + 1417. + |Atavros + . + . + pov] + ‘Than + + Ajax, + I + speak + of + the + time + when + he + was + + in + life’ + This + line + is + open + to + question, + + chiefly + on + the + metrical + ground + of + the + + awkwardness + of + closing + a + system + of + + marchinganapaests + with + two + paroemiacs. + + For + ὅτ’ + ἦν, + cp. + Eur. + Fr. + 313 + (the + shade + + of + Bellerophon + is + apostrophizing + his + + former + self), + ἦσθ’ + εἰς + θεοὺς + μὲν + εὐσεβής, + + ὅτ’ + ἦσθ’, + det, + 6. + TA + + 1420. + ὅ + T. + πράξει] + ‘What + his + fortune + + will + be.’ + Cp. + O. + T. + 73, + 4, + καί + μ’ + ἦμαρ + + ἤδη + . + . + Aumet, + τί + πράσσεϊ. + +