diff --git a/hybridse/src/vm/core_api.cc b/hybridse/src/vm/core_api.cc
index 62edd8b73b0..d425d9a7b31 100644
--- a/hybridse/src/vm/core_api.cc
+++ b/hybridse/src/vm/core_api.cc
@@ -211,8 +211,8 @@ hybridse::codec::Row CoreAPI::RowConstProject(const RawPtrHandle fn,
 }
 
 hybridse::codec::Row CoreAPI::RowProject(const RawPtrHandle fn,
-                                         const hybridse::codec::Row row,
-                                         const hybridse::codec::Row parameter,
+                                         const hybridse::codec::Row& row,
+                                         const hybridse::codec::Row& parameter,
                                          const bool need_free) {
     if (row.empty()) {
         return hybridse::codec::Row();
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ hybridse::codec::Row CoreAPI::UnsafeRowProject(
     hybridse::vm::ByteArrayPtr inputUnsafeRowBytes,
     const int inputRowSizeInBytes, const bool need_free) {
     // Create Row from input UnsafeRow bytes
-    auto inputRow = Row(base::RefCountedSlice::Create(inputUnsafeRowBytes,
+    auto inputRow = Row(base::RefCountedSlice::CreateManaged(inputUnsafeRowBytes,
                                                       inputRowSizeInBytes));
     auto row_ptr = reinterpret_cast<const int8_t*>(&inputRow);
 
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ void CoreAPI::CopyRowToUnsafeRowBytes(const hybridse::codec::Row inputRow,
 
 hybridse::codec::Row CoreAPI::WindowProject(const RawPtrHandle fn,
                                             const uint64_t row_key,
-                                            const Row row,
+                                            const Row& row,
                                             WindowInterface* window) {
     if (row.empty()) {
         return row;
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ hybridse::codec::Row CoreAPI::WindowProject(const RawPtrHandle fn,
 }
 
 hybridse::codec::Row CoreAPI::WindowProject(const RawPtrHandle fn,
-                                            const uint64_t key, const Row row,
+                                            const uint64_t key, const Row& row,
                                             const bool is_instance,
                                             size_t append_slices,
                                             WindowInterface* window) {
@@ -326,9 +326,9 @@ hybridse::codec::Row CoreAPI::UnsafeWindowProject(
     hybridse::vm::ByteArrayPtr inputUnsafeRowBytes,
     const int inputRowSizeInBytes, const bool is_instance, size_t append_slices,
     WindowInterface* window) {
-    // tobe
+
     // Create Row from input UnsafeRow bytes
-    auto row = Row(base::RefCountedSlice::Create(inputUnsafeRowBytes,
+    auto row = Row(base::RefCountedSlice::CreateManaged(inputUnsafeRowBytes,
                                                  inputRowSizeInBytes));
     return Runner::WindowProject(fn, key, row, Row(), is_instance, append_slices,
                                  window->GetWindow());
diff --git a/hybridse/src/vm/core_api.h b/hybridse/src/vm/core_api.h
index 4b89eb18a92..ec3cec57d4b 100644
--- a/hybridse/src/vm/core_api.h
+++ b/hybridse/src/vm/core_api.h
@@ -126,8 +126,8 @@ class CoreAPI {
     static size_t GetUniqueID(const hybridse::vm::PhysicalOpNode* node);
 
     static hybridse::codec::Row RowProject(const hybridse::vm::RawPtrHandle fn,
-                                           const hybridse::codec::Row row,
-                                           const hybridse::codec::Row parameter,
+                                           const hybridse::codec::Row& row,
+                                           const hybridse::codec::Row& parameter,
                                            const bool need_free = false);
     static hybridse::codec::Row RowConstProject(
         const hybridse::vm::RawPtrHandle fn, const hybridse::codec::Row parameter,
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ class CoreAPI {
                                         const int length);
 
     static hybridse::codec::Row WindowProject(
-        const hybridse::vm::RawPtrHandle fn, const uint64_t key, const Row row,
+        const hybridse::vm::RawPtrHandle fn, const uint64_t key, const Row& row,
         const bool is_instance, size_t append_slices, WindowInterface* window);
 
     // Window project API with Spark UnsafeRow optimization
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ class CoreAPI {
         size_t append_slices, WindowInterface* window);
 
     static hybridse::codec::Row WindowProject(
-        const hybridse::vm::RawPtrHandle fn, const uint64_t key, const Row row,
+        const hybridse::vm::RawPtrHandle fn, const uint64_t key, const Row& row,
         WindowInterface* window);
 
     static hybridse::codec::Row GroupbyProject(